UNIT 7

Creative Talents
Reading
GOOD GAME: BUT IS IT ART?
1 Read the artile a!"#t "$%#ter ga$es &#i'l()
Do these people (A-D) believe that the games are an artform or not?
A Nic Kelman Roger Ebert John De argheriti D !teve !tamatia"is
* +"# are g"ing t" read an artile a!"#t "$%#ter ga$es) Ch""se the ans,er -. /) 0 "r D1 ,hih ("# thin' 2its
!est a"rding t" the te3t)
1 #hat is the aim of the $ri"a% afternoon sessions "escribe" in the first paragraph?
A to fin" o&t if a ne' game is 'or(ing properl%
/ to allo' non-specialists to tr% o&t ne' games
0 to give the game "esigners a chance to interact
D to give emplo%ees a brea( from intense concentration
* #hat "oes the 'or" )if* in the secon" paragraph refer to?
A a theor% p&t for'ar" b% Nic Kelman
/ the total effect a comp&ter game can have
0 the vi"eo game as a form of entertainment+
D the artistic val&e of certain parts of comp&ter games
4 ,n the thir" paragraph- the 'riter s&ggests that the comp&ter games in"&str%
A has a lot to learn from the film in"&str%+
/ is fast becoming a part of the film in"&str%+
0 is more commerciall% "riven than the film in"&str%+
D has %et to achieve the high stat&s of the film in"&str%+
5 Accor"ing to the 'riter- 'h% is i%amoto compare" to the filmma(er D+ #+ .riffith?
A /e has emplo%e" a similar st%le in his 'or(+
B /e has gaine" the respect of film enth&siasts+
0 /e has intro"&ce" 'a%s of 'or(ing that have infl&ence" others+
D /e has pioneere" the &se of a shifting perspective in comp&ter games+
6 Robert Ebert thin(s that comp&ter games sho&l" not be consi"ere" as art beca&se
A the% are essentiall% interactive in nat&re+
1
/ the% "o not present sophisticate" i"eas to the en" &ser+
0 the% are create" b% teams of people rather than b% in"ivi"&als+
D the% are create" b% people 'ith technical rather than artistic s(ills+
7 $or John De argheriti- the artistic val&e of a comp&ter game can be meas&re" b%
A the comple0it% of the goals the pla%er is set+
/ the "egree to 'hich a pla%er gets invo(e" in it
0 the nat&re of the 'orl" that is create" b% the "esigner+
D the e0tent to 'hich the "esigner)s original vision is realise"+
7 At the en" of the final paragraph- the 'riter reveals that he agrees 'ith
A !tarnatia"is*s "o&bts abo&t the content of most comp&ter games+
/ Ebert*s reservations abo&t consi"ering comp&ter games as art+
0 Kelman)s anal%sis of the state of the comp&ter games in"&str%+
D De argheriti*s point abo&t the f&nctions of artforms+
,n the icro $orte st&"io in .lebe- A&stralia- thirt% blo(es sit at their comp&ters "rin(ing 1o(e an" t'i""ling 'ith
the glorio&s- comp&ter-generate" lan"scapes splashe" across their screens+ #earing enormo&s hea"phones- the
comp&ter-game "esigners loo( li(e scr&ff% (oalas intent on their 'or(+ 2he onl% so&n"s that emanate from this strange
colon% are mo&se clic(s an" (e%boar" taps an" the lo'- stea"% h&m of machines+ 3n certain $ri"a%s at 4+45 p+m+-
ho'ever- 'hen the compan% is creating a game- the scene changes+ 2hat)s 'hen the floor becomes animate" b% the
so&n" of thirt% brainiacs pla%ing comp&ter games 'hile the% "rin( beer an" s&c( lollies- searching for the fla's 'ithin
each other)s 'or(+
,f American a&thor Nic Kelman is to be believe"- the men manip&lating monsters onscreen are not 6&st
entertainment provi"ers- the%)re artists engage" in a ne' artform that s&rpasses vis&al an" technical abraca"abra+
),n"ivi"&al components of comp&ter games have al'a%s ha" artistic val&e-) he sa%s+ )7&t in the last fe' %ears- the
s%nthesis of all those parts is pro"&cing something that has some (in" of "eeper e0perience+ It transcen"s the form+)
2hat)s the thesis Kelman presents in his latest boo( Video Game Art.
