Giao Trinh Tieng Nhat Can Ban

Ting Nht c bn o Ngc Sc
1

TING NHT C BN A B C (SU TM TRN INTERNET)

LESSON 1 - Meeting the New Neighbor
This lesson will teach you how to greet and to carry out a conversation in Japanese. In
this dialog, Yota Suzuki and Jason Miller meet for the first time at Jason's house in
Tokyo.

Yota:
Kon'nichi wa.

Hello.

Jason:
Kon'nichi wa.

Hello.

Yota:
Watashi wa Suzuki Yota desu. Hajimemashite.

I am Yota Suzuki. Nice to meet you.

Jason:
Watashi wa J eson Miraa desu. Hajimemashite. Doozo yoroshiku.

I am Jason Miller. Nice to meet you.
(May I ask you to be kind to me.)

Yota:
Miraa-san, anata wa Amerika-jin desu ka.

Mr. Miller, are you an American?

Jason:
Hai, watashi wa Amerika-jin desu. Anata wa.

Yes. I am American. How about you?

Yota:
Nihon-jin desu.

I am Japanese.

Listen to Dialog up to this point. (.wav file)

Jason:
Suzuki-san, anata wa daigaku-sei desu ka.

Mr. Suzuki, are you a college student?

Yota:
Hai, soo desu. Miraa-san wa.

Yes. How about you, Mr. Miller?

Jason:
Watashi wa kookoo-sei desu.

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I am a high school student.

Yota:
Otomodachi mo kookoo-sei desu ka.

Is your friend also a high school student?

Jason:
Hai. Suzuki-san wa nan'nen-sei desu ka.

Yes. Mr. Suzuki, what year are you in college?

Yota:
Daigaku ninen-sei desu.

I am a sophomore (second year student).


kon'nichi wa
hello
watashi
I, me, myself
desu
am, are, is
anata
You
Amerika-jin
American (person)
Nihon-jin
J apanese (person)
daigaku-sei
college student
kookoo-sei
high school student
otomo-dachi
friend
nan'nen-sei
what grade level, what year (in school, college)
ninen-sei
second level, second year (in college =sophomore)

Listen to Vocabulary. (.wav file)

1. Watashi wa Suzuki Yota desu.

This sentence means "I am Yota Suzuki." It is standard for Japanese to use their family
name first followed by their given name. The sentence pattern is "Noun wa noun desu"
which translates as "Noun is Noun". The wa is a particle indicating a subject or a topic,
while desu is an equivalent to "am", "are", and "is".

Examples: Watashi wa Sumisu desu.
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(I am Mr. Smith.)
Watashi wa Tanaka desu.
(I am Mr. Tanaka.)

2. Anata wa Amerika-jin desu ka.

This sentence means "Are you an American?" The word ka is a particle which makes a
sentence a question.

Examples: Anata wa Nihon-jin desu ka.
(Are you Japanese?)
Anata wa Suzuki-san desu ka.
(Are you Mr. Suzuki?)

3. Otomo-dachi mo kookoo-sei desu ka.

This sentence means "Is your friend also a high school student?" The word mo is a
particle and means "also".

Examples: Sumisu-san mo Amerika-jin desu ka.
(Is Mr. Smith also an American?)
Watashi mo daigaku-sei desu.
(I am also a college student.)

4. Nihon-jin desu.

This sentence means "I am Japanese". The word Nihon-jin is a compound of the two
words, Nihon and jin. Nihon means "Japan" and jin means "person". The word jin is
added to the end of a country's name to signify a person of that country.

Examples: Gaadana-san wa Igirisu-jin desu.
(Mr. Gardiner is English. [Igirisu=England])
Rozenbawa-san wa Doitsu-jin desu.
(Mr. Rosenbauer is German.[Doitsu=Germany])

5. Watashi wa kookoo-sei desu.

This sentence means "I am a high school student". The word kookoo-sei is a compound
of the two words, kookoo and -sei. Kookoo is a shortened form of the word
kootoogakkoo which means "high school" and -sei is an ending which means "student".

