Process: Solvent switching from methanol to water - Constant Level Distillation

Process Schematic
Process Description
A nonvolatile solute is dissolved in 1.0 kmol of methanol. We desire to switch the solvent to
water. Since the solution is concentrated, a first batch distillation to concentrate the solution
is not required. We desire to have the solute in a 1.0 kmol soltion that is 99.0 mol% water and
1.0 mol% methanol. We intend to do this by a "constant-level" batch distillation method from
pure methanol (xM, initial = 1.0) to xM, final = 0.01.
What to Determine:
1) Moles of water added to the batch still
2) Moles of water evaporated with methanol in the distillate
VLE Data (Perry et. al., 1963, p13-5)
Relative volatility = 5.558358
Constant pressure data at 1 atm (x, y are mole fractions of MeOH) Data used for integration
x y T (oC) ypred deltay^2 y/x line x
0 0 100 0 0 0 0
0.02 0.134 96.4 0.102 0.001032 1 interpolated value 0.01
0.04 0.23 93.5 0.188 0.00176 0.02
0.06 0.304 91.2 0.262 0.001774 0.04
0.08 0.365 89.3 0.326 0.001533 0.06
0.1 0.418 87.7 0.382 0.001311 0.08
0.15 0.517 84.4 0.495 0.000476 0.1
0.2 0.579 81.7 0.582 6.34E-06 0.15
0.3 0.665 78 0.704 0.001547 0.2
0.4 0.729 75.3 0.787 0.003421 0.3
0.5 0.779 73.1 0.848 0.004695 0.4
0.6 0.825 71.2 0.893 0.004611 0.5
0.7 0.87 69.3 0.928 0.003412 0.6
FEED TANK
WATER
BULK LIQUID
WATER, MeOH
x
i
VAPOUR
WATER,
MeOH
y
i
kLa

Antoine
UA
Heat in
HEADSPACE

t
res
0.8 0.915 67.6 0.957 0.001761 0.7
0.9 0.958 66 0.980 0.000502 0.8
0.95 0.979 65 0.991 0.000135 0.9
1 1 64.5 1 0 0.95
TOTAL = 2.797629 1
W = 1 kmol moles of material in the batch still
x
M, initial
= 1 - initial mole fraction methanol in liquid
x
M, final
= 0.01 - final mole fraction methanol in liquid
S/W = 1.47 - ratio of water added to moles of material in still
S = 1.47 kmol moles of water added from feed tank to batch still
W
water
= 0.99 kmol moles of water present in batch still at the end of distillation
V
water
= 0.48 kmol moles of water lost with methanol during distillation
Sanity check:
S/W (approx) = 1.64 - ratio of water added to moles of material in still
(assuming constant relative volatility)
Comment:
The constant relative volatility assumption is approximately correct and the ratio of S/W obtained is not terribly off
with an error of about 10% which is to be expected.
Data used for integration
y dx 1/y dA
0
0.067 0.01 14.92537 0.11194
0.134 0.01 7.462687 0.059053
0.23 0.02 4.347826 0.076373
0.304 0.02 3.289474 0.060292
0.365 0.02 2.739726 0.051321
0.418 0.02 2.392344 0.043266
0.517 0.05 1.934236 0.091534
0.579 0.05 1.727116 0.080772
0.665 0.1 1.503759 0.143775
0.729 0.1 1.371742 0.132772
0.779 0.1 1.283697 0.124791
0.825 0.1 1.212121 0.118077
0
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.7
0.8
0.9
1
0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1
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x, Liquid phase mole fraction of solvent #1
Reference Line Expt Data Const. Rel. Volatility
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
Data used for integration 1/y
0.87 0.1 1.149425 0.112116
0.915 0.1 1.092896 0.106837
0.958 0.1 1.043841 0.103265
0.979 0.05 1.02145 0.050536
1 1
moles of water present in batch still at the end of distillation
The constant relative volatility assumption is approximately correct and the ratio of S/W obtained is not terribly off
0
2
4
0 0.2 0.4 0.6
Data used for integration 1/y
0.8 1
Process: Solvent switching from methanol to water - Constant Level Distillation
Process Schematic
Process Description
A nonvolatile solute is dissolved in 1.0 kmol of methanol. We desire to switch the solvent to
water. Since the solution is concentrated, a first batch distillation to concentrate the solution
is not required. We desire to have the solute in a 1.0 kmol soltion that is 99.0 mol% water and
1.0 mol% methanol. We intend to do this by diluting and then distillation from
pure methanol (xM, initial = 1.0) to xM, final = 0.01.
What to Determine:
1) Moles of water added to the batch still
2) Moles of water evaporated with methanol in the distillate
VLE Data (Perry et. al., 1963, p13-5)
Constant relative volatility = 5.56
Constant pressure data at 1 atm (x, y are mole fractions of MeOH) Data used for integration
x y T (oC) ypred deltay^2 y/x line x
0 0 100 0 0 0 0
0.02 0.134 96.4 0.102 0.001032 1 interpolated value 0.01
0.04 0.23 93.5 0.188 0.00176 0.02
0.06 0.304 91.2 0.262 0.001774 0.04
0.08 0.365 89.3 0.326 0.001533 0.06
0.1 0.418 87.7 0.382 0.001311 0.08
0.15 0.517 84.4 0.495 0.000476 0.1
0.2 0.579 81.7 0.582 6.34E-06 0.15
0.3 0.665 78 0.704 0.001547 0.2
0.4 0.729 75.3 0.787 0.003421 0.3
0.5 0.779 73.1 0.848 0.004695 interpolated value 0.351
0.6 0.825 71.2 0.893 0.004611 0.4
0.7 0.87 69.3 0.928 0.003412 0.5
FEED TANK
WATER
BULK LIQUID
WATER, MeOH
x
i
VAPOUR
WATER,
MeOH
y
i
kLa