,t ma% so&n" innoc&o&s- b&t Kelman)s assertion that the stor%lines- comple0 characters- so&n"- m&sic an"
breathta(ing vis&als in games ma(e them vali" 'or(s of art is controversial- even among gamers+ 2he $ilm an" comp&ter
games in"&stries fee" off each other- 'ith /oll%'oo" pilfering titles s&ch as Tomb Raider, %et the games in"&str% that
too( off in the 89:5s remains the brattier co&sin of the movie b&siness+ ;re"ictions that the val&e of the games in"&str%
'ill s&rpass the film an" m&sic in"&stries combine" 'ithin a fe' %ears < increasing in reven&e from =>!?@+A billion in
?55A to =>!@@ billion in ?559 - have barel% altere" the p&blic perception that comp&ter games are the "omain of
a"olescents+
Not onl% "o games have their o'n grammar an" cliches- b&t a han"f&l of "esigners have recognisable st%les+
Among gamers- the names !higer& i%amoto an" #ill #right in"&ce the same respect that !tanle% K&bric( an" Robert
Altman provo(e in movie b&ffs+ The New Yorker "escribe" the Japanese "esigner i%amoto- 'ho create" classic games
s&ch as Donkey Kong an" The Legend of Zelda, as the D+ #+ .riffith of game "esign+ J&st as .riffith pioneere" narrative
filmma(ing in the earl% ?5
th
cent&r% 'ith cinematic "evices s&ch as the flashbac( an" cross-c&tting- i%amoto "evelope"
man% of the techniB&es no' central to games- s&ch as immersive- coherent 'orl"s an" shifting point of vie'+ /is 'or( is
recognisable for its chil"li(e- 6o%o&s st%le+
Even so- late last %ear- the infl&ential film critic Roger Ebert- of the hi!ago "#n$Time%, banishe" comp&ter
games from his canon of artforms+ ), am prepare" to believe that vi"eo games can be elegant- s&btle- sophisticate"-
2
challenging an" vis&all% 'on"erf&l-) Ebert 'rote on his 'ebsite in response to a rea"er+ )7&t , believe the nat&re of the
me"i&m prevents it from moving be%on" craftsmanship to the stat&re of art+ 2o m% (no'le"ge- no-one in or o&t of the fiel"
has ever been able to cite a game 'orth% of comparison 'ith the great "ramatists- poets- filmma(ers- novelists an"
composers+) .amers ever%'here poste" feverish blog replies con"emning Ebert an" as(ing him to e0plain himself+
A"mitting that he rarel% pla%s the games- he sa%sC D2here)s a str&ct&ral reason for thatC comp&ter games b% their
nat&re reB&ire pla%er choices- 'hich is the opposite of the strateg% of serio&s film an" literat&re- 'hich reB&ires a&thorial
control+)
2he fo&n"er of icro $orte- John De argheriti- "oesn)t agreeC )2he a&thor of the game has 'ritten some gran"
plotline- has create" the races- the prete0t of the stories-) he sa%s+ )/e)s constraine" %o& in a series of B&ests %o& m&st
"o- missions %o& m&st complete- ob6ects %o& have to collect+) ,n De argheriti)s min"- the "esigner pla%s go" 6&st li(e the
"irector of a film- b&t in a slipper%- m&lti-facete" &niverse instea" of a static one+ ,n s&pport of his arg&ment- De argheriti
"ra's parallels bet'een artformsC great games are as engrossing as great novels or films- an" pla%ers finishing a game
can feel as sa" as a rea"er 'hen the% p&t "o'n s&ch a novel+ A great art'or(- be it sc&lpt&re- film or game- is immersive+
)2he artform of games is simpl% a "ifferent artform-) De argheriti sa%s+ )Artforms have "ifferent f&nctions+ !ome
architect&re ma% not be consi"ere" art E a three-be"room re"-bric( ho&se in the s&b&rbs isn)t art- b&t the !%"ne% 3pera
/o&se is+ ost comp&ter games are the three-be"room ho&se- b&t others are the 3pera /o&se+*
!ome 'ho 'or( 'ithin the games in"&str%- ho'ever- agree 'ith Ebert+ !teve !tamatia"is- creative "irector an"
co-fo&n"er of 7risbane st&"io Krome, 'hich ma"e the Ta%manian Tiger game for chil"ren sa%sC ).ames can potentiall%
"eliver the same st&ff as art- changing the 'a% %o& thin( abo&t something- b&t , "on)t thin( games are at that stage 'hen
abo&t 95 per cent are abo&t people r&nning aro&n" shooting at something+) 7&t- let)s face it- 'hat are the ma6orit% of films
abo&t? #hatever the realities of the mar(etplace- ma%be i%amoto an" others have alrea"% left the s&b&rbs+
4 8ind ,"rds "r %hrases in the artile that $ean the sa$e as:
8 not ver% 'ell "resse" (para 8)
? concentrating har" (para l)
4 come from (para 8)
A livel% (para 8)
@ mista(es (para 8)
F harmless (para 4G
H ver% impressive (para 4)
: stealing (para 4)
9 'as the first to tr% something (para A)
85 ver% e0cite" (para @)
88 ma(es a comparison (para F)
8? involving (para F)
5 C"$%lete these sentenes #sing the "rret 2"r$ "2 "ne "2 the ,"rds 2r"$ the artile)
8 An EEEEEEEEEEEEEEEE"isc&ssion follo'e" the tal( abo&t comp&ter games+
? !an"ra 'as soEEEEEEEEEEEEEEon her 'or( that she faile" to realise that ever%one else ha" gone home+
4 ;etra fo&n" aEEEEEEEEEEEEEEin the "ress material- so too( it bac( to the shop+
A 2he vie' from the hotel balcon% 'as absol&tel%EEEEEEEEEEEEEE+ +
@ 2oni*s gran"father 'as the first toEEEEEEEEEEEEEEthe &se of comp&ters in this co&ntr%+
3
F l fo&n" that boo( completel%EEEEEEEEEEEEEE an" co&l"n)t p&t+
Use "2 English: 9"rd 8"r$ati"n
Read the te3ts) Use the ,"rds given in a%itals t" 2"r$ a ,"rd that 2its in the n#$!ered ga%) There is an e3a$%le
at the !eginning -:1)
A CASE O8 CO;;ECTION MADNESS
ost people 'ho en6o% shopping as a leis&re (5) ativit( (A12,IE) sooner or later reach the point 'here the% have to tr%
to re"&ce the n&mber of s&perfl&o&s (8) EEEEEEEEEEEEEEEE (;3!!E!!) that the% have acc&m&late"+
!ome things- li(e clothes that have become (?) EEEEEEEEEEEEEEEE ($A!/,3N)- are easil% "ispose" of-
b&t to others 'e "evelop a (in" of sentimental (4) EEEEEEEEEEEEEEEE (A22A1/)- li(e so&venirs bo&ght
on holi"a%s- or gifts from frien"s+ ost teenagers b&il" &p collectionsJ be it 1Ds b% favo&rite ban"s- football memorabilia-
or 'hatever- b&t for some people the &rge to collect things contin&es into a"&lt life+
!&ch people are the s&b6ects of a ne' boo( b% !tephen 1allo'a% that loo(s into the (A) EEEEEEEEEEEEEE
(DENK) obsessive 'orl" of collectors an" their passions+ 2hese incl&"e all sorts of people- ranging from (@)
EEEEEEEEEEEEEEEE (,LL,3N) 'ho hoar" $ine Art to or"inar% people 'hose (F)
EEEEEEEEEEEEEEEE ($A!1,NA2E) for- sa%- poo"le "ogs lea"s them to b&% all manner of poo"le art an"
poo"le shape" ob6ects+
7&t 'hether %o&)re into art- potter%- football programmes or vintage motorc%cles- all collections nee" space+ As 1allo'a%
points o&t- 'ith less intrinsicall% (H) EEEEEEEEEEEEEEEE (IAL>E) artefacts- it is often onl% an (:)
EEEEEEEEEEEEEEEE (,A.,NE) "ispla% that slops a collection from becoming 6&st a pile of ol" 6&n(+
Kno'ing 'hen to stop b&%ing- therefore- an" &sing goo" (9) EEEEEEEEEEEEEEEE (J>D.E) 'hen it comes
to "eci"ing 'hat to (eep an" 'hat to sell on- is (85) EEEEEEEEEEEEEEEE (D3>72) the (e% to s&ccessf&l
collecting+
RE<ECT= REC+C;E OR RETAIN?
