FRANCIS TURBINE

AIM OF THE EXPERIMENT :Determination of specific speed and efficiency of francis turbine .
REQUIREMENT :
1)Francis turbine
ii)Tachometer
THEORY :
If W = Weight of water striking the runner per second
Vw = Velocity of whirl at inlet
V =Tangential velocity of wheel
Vwi = Velocity of whirl at outlet
Vi =Tangential velocity of wheel at outlet
Then hydraulic efficiency 5h =
Its value ranges from 85 to 95 %
Again if p is the power available at the runer shaft then its mechanical efficiency is given by
=..
Theoretically overall efficiency =..
Experimentallt the input of this type of turbine is taken from its discharge .
Discharge of a francis turbine using venturimeter /orifice meter = Q=.
Where K = meter constant .
Total head acting on the turbine H=10.33(P+V/760)m of water
If z =0 and kinetic head is very small.
Input of turbine (Pi)=WQH/75HP
Output(Po) =(w-s)(D+d)N/4500 HP
Efficiency =output/input x100
Specific speed (Ns) =.

THE TEST RIG :
Francis turbine test rig consists of a scroll casing, an outer bearing pedestal, rotor assembly with runner
shaft and brake drum all are mounted on a strong cast iron base plate. A straight conical draft tube is
provided for the purpose of regaining pressure energy from exit and also facilitating easy accessibility of
the turbine due to its location at a hallows Perspex cylinder is provided in between the draft bend and
the casing for the purpose of observation of flow at exit of runner. A rope brake dynamometer is
provided t o measure its output. The net supply head on the turbine is measured by a pressure and
vacuum gauge. Speed is measured by a tachometer.
TECHNICAL SPECIFICATION
a)Turbine
i)rated supply head =
ii)Discharge =
iii)Rated speed =
iv)Unit speed =
v)Specific speed =
vi)Run way speed =
vii)Brake drum diameter =
viii)Rope diameter =
b)Pump setn
i)Head =
II)Discharge =
iii)Power input =
iv)Speed =
c)Flow measuring set
i)Size =
ii)Area ratio =
iii)Throat diameter =
iv )Inlet cone angle =
v)Diverging angle =
vi)Manometer type =
vii)Meter constant =
PROCEDURE :Keep the guide vanes fully closed .Prime the pump .See that all the joints should be tight
and leak proof .Start the pump .Vent the manometer.Note the pressure gauge and vacuum gauge
reading.note manometer reading . Slowly open the guide mechanism .Load the turbine by putting
weights in the weight hanger of brake dynamometer . Note the spring balance reading .Repeat the same
for more readings .
OBSERVATION :