Grammar Review

1
G R AM M AR RE VI E W
I. R E ASON
1.
Subordinators
2.
Prepositions
Subject +
Verb
(main
clause)
Subject +
Verb
bec
aus
e
sin
ce
as
seeing that Subect !
Verb no" that
in that
on the grounds
that
(subordinate clause)
#ecau
se o$
%ue
to
O"ing to ! Noun Phrase&
Gerund On account o$
On grounds o$
As a resu't& conse(uence o$
(prepositional phrases of reason)
). *onuncti+e
ad+erbs
,. Si-p'e
*onunctions
.. Verbs
Subject + Verb
(clause of
reason)
Subect !
Verb
(clause of
cause)
Subject +
Verb
(clause of
result)
Subect /Noun
Phrase0
A
. 1here$ore2 . 1hus2
. 3ence2
. As a resu't2
. As a conse(uence2 .
*onse(uent'42
. According'42
2 so
2 $or
*ause
5ead to
Resu't in
1rigger
/o$$0 1ouch
o$$ Gi+e
rise to
Subect ! Verb
(clause of
result)
Subject +
Verb (clause
of effect)
Subect !
Verb (clause
of reason)
Obect /Noun
Phrase0
#
=> # Result from
A Note6 Gerund is used after prepositions
only when the two subjects refer to ONE person.
Tuesday, September 25, 2012 blog:
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2
"". #$%#&SS"$%
1. Subordinators
A'though
1hough Subect ! Verb2 Subect !
Verb E+en though
(subordinate clause of concession) (main clause)
%o matter ho' + Ad&
Ad+ (o'e)er + Ad&
Ad+
Ad& Ad+ ! as
Subect !
Verb2
Subect !
Verb2
Subect ! Verb
Subect ! Verb
Exten s i on %o matter 'hat/ 'hate)er
%o matter 'h!ch/ 'h!che)er /S0 ! Verb2 Subect !
Verb %o matter 'ho/ 'hoe)er
%o matter 'here/ 'here)er Subect ! Verb2 Subect !
Verb %o matter 'hen/ 'hene)er
N ot e : Sometimes, though can be used in reduced form or at the end of the
subordinate clause with negative verbs
&.g. !ho u gh Susan !s not char-ing, *ohn head o)er heels
lo)es her. Susan !s not char-ing though, *ohn head
o)er heels lo)es her. Susan, though not charm!ng, '!ns
*ohn+s heart.
2. Prepositions
,esp!te ! Noun Phrases& the $act that Subect !
Verb2 "n sp!te o- ! Gerund /V7ing0/S18S202
(prepositional phrase of concession)
Subect ! Verb
(main clause)
%espite his little "nowledge of biotechno'og42 9ohn ga+e a con+incing
presentation. In spite o$ "nowing little about biotechno'og42 9ohn ga+e a
con+incing presentation.
%espite the fact that he "nows little about biotechno'og42 9ohn ga+e a con+incing
presentation.
).
*onuncti
+e
Ad+erbs
,. Si-p'e
conunctio
ns
Subect ! Verb
(clause of
concession)
Subect ! Verb
(clause of
concession)
. 3o"e+er2
. Nonethe'ess2
. Ne+erthe'ess2
. On the other hand2
2 but& 4et
Subect ! Verb
(main clause)
Subect ! Verb
(main clause)
.
PRA*1I*E 16 Complete the following sentences, using clauses or phrases of concession.
1 ,esp!te/ hea)y/ tra--!c/ 'e/ get/ con-erence/ t!me/ yesterday.
/0 ,esp!te the hea)y tra--!c, 'e got to the con-erence on t!me yesterday.
2 %o matter/ hea)!ly/ ra!n/ *ohn/ ma1e/ dec!s!on/ go h!1!ng/ . 'ee1s ago.
/0%o matter ho' hea)!ly ra!n, *ohn made a dec!s!on to go h!1!ng . 'ee1s ago.
. 2ar!a/ not ta1e/ e3ams/ last 'ee1/ though/ she/ spend/ a lot/ t!me/ re)!se/ lessons.
/02ar!a d!dn+t ta1e the e3ams last 'ee1 though, she spent a lot o- t!me re)!s!ng the
lessons.
4 *oe/ not get/ promot!on/ years/ e)en/ he/ 'or1/ de)otedly.
/0*oe has not get the promot!on -or years, e)en he 'or1ed de)otedly.
5 "n sp!te/ 1no'/ -act/ that/ eat -atty -ood/ not good/ health/, *oe/ encourage/ parents/ eat/ 5u!te/
-at.
/0"n sp!te o- 1no'!ng the -act that eat!ng -atty -ood !s not good -or heath, *oe encourages h!s
parent to eat 5u!te -at.
6 (umble as/ 7athy/, many/ her classmates/ not/ l!1e.
/0(umble as 7athy !s, many o- her classmates don+t l!1e.
8 %o matter/ you/ l!)e/, 'e/ support/ you.
/0%o matter 'here you l!)e, 'e '!ll support you.
9 Susan/ o-ten/ dr!n1/ h!gh -at m!l1/ although/ rather -at.
/0 Susan o-ten dr!n1s h!gh -at m!l1, although "t rather -at.
: %o matter/ he/ say/, 'e/ had better/ not/ trust.
/0%o matter 'hat he says, 'e had better not trust.
10 %o matter/ strong/ tornado/ . days ago/, 2!1e/ not/ cancel/ hang/gl!d!ng tr!p.
/0%o matter ho' strong the tornado !s . days ago, 2!1e doesn+t cancel the hang/gl!d!ng
tr!p.
11 "n sp!te/ hea)y/ thunderstorm/, they/ 1eep/ chase/ 'anted ban1 robbers/ -orest.
"n sp!te o- the hea)y thunderstorm, the 1eeps chas!ng the 'anted ban1 robbers !nto the
-orest.
12 Though/ ;eorge/ ser!ously/ !ll/ last month, 'e/ ha)e to/ carry on/ journey.
Though ;eorge 'as ser!ously !ll last month, 'e st!ll ha)e to carry on journey.
PRA*1I*E 26 Rewrite the following sentences as directed
1. <lthough *ohn 'or1ed )ery hard, he couldn+t earn enough to support h!s -am!ly.
=%o matter ho'> / %o matter ho' hard *ohn 'or1ed, he couldn+t earn enough to support h!s -am!ly.
= (ard as> / (ard as *ohn 'or1ed, , he couldn+t earn enough to support h!s -am!ly.