Examples: Waatamanu-san wa daigakuin-sei desu.
(Mr. Waterman is a graduate student.[daigakuin=graduate
school])
Rassoru-san wa daigaku-sei desu.
(Mr. Russell is a college student.)

Listen to the sentences in Grammar notes. (.wav file)

J apanese Language Lessons

LESSON 2 - Yota's Room
In this lesson, Yota Suzuki and Jason Miller discuss items in Yota's room. This lesson
will teach you how to greet and to carry out a conversation in Japanese. In this dialog,
Yota Suzuki and Jason Miller meet for the first time at Jason's house in Tokyo.
4

Jason:
Ohayoo Gozaimasu.

Good morning.

Yota:
Ohayoo Gozaimasu.

Good morning.

Jason:
Sore wa nan desu ka.

What is that?

Yota:
Kore desu ka. Kore wa kamera desu.

This? This is a camera.

Jason:
Dare no kamera desu ka.

Whose camera is it?

Yota:
Watashi no kamera desu.

It is my camera.

Jason:
Sore mo anata no desu ka.

Is that also yours?

Yota:
Iie, kono konpyuutaa wa tomodachi no desu.

No, this computer is my friend's.

Jason:
Kore wa Nihon-go de nan desu ka.

What is this (item) in Japanese?

Yota:
Nihon-go de sore wa "denwa" desu.

In Japanese, that is a telephone.

Jason:
J aa, are wa.

Then, how about that over there?

Yota:
Are wa hon de, kore wa zasshi desu.

That over there is a book and this is a magazine.
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ohayoo gozaimasu
good morning
sore
that
kore
this
are
that over there
nan
what
kamera
camera
dareno
whose
kono
this (possessive)
konpyuutaa
computer
Nihon-go
J apanese
denwa
telephone
hon
book
zasshi
magazine


1. Kore wa Kamera desu.

The sentence means literally "As for this, it is a camera". A better English translation
would be "This is a camera". The sentence pattern is Kore wa noun desu, which
translates as "This is Noun". Kore, sore, are and dore are a group of related words
meaning "this", "that", "that over there" and "which"

kore this
sore that
are that over there (further away)
dore which

Examples: Sore wa konpyuutaa desu.
(That is a computer.)
Are wa daigaku desu.
(That over there is a college.)

2. Kore desu ka. Kore wa denwa desu.
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This sentence means "This? This is a telephone". The pattern "Noun desu ka" in the
beginning of the sentence is for emphasis.

Examples: Watashi desu ka. Watashi wa Itaria-jin desu.
(Me? I am Italian [Itaria = Italy])
Are desu ka. Are wa tomodachi no konpyuutaa desu.
(That over there? It is my friend's computer.)

3. Dare no kamera desu ka.

This sentence means "Whose camera is it?" Dare means "who" and dare no implies
"whose". No is a particle that shows possession between two nouns. In this sentence,
the subject sore wa is omitted because in Japanese, if the subject is already mentioned,
it is not necessary to repeat it.

Examples: Dare no konpyuutaa desu ka.
(Whose computer is it?)
Dare no denwa desu ka.
(Whose telephone is it?)

4. Watashi no kamera desu.

This sentence means "This is my camera". Again, the subject is omitted for the same
reason as seen in #3. Watashi no implies "my" and anata no implies "your". The
sentence pattern with no has the first noun possessing the second. For instance, Miraa-
san no zasshi means "Miller's magazine".

Examples: Sore wa anata no denwa desu.
(That is your telephone.)
Kore wa Waatamanu-san no hon desu.
(This is Mr. Waterman's book.)

5. Iie, kono konpyuutaa wa tomodachi no desu.

This sentence means "No, this computer is my friend's". The words tomodachi no mean
"friend's", with konpyuutaa being understood since it was already mentioned as a topic.
Kono konpyuutaa means "this computer". Kono, sono, ano and dono are a group of
related words that show possession of a noun, meaning "this", "that", "that over there",
and "which". Kore, sore, are and dore cannot show possession but stand alone in their
meaning. Kono, sono, ano and dono can only show possession and cannot stand alone.

