Hull Design and Limitations for Container Ships

Singapore, 16
th
May 2007
Dipl.-Ing. Holger Jefferies, Head of Approval Services East Asia Shanghai
Dipl.-Ing. Jan-Olaf Probst, Head of Competence Centres Hull & Ship Safety
Development of
Post-Panamax Container Ships
SeaAsia No. 3 2007-04-03
Typical 8000TEU Post-Panamax Ship
for Conti / NSB with L = 335 m, B = 42,8 m
SeaAsia No. 4 2007-04-03
Principal Dimensions of 8200 / 9500TEU Vessels
Size L
BP
Breadth Depth T scantling
8200 TEU 319,00 m 42,8 m 24,6 m 14,5 m
15,0 m 9500 TEU 335,00 m 42,8 m 27,2 m
8200TEU 9500TEU
15 rows 15 rows
9 tiers
10 tiers
SeaAsia No. 5 2007-04-03
9500TEU Post-Panamax Ship
for Costamare with L = 350,6 m, B = 42,8 m
SeaAsia No. 6 2007-04-03
Principal Dimensions of 8200 / 9500TEU Vessels
Size L
BP
Breadth Depth T scantling
8200 TEU 319,00 m 42,8 m 24,6 m 14,5 m
15,0 m 9500 TEU 321,00 m 45,6 m 27,2 m
8200TEU 9500TEU
15 rows 16 rows
9 tiers
10 tiers
SeaAsia No. 7 2007-04-03
9500TEU Post-Panamax Ship
for C.P. Offen with L = 338 m, B = 45,6 m
SeaAsia No. 8 2007-04-03
HHI / GL Design: 13.440 TEU Container Ship
Loa = 382,20 m, B = 54,20 m, H = 27,7 m
SeaAsia No. 9 2007-04-03
Midship Section of
13.400 TEU Post-Panamax Container Ship
Principal Dimensions
Length o.a. abt. 382 m
Length b.p. 366 m
Breadth 54.2 m
Depth 27.7 m
Draught (design) 13.5 m
Draught (scantling) 15.0 m
SeaAsia No. 10 2007-04-03
TEU Panmax 6500 7500 8500 9500 12.500 14.500
366,0 m 395,0 m
57,0 m
27,2
15,0 m
54,2 m
27,2
15,0 m
321,0 m
45,6 m
27,2 m
15,0 m
L
BP
283,0 m 289,0 m 304,0 m 319,0 m
B 32,3 m 40,0 m 42,8 m 42,8 m
H 21,8 m 24,2 m 24,5 m 24,5 m
T
s
13,5 m 14,5 m 14,5 m 14,5 m
Development of Container Ships
Panmax to 14.500TEU Post-Panmax
change 100 % 130 % 150 % 170 % 190 % 260 % 290 %
SeaAsia No. 11 2007-04-03
TEU Panmax 6500 7500 8500 9500 12.500 14.500
366,0 m 395,0 m
57,0 m
27,2
15,0 m
54,2 m
27,2
15,0 m
321,0 m
45,6 m
27,2 m
15,0 m
L
BP
283,0 m 289,0 m 304,0 m 319,0 m
B 32,3 m 40,0 m 42,8 m 42,8 m
H 21,8 m 24,2 m 24,5 m 24,5 m
T
s
13,5 m 14,5 m 14,5 m 14,5 m
Development of Container Ships
Panmax to 14.500TEU Post-Panmax
change 100 % 102 % 107 % 113 % 113 % 130 % 140 %
SeaAsia No. 12 2007-04-03
TEU Panmax 6500 7500 8500 9500 12.500 14.500
366,0 m 395,0 m
57,0 m
27,2
15,0 m
54,2 m
27,2
15,0 m
321,0 m
45,6 m
27,2 m
15,0 m
L
BP
283,0 m 289,0 m 304,0 m 319,0 m
B 32,3 m 40,0 m 42,8 m 42,8 m
H 21,8 m 24,2 m 24,5 m 24,5 m
T
s
13,5 m 14,5 m 14,5 m 14,5 m
Development of Container Ships
Panmax to 14.500TEU Post-Panmax
change 100 % 124 % 133 % 133 % 141 % 168 % 177 %
SeaAsia No. 13 2007-04-03
TEU Panmax 6500 7500 8500 9500 12.500 14.500
366,0 m 395,0 m
57,0 m
27,2
15,0 m
54,2 m
27,2
15,0 m
321,0 m
45,6 m
27,2 m
15,0 m
L
BP
283,0 m 289,0 m 304,0 m 319,0 m
B 32,3 m 40,0 m 42,8 m 42,8 m
H 21,8 m 24,2 m 24,5 m 24,5 m
T
s
13,5 m 14,5 m 14,5 m 14,5 m
Development of Container Ships
Panmax to 14.500TEU Post-Panmax
change 100 % 111 % 112 % 112 % 125 % 125 % 125 %
SeaAsia No. 14 2007-04-03
TEU Panmax 6500 7500 8500 9500 12.500 14.500
366,0 m 395,0 m
57,0 m
27,2
15,0 m
54,2 m
27,2
15,0 m
321,0 m
45,6 m
27,2 m
15,0 m
L
BP
283,0 m 289,0 m 304,0 m 319,0 m
B 32,3 m 40,0 m 42,8 m 42,8 m
H 21,8 m 24,2 m 24,5 m 24,5 m
T
s
13,5 m 14,5 m 14,5 m 14,5 m
Development of Container Ships
Panmax to 14.500TEU Post-Panmax
change 100 % 107 % 107 % 107 % 111 % 111 % 111 %
SeaAsia No. 15 2007-04-03
Development of Scantling Draught
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
2
5
0
0
3
5
0
0
4
5
0
0
5
5
0
0
6
5
0
0
7
5
0
0
8
5
0
0
9
5
0
0
1
0
5
0
0
1
1
5
0
0
1
2
5
0
0
1
3
5
0
0
1
4
5
0
0
Ship Size in TEU
D
r
a
u
g
h
t
Principal Dimension H and Air Draught
SeaAsia No. 17 2007-04-03
86or 96 Height Container?
SeaAsia No. 18 2007-04-03
Possible Number of Container below Deck
GL Rules
Chapter 3, Section 2:
up to 10 tiers of
20container in
40cell guides.
SeaAsia No. 19 2007-04-03
ISO stacking test:
20and 40corner column is tested
subject to a pressure force of 86 t
(since 2005, 96 t).
ISO Strength Requirements of Containers
ISO standard:
the lowest container could be
overstowedwith 192 t considering
an acceleration factor of 1,8
this would be for shipping
a. 32 t per40container for 10 tier
b. 29 t per 40container for 11 tier
c. 26 t per 40container for 12 tier
SeaAsia No. 20 2007-04-03
Height up to Hatch Cover Top Plate
D
e
p
t
h
D
e
p
t
h
T
o
p