=,esp!te> / ,esp!te the -act that *ohn 'or1ed )ery hard, he couldn+t earn enough to support h!s
-am!ly.
2. "n sp!te o- h!s pat!ence, Ton! 'as unable to get the t!c1et -or h!s -a)or!te sho'.
=&)en though> / &)en though Ton! 'as pat!ence, he 'as unable to get the t!c1et -or h!s -a)or!te sho'.
=(o'e)er> / Ton! 'as pat!ence? ho'e)er he 'as unable to get the t!c1et -or h!s -a)or!te sho'.
=as> / @at!ent as Ton! !s, he 'as unable to get the t!c1et -or h!s -a)or!te sho'.
.. <lthough labor/sa)!ng de)!ces ha)e been de)eloped, 'omen are not totally l!berated -rom
house'or1. ="n sp!te o-> "n sp!te o- the de)elopment o- the labor/sa)!ng de)!ces, 'omen are not totally
l!berated -rom house'or1.
4. Tom got promot!on last month though he d!d not contr!bute much to the de)elopment o- the
company. =,esp!te> ,esp!te gett!ng the promot!on, Tom d!d not contr!bute much to the de)elopment o- the
company.
5. ,esp!te the sharp !ncrease o- 15 A !n the sales o- @eps! last month, @eps! #o. had to close
some outlets. =Though> Though the sharp !ncrease o- 15 A !n the sales o- @eps! last month, @eps! #o. had
to close some outlets.
6. "n sp!te o- the -act that the total turno)er decl!ned s!gn!-!cantly last 'ee1, all the sta-- had good
bonus. =,esp!te the ,esp!te the s!gn!-!cant that the total turno)er decl!ned s!gn!-!cantly last 'ee1, all the sta--
had good
s!gn!-!cant> bonus.
8. %o matter ho' strong (enry !s, he cannot l!-t the marble bench.
="n sp!te o-> "n sp!te o- strength, (enry cannot l!-t the marble bench.
=as> Strong as (enry !s, he cannot l!-t the marble bench
9. <lthough the unemployment rate has dropped remar1ably, the ;o)ernment has to create
more jobs. =,esp!te> ,esp!te the remar1able drop o- the unemployment rate, the ;o)ernment has to create
more jobs.
4
""". #$%,"T"$%
1. 14pe 1 resent or !uture possible condition "#i u $i n c% tht
hi n t i hoc c% th & y ra trong t n g lai'
I$
Pro+ided
that
Pro+iding
that
Subject + V1
/es&s02
(present simple)
Subject + Wi'' Verb
(future simple)
As 'ong as
N ote 6 "- Bnot C DnlessB C V.bare phrase, or Subject + E!ll Verb
"- B C <s long as C @ro)!ded/ pro)!d!ng thatBC V.bare phrase, and Subject +
E!ll Verb
I$ you don:t get up early, you '!ll be late -or
school. ;n'ess you get up early, you '!ll be late
-or school. Get up early2 or you '!ll be late -or
school.
2. 14pe 2 )nreal condition at present => e&press a desire, a piece of suggestion*
ad+ice =#i u $i n $h,ng c% th t hi n ti, di n t s $hao $h-t ho c
l i $huy.n, / ngh ' I$
Pro+ided that Subject + V2 /ed0& "ere2 Subject + Wou'd
Verb Pro+iding that
As 'ong as
Em p h a s is0 I $ Eere Subject B, Subject + Eould
Verb I$ ,!d Subject + VerbB, Subject + Eould
Verb
(omitted) (inversion)
"- " 'ere your mother, " 'ould not argue '!th that
guy. 1ere 2 #our mother, " 'ould not argue '!th that
guy. "- " had '!ngs, " 'ould -ly to you r!ght a'ay.
%id I ha+e '!ngs, " 'ould -ly to you r!ght a'ay.
N ote 6 Subject + V1 /es&s0< . #ut $or that2 Subject + Wou'd
Verb (present simple) . Other"ise2
*ohn he'ps me '!th my house'or1. #ut $or that, " "ou'd not $u'$i'' my job.
). 14pe ) )nreal condition in the past => e&press a regret, an e&cuse
=#i u $i n $h,ng c% th t 3u- $h , di n t s hi tic, s
bi n minh' I$
Pro+ided that Subject + 3ad V) /ed02 Subject + Wou'd 3a+e V)
/ed0 Pro+iding that
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As 'ong as
Em p ha s is0 I $ 3ad Subect ! V) /ed0<2 Subject + Wou'd 3a+e
V)=ed> (omitted) (inversion)
"- you had ta=en 4our mother+s ad)!ce, you 'ould not ha)e lost the
game. 4ad you ta$en #our mother$s advice, you 'ould not ha)e lost
the game.
N ote 6 Subject + V2/ed0< . #ut $or that2 Subject + Wou'd 3a+e !
Verb (past simple) . Other"ise2
*ohn he'ped me '!th my house'or1. #ut $or that, " "ou'd not ha+e $u'$i''ed my
job.
P R A*1I*E 1 : %ewrite the following sentences
01 *ul!e d!d not 1no' that you 'ere !ll, so she d!d not call on you.
<s long as
BBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBB
BBBBBBBBBB. 02 $rtega usually neglects h!s study. $ther'!se, he 'ould ha)e better
scores.
@ro)!ded that
BBBBBBBB 0. Dnless your brother comes here tomorro', 'e '!ll lea)e -or Fondon '!thout
h!m.
"-
BBBBBBBBBBBBBBB. 04 " 'ould not ha)e cancelled my h!1!ng tr!p pro)!d!ng that !t had not
ra!ned hea)!ly.
(adn+t !t
BBBBBBBBBB... 05 "- you don+t try your best, you '!ll be le-t beh!nd.
Try your
bestBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBB
BBBBBBBBBB 06 2!chael 'or1ed laG!ly. Hut -or that, he 'ould ha)e completed the project
on schedule.
(ad 2!chael
BBBBBBBB.. 08 "- you add some soup po'der !nto the sauce, you '!ll ha)e a s!mple, but tasty
d!sh.
<dd some soup po'der
BB 09 7athy 'ould ha)e accepted your proposal !- you had tal1ed to her !n person.
@ro)!d!ng that
BBBBBBB. 0: "- " 'ere a healthy man, " 'ould jo!n the army.
Eere
BBBBBBBBBBBB.. 10 Iobert 'ould not be so lonely as long as he had some brothers.