Examples: Sono zasshi wa Kaatan-san no desu.
(That magazine is Mr. Cartin's.)
Ano denwa wa Miraa-san no desu.
(That telephone over there is Mr. Miller's.)
Dono hon wa Suzuki-san no desu ka.
(Which book is Mr. Suzuki's?)
Kono hon wa tomodachi no desu.
(This book is my friend's.)
Kore wa tomodachi no desu.
(This is my friend's.)

6. Kore wa Nihon-go de nan desu ka.

This sentence means "What is it in Japanese?" or "How do you say it in Japanese?" The
word de is a particle that signifies "in" when referring to a language.
Thus, Nihon-go de means "in Japanese". The word Nihon-go is a compound of the two
words, Nihon and go. Go means "language" and when added to the end of a country
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name, it signifies the language of that country.

Examples: Kore wa Doitsu-go de nan desu ka.
(What is this in German? [What do you call this in German?])
Itaria-go de sore wa "libro" desu.
(In Italian, that is "libro".)

7. Jaa, are wa.

This sentence means "Then, how about that over there?" The sentence should be Jaa,
are wa nan desu ka. Again, since nan desu ka is already mentioned and understood, it
can be omitted. If you do not want to omit it, it is perfectly fine to say Jaa, are wa nan
desu ka.

Examples: Kore wa nan desu ka.
(What is this?)
Sore wa hon desu.
(That is a book.)
Jaa, kore wa.
(Then, what is this?)
Sore wa denwa desu.
(That is a telephone.)

8. Are wa hon de, kore wa zasshi desu.

This sentence means "That over there is a book and this is a magazine". De, in this
case, is a shortened form of desu. It means "something is X, and something is Y".

Examples: Kore wa kamera de are wa konpyuutaa desu.
(This is a camera and that over there is a computer.)
Waatamanu-san wa Amerika-jin de Rozenbawa-san wa Doitsu-jin desu.
(Mr. Waterman is American and Mr. Rosenbauer is German.)


A. Fill in the blanks with the appropriate words.
1. kore wa ( ) desu ka.
2. ( (this) ) wa kamera desu.
3. Are ( ) watashi ( ) desu.
4. Kono konpyutaa wa ( (whose) ) desu ka.
5. Are ( ) denwa ( ), kore ( ) kamera desu.
B. Say the following in Japanese.
1. What is this?

2. Whose camera is it?

3. Is this yours?

4. This is my friend's computer.

5. This is my magazine.
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Click here to check the answers!!


LESSON 3 - Meeting Mary
In this lesson, Jason introduces Yota to Mary from Australia.

Yota:
Miraa-san, ano kata no namae wa nan desu ka.

Mr. Miller, that person over there, what is her name?

Jason:
Ano hito wa Mearii-san desu.

That person over there is named Mary.

Yota:
Mearii-san mo Amerika-jin desu ka.

Is Mary also American?

Jason:
Iie, Mearii-san wa Oosutoraria-jin desu.

No, Mary is Australian.

Yota:
Oosutoraria no doko desu ka.

Where in Australia (is she from)?

Jason:
Saa, watashi wa shirimasen.

Well, I don't know.

J ason and Yota walk over to Mary.
Jason:
Mearii-san, kochira wa Suzuki-san desu.

Mary, this is Mr. Suzuki.

Mary:
Suzuki-san desu ka. Hajimemashite.

Mr. Suzuki? I am pleased to meet you.

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Yota:
Suzuki desu. Yoroshiku.

I am Mr. Suzuki. Nice to meet you.

Mary:
Suzuki-san wa Tookyo-umare desu ka.

Mr. Suzuki, are you from Tokyo?

Yota:
Iie, Kyooto desu. Mearii-san wa.

No, (I'm from) Kyoto. How about you, Mary?

Mary:
Watakushi wa Oostoraria no Meruborun-umare desu.