Do %o& have a (88) EEEEEEEEEEEEEEEE (R33) of cl&tter- or are %o& ti"%? Do %o& agree 'ith people
'ho tell %o& to thro' things a'a% as soon as the% are no longer &sef&l or "o %o& ref&se to get ri" of an%thing? 3f co&rse-
'e all en6o% loo(ing bac( on o&r livesJ ever%one remembers having a favo&rite to% or article of (8?)
EEEEEEEEEEEEEEEE (1L32/) in the past- b&t "o 'e min" seeing these things being val&e" no' as part
of a (84) EEEEEEEEEEEEEEEE (N3!2AL.,A) art motif in a tren"% resta&rant? ,f onl% 'e ha" (ept them-
the% 'o&l" be 'orth a lot of mone%M /o'ever- fe' of &s imagine" ma(ing mone% from o&r memories+ #e faile" to realise
the f&t&re val&e of man% of the items 'e possesse"- an" thre' or gave them a'a%+ ,f onl% 'e ha" planne" to "evelop a
collection of s&ch items at the time- 'e 'o&l" not no' regret missing o&t on a han"some profitM !o m% a"vice to %o& is
this+ #hen an%one < parents- partners- frien"s < pers&a"es %o& to have a (8A) EEEEEEEEEEEEEEEE
(1LEAR) of %o&r treas&res- , &rge %o& to (8@) EEEEEEEEEEEEEEEE (13N!,DER)+ 2he% ma% thin( the% are
onl% attempting to remove (8F) EEEEEEEEEEEEEEEE (NE1E!!ARK) cl&tter from %o&r life- b&t the% ma% be
enco&raging %o& to ma(e the biggest mista(e of %o&r lifeM
4
Use "2 English *: Insert One 9"rd
T>E TA;ENT O8 T>E TRUN?
$or the mo"est s&m of =?@5- it 'ill soon be possible to b&% 8+ EEEE a painting ?+ EEEEone of the art 'orl")s ne0t
rising stars+ ,f that 4+ EEEE so&n" A+ EEEE ver% m&ch to %o&- then this is a goo" moment to snap @+ EEEE a
bargainJ beca&se it loo(s li(e the art 'orl" is F+ EEEE for a bit of a s&rprise+
2'o artists in 2hailan" have opene" three elephant painting schools 'here the% 'ant to train elephants to pro"&ce H+
EEEE of art+ 2he% plan to sell these paintings b&t not to :+ EEEE mone% for themselves < the% are to channel the
profits bac( into local elephant pro6ects 9+ EEEE the #orl" #i"e $&n" for Nat&re (##$)+
2he artists are on the 85+ EEEE of fin"ing o&t e0actl% ho' viable the pro6ect act&all% is+ !ome animal art 88+ EEEE
alrea"% a commercial s&ccessJ paintings b% chimpanNees can fetch high prices- an" are highl% so&ght 8?+ EEEE
Apparentl% elephants have a more abstract st%le- an" b% the time their 'or( has been assesse" b% e0perts it 'ill alrea"%
have been 84+ EEEE the mar(et for some time+ Elephants ma% not be as smart as h&mans- b&t perhaps %o& "on)t 8A+
EEEE to be smart to be a great painter+ An" 8@+ EEEE all- 'ho can reall% sa% 'hat is or isn)t art?
AN ARTIST O8 T>E 8UTURE?
