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WirelessHARTDeviceTypesGateways
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HCF_LIT-119
Rev. 1.0
Date of Publication: J une 23, 2010
Contributors: Gerrit Lohmann Pepperl+Fuchs
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HART
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Introduction
WirelessHART Networks must be managed and connected to the wired
world. Therefore as a central component, the WirelessHART Gateway
provides these functionalities.
The Gateway is the central component of a WirelessHART Network
This document will answer following questions:
1. What are the elements of a WirelessHART Gateway and their function
2. How do these elements work together
3. Which Information are stored and routed through a Gateway
4. How does a user interface of a Gateway look like
5. How to commission a WirelessHART Gateway to form a
WirelessHART Network and connect it to a HOST system
6. Maintenance of a WirelessHART Gateway
WirelessHARTDeviceTypesGateways
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ElementsofaWirelessHARTGateway
AGatewayconsistsof5coreelements:
AccessPoint,NetworkManager,SecurityManager,VirtualGatewayandHOSTInterface:
AccessPoint:TheAccessPointisbasicallytheradiowhichprovidestheconnectivitytothe
WirelessHARTNetwork
NetworkManager:TheNetworkManagerforms,organizes,monitorsandextendsthenetwork.
IttakescarefordistributingJoinandNetworkKeysaswellascommunicationslotsandchannels
forallparticipants.
SecurityManager:TheSecurityManagerisresponsibleforgeneration,storageandmanagement
oftheencryptionandauthorizationneeds.
Gateway:TheGatewayisthecenrtralcomponentintheWirelessHARTGateway.Itdistributes
theinformationtoallotherelements,cachesdataandprovidesaccesstotheNetworkManager
HOSTInterface:TheHOSTInterfaceformstheconnectivitytothewiredworld.Itcanconsistof
severalphysicalinterfaceslikeRS485orEthernet.Overtheseinterfaceseveralprotocolscanbe
drivenlikeHPort,Modbus,Ethernet/IPetc.togainflexibleintegrationintodifferentHOST
systems.
Thesefiveelementscouldbeeitherbundledinoneenclosureordistributedinanetworkrunningon
differentHardware.Todayconceptsaimfortheintegratedsolution.
IntegratedWirelessHARTGateway
AfutureconceptofadistributedarchitecturecouldallowamoreflexiblelayoutwithmultipleAccess
Pointsandabackbonenetwork.
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DistributedWirelessHARTGateway
Howdotheelementsworktogether?
Theworkloadofprovidingthefunctionalitiesissharedamongtheelements.Theexactsharingmaydiffer
fromimplementations,butgenerallysomemajoraspectsarethesame.
TheeasiestpartistakenbytheAccessPoint.Theonlytaskofthiselementistoreceiveandsendthe
WirelessHARTMessages.ItreceivesthemessagestosendfromtheVirtualGatewayandinreturn
providestheMessagesreceivedfromtheWirelessHARTNetworktoit.
TheVirtualGatewaypartwilldistributetheHARTcommandsdependingonwhichitis:
HARTcommandsdealingwithforming,monitoringandrunningthenetworkaresendovertoand
receivedfromtheNetworkManager.
HARTCommandsfromtheWrelessHARTNetworktotheHOSTandbackarecached,sotheHOST
hasimmediateaccesstothelastsubmitteddataandtherequestsfromtheHOSTtothenetwork
aresendincoordinationwiththeregularcommunicationpatternassetbytheNetwork
Manager.
AlldatawhichmustbepublishedawayfromHARTcommandstoservetheHOSTInterfaceare
providedtoit.
Toensureacontrolledinformationflow,allinformationarecachedandtransmittedtothe
respectivesubpartoftheGateway
TheNetworkManageristhereceiveranddistributorofHARTcommandswhichdealwithforming,
organizingandmonitoringtheWirelessHARTNetwork.Itreceivesstatusinformationonallparticipantsas
wellastheirwirelesslinks.Basedonthisinformation,thenetworkmanagercontrolstheWirelessHART
NetworkwithsendingHARTcommandsbackwhichcontrolthenetworkForexample,theNetwork
Managerassignsatimeandachannelonwhichtwoparticipantshavetocommunicatetoenablea
optimizedcommunicationpatternTheSecurityManagerworkscloselywiththeNetworkManager.It
providesauthorizationandencryptionkeystoensureproperencryptionofthemessagesaswellasjust
allowingauthorizeddevicestojointhenetwork.
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TheHOSTInterfaceprovidessimpleconnectivitytodifferentnetworkphysicsandprotocols.Itisfedby
thedatacachedintheVirtualGatewayandprovidesthistothesinglenetworks.Also,itservesarecipient
fordatafromtheHOSTwhichmustberoutedthroughtotheWirelessHARTnetwork.