I'm from Melbourne, Australia.


kata
person (formal)
hito
person (informal)
namae
name
Oosutoraria
Australia
doko
where
shirimasen
I do not know
shiru
to know
kochira
this person, this direction
Tookyoo
Tokyo
Tookyoo-umare
born (in) Tokyo
Meruborun
Melbourne


1. Ano kata no namae wa nan desu ka.

This sentence means literally " As for the name of that person over there, what is it?" a
better English translation would be "That person over there, what is her name?" The
sentence pattern is "Noun wa nan desu ka?" which translates as "What is noun"

Examples: Sore wa nan desu ka.
(What is that?)
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Ano inu no namae wa nan desu ka.
(What is that dogs name? [inu=dog])

2. Oostoraria no doko desu ka.

This sentence means "Where in Australia?" The construction is "Noun no doko desu ka."
Doko means "where" and doko desu ka is a familiar way of asking where a place is. The
particle no refers to the noun and can mean "within", so you also could say "What part
of Australia?". Wa can be used in place of no to ask where a person or something is.

Examples: Itaria no doko desu ka.
(Where in Italy?)
Waatamanu-san no inu wa doko desu ka.
(Where is Mr. Waterman's dog?)

3. Saa, watashi wa shirimasen.

This sentence means "Well, I don't know (but can find out)." Shirimasen is the present
negative form of the verb shiru which means "to know". Shirimasen can mean "I don't
know", "He/She doesn't know", "We don't know", or "They don't know", depending on
the context of the sentence. Since watashi wa is here as the subject, the meaning is
clear.

Examples: Sumisu-san wa shirimasen.
(Mr. Smith doesn't know.)
Watashi no tomodachi wa shirimasen.
(My friend doesn't know.)

4. Meariisan, kochira wa suzuki-san desu.

This sentence means "Mary, this is Mr. Suzuki". Kochira literally means "this direction".
But, in this case, it has a special meaning which is "this person". Kochira is used when
introducing people.

Examples: Mearii-san, kochira wa Miraa-san desu.
(Mary, this is Mr. Miller.)
Kimura-san, kochira wa Sumisu-san desu.
(Mr. Kimura, this is Mr. Smith.)

5. Suzuki-san wa Tookyoo-umare desu ka.

This sentence literally means "Mr. Suzuki, is Tokyo the place of your origin?" A better
translation into English would be "Mr. Suzuki, is your home in Tokyo?" or "Were you
born in Tokyo?". Adding umare, which means "born", to the end of a place designates
the place as the person's home.

Examples: Rozenbaawa-san wa Munhen-umare desu.
(Mr. Rosenbauer is from Munich [Munchen].)
Gaadana-san wa Rondon-umare desu.
(Mr. Gardner is from London.)

6. Iie, Kyoto desu.

This sentence means "No, it is in Kyoto", referring to where Mr. Suzuki's home is. As
has been explained before, you do not have to repeat watakushi wa Kyoto-umare desu.
The subject (I) is clear. You can say Kyoto desu or Kyoto-umare desu, if the previous
statement explains the situation clearly.

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Examples: Waatamanu-san wa Daarasu-umare desu ka.
(Mr. Waterman,is your home in Dallas?)
Iie, Rondon desu.
(No, it is in London.)


1. ( (that) ) kata wa ( (who) ) desu ka.
2. ( (this) ) kata no namae wa ( (what) ) desu ka.
3. Suzuki-san wa ( (where) ) umare desu ka.
4. America no ( (where) ) desu ka.
B. Answer the question based on the dialogue.
1. Mearii-san wa Amerika-jin desu ka.

2. Mearii-san wa doko-umare dusu ka.

3. Suzuki-san wa kyoto umare desu ka.



LESSON 4 - Discussing the Weather
This lesson will teach you how to greet and to carry out a conversation in Japanese. In
this dialog, Yota Suzuki and Jason Miller meet for the first time at Jason's house in
Tokyo.

Yota:
Miraa-san, Shibaraku desu ne.

Mr. Miller, it's been a long time.

Jason:
Aa, Suzuki-san, kon'nichiwa.

Oh, Mr. Suzuki, hello.

Yota:
Ogenki desu ka.

Are you in good spirits? (are you healthy?)
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Jason:
Hai, genki desu.