,s he a complete phenomenon? /e "ashes 8F+ EEEE 'or(s of art 'ith big- bol" confi"ent s'eeps of the br&sh- an"
his st%le has been compare" 8H+ EEEE ;icasso+ 8:+ EEEE &n&s&al in that- 89+ EEEE that E"'ar" !impson is
onl% si0 %ears ol"+ /e has become the %o&ngest artist to ?5+ EEEE his 'or( accepte" ?8+ EEEE the 7ritish
#atercolo&r !ociet%)s ann&al e0hibition- an" his paintings sell ??+ EEEE O@5 each+
A MAN 9>O COU;DN@T STOA CO;;ECTING T>INGSB
7om in 8:94 in 1alifornia- Robert Riple% 'as a self-ta&ght artist- 'ho ?4+ EEEE to sell his first "ra'ing 'hen he 'as
8A+ A nat&ral athlete- he longe" to have a career in baseball- b&t faile" to achieve this after brea(ing his arm in his first
professional game+ ?A+ EEEE allo'ing this to interfere ?@+ EEEE his other plans- he began 'or(ing as a
professional cartoonist an" in 898: he starte" "ra'ing cartoons ?F+ EEEE o"" facts+ 2heir s&ccess enco&rage" him
to p&rs&e his interest ?H+ EEEE o""ities+
Riple% love" collecting b&t avoi"e" acB&iring an%thing normalJ he 'ent ?:+ EEEE filling his ho&ses 'ith o"" artefacts+
/e 'as an &n&s&al person 'ho ?9+ EEEE to 'ear bright colo&rsJ he collecte" cars- b&t never learne" to "rive+ /e
never min"e" &sing recor"ing eB&ipment for ra"io broa"casts- b&t avoi"e" comm&nicating 45+ EEEE telephone in 48+
EEEE he ris(e" being electroc&te"+ /e "eteste" s'imming- b&t o'ne" man% boats+
,n 8944- he opene" his first D3""itori&m* inten"ing to "ispla% his strange artefacts+ /e never regrette" "oing this- as it 'as
so s&ccessf&lJ there are no' over ?H m&se&ms in ten co&ntries- an" to&rists are 4?+ EEEE to ma(e them a holi"a%
highlight+
;istening
TIASB
Aa%er 5 ;istening: sentene "$%leti"n -Aart *1
5
A!"#t the e3a$: ,n ;aper A- ;art ?- %o& hear someone giving a tal(+ A set of eight sentences s&mmarises information
from the tal(+ ,n each sentence- a 'or" or short phrase is missing+ As %o& listen- %o& complete the gaps in the sentences
'ith the missing information+ Ko& hear the 'or"s 'hich %o& nee" to 'rite on the recor"ing- b&t %o& "on)t hear the e0act
sentences in the tas(+ 2he% are a s&mmar% of 'hat %o& hear+
S#ggested %r"ed#re:
8 Loo( at the r&bric an" the tas( hea"ing+ 2hin( abo&t 'ho %o& 'ill hear- the conte0t (i+e+ is it a ra"io programme- a
lect&re- etc+?) an" the topic+
? After hearing the r&bric- %o& have time to rea" thro&gh the B&estions+ 2hin( abo&t the t%pe of information that is missing
in each one+ $or e0ample- is it an ob6ect- a place- a person or a n&mber?
4 Rea" the 'hole sentence- incl&"ing an% 'or"s after the gap+
A Listen to the recor"ing+ 2he sentences are in the same or"er as the tal( - &se them to follo' the spea(er+ 1omplete an%
gaps %o&)re s&re of- b&t remember %o&)ll hear the recor"ing again+
@ Each ans'er is a single 'or" or a ver% short phrase (e+g+ a no&n 'ith a"6ectives)+ Don)t tr% to 'rite long ans'ers- or %o&
'ill miss the ne0t one+ Ko& are listening for the missing information - so "on)t 'rite 'or"s alrea"% in the sentence+
F Listen again to chec( %o&r ans'ers an" complete an% missing gaps+
H 1hec( %o&r ans'ers+ Do the% ma(e complete sense in the sentence? 1hec(- for e0ample- 'hether ans'ers sho&l" be
sing&lar or pl&ral an" that %o&r spelling is correct+
1 +"# ,ill hear a l"al radi" ann"#ne$ent a!"#t a harita!le event alled The C", Aarade) 8"r &#esti"ns 1CD=
"$%lete the sentenes)
2onight*s programme is abo&t the cit%)s t'entieth ann&alEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEE(8)
$ibereglass co's- "ecorate" in a 'i"e range of EEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEE (?) an" colo&rs-
'ill be on sho' aro&n" the cit%+
2he original creator of the co's 'as a EEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEE (4) b% occ&pation+
A Noo- a galler% an" a EEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEE (A) are given as e0amples of local
firms sponsoring co's+
At the en" of the event- &p to EEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEE (@) of the co's 'ill be sol" in
a charit% a&ction+
,n ?554- a co' "ecorate" 'ith small pieces ofEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEE(F) sol" for a
recor" price+
3ne of the main charities benefiting from the event gives ai" to EEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEE (H)
in poor co&ntries+
At events calle" EEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEE (:)- chil"ren 'ill "ecorate a co' 'ith
th&mbnail photos+
E"a!#lar( 1: %hrasal ver!s
1 ;""' at this sentene 2r"$ the listening and ans,er the &#esti"ns !el",)
Ko& ma% even have spotte" the o"" m&lti-colo&re" co' &o&&ing #& in &ne0pecte" places+
8 #hat "ifference 'o&l" s&bstit&ting %tanding for &o&&ing #& ma(e to ho' interesting the sentence is?
? #hat is the "ifference bet'een the phrasal verbs pop #& an" pop o&t? #hat i"ea "o the% share?
6
1 Read the te3t) Ch""se the !est %hrasal ver!s t" "$%lete the te3t)
* 9hat is the $eaning "2 the %hrasal ver!s ("# did n"t h""se? Che' in a diti"nar( i2 ("# are n"t s#re) Then
,rite a sentene t" sh", the $eaning "2 eah "ne)
IT@S >ENNA BUT IS IT REA;;+ ART?