InformationflowthroughtheGateway
TheinformationflowwithintheGatewayiscontrolledandmanagedbytheVirtualGateway.Itisthehub
forallmessagesandHARTcommandsgoingbackandforth.ThesingleHARTcommandsandroutedin
accordancetotheiroriginandrecipientthoughtheVirtualGateway.Somecommandsarecachedsince
thecommunicationintheWirelessHARTnetworkisscheduledbytheNetworkManager
UserInterfaceofaGateway
AsallWirelessHARTdevices,aWirelessHARTGatewaymustprovideawiredinterfaceaccordingtoHART
atleastforfirstsetup.ThiscaneitherbeaRS485oraHARTModemInterface.ThroughthistheGateway
canbeconnectedasanyotherHARTdevicewithaHARTModemoraserialinterface.
OntheothersideoftheHARTModemorserialinterface,asoftwaremustprovidetheaccesstothe
WirelessHARTGateway.ThissoftwarecaneitherbeaDDoraDTM,bothrunningintheappropriate
frameapplicationonaPCoraHandheld(DDonly).Theuserinterfacedoesthereforenotdifferfromthe
lookandfeelfromalreadyexistingHARTdevices
CommissioningofaGateway
CommissioningaGatewaymeanscommissioningaWirelessHARTNetwork.Thisisbasicallydonein
severalsteps.
AftermountingtheWirelessHARTGatewayintheappropriatespotintheplantandwiringalldesired
HOSTconnections,thebasicparametersmustbesetintheGateway.ThisistheJoinKey,andthe
NetworkID.ThesewillidentifytheNetworkinauniquemannerandjustallowauthorizeddevicestojoin
theNetwork.
Then,aftersettingthoseintheGateway,thestartupofaWirelessHARTNetworkcanstart.Thesingle
devicesoftheNetworkmustbepoweredupandbesuppliedwiththeJoinKey,SecurityKey,Network
KeyandNetworkID.ThismusthappenviaawiredinterfaceeitherwithaHARTModemorviaaRS485in
accordancetotheHART7.1Standard.
NowasthedevicespoweruptheystartthejoinphaseandlookforotherWirelessHARTdeviceswiththe
samekeysandIDsastheyhave.Iftheyfindthem,theyrequesttojoinhenetwork.Thismessageis
routedthroughtotheGateway.TheNetworkManagerthenstartstoincludethenewdeviceintothe
networkandtransmitsthecommunicationparametersofthenetworktothenewfounddevice.
Withthisprocedure,theNetworkisthenformed.TheresultisanoptimizedroutingoftheWirelessHART
messagesthroughthenetworkintermsoftiming,channelsandlinks.
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Now,asthenetworkhasbeenformedallinformationgatheredwithinthenetworkendupinthe
Gateway,e.g.Processdata,status,statisticaldataofthenetworketc.ButtheGatewaysroleistoroute
thisinformationtoanyHOSTsystemlikeanAssetManagementSystem,aDCSoraSCADAsystemfor
furtheruse.
ForthistheGatewaymustsomehowtobeconnectedtotheHOSTsystem.TheHOSTSystemmustknow
thestructureoftheGatewaytobeabletoretrievetheinformation.ThestructureoftheGatewayis
describedeitherinaDTMoraneDD.DependingontheHOST,oneofthesedescribingfilesmustbe
installedontheHOSTsystem.
Whenthisdescribingfileisinstalled,theHOSTisenabledtoretrievethedataoutoftheGatewayinthe
appropriateanddesiredmanner.TheInterfacesandprotocolscanbesetupandthedatabeaddressed
soitisavailablethenforfurtherusewithintheHOST.
MaintenanceofaWirelessHARTGateway
Nowinregularoperation,theGatewayitselfdoesnotneedmuchofmaintenance.TheGatewaywill
monitorthenetworkandeachsingleparticipant.Ifsomethingisstartingtofail,e.g.thelinkqualityfalls
belowacertainlimitoradevicefails,alarmmessagesaresendtotheHOSTsystemwhichthendisplays
themessage.
OfcoursealsoamessageissendtotheHOSTalsoiftheGatewayitselffails.AfailingGatewaywould
meanthatthewholenetworkwillbreakdowniftheGatewaydoesnotrecoverinacertainamountof
time.Thisisbecausethegatewaypermanentlydistributesthenetworktimewhichisimportantforthe
networkparticipantsinordertocoordinateallcommunications.
Summary
TheWirelessHARTGatewayasthekeycomponentforaWirelessHARTnetworkhasacomplexinternal
structure.Thisstructureisnotobvioustotheusersinceallfunctionalitiesarewrappedbyuserinterfaces.
Theseinterfacesmakeiteasytouseandimplementandafastcommissioningandreliableoperationof
theGatewayandwiththistheWirelessHARTNetworkisgranted.