Yes, I am.

Yota:
Saikin isogashii desu ka.

Have you been busy lately?

Jason:
Ee, chotto isogashii desu.

Yes, I am a little busy.

Yota:
Kyoo wa ii tenki desu ne.

It's nice weather today, isn't it.

Jason:
Hai, demo chotto atsui desu ne.

Yes, but it is a little hot.

Yota:
Soo desu ne. Ima Amerika mo atsui desu ka.

So it is. Is it also hot in the United States now?

Jason:
Hai, atsui deshoo.

Yes. It is probably hot.

Yota:
Amerika no fuyu wa samui desu ka.

Is it cold in the winter in the United States?

Jason:
Ee. Watashi wa Shiatoru-umare desu ga, totemo samui desu yo.

Yes. My home is in Seattle, it is very cold.


shibaraku
it's been a long time
ne
(particle used when expecting agreement)
Aa
Oh!
O-genki
feeling in good spirits (formal)
genki
feeling in good spirits (informal)
saikin
recently
13
isogashii
busy
chotto
a little
kyoo
today
tenki
weather
ii
good
demo
but
atsui
hot
Soo desu ne
so it is; yes (an expression of agreement)
ima
now
deshoo (form of desu)
it is probably
fuyu
winter
samui
cold
ee
yes (more information than hai)
totemo
very
yo
(particle used for emphasis)


1. Miraa-san, shibaraku desu ne.

The sentence means "Mr. Miller, it's been a long time". Shibaraku is used when two
people who know each other meet after not seeing each other for a significant amount
of time. Ne is added to the end of the sentence when expecting agreement.

Examples: Moriyama-san, shibaraku desu ne.
(Mr. Moriyama, it's been a long time.)
Sumisu-san, shibaraku desu ne.
(Mr. Smith, it's been a long time.)

2. Ee, chotto isogashii desu. / Ee, totemo isogashii desu.

The first sentence means "Yes, I am a little busy." The second sentence means "Yes, I
am very busy." Chotto is a descriptive that means "a little". It can be added to any
adjective to de-emphasize an expression. Totemo is the opposite; it means "very". It
can be added to any adjective to emphasize an expression . Totemo is used to really
emphasize an expression.

Examples: Ee, chotto samui des.
(Yes, it is a little cold.)
Ee, totemo samui desu.
(Yes, it is very cold.)

Here you learn a new sentence pattern: Noun wa Adjective desu. It is almost
the same as noun wa noun desu in the present tense.

Examples: Kyoo wa samui desu.
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(Today, it is cold.)
Anata wa isogashii desu ka.
(Are you busy?)

3. Kyoo wa ii tenki desu ne.

The sentence above means "The weather is pleasant today." Kyoo wa is the topic and
is used to emphasize that the following sentence refers to this day. Ii tenki is a
frequently used expression in conversation. Usually, comments about the weather
immediately follow a greeting.

Examples: Kyoo wa totemo atsui desu.
(It is very hot today.)
Kyoo wa chotto atsui desu.
(It is a little hot today.)

4. Soo desu ne.

This expression means "So it is", "Yes, it is", or simply "yes". It is used frequently in
conversation to agree. Soo desu ka is a variation meaning "Oh, really?" and is used
when the speaker is hearing new information.

Examples: Tanaka-san wa Kyooto-umare desu ne.
(Mr. Tanaka is from Kyoto, isn't he?)
Soo desu ne.
(Yes, he is. [He refers back to the previous statement.])

5. Ima, America mo atsui desu ka.

This sentence means "Is it also hot in the United States now?" Ima means "now" and is
used often to emphasize an occurrence that is happening at this point in time.

Examples: Ima, Waataman-san wa daigaku-sei desu.
(Mr. Waterman is a college student now.)
Ima, Doitsu mo samui desu ka.
(Is it also cold in Germany now?)

6. Hai, atsui deshoo.

This sentence means "Yes, it is probably hot". Deshoo is a variation of desu and means
"it is probably". In this sentence, Jason is commenting that he thinks it is hot in the
United States now because of past experience. He uses deshoo because he is not
positive since he is not there at this moment.