Antoine
UA
Heat in
HEADSPACE

t
res
0.8 0.915 67.6 0.957 0.001761 0.6
0.9 0.958 66 0.980 0.000502 0.7
0.95 0.979 65 0.991 0.000135 0.8
1 1 64.5 1 0 0.9
TOTAL SUM OF SQ ERRORS = 0.027976 0.95
1
W
0
= 1 kmol initial moles of methanol in the batch still
W = 1 kmol final moles of material in the batch still
S = 1.85 kmol moles of water added for dilution
x
M, initial
= 0.351 - initial mole fraction methanol in liquid
x
M, final
= 0.01 - final mole fraction methanol in liquid
Area = 1.05 -
W
calc
= 1.00 kmol calculated final moles of solvent in batch still
W
water
= 0.99 kmol moles of water present in batch still at the end of distillation
V
water
= 0.86 kmol moles of water lost with methanol during distillation
Sanity check (constant relative volatility case)
S = 2.27 kmol moles of water added for dilution
F = 3.27 kmol total initial moles in batch still
x
M, initial
= 0.306 - initial mole fraction methanol in liquid
RHS = -1.18 -
LHS = -1.18 -
OBJFUN = 0.00 -
Comment:
The constant relative volatility assumption is approximately correct and the value of S obtained is not terribly off
with an error of about 20% which is to be expected.
The dilution method + distilling method uses more fresh solvent than for the case of maintaining
a constant level in the batch still. Hence, the more efficient method in terms of material usage is
the constant level batch distilling.
Data used for integration
y dx 1/(y-x) dA
0
0.067 0.01 17.54386 0.131579
0.134 0.01 8.77193 0.070175
0.23 0.02 5.263158 0.093615
0.304 0.02 4.098361 0.076071
0.365 0.02 3.508772 0.066534
0.418 0.02 3.144654 0.058694
0.517 0.05 2.724796 0.134083
0.579 0.05 2.638522 0.134456
0.665 0.1 2.739726 0.28121
0.697561 0.050877 2.884469
0.729 0.1
0.779 0.1
0
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.7
0.8
0.9
1
0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1
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x, Liquid mole fraction of solvent #1
Reference Line Expt Data Const. Rel. Volatility
0.825 0.1
0.87 0.1
0.915 0.1
0.958 0.1
0.979 0.05
1
adjust this variable to achieve the desired
final moles of solvent in batch still
moles of water present in batch still at the end of distillation
The constant relative volatility assumption is approximately correct and the value of S obtained is not terribly off