o
f

h
a
t
c
h

c
o
v
e
r
T
o
p

o
f

c
o
n
t
a
i
n
e
r
9 x 2,591 m +1 x 2,896 m +
2,20 m +0,4 m +0,9 m
Total =29,715 m
9
x
2
,
5
9
1

+

1
x
2
,
8
9
6
2
,
2
0

m
0
,
4
m

+

0
,
9
m
(
O
p
t
i
o
n

1
0
x
2
,
8
9
6
)
(Opt. 32,46m)
SeaAsia No. 21 2007-04-03
Forces on Container Stack during Rolling
SeaAsia No. 22 2007-04-03
Overloaded Container Columns
SeaAsia No. 23 2007-04-03
Possible Height above Hatch Cover
8 x 2,986 m +
0,50 m +
2,90 m +
7,00 m
Total =34,288 m
8

x

2
,
8
9
6
m

=

2
3
,
1
6
8
m
0,5 +2,9m =3,4 m a
p
p
r
.

7
,
0

m

SeaAsia No. 24 2007-04-03
6
4

t
o

6
7

m

f
r
o
m

k
e
e
l

t
o

f
u
n
n
e
l
Possible max. Air Draught of Container Ships
Ship draught
Air draught
fromwater level
Design draught
13,0 m
51,0 to 54,0 m
Scantling draught
15,0 m
49,0 to 52,0 m
Actual draught
11,0 to 12,5 m
53,0 to 56,0 m
3
4
,
2
8
8