#hile some people "en% that bo"% painting is art- others (8) think of ' think #& it as a tra"itional form of self-e0pression
that is as m&ch art as painting on canvas+
$or @-555 %ears people have "ecorate" their bo"ies &sing a nat&ral pro"&ct calle" henna 'hich stains s(in a bright re"
colo&r+ ,n man% co&ntries people believe" that having s&ch "ecoration 'o&l" (?) bring abo#t ' bring ro#nd goo" fort&ne-
an" tra"itionall% 'e (4) !ome to ' !ome a!ro%% e0amples of henna art on the han"s an" feel of 'omen on special
occasions+ /o'ever- henna is becoming increasingl% (A) %o#ght o#t ' %o#ght after in 'estern c&lt&res 'here %o&ng
people 'anting to tr% bo"% art (@) go for ' go off henna beca&se its effect is temporar%- an" f&n+ 3ne henna artist sa%s that
man% clients have o&trageo&s henna art "ecorations "one before the% (F) %et off ' %et abo#t on holi"a%J the% can en6o%
the "ecoration 'hile the% are a'a%- b&t it 'ill have (H) worn away ' 'orn off by the time the% have to (:) go away ' go
ba!k to 'or( or college+
E"a!#lar( *: ,"rds ,ith si$ilar $eaning
1 Three "2 the ,"rds in eah gr"#% !el", have a si$ilar $eaning) >ighlight the "dd "ne "#t in eah gr"#%) 9hat
d"es it $ean? +"# an #se ("#r diti"nar( i2 neessar()
E0ampleC
a c&stom a habit an anomal% a tra"ition An anomaly i% a %trange or #n#%#al feat#re of a %it#ation.
8 collect hoar" acc&m&late b&il"
? s%mbol sign pass'or" logo
4 obsession preocc&pation fascination in"ifference
A conceal "ispla% e0hibit present
@ "isincentive motivation reason ambition
F e0plore e0amine scr&tinise inspect
* 8ind at least "ne "ther ,"rd ,ith a si$ilar $eaning t" the "dd "ne "#t in eah gr"#%) Sh", the ,"rd t" an"ther
st#dent) Can the( $ath it t" the "rret ,"rd?
4 9"r' ,ith a %artner) Using a diti"nar( i2 neessar(= l""' at the three ,"rds that have a si$ilar $eaning in
eah gr"#% a!"ve) 9hat is the di22erene in their $eaning "r #se?
5 Ch""se the $"st a%%r"%riate ,"rds 2r"$ E3erise 1 t" "$%lete these %airs "2 sentenes) Use ,"rds 2r"$
the sa$e gr"#% 2"r eah %air) +"# $a( need t" hange the 2"r$ "2 the ,"rds)
8 a) After a "etaile" EEEEEEEEEEEEE++ b% e0perts- the painting 'as prono&nce" to be a fa(e+
b) 2he official EEEEEEEEEEEEE++ m% passport before allo'ing me in to the co&ntr%+
? a) ost artists an" m&sicians are not EEEEEEEEEEEEE++ an" 6&st 'ant to pro"&ce 'on"erf&l art+
b) !portsmen ten" to be EEEEEEEEEEEEE++ b% their "esire to 'inM
4 a) 2here 'as a s&ccessf&l EEEEEEof alb&m covers from the 89F5s in Lon"on 'hich attracte" man% visitors+
b) 2he "irector gave a "etaile" EEEEEEEEEEEEE++ on the f&t&re plans for the art galler%+
7
UNIT *
S%end it "r Save it
Reading
,n Aart 1 of the Rea"ing paper %o& 'ill have to rea" three short passages+ 2he passages 'ill all be on a theme- an" 'ill incl&"e
"ifferent t%pes of te0t+ Ko& have to ans'er t'o m&ltiple-choice B&estions on each te0t - an" these 'ill foc&s on "ifferent things in the
te0t- for e0ampleJ the 'riter)s p&rpose or opinion- the st%le of 'riting- the meaning of certain 'or"s an" phrases- etc+
!&ggeste" proce"&reC
8 Rea" the first te0t to get an i"ea of 'hat it is abo&t an" ho' it is organise"+
? Rea" both of the B&estions- highlighting (e% 'or"s an" phrases+
4 $in" the place in the te0t 'here %o& thin( the ans'er is locate"+
A Rea" that part of the te0t ver% caref&ll% an" choose the correct ans'er+
@ Rea" the 'hole te0t again to ma(e s&re %o&r ans'er fits the sense of the passage+
F .o on to the ne0t te0t+
A CASE STUD+: ME;ISSA
elissa earns O?H-555 per %ear as the ;A to a !ales Director at a large international compan% ,n Lon"on+ !he lives
nearb% in a flat she rents 'ith her best frien"- !arah+ 2he flat costs them OA@5 per month each+ elissa is a li(eable-
b&bbl% person 'ho is also (no'n to be ver% goo" at her 6ob+ Altho&gh she has a slight problem 'ith p&nct&alit% an" is
sometimes forgetf&l- she is generall% forgiven for her shortcomings beca&se of her st%lish "ress sense an" personalit%+
elissa 'ill be the first to a"mit- ho'ever- that her personal life is a complete "isaster- especiall% on the financial front+
!he absol&tel% loves shopping an" has acc&m&late"- an" &se"- a lot of cre"it car"s+ Ever%one seeme" to 'ant to len"
her mone% an" she bo&ght a car- 'ent on holi"a%s- f&rnishe" her flat an" shoppe" till she "roppe" - all on borro'e"
mone%+ 3n the shopping front- she rel&ctantl% a"mits that being scatt% an" "isorganise"- she constantl% b&%s things that
she "oesn)t reall% nee" an" never reall% thin(s abo&t 'hat she spen"s her mone% on+ !he spen"s lots on cosmetics-
shoes an" clothes- b&t she has nothing to sho' for it beca&se a lot of it is cheap 6&n(+ assivel% in "ebt- elissa avoi"s
opening her ban( or cre"it-car" statements beca&se the sight of them gets her "o'n+ !he has no savings at all an"
freB&entl% borro's mone% from her m&m that she has no hope of pa%ing bac(+
1 In the 2irst %aragra%h= ,e are t"ld that Melissa has %r"!le$s
A gaining the respect of her colleag&es+
/ "ealing 'ith a fairl% "eman"ing 'or(loa"+
0 (eeping on top of some "etaile" aspects of her 'or(+
D maintaining the professional appearance "eman"e" b% her 6ob+
* In the se"nd %aragra%h= ,e learn that Melissa
A ma(es some attempt to plan her spen"ing+
/ is &nconcerne" abo&t her financial position+
0 has been tr%ing to economise in her shopping+
D is a'are that she ma% not al'a%s spen" 'isel%+
8
DESIGNER BRANDS ARE 8OR MON?E+S
Even tho&gh i follo' fashion (in a far from slavish 'a%)- there is no phrase that ma(es me recoil more than )m&st-have)+ ,f
, rea" that P boots or the latest K sha"es have been "ecree" to be the latest )m&st-haves)- m% imme"iate reaction is
m&tin%+ #h% m&st , have them? #h% sho&l" , h&miliate m%self to go on a 'aiting list for this s&ppose"l% "esirable item?