,!d
BBBBBBBBBBBBB.. 11 "- the sea le)el r!ses, thousands o- people '!ll ha)e to e)acuate
-rom th!s coastal to'n.
Thousands o- people '!ll ha)e to e)acuate -rom th!s coastal to'n pro)!ded
BBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBB.. 12 "- !t doesn+t ra!n tomorro', 'e '!ll go hand/gl!d!ng.
Dnless
BBBBBBBBBBBB 1. Jranco!se d!d not go to school yesterday. Hut -or that, he 'ould ha)e
1no'n that 2rs. Hro'n 'as !ll.
@ro)!ded that
BBBBBBB.. 14 Subm!t your appl!cat!on no', or you 'on+t be granted a job !nter)!e'.
Dnless
BBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBB
BBBBBBBBBBBBB
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P R A*1I*E 2 6 &omplete the following sentences
15 "- !t doesn+t stop sno'!ng tomorro',
BBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBB.. 16
@ro)!ded that you ate less
BBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBB
18 (er l!-e m!ght ha)e been sa)ed !-
BBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBB 19"- you
tr!ed to cl!mb !t '!thout a
gu!deBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBB 1: (e
'ould ha)e been dro'ned !-
BBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBB 20The
grass 'ould loo1 better as long as
BBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBB.. 21 "- the r!)er r!ses
any h!gher
BBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBB. 22
Th!s cloc1 'ouldnKt ha)e run do'n pro)!d!ng that
BBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBB
IV. *A;SE AN% E>>E*1
1. 1oo Ad& Ad+ LuM BN n n! mOB=h?ng thB
Subect ! Verb ! too Ad& Ad+ ! to V7in$initi+e
e.g. Tom !s too wea" to move the cupboard. Susan
spo"e too fast (for us) to understand.
2. So& such<that< LuM BN n n! mOB
Subect ! Verb ! so ad& ad+ that Subect ! Moda' ! Verb
Subect ! Verb + such /a&an0 ad noun that Subect ! Moda' ! Verb =b
Pa&anQ 1h! N! trc
Puncount&p'ura' nounQ>
e.g. Tom is so wea" that he can+t l!-t the cupboard.
Tom is such a wea" bo# that he can+t l!-t the cupboard.
N ote : V ! P -an4& -uchQ < so -an4 N /p'ura'0 that<
< so -uch N /uncountab'e0 that<
C0 < such a 'ot o$ noun that<
e.g. There 'as so much traffic in the street that 'e 'ere held up -or hal- an hour.
There 'as such a lot of traffic in the street that 'e 'ere held up -or hal- an hour.
). Enough BN BN B
Subect ! Verb ! ad&ad+ ! enough ! to V7in$initi+e !
enough ! noun
e.g. Tom is not strong enough to lift the cupboard. Ee
didn5t ha+e enough money to buy that house.
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PRA*1I*E6 Complete the following sentences, using clauses or phrases of
causes 6 effects. 1 2y grandpa/ so 'ea1/ he/ play/ sports/ any longer.
BBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBB
BBBBBBBBBBBBBBBB.. 2 %am/ too/ -ast/ get r!d/ old man/ cross/ the street.
BBBBBBBBBBBBBBBB.. . 2ar!a/ not/ 'or1/ hard/ enough/ pass/ e3ams/ last
'ee1.
BBBBBBBBBBBBBBBB.. 4 *oe/ such/ arrogant/ that/ nobody/ l!1e/ h!m.
BBBBBBBBBBBBBBBB.. 5 Focal ch!ldren/ poor/ that/ ne)er/ see/ a toy car.
BBBBBBBBBBBBBBBB.. 6 (enry/ not !ntell!gent/ enough/ sol)e/ math e3erc!se/
e--ect!)ely.
BBBBBBBBBBBBBBBB.. 8 %aom!/ not dance/ beaut!-ully/ '!n/ e3am!ners+ heart.
BBBBBBBBBBBBBBBB.. 9 Susan Hoyle/ s!ng/ so beaut!-ully/ '!n/ heart/ m!ll!ons/
aud!ence.
BBBBBBBBBBBBBBBB.. : ;eorge/ spea1/ *apanese/ -luently/ that/ surpr!se/ all/
us.
BBBBBBBBBBBBBBBB.. 10 2ar!a and ,a)!d/ such/ e3cellent/ students/ they/ '!n/
most/ gold medals.
BBBBBBBBBBBBBBBB.. 11 Iosa/ 'or1/ too/ hard/ drag/ legs/ home.
BBBBBBBBBBBBBBBB.. 12 Earehouse/ too small/ store/ all/ old -urn!ture.
BBBBBBBBBBBBBBBB.. V. *A;SA1IVE /13 N3 0
1. 1O 3AVE <ct!)e: Subject + =(<V&> + PdoerQ + V. bare + Obect.
@ass!)e: Subject + =(<V&> + Obect + V./ed.
*ohn had a plumber $i@ the 'ater p!pe yesterday.
*ohn had the water pipe $i@ed yesterday.
2. 1O GE1 <ct!)e: Subject + =;&T> + PdoerQ + to V7 in$initi+e + Obect.
@ass!)e: Subject + =;&T> + Obect + V./ed.
*ohn got a plumber to $i@ the 'ater p!pe yesterday.
*ohn got the water pipe $i@ed yesterday.
). WAN1& <ct!)e: Subject + ='ant/ 'ould l!1e> + PdoerQ + to V7 in$initi+e + Obect.
WO;5% 5IAE @ass!)e: Subject + ='ant/ 'ould l!1e> + Obect + V./ed.
*ohn 'anted us to type the report by 4 @.2.
*ohn 'anted the report typed by 4 @.2.
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PRA*1I*E6 &omplete the following sentences, using &ausative
'orms 1 2ar1/ ha)e/ house/ demol!sh/ day/ yesterday
BBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBB 2 ;eorge/ usually/ get/ aunt/ 1eep an eye/ house
BBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBB . 2y parents/ ha)e/ ta3! dr!)er/ dr!)e/ Stonehenge/ last Saturday.
BBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBB 4 Ehy don+t you/ get/ car/ ser)!ceR
BBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBB.. 5 Ee/ get/ l!)!ng room/ redecorate/ ne3t 2onday.
BBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBB.. 6 "/ ha)e/ case/ !n)est!gate/ r!ght a'ay.
BBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBB.. 8 Ee/ ha)e/ ma!d/ ta1e care/ son/ s!nce/ he/ born
BBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBB.. 9 Ehere/ you/ ha)e/ s1!rt/ ma1eR
BBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBB.. : (enry/get/ secretary/ type/ report/ be-ore/ he/ lea)e/ yesterday.
BBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBB.. 10 Sou/ha)e/ ch!ldren/ ta1e/ school/ yetR
BBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBB.. 11 (o' o-ten/ parents/ get/ la'n/ mo'R
BBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBB. 12 "/ get/ #hr!stmas tree/ decorate/ by the t!me/ you/ come
home/ tomorro' n!ght.
BBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBB.. 1. *ohn, together / -r!ends,/ hardly/ get/ room/ clean/ as/ they/ clean/
themsel)es
BBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBB. 14 2y brother/!n/la'/prom!se/ ha)e/ b!1e/ repa!r
BBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBB. 15 "+d l!1e/ car/repa!nt/ end/ th!s/ month.
BBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBB.. 16 Sou/ ha)e/ mechan!c/ repa!r/ car/ yetR
BBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBB. 18 They/ 'ant/ study/ pa!nt/ royal blue.
BBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBB.. 19 Ee/ get/ a babys!tter/ ta1e/ care/ l!ttle daughter.
BBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBB. 1: *oe/ '!th/ old -r!end/ usually ha)e/ ta3! dr!)er/ ta1e/ school.
BBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBB. 20 2ar!a/ =Td> l!1e/ report/ type/ three languages.
BBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBB
BBBBBBBBBBBBBBBB.
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:
VI. P;RPOSE
1. Subordinators
Subject + Verb so that + Subject + 2odal + Verb
in order that
/ Sus!e is wor"ing hard on the project so that she can finish !t on schedule.
/ 7athy removed her des1 to the corner in order that she would have more space -or a
cab!net. / *oe spo1e loudly so that 'e could understand h!m.
2. Prepositions
Subject + Verb In order /$or Sb0 /not0 to V/!n-!n!t!)e
So as /$or sb0 /not0 to
to
V/!n-!n!t!)e
V/!n-!n!t!)e
/ Sus!e is wor"ing hard on the project so as to finish !t on schedule.
/ 7athy removed her des1 to the corner in order to have more space -or a
cab!net. / *oe spo1e loudly in order /$or us0 to understand h!m.
PRA*1I*E 16 Complete the following sentences, using clauses or phrases of
purpose. 1 Fast month, Sue/ bu!ld/ 'arehouse/ bac1 yard/ so that/ 1eep/
charcoal.
BBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBB
BBBBBBBBBBBBBBB.. 2 2y grandparents/ g!)e/ aunt/ U150,000.00/ order that/
buy/ ne' apartment.
BBBBBBBBBBBBBBB.. . < br!dge/ currently/ bu!ld/ %ad!a r!)er/ that/ local ch!ldren/
go/ school/ eas!ly.
BBBBBBBBBBBBBBB.. 4 *ohn/together/close -r!ends/ already/ ra!se/ -und/
U250,000.00/ so as/ help/ local d!sables.
BBBBBBBBBBBBBBB.. 5 Ioyce / 'ell as/ parents/ contr!bute/ U25,000.00/ char!ty/
order to/ help/ local orphans.
BBBBBBBBBBBBBBB.. 6 Focal pol!ce/ just/ ma1e/ a publ!c announcement/so that/
local !nhab!tants/ recogn!Ge/ 'anted
1!dnappers.
BBBBBBBBBBBBBBB..
8 Hoard/ management/ a dec!s!on/ upgrade/ assembly l!ne/ so as/ !mpro)e/ product!)!ty.
BBBBBBBBBBBBBBB..
9 School pr!nc!pal/ dec!de/ ha)e/ ne' laboratory/ !nstall/ order that/ students/ ha)e/ better/
access/ pract!cal e3per!ments.
BBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBB
BBBBBBBBBBBBBB..
: Focal go)ernor/ just/ !n)est/ much/ road repa!rs/ so as/ !mpro)e/ local transport system.
BBBBBBBBBBBBBBB..
10 There/ m!sconcept!on that/ elderly/ people/ do/ hea)y e3erc!se/ order to/ 1eep/ shape.
BBBBBBBBBBBBBBB..
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PRA*1I*E 26 7ranslate into English.
1 #Mch NVy ha! ngOy, anh h c a tW! ch t b tt c cVy 3anh )n nhO anh y N 3Vy m t sVn bXng
m!n!.
BBBBBBBBBB..
2 ,a)!d cYng )O! Na b n c a nX Nang h c t p ch Zm ch N )t 5ua 1[ th! tuy n )Oo I2"T )Oo
thMng sau.
BBBBBBBBB..
. \ ch! n th ng trong tr n N u )! Fe'!s, 7l!tcho N] m t 6 thMng t p luy n ) t )] )! chuy^n g!a c a
anh y.
BBBBBBBBBBB..
4 #h_ng tW! Nang nh n g! s n l! cZn nhO c` N bMn N c g !M tt h n.
BBBBBBBBBBBBBBB..
5 \ chu n b tt cho cuc ph ng ) n 3!n )! c )Oo th 8 tu n tr c, 2ar!a N] ph! Nc r t n h!u
sMch.
BBBBBBBBBBBBBB..
6 (ng d n )!^n du l ch th ng ph ! nX! N c at nh t 2 ngo ! ng N hng d n N c to ur
5u c t .
BBBBBBBBBBBBBB..
8 bng c a tW! t p th d c m! bu! sMng N c ! th!n s d o da ! !/ l!nh hot.
BBBBBBBBBBBBBBB..
9 Fuc!a ) a " m! NZng 1c h c aerob!c N g! dMng.
BBBBBBBBBBBBBBB..
: S!nh )!^n n^n NZng 1c hc cMc 1hXa 1 nZng # PmmQ N NMp ng t t nhu c u tu yn dng.
BBBBBBBBBBBBBBB..
10 Hobby N] 5uy t N nh g!m g!M N bMn mMy laptop c` ca anh y cOng nhanh cOng t t.
BBBBBBBBBBBBBBB..
VII. *OMPARISON
E(ualities
/ S1 ! VER# /t"ice& three ti-es<0 ! AS ad.& ad+. AS ! S2 !
/Au@.Verb0 e.g. : 2y -ather earns =three t!mes> as much as yours.
/ As -an4 NBp'u.C ! VER# <As NBp'u.C
e.g. : <s many schoolboys l!1e computer games as
schoolg!rls. / As -uch NBnoncountC ! VER# <As
NBnoncountC
e.g. : <s much r!ce 'as e3ported to the @h!l!pp!nes as !t 'as to "nd!a !n 2008.
&omparatives
/ S1 ! VER# /$ar& -uch<0 Ad7Er& Ad+7Er 13AN S2 ! /Au@.Verb0
e.g. : The !n)estment !n te3t!le products 'as =-ar> hea)!er than that !n agr!cultural ones !n
200:. / S1 ! VER# /$ar& -uch<0 More Ad& Ad+ 13AN S2 ! /Au@.Verb0
e.g. : 2y brother !s =much> more humorous than " am.
Superlatives
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/ S ! VER# ! 13E /$irst& second<0 ! A%9& A%V7 Est <
e.g. : Th!erry !s the =second> n!cest man " ha)e e)er
met. / S ! VER# ! 13E /$irst& second<0 ! -ost A%9&
A%V<
e.g. : *ohn used to be the most !ntell!gent student !n my
school. / S ! VER# ! 13E 'east ! A%9& A%V<
e.g. : Susan seems to be the least aggress!)e lady among those lad!es stand!ng
o)er there. &omplex comparison
/ Sa-e adecti+es& ad+erbs
8h o rt
ad j*a d + 0
9o n g ad j *
a d + 0
Subject +
Verb
Subject +
Verb
+ ad& ad+7ER and ad& ad+7ER
+ -ore and -ore adj/ ad)
/ 2y mother !s gett!ng -ore and -ore beauti$u'.
/ Sour son !s =gett!ng> ta''er and ta''er. (o' tall !s he, *ac1R
/ %i$$erent adecti+es& ad+erbs
8h o rt
ad j*a d + 0
9o n g ad j *
a d + 0
1he ad& ad+7ER + Subject +
Verb,
1he -ore ad& ad+ +Subject +
Verb,
the ad& ad+7ER + Subject + Verb
the -ore ad& ad+ +Subject + Verb
/ 1he o'der my grandpa !s, the "ea=er he !s.
/ 1he -ore beauti$u' *ul!e !s, the -ore arrogant she !s.
Note:
N o un s0 !he more ) noun (u)or (p*c) Sub ! Verb, the more ) noun (u)or (p*c) Sub ! Verb,
!he
fewer
!he less
) noun
(c)
) noun
(u)
the
fewer
the less
) noun (c)
) noun (u)
Prac tic e 1 0 Complete the following sentences, using CO:;R28ON.
01 <s many/ sheep/ sell/ <ustral!a/ 1::0/as/horses.
BBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBB
BBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBB
02 %umber/ people/ !n-ected/ s'!ne -lu/ V!etnam/ last 'ee1/ t'!ce/ h!gh/ as/ 2010.
BBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBB
0. Iate / d!)orce/underde)eloped countr!es/ !ncl!ne/ slo'ly/ than/ de)elop!ng countr!es.
BBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBB
04 F!-e e3pectancy/ V!etnamese/ no'/ 2 years/ h!gh/ . years ago.
BBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBB
05 Susan/ tendency/ spend/ -ar/much/ -ash!on/ than/ educat!on.
BBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBB
06 Faos/ ha)e/ h!gh/ !ll!teracy rate/among/ three ne!ghbor!ng countr!es/ V!etnam/ Faos/#ambod!a.
BBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBB
08 Luant!ty/ -urn!ture/ !mport/ HraG!l/ last year/ large/ th!s year.
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BBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBB 09 Te3t!le products/ ma1e up/ lo'/ percentage/ 20A / year.
BBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBB 0: I!ce e3port/ ma1e/ large/ contr!but!on/ 2.5 b!ll!on DS dollars/
the ;,@/, 'hereas/ hand!cra-t products/
contr!bute/ small/ proport!on/ 0.5 DS dollars.
BBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBB
BBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBB
10 <s / houses/ damage/ Tsunam!/ *apan/ 2 'ee1s ago/ as/ 2 atom!c bombs/ 2
nd
'orld 'ar.
BBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBB
Prac tic e 2 0 Rewrite the following sentences, using CO:;R28ON.
11 Fast year, *ohn d!d not earn as much as he does no'.
BBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBB
12 %obody !n my class can spea1 Span!sh as -luently as %aom!.
BBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBB
1. ;eorge !s $ar stronger than 2ar1.
BBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBB
14 2ar!a !s the most bene)olent lady " ha)e e)er 1no'n.
BBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBB
15 The number o- !nternat!onal employees 'or1!ng !n *apan !s as h!gh as that !n S!ngapore.
BBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBB
16 The amount o- money !n)ested !n ra!l'ay systems !s usually as h!gh as that !n bus systems.
BBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBB
18 2ar1 !s older than h!s cous!n by 4 years.
BBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBB
19 ,a)!d 'as not as humorous as he !s no'.
BBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBB
1: %one o- my schoolmates !s as dynam!c as Terry.
BBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBB
20 Sm!th has . n!eces more than " do.
BBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBB
Prac tic e ) 6 Complete the following sentences, using CO:;R28ON.
01 <s many/ boys/ learn/ ho'/ ma1e/ cream ca1es/ g!rls/ last *une.
BBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBB
02 %umber/ people/ su--er/ Tsunam!/ *apan/ 2 'ee1s ago/ t'!ce/ h!gh/ as/ #uba/ 1:86.
BBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBB
0. Iate / ju)en!le cr!me/currently/ !ncl!ne/ -ast/ than/ m!ddle/aged cr!me.
BBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBB
04 Dnemployment/ rate/ no'/ much/ lo'/ than/ 10 years ago.
BBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBB
05 Focal go)ernment/ recently/ !n)est/ -ar/ much/ !n-rastructure/ than/ used to.
BBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBB
06 "ll!teracy rate/ Faos/ three t!mes/ h!gh/ #ambod!a.
BBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBB
08 F!)!ng cost/ S!ngapore/ not/ lo'/ as/ V!etnam.
BBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBB
09 <gr!cultural products/ ma1e up/ h!gh/ percentage/ 80A.
BBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBB
0: I!ce e3port/ ma1e/ large/ contr!but!on/ the ;,@/ than cashe' e3port/, 20A/ to/ 18A.
BBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBB
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10 <s much/ st!c1y r!ce/ e3port/ South <-r!ca/ as/ "ra5.
BBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBB
P R A*1I*E , 0 Rewrite the following sentences, using
CO:;R28ON. 11 Fast year, *ohn earned -ar more than he
does no'.
BBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBB 12 %obody can s!ng as beaut!-ully as 2!chael.
BBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBB 1. ;eorge !s ) =i'os hea)!er than 2ar1.
BBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBB 14 2athe' 'as the most amb!t!ous man that " had e)er
1no'n.
BBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBB 15 The number o- photocop!ers !mported -rom *apan 'as
as h!gh as that -rom S!ngapore last year.
BBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBB 16 The amount o- o!l 'h!ch 'as !llegally e3ported to
#ambod!a last month 'as as h!gh as that !n 200:.
BBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBB 18 2y -ormer boss !s not as humorous as the current
one.
BBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBB 19 ,a)e earns 2000 DS dollars a month, 'hereas h!s
'!-e earns 1000 DS dollars.
BBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBB 1: %one o- my -r!ends sol)ed the math e3erc!se as
5u!c1ly as *ul!e.
BBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBB 20 (enry has 2 s!sters. Susan has 5 s!sters.
BBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBB
BBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBB
21 <s many people d!ed !n the Tsunam! !n *apan 2 'ee1s ago as those passed a'ay !n @u1et,
Tha!land !n 200:.
BBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBB
22 The 5uant!ty o- money 'h!ch 'as stolen -rom the sa-e last 'ee1 'as as large as that last year.
P R A*1I*E . : Translate !nto &ngl!sh
1. %g ! ta thng cho r ng $ cOng lOm )!c t n t y, ch_ng ta cOng cX nh!u c h ! thZng t!n.
BBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBB
2. Theo tW!, cOng l N nh, % cWng nhVn cOng d% b t a! nn.
BBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBB
.. Theo m t s c h n g c 1h oa hc g n NVy, trM! N t Nang ngOy cOng nXng hn.
BBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBB
4. bng bO ch_ng ta thng nX!, Pch_ng ta cOng nuWng ch! u con cM!, ch_ng cOng h hngQ.
BBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBB
5. Th t 1 hX ph n h n th c t lO g!! tr! bVy g! ngOy cOng manh N n g.
BBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBB
6. Tht tdnh mO nX!, tW! nh n th y b n thVn mdnh ngOy cOng N!m tenh.
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BBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBB
8. T n N My lfng mdnh, tW! c m th y 1hWng c n th! t ph ! g!_p N& 2ar!a na N n g!n )d cW y cOng l_c
cOng 1!^u cZng.
BBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBB
9. (y ) ng b n 1hWng ph! n, nh n g ch_ng tW! nh n th y b n cOng ngOy cOng ch n h.
BBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBB Thc t, cu c s ng cO ng g!an nan, ch_ng ta cOng cX N ng
lc N ch!nh ph c nX.
BBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBB
:. (y ) ng b n 1hWng ph! n cVu h! ng ngn c a tW!, nh n g cX ph! b n Nang ngOy cOng m p h n.
BBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBB
10. %X! chung, cOng c gng th h! n =1h oe 1hoang>, ch_ng ta cOng m t nh! u b n bg hn.
11. Thc t cho th y r$ng, cOng Zn ung N! u N , ch_ ng ta cOng 1h e h n.
BBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBB
12. Theo tW! N c b! t, g!M )Ong Nang g!m ngOy cOng m nh .
BBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBB
1.. H! u N' cho thy b!^n N l]! ngOy cOng r ng h n.
BBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBB
14. Theo cMc n!^m yt c a n gVn hOng trung ng, cMc t( g!M h! NoM! 1hWng cfn dao Nng m nh n h
trc.
BBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBB
VIII. RE5A1IVE
*5A;SE 1.
,e-!n!t!ons
/ Restricti+e : an adject!)e clause mod!-y!ng an inde$inite noun
e.g. / A -an !s -rom a Jar &ast country. (e !s 'ear!ng a smart grey
su!t. =indefinite noun>
The man who is wearing a smart grey suit !s -rom a Jar &ast
country. restrictive relative clause
/ No n 7 Res tr icti+e : an adject!)e clause mod!-y!ng a de$inite noun
=+ non,restrictive relative clause is alwa#s separated from the main
clause b# one or two commas)
#obb 4 has just come bac1 -rom the D7. ( ! s '!-e !s a -amous
sc!ent!st. =definite noun>
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e.g. Hobby2 "hose "i$e is a $a-ous scientist2 has just come bac1 -rom
the D7. non,restrictive relative clause
2. Re'ati+e pronouns&Adecti+e& Ad+erbs.
8ubject Object ossessi+e
;dj
;d+erb
erson E($ E($2 E($S& h
7hing E("#( E("#( E($S&
T(& %$D% $J
E("#(
h
lace E("#( E("#( E($S& E(&I& C =prep> +
E("#(
7ime h h h E(&% C =prep> +
E("#(
Reason h h h E(S C J$I E("#(
; S A G E O > D 1 3A 1 E
/ PThatQ cX th N c dYng N thay c ho P'ho, 'hom, 'h!chQ trong m nh N 5 uan h g !!
h n =rest r!ct!)e relat!)e clause>.
9 u <0 + 1hWng chuyn g!! t" l^n trc PthatQ
The man to whom #ou tal"ed yesterday !s an
arch!tect. The man that #ou tal"ed to yesterday !s an
arch!tect.
+ cX th b Ptha tQ 1h! nX lO PobjectQ trong mnh N 5 uan
h . The man =that> #ou tal"ed to yesterday !s an arch!tect.
/ PH t b ucQ dYng PthatQ thay cho P'ho, 'hom, 'h!chQ 1h! m nh N 5uan h b nghea cho
cMc danh t cX N c " N!m sau:
+ ,anh t t p h p " ng ! )O )t.
&.g. The man and the don1ey that 'e sa' yesterday are -rom 2!ddle/ &ast.
+ ,anh t N c " b ng hea b ! 1 tanh t so " sMnh nht.
&.g. 7athy !s the most cha rm ! ng g!rl that " ha)e e)er met.
+ ,anh t N c " ch N nh b ! m t s N nh l ng t n " h: only, 5u!te a -e',
se)eralB &.g. Jranco!se !s the on ly man that " can trust.
+ %h n m nh danh t"/ N! t ch " ng: It /be0 so-ebod4 that + VerbB: chanh
a! NXB &.g. "t !s ;orge that bro1e the )ase o- -lo'er.