m
2
9
,
7
1
5

m
(
3
2
,
4
6

m
)
Principal Dimension B
SeaAsia No. 26 2007-04-03
Gantry Crane Outreach of Major Terminal
Out Reach (m) 45 50 55 60 65 70
On Deck (Row) 16 18 20 22
AMSTERDAM
BARCELONA
BREMEN HAVEN
BUSAN
HAMBURG
HONGKONG
KAOSHIUNG
KWANGYANG
LONGBEACH
OAKLAND
ROTTERDAM
SHANGHAI
SHEKOU CT
SHENZEN
SINGAPORE
TACOMA
VANCOUBER
YOKOHAMA
Year
Of
2005
SeaAsia No. 27 2007-04-03
Gantry Crane Lifting Capacity of Major Terminal
S.W.L.(ton) 45 50 55 60 65 70
AMSTERDAM
BARCELONA
BREMEN HAVEN
BUSAN
HAMBURG
HONGKONG
KAOSHIUNG
KWANGYANG
LONGBEACH
OAKLAND
ROTTERDAM
SHANGHAI
SHEKOU CT
SHENZEN
SINGAPORE
TACOMA
VANCOUBER
YOKOHAMA
Year
Of
2005
Deck House and Funnel location
SeaAsia No. 29 2007-04-03
11000
11500
12000
12500
13000
13500
14000
E/RM 8A 8F 7A 7F 6A 6F 5A 5F 4A 4F 3A 3F 2A
Position of Deckhouse
T
E
U

C
a
p
a
s
i
t
y
+5.5 %
700 TEU
1
2
7
1
3
1
2
7
4
3
1
3
4
4
5
Effect of Re-Locating Deckhouse
1
2
4
3
3
1
3
0
7
7
SeaAsia No. 30 2007-04-03
Protection of Fuel Tanks
Application dates:
Building contract 1st August 2007
Keel laying 1st February 2008
Delivery 1st August 2010
SeaAsia No. 31 2007-04-03
Different Arrangements for FTP Requirement
Fuel oil in deep tanks heavy weight
Fuel oil tank in cargo hold area loss of container
Fuel oil below deck house optimumdesign concept
SeaAsia No. 32 2007-04-03
To Check Possible Soot Contamination Around Funnel
Flow Analysis Around Twin Funnels
Twin funnel
Deckhouse
SeaAsia No. 33 2007-04-03
Funnel Height Incl. Stack : H
0
( 53.6 m ), H
1
( 51.6 m )
Transverse Location from Center : W
1
( 6.2 m ), W
2
( 10.7 m )
W
3
( 15.2 m ), W
4
( 18.0 m )
(a) W1 (6.2m)
(b) W2 (10.7 m)
(c) W3 (15.2 m) (d) W4 (18.0 m)
Location of Twin Funnels
Analysis Cases
SeaAsia No. 34 2007-04-03
(a) Case: W3, H0, =135
o
, and D
S
=220m (b) Case: W4, H1, = 135
o
, and D
S
=20m
Particle trace of soot
New Panama Canal Dimensions
SeaAsia No. 36 2007-04-03
Present Panama Canal (1/2)
About14,000 shipsper year
carry 193,813 miotonscargo
SeaAsia No. 37 2007-04-03
Panmax-Size-Vessel
maximum dimensions:
length: 294.13 m
beam: 32.31 m
draught: approx. 12 m
air draught: 62.5 m at LW
Present Panama Canal (2/2)
Dimensions of each lock chamber:
length: 305.0 m
width: 33.5 m
water level: 12.3 m (minimum)
SeaAsia No. 38 2007-04-03
Modified Panama Canal - The Future
The current plan for two new sets of locks:
The new lock chambers will
feature sliding gates, doubled
for safety, and will have a


length of 427,0 m(1,400 ft)
width of 55,0 m(180 ft)
depth of 18,3 m(60 ft)
extension forships with a beamof up to 49 m(160 ft), l.o.a.
of up to 366 m (1,200 ft) and a draught of up to 15 m(50 ft),
(equivalent to a container ship of around 12,000 TEU)
SeaAsia No. 39 2007-04-03
Location of proposed
new locks
Thenewlockswill belocated
nextto theexistinglocks
The new locks are a
complement to the existing
Canal
Thenewlockswill useexisting
navigationchannels
Duringtheconstructionperiod
theCanal will continueto
operateuninterrupted
The new locks will use the
excavation area carried out in
1939
SeaAsia No. 40 2007-04-03
Panama Canal - the Project Timeline
SeaAsia No. 41 2007-04-03
New Panamax Vessel with 12.500 TEU
L = 364,0 m, B = 48,8 m, H = 29,8 m
SeaAsia No. 42 2007-04-03
Conclusions
Container Ships have been stepwise enlarged but at
present larger vessels are planned
The strength of the container is the limiting factor for the
principal dimensions
At new designs the traditional deck house location will be
modified due to visibility and fuel tank protection
The location of the funnel is important to avoid soot
problems
The planned new dimensions of the Panama Canal will
have an influence on container ship design
SeaAsia No. 43 2007-04-03
The End ?
Thank you
for your
attention