ost of all- 'h% sho&l" , fall for the "esigner)s manip&lative tactics- 'hich are inten"e" onl% to s'ell his or her ban(
balance at the e0pense of mine? $ar more satisf%ing is to pop into the clothes shops in m% local mall an" b&% a cop% of
sai" "esigner)s gear for a tenth of the price+ #aiting lists? /&hM 2he%)re for m&gs+
Act&all%- "esigner bran"s in general are for m&gs+ 2he% are for people too insec&re to tr&st their o'n taste+ 2hese people
calc&late that ever%thing 'ith a certain label m&st be cool- so shopping there is a safe bet+ ,f %o& shop in the mall b%
contrast- %o& have to &se %o&r "iscernment to fin" the one garment o&t of three that loo(s great+ ,f %o& go to a realt%
cheap shop- the ratio is more li(e one in ?5+ 7&t bo% is it 'orth it+ Li(e spotting a little gol" n&gget in a m&""% riverbe"- the
fin" gives rise to immense satisfaction+ #hich is 'h%- accor"ing to a s&rve% p&blishe" this 'ee(- the %o&ng rich are
"eserting "esigner shops for secon"han" stores an" flea-mar(ets+ 2he% prefer to r&mmage for one-off bargains than to
'aste their mone% in some posh "epartment store+
4 In this artile= the ,riter is
A B&estioning the B&alit% of "esigner clothes+
/ e0plaining the conseB&ences of follo'ing fashion+
0 enco&raging people to "evelop their o'n taste in clothes+
D reporting on 'a%s to obtain "esigner clothes at goo" prices+
5 9hih %hrase in the se"nd %aragra%h rein2"res the idea that there is @i$$ense satis2ati"n@ t" !e gained
2r"$ s"$e t(%es "2 sh"%%ing?
A shopping there is a safe bet
&se %o&r "iscernment
bo% is it 'orth it
D r&mmage for one-off bargains
C;IC?INGFT>ROUG>FAFMAG
$or me- shopping is a social thing+ ,t means time to gossip- "rin( coffee an" (eep &p 'ith frien"s an" tren"s (an" tren"s
in frien"s)+ % cons&ming compatriots an" , bro'se- select- tr% o&t for siNe an" "isc&ss - an" onl% if the item is perfect "o
'e b&%+ All of 'hich is b% 'a% of e0plaining 'h% , have never reall% &n"erstoo" the fascination 'ith online shopping+ #ho
'ants to go it alone- sipping a m&g of home-ma"e coffee- b&%ing items that %o& have never even to&che"- let alone trie"
on?
7&t it "oesn)t en" there+ !itting alone- b&%ing a ri"ic&lo&sl% e0pensive item becomes strangel% easier - %o& en" &p "oing
the (in" of thing %o&)" never "o in front of a frien" 'ho has share" %o&r fears on the state of %o&r cre"it car" bill+ 2r&e-
online shopping avoi"s the pain of cro'"s- par(ing an" sore feet b&t %o& miss o&t on the atmosphere an" social stage-
an" %o& are- potentiall% at least- more v&lnerable+
6 9hat d"es the ,riter i$%l( !( the %hrase @trends in 2riends@?
A !he 'orries abo&t (eeping &p 'ith a changing social scene+
/ !he "oesn)t place m&ch importance on the opinions of others+
0 !he fears that her frien"s ma% be "islo%al in her absence+
D !he "oesn)t meet her frien"s &nless she goes shopping+
9
7 The ,"rd it in the se"nd %aragra%h re2ers t" the ,riter@s
A e0perience of online shopping+
/ reason for "isli(ing online shopping+
0 'ish to tr% things on before b&%ing them+
D nee" for a"vice 'hen choosing things to b&%+
Use "2 English
1) C"$%lete the te3t ,ith relative %r"n"#ns)
9>AT@S IN A NAME?