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Part ic ' e a n d P re p osi tio n F
F u c: P@art!cleQ lO t " b phn c a Pphras al )erbQ n^n 1hWng N c tMch ra 1h ! Nng t cha " nh N
chuy n ra tr c Prelat!)e pronounQ. %gc l!, ta ph! chuy n Pprepos!t!onQ ra tr c cMc Prelat!)e
pronounQ nh P'hom )O 'h!chQ, ngo ! t r Ptha " tQ.
&.g. The l!ttle boy 'hom " too= care o$ 2 years ago !s no' an act!)e 6/year/
old boy. The beaut!-ul g!rl to 'hom 'e tal1ed at Hob+s party !s my
ne!ghbor.
The beaut!-ul g!rl that 'e tal1ed to at Hob+s party !s my ne!ghbor.
PRA*1I*E 16 &ombine the following pairs of sentences, using %elative &lause
01 ,on+t you remember the lady !n -ort!esR Ee called on her 6 months ago.
BBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBB.
02 The car !s -or sale. "ts '!ndscreen has already been replaced.
0. @enang !s a beaut!-ul coastal to'n. 2y aunt !s l!)!ng '!th her -!anci !n @enang.
04 %e' Sor1 !s cons!dered as a melt!ng pot/ a 2etropol!tan c!ty. %e' Sor1 co)ers an area o- 8:0 s5uare
1!lometers.
05 7athy has been abandoned s!nce she 'as a l!ttle g!rl. She 'as born to a poor -am!ly.
06 2y n!ece/!n/la' has just graduated '!th honor -rom (ar)ard Dn!)ers!ty. <n anonymous nun brought her
up.
08 Sou bought me a n!ce present. Than1 you )ery much -or that present.
09 " ran !nto you on the day. (ardly can " -orget that day.
0: < car crashed !nto a 5ueue o- people yesterday. T'o o- them 'ere only 8 years o- age.
10 The man loo1s 'ea1. (e has a pale comple3!on. (e has just le-t the cl!n!c a -e' m!nutes ago. (e donates
h!s blood to sa)e pat!ents at least . t!mes a year.
BBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBB
BBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBB
11 " used to -all !n lo)e '!th ,a!sy. ,a!sy !s a charm!ng and sens!ble lady. She !s no' my ne3t/door
ne!ghbor.
12 The man '!th a b!g moustache !s a ne' comer !n th!s to'n. (!s son !s a help-ul pol!ceman.
1. Sus!e !s the most bene)olent lady. " ha)e ne)er 1no'n a more bene)olent lady than she !s.
14 (enry has three lo)ely pet dogs. $ne o- them !s -rom (a'a!!.
15 ,on+t s!t on the des1. $ne o- !ts legs !s bro1en. "t !s made o- 'ood.
16 The young man loo1s romant!c. (e has a sm!l!ng s5uare -ace. (e !s a p!an!st !ndeed.
18 Sou let me do'n -or the reason. " do care -or the reason.
19 "t !s 2ar!a. 2ar!a stole your toy car.
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18
BBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBB. 1: *ac1 !s the only person. (e can help you out '!th th!s
-!nanc!al problem.
BBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBB 202athemat!cs !s a compulsory school subject !n my
country. " 'as really bad at 2athemat!cs.
BBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBB 21 #onan ,oyle 'rote the used/to/be best seller named
Sherloc1 (omes. #onan ,oyle !s a -amous <mer!can 'r!ter.
BBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBB P R A*1I*E 2 6 Combine the following sentences, using
Relati+e Clauses
1 The mangoes are )ery -resh and del!c!ous.
Dncle Tom bought them on h!s tr!p to the countrys!de last 'ee1.
2 ,o you remember a small )!llage by the streamR Ee )!s!ted !t on our tour o- 7onTum.
. 7onTum !s a beaut!-ul h!ghland pro)!nce. " 'as born there.
BBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBB..
4 The old man '!th a b!g beard !s a )ery help-ul rural person. (!s son !s our classmate.
5 The to'n !s surrounded '!th open -!elds and a net o- canals. 2y aunt !s l!)!ng !n that to'n
6 " 'ant to 1no' the reasons. Sou le-t (#2 c!ty -or th!s remote rural area -or these reasons.
8 ,alat !s the most beaut!-ul h!ghland c!ty. " ha)e e)er seen !t.
9 (ung Vuong @ar1son @laGa !s one o- the b!ggest shopp!ng malls. "t !s located !n d!str!ct 5.
: " '!ll ne)er -orget the day. " came to (#2 c!ty -or the -!rst t!me on that day.
10 The PruralQ man has been ass!gned to be a un!)ers!ty pr!nc!pal. (e tal1ed to you yesterday.
IG. NO;N P3RASE
%eter-iner Pre7-odi$ier 3ead noun Post7-odi$ier
Pre7
det.
%et. Post7
det. + s!mple
adject!)e
+ s!mple noun + prepos!t!onal
phrase
Some
o-
+ the/a/an -!rst/
second
<ny o-
<ll o-
$ne o-
&ach o-
2any
o-
+ my/ your/ h!sB
+ th!s/ that/ these...
+ a pa!r o-/
many/anyB
+ a lot o-/ plenty o-B
+ @eter+s/ 2ar!a+s
t'o/ three
+
compoun
d
adject!)e
+
compoun
d noun
+ Ielat!)e clause
19
2uch o- + t'o/ three/ -ourB
T'o o-
+ most/ -e'/ a
-e'B
%one o-
+ adject!)al
1. op!n!on
+ Ieduced -orms o-
a relat!)e clause
2ost o- 2. s!Ge
.. age / @ast part!c!ple
4. Shape
5. #olor
6. $r!g!n
8. 2ater!al
/ @resent
@art!c!ple
/ To !n-!n!t!)e
phrase
@I<#T"#&: Iearrange the g!)en 'ords to complete %$D% @(I<S&S.
01 one/ old/ houses/ beaut!-ul/ 'ooden/ o-/ calm/ by/ the/ the/ la1e
BBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBB.
02 young/ the/ tall/ good/loo1!ng/ by/ pool/ the/ stand!ng/ man/ s'!mm!ng
BBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBB.
0. most/ m!ddle/aged/ aggress!)e/ the/ #h!nese/ 'oman/ dar1/ '!th/ ha!r/long/ stra!ght
BBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBB.
04 -urn!ture/ )aluable/ 'ooden/ my/ old/ grandparent+s/ the/ placed/ sacred/ room/ altar/!n
BBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBB.
05 t'o/ reports/ type/ o-/ !mportant/ th!s/ the/ most/ to/ a-ternoon
BBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBB.
06 some/ 1!dnapped/ teenaged/ homeless/ g!rls/ group/ by/ gangster/ three/ a/ ago/ days/
"tal!an
BBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBB.
08 toy/ #h!nese/ plast!c/ n!ce/ brand/ne'/ and/ rubber/ cars/ our
BBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBB.
09 the/ leather/ !ne3pens!)e/ second/hand/ ,a!sy+s/ jac1et/ "tal!an/ -ound/ garage/ !n/ yesterday
BBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBB.
0: *umpers/one/most/brand/ne'/'oolen/*apanese/beaut!-ul/my/o-
BBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBB.
10 Those/o-/lad!es/charm!ng/one/leather/lu3ur!ous/"tal!an/*ac1ets/young/-!t and sl!m/'ear!ng
BBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBB.
11 2!ght!est/been/that/"/-orest/the/ha)e/!n/e)er
BBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBB.
12 #loset/old/#h!nese/my/)aluable/grandparents+/'ooden/
BBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBB.
1. 2ost/ne!ghbors/ne3t/door/help-ul/my/po)erty/!n/o-/l!)!ng
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1:
BBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBB. 14 <ssass!nated/days/senator/act!ng/three/the/ago/49/
year/old/by/-ree'ay/the
BBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBB. 15 2ar!a+s/cous!n/muscular/teenaged/good/
loo1!ng/elected/mon!tor/yesterday/class/the
BBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBB. 16
#ontro)ers!al/!ssue/the/that/attent!on/most/-rom/ages/dra's/peole/all/o-/soc!al classes/and
BBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBB. 18. old/ )aluable/ 'ooden/ n!ce/ the/one/cab!nets/o-/by/
corner/the/dar1/located
BBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBB 19. -!rst/ no)el/ -ather/ !nterest!ng/that/the/'rote/my
BBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBB 1:. cute/ that/ l!ttle/ brought up/ boy/ orphanage/ an/ !n
BBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBB 20. o-/ my/ breeches/ den!m/ #h!nese/ t'o/ second/hand/
n!ce
BBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBB 21. b!g/ beard/ bald/ med!um/he!ght/ old/ '!th/ a/ the/ man
BBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBB 22. -a!r/ comple3!on/ -!t and sl!m/ charm!ng/ a/ '!th/ tall/
lady/ that/ m!ddle/aged
BBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBB 2.. the/ men/ youngest/ o-/ that/ set/ t'o/ !sland/ th!s/ -oot/
on/ green
BBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBB 24. statues/ 'ooden/ !n)aluable/ old/ d!splayed/ museum/
one/ the/ nat!onal/ !n/ o-/the
BBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBB 25. cute/ stra!ght/ g!rls/ t'o/ slender/ teenaged/ o-/ blond/
the/ '!th/ shoulder/length/ ha!r
BBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBB 26. closet/ old/ 'ooden/ -!3ed/ 'all/ ugly/ the/ !nto/ the/
d!rty
BBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBB 28. schoolboys/ un!-orms/ act!)e/ l!ttle/ t!dy/ 'ear!ng/ blac1
and 'h!te/ those
BBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBB 29. ne'/ n!ce/ 1n!-e/ pen/ my/ 'ooden/ '!th/ a/ handle
BBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBB
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Prac tic e 16 &hange the following sentences into -assive .oice
01 They are currently bu!ld!ng a ne' amusement par1 near the stad!um.
02 Some people est!mate that the sales o- @eps! products '!ll !ncrease s!gn!-!cantly !n 2015.
0. < group o- !nternees !s carry!ng out a mar1et research at the moment.
04 $l!)er '!ll ha)e -!n!shed the report by the t!me you come bac1 tomorro'.
05 Some rumor that *ac1son bu!lt a mar)elous )!lla by the la1e.
06 They had repa!nted the l!)!ng room be-ore they decorated !t '!th color-ul ornaments.
manhtransgma!l.com
20
BBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBB.. 08 Ee are go!ng to get a ta!lor to ma1e our 'edd!ng su!ts ne3t
Saturday.
BBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBB.. 09 Someone has ta1en a'ay some o- my old boo1s.
BBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBB.. 0: 2any people bel!e)ed that %elson 'on a lottery grand pr!Ge.
BBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBB.. 10 "+d l!1e your company to ser)!ce my car as soon as poss!ble.
BBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBB.. 11 They began to remo)e some slum dogs along the
contam!nated canal three days ago.
BBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBB.. 12 @ol!ce '!ll ha)e been !n)est!gat!ng the case -or almost three
months by the end o- th!s year.
BBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBB.. Prac tic e 26 &hange the following sentences into +ctive
.oice
01 Ehere 'as th!s d!ct!onary bought -romR
02 2y su!tcase 'as bro1en 'h!le !t 'as be!ng carr!ed upsta!rs by a bellhop.
0. *ohn had h!s 'ater p!pe -!3ed by a s1!lled plumber yesterday.
04 $l!)er !s rumored to ha)e graduated '!th honor -rom Sale Dn!)ers!ty.
05 Three o- my 'arehouses '!ll ha)e been completed by <ugust.
06 They ha)e already gotten the!r car ser)!ced by a s1!lled mechan!c.
08 Some o- the!r propert!es 'ere -ound !n an un!nhab!ted area =by local pol!ce>.
09 (enry al'ays 'ants to be called s!r.
0: The 'allet should ha)e been returned to !ts o'ner.
10 "t !s thought that 'e are runn!ng out o- -oss!l -uel !n some years.
11 The -!lm sets started to be demol!shed some days ago.
12 The &ngl!sh are bel!e)ed to be the trad!t!onal consumers o- tea made !n V!etnam.
Practice )6 &hange the following sentences into -assive .oice
01 Ee sa' your s!ster enter a bar three days ago.
02 They suggested *ul!e sell!ng her old house at a lo'er pr!ce.
0. "t 'as my duty to 1eep an eye on the ch!ld.
04 Sou needn+t ha)e spent all the money.
05 They 'ere to 1noc1 do'n the old theatre 'hen the mayor appeared.
manhtransgma!l.com
21
06 @ol!ce ad)!sed com!ng home by : @.2. on grounds o- secur!ty.
08 Some th!n1 that Hruce Fee d!ed o- a heart stro1e.
09 The boss ga)e some sta-- huge bonus.
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hV".2"ST<7& #$II&#T"$%
manhtransgma!l.com

Grammar Review

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