MIDTERM TEST

COURSE : APPLIED LINGUISTIC

LECTURER : Ecin Suminta. M.Pd

1. What is Applied Linguistic ?
a. Applied Linguistics is the academic discipline concern with the relation of
knowledge about language
to decision making in the real world, and sets out to investigate problems in
which language is implicated.
b. Applied Linguistic as the academic discipline concerned with the relation of
knowledge
about language to decision making in the real world.

2. What is the focus of AL?
To solve the problems with which applied linguistic is concerned.

3. Mention some areas of AL ?
a. Language testing
b. Education

4. Applied Linguistic deals with the impasse between two opposites views of
languagedescription and prescription. How do you define those terms ?
Description : The practice in linguistics of describing the varieties of a language
without making value
judgements about them or saying which varieties are correct
Prescription : An approach to a language claiming there are absolute fixed rules
which should be followed by everyone
5. What are the differences between direct and communicative method in
ELT ?
- direct method, sometimes also called natural method, is a method that refrains
from using the learners' native language and just uses the target language. The
direct method operates on the idea that second language learning must be an
imitation of first language learning, as this is the natural way humans learn any
language - a child never relies on another language to learn its first language,
and thus the mother tongue is not necessary to learn a foreign language. This
method places great stress on correct pronunciation and the target language
from outset. It advocates teaching of oral skills at the expense of every traditional
aim of language teaching.
- Communicative language teaching (CLT) is an approach to the teaching of
languages that emphasizes interaction as both the means and the ultimate goal
of learning a language


SUMMARY PART 5 ( LANGUAGE AND COMMUNICATION )
BY : ISARIANTI, ELISA, ERTA
1. Knowing a language
Traditional grammar translation language teaching, which we considered in chapter
4, assumed that knowing the rules of a language and being able to use them were
are and the same thing. Yet there are many cases where someone knows the rules of
a language but is still not a succesfull communicator. Other word, knowing the
grammar and vocabulary of the language, although essential is one thing. Being able
to put them to use involves other types of knowledge and ability as well.
2. Linguistic competence
A good ideal of applied linguistic work has either followed on from them. Or defined
itself in opposition to them. Chomskys idea is that the human capacity for language,
as illustrated by a childs acquisition of the language around them, is not the product
of general intelligence or learning ability, but an innate, genetically determined
feature of the human special.
3. Communicative competence
Hymes suggested, is four types of knowledge :
a. Possibility
Firstly, a communicatively competent speaker knows what is formally possible in a
language i.e whether an instance conforms to the rules of grammar and
pronounciation.for example :
me go sleep now transgresses these rules, while Iam going to go to sleep
now . Knowledge of possibility is not sufficient in itself for communication.
b. Feasibility
Is a communicatively competent person knows what is feasible. This is a
psychological concept concerned with limitations to what can be processed by
the mind, and is best illustrated by an example.
- The cheese was green
- The cheede the rat ate was green etc..
The notion of feasibility may seem a rather academic one and of little relevance
to the practical applications of knowledge about language.
c. Appropriateness
This concerns the relationship of language or behavior to context, an such a wide
range of phenomena. Appropilateness concerns conformity to social convention,
and as such is fraught with controversy. Perhaps this is easiest to see in non-
verbal communication. Example :
the issue of appropriate dress for woman moving between western and
Islamic culture.
For applied linguistic there is no avoiding such issues. Language creates our
identities and allows us to communicate with other . its study must be concerned
with who imposes upon whom, and with the limits of social ceorcien and dissent.
d. Attedness
Hymes , fourth component of communicative competence is knowledge of
attedness, i.e, whether
Something is done. St first glance, this seems rather puzzling . for example the
phrase chips and fish .
From one of views this :
possible ( it does not break any grammar rule )
Feasible ( it is easily processed and readily understandable )
Appropriate ( it does not contravene any sensitive social convention )
Nevertheless ( it does not occuras frequently as chips and fish )