7ehin" ever% mo"em-"a% celebrit% there is a net'or( (8)EEEEEE+ is 'hat helps them to maintain their image+ 2his
net'or( co&l" incl&"e an agent- a managers personal trainer an" a f&ll-time assistant- an" B&ite often there is also a
)significant other) (?) EEEEEE+ ma% have similar celebrit% stat&s+ 7&t eB&all% important to celebrities no'a"a%s is the
partic&lar charit% to (4) EEEEEE+ < the celebrit% chooses to give financial an" promotional s&pport+
2his is beca&se it is involvement 'ith charities (A) EEEEEE+ offers celebrities the potential for image an" career
enhancement- (@) EEEEEE+ is an opport&nit% not to be misse"+ 3f co&rse- their motivation is goo"- b&t it is also
&sef&l if the p&blic thin(s of a celebrit% not 6&st as a bea&tif&l person- b&t as someone (F) EEEEEE+ is 'illing lo share
some of their goo" fort&ne 'ith others+
2he thing (H) EEEEEE+ also ma(es celebrit% < charit% relationships ver% positive is the fact that the% are m&t&all%
beneficial+ ;eople atten"ing a charit% event (:) EEEEEE+ a celebrit% is present 'ill remember it an" ma% then s&pport
the charit% themselves+ A charit% (9) EEEEEE+ p&blicit% incl&"es pict&res of a celebrit% 'ill enco&rage more sponsors-
man% of (85) EEEEEE+ 'ill then 'ant to "onate more mone% to their ca&se+
*) Use the ,"rd given in !ra'ets t" 2"r$ a ,"rd that 2its in the n#$!ered ga%)
SE;; +OUR STU88 ON;INE C 9IT>OUT T>E >ASS;EB
,t seems to be a feat&re of to"a%)s -:1 T>RO9A9A+ (throw) societ% that 'e acc&m&late -11
EEEEEEEEEEEEEE(&o%%e%%( that 'e "o not reall% nee"+ ,mp&lse b&%s an" -*1
EEEEEEEEEEEEEE (want) gifts begin to cl&tter &p o&r homes- an" ob6ects that began as a so&rce of -41
EEEEEEEEEEEEEE (&lea%e( t&rn into a so&rce of fr&stration+ 2oo goo" to p&t in the bin or "onate to a charit%
shop- these items are- B&ite -51 EEEEEEEEEEEEEE (frank)- 6&st ,n the 'a%M
3nline a&ctions- s&ch as e7a%- provi"e a rea"%-ma"e -61 EEEEEEEEEEEEEE (%ol)e(. 7&t as an%one 'ho has
trie" it (no's- b&%ing goo"s online is -71 EEEEEEEEEEEEEE (remark( eas%- 'hereas selling them can be a
comple0 an" time-cons&ming b&siness+ Ko& nee" to ta(e "igital photos of the items from a -71
EEEEEEEEEEEEEE ()ary( of angles- 'rite an enticing "escription to attract -D1
EEEEEEEEEEEEEE (&otent) bi""ers- negotiate ins&rance costs an" then B&e&e &p at the post office to
"espatch the thing+ ,t har"l% comes as a s&rprise- therefore- to learn that over 95Q of a&ction &sers are b&%ers rather than
sellers+
Enter a ne' bree" of service provi"erC the online a&ction facilitator- 'ho in ret&rn for a -G1 EEEEEEEEEEEEEE
(&er!ent) of the sale price as -1:1 EEEEEEEEEEEEEE (!ommit( 'ill "o all the 'or( for %o&+ 7asicall%- %o& 6&st
ta(e the thing %o& 'ant to sell lo them an" the% "o the rest+
10
DIRT+ MONE+
!ooner or later it)s something that ever%one "oesJ %o& p&t %o&r 6eans into the 'ashing machine- having completel% -:1
8ORGOTTEN (forget( abo&t the mone% in the poc(et+ 1oins- on the 'hole- s&rvive the e0perience relativel% -11
EEEEEEEEEEEEEE (harm(- b&t the same is not tr&e of ban(notes+
2hese have a -*1 EEEEEEEEEEEEEE (tend( to "isintegrate as a res&lt of prolonge" -41
EEEEEEEEEEEEEE (e*&o%e( to the forces of heat- 'ater an" "etergent+ ,f %o& live in 7ritain- ho'ever- all
ma% not be lost+ ,t is possible to sen" "amage" ban(notes- -51 EEEEEEEEEEEEEE (a!!e&t( for &se as
pa%ment in shops an" other retail -61 EEEEEEEEEEEEEE (let( to the 7an( of Englan")s )&tilate" Notes
!ection* (7E!) in Lee"s+ /ere e0perts 'ill give the note a thoro&gh -71 EEEEEEEEEEEEEE (e*amine( an"-
if the% are convince" that it is in"ee" the remains of a vali" ban(note- the% 'ill sen" %o& a -71
EEEEEEEEEEEEEE (re&la!e(- or at least a cheB&e of the eB&ivalent val&e+
An" it)s not onl% 'ashing machines that "estro% notes+ Accor"ing to 7E! staff- 'ho receive &p to @55 -D1
EEEEEEEEEEEEEE (a&&ly( per 'ee(- to""lers an" p&pp% "ogs also fig&re high on the list of offen"ers- as "o
people 'ho hi"e their savings in rather -G1 EEEEEEEEEEEEEE (fort#ne( places- s&ch as micro'ave ovens or
"amp cellars+ !ometimes- even ban(s ma(e &se of the service- as happene" "&ring last %ear)s spring floo"s 'hen a
n&mber of branches fo&n" that their b&rglar-proof an" fireproof safes sa"l% 'ere not -1:1 EEEEEEEEEEEEEE
(e+#al) 'aterproof+
4) Insert "ne ,"rd)
T>E AO9ER O8 T>E BRAND NAME
#hat is a bran"? ,t)s something that is special in some 8+ EEEEEEEEEEEEEE- something that %o& can
"isting&ish ?+ EEEEEEEEEEEEEE other pro"&cts 4+ EEEEEEEEEEEEEE a similar nat&re- an" it
&s&all% has a special name- A+ EEEEEEEEEEEEEE it)s a car- a chain of fast-foo" resta&rants or a pair of
6eans+ 2he bran" name- an" the "esign or pac(aging- @+ EEEEEEEEEEEEEE have been caref&ll% chosen to
reflect the special feat&res of the pro"&ct+
7% the time %o& arrive F+ EEEEEEEEEEEEEE school or 'or( in the morning- %o& 'ill alrea"% have been
e0pose" H+ EEEEEEEEEEEEEE a h&ge n&mber of bran"s an" bran" names+ An" this isn)t 6&st a local
phenomenon+ :+ EEEEEEEEEEEEEE- if %o& visite" an% ma6or cit% in the 'orl"- %o& 'o&l" be s&rprise" 9+
EEEEEEEEEEEEEE ho' man% familiar bran"s %o&)" see+ ,n s&ch sit&ations- bran"ing can provi"e a sense of
sec&rit%+ 9-+ EEEEEEEEEEEEEE bran" names also have a h&ge financial impact 85+
EEEEEEEEEEEEEE the cons&mer- 'ho ma% thin( that satisfaction can onl% be obtaine" b% pa%ing e0tra 88+
EEEEEEEEEEEEEE a 'ell-(no'n name+
AROMOTING BRAND NAMES
#hat is it that 8+ EEEEEEEEEEEEEE the promotion of R bran" name s&ccessf&l? A"vertisements for
ins&rance- for e0ample- ?+ EEEEEEEEEEEEEE on o&r nee" to feel safeJ those for clothes ma% 4+
EEEEEEEEEEEEEE to o&r nee" to A+ EEEEEEEEEEEEEE to a gro&p or to have a "esirable
lifest%le+ an% bran"s 4+ EEEEEEEEEEEEEEto 'hat 'e 'o&l" li(e to be rather than 'hat 'e act&all% are+
o"ern a"vertising @+ EEEEEEEEEEEEEE the pict&re of an i"eal life S an" %et the 'orl" it F+
EEEEEEEEEEEEEE still H+ EEEEEEEEEEEEEE familiar+ ,n"ee"- the more often o&r self-image
matches that :+ EEEEEEEEEEEEEE b% a bran"- the stronger an" more s&ccessf&l the bran" image becomes+
11
A SUCCESS8U; ADEERTISEMENT
,t is B&ite "iffic&lt to 8+ EEEEEEEEEEEEEE o&t 'hether an a"vertisement has been s&ccessf&l+ ,f someone
b&%s a car ?+ EEEEEEEEEEEEEE a partic&lar compan%- %o& can)t be s&re 4+ EEEEEEEEEEEEEE
it 'as the compan%)s a"vertisement- the price or the A+ EEEEEEEEEEEEEEB&alit% of the cars @+
EEEEEEEEEEEEEE sale else'here that 'as the "etermining factor+ !o ho' "oes an% a"vertisement s&ccee"
in F+ EEEEEEEEEEEEEE people b&% one pro"&ct H+ EEEEEEEEEEEEEE than another? 2here is
one clear message - it m&st :+ EEEEEEEEEEEEEE a strong response 9+ EEEEEEEEEEEEEE
cons&mers beca&se- s&rprisingl%- it is almost impossible to 85+ EEEEEEEEEEEEEE people to change their
attit&"e 88+ EEEEEEEEEEEEEE a pro"&ct that the% feel in"ifferent 8?+ EEEEEEEEEEEEEE+
A BORN SA;ESAERSON
!elf-belief an" 8+ EEEEEEEEEEEEEE nerves are essential if %o&)re going to ?+
EEEEEEEEEEEEEE %o&r mar( as a salesperson+ 4+ EEEEEEEEEEEEEE ?8-%ear-ol" Leonora
;earl for e0ample+ !he)s a sales cons&ltant A+ EEEEEEEEEEEEEE the 1abo&chon 1ollection of 6e'eller%+
!he 'or(s @+ EEEEEEEEEEEEEE home or F+ EEEEEEEEEEEEEEshe happens to be+ H+
EEEEEEEEEEEEEE onl% is Leonora s(ille" :+ EEEEEEEEEEEEEE selling 6e'eller%- she is also
goo" :+ EEEEEEEEEEEEEE selling the 6ob+ !he sa%s she fell in 9+ EEEEEEEEEEEEEE 'ith the
compan%)s 85+ EEEEEEEEEEEEEEof pro"&cts as soon as she sa' it- an" 88+ EEEEEEEEEEEEEE
&p to be a sales cons&ltant )'ithin five min&tes)+ Leonora fin"s the prices )fantasticall% reasonable) an" the availabilit% of
stoc( )absol&tel% fab&lo&s)+ !he is- in other 8?+ EEEEEEEEEEEEEE- a 'al(ing- tal(ing a"vertisement for the
pro"&cts+ ),n man% 'a%s+ ,)m never reall% 84+ EEEEEEEEEEEEEE "&t%-) she sa%s+ )#hen , go o&t- , al'a%s
ta(e a "&plicate set of 'hatever 6e'eller% ,)m 'earing- 8A+ EEEEEEEEEEEEEE that if an%one 8@+
EEEEEEEEEEEEEE interest in- 8F+ EEEEEEEEEEEEEE- m% nec(lace- , can sell it to them 8H+
EEEEEEEEEEEEEE the spot+)
12