Examples: Waarasu-san wa Rondon-umare deshoo.
(Mr. Wallace is probably from London.)
Are wa Akutsu-san no kamera deshoo.
(That camera over there is probably Mr. Akutsu's.)

7. Ee, Totemo samui desu yo.

This sentence means "Yes, it is very cold". The particle yo is used to emphasize a
statement. This should be used with caution as sometimes, it may be considered rude
or impolite. It should only be used with someone that the speaker knows well. Ee is a
more informal way of saying "yes" than hai.

Examples: Ee, ano hito wa Shaafu-san desu.
(Yes, that person over there is Mr. Shauf.)
Ee, totemo atsui desu, yo.
(Yes, it is very hot.)
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1. Suzuki-san, ( ). (It has been a long time.)

2. Saikin ( ) desu ka. (busy).

3. Ee, ( ) desu. (a little busy)

4. Kyoo wa ( ) tenki desu ne. (bad)

5. Amerika ( ) samui desu. (also)
B. Answer the following questions according the question given.
1. Ogenki desu ka.
2. Saikin isogashii desu ka.
3. Kyoo wa ii tenki desu ne.
4. Amerika mo atsui desu ka.
5. Nihon mo atsui desu ka.


LESSON 5 - Yota's Birthday and Mary's Parents
In this lesson, Mr. Suzuki asks Mr. Miller about his age and Mary about her parents.

Yota:
Miraa-san wa nansai desu ka.

Mr. Miller, how old are you?

Jason:
J yuu-nana-sai desu. Suzuki-san wa.

I am seventeen (years old). How about you, Mr. Suzuki?

Yota:
J yuu-kyuu-sai desu. Kinoo wa tanjoobi deshita.

I am nineteen (years old). Yesterday was my birthday.

Jason:
Soo desu ka. Omedetoo gozaimasu.

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Oh really? Happy birthday.

Yota:
Arigatoo. Miraa-san no otoo-san to okaa-san wa ogenki desu ka.

Thank you. Are your father and mother doing well (in good spirits)?

Jason:
Hai, genki desu.

Yes, they are fine.

Yota:
Mearii-san, otoo-san to okaa-san wa doko desu ka.

Mary, where are your father and mother?

Mary:
Meruborun desu.

They live in Melbourne.

Yota:
Oshigoto wa nan desu ka.

What do they do for a living?

Mary:
Chichi wa kaisha-in de, haha wa kookoo no kyooshi desu.

My father is a businessman and my mother is a high school instructor.

Yota:
Aa, sensei desu ka.

Oh, a teacher?

Mary:
Hai, rekishi no sensei desu.

Yes, she is a history teacher.


nansai
how old
-sai
number suffix for age
ichi
one
ni
two
san
three
shi, yon
four
go
five
roku
six
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shichi, nana
seven
hachi
eight
kyuu, ku
nine
jyuu
ten
kinoo
yesterday
tanjoobi
birthday
deshita
was; were (past tense of desu)
omedetoo-gozaimasu
congratulations
otoo-san
father (someone else's)
okaa-san
mother (someone else's)
shigoto
job (informal)
oshigoto
job (formal)
chichi
father (the speaker's)
haha
mother (the speaker's)
kaisha-in
businessman; white collar worker
kyooshi
instructor
sensei
teacher
rekishi
history


1. Miraa-san, nan-sai desu ka.
The first sentence means, "Mr. Miller, how old are you?" Nansai is a compound of the
word nan, meaning "what" and the ending -sai, meaning "age." The second sentence
means "I am seventeen (years old)." The addition of -sai to jyuu-nana changes the
meaning of jyuu-nana from simply the number seventeen to seventeen years old.

Examples: A: Shaafu-san, nan-sai desu ka.
(A: Mr. Shauf, how old are you?)
B: Ni-jyuu-nana-sai desu.
(B: I am twenty-seven [years old].)

2. Miraa-san no otoo-san to okaa-san wa ogenki desu ka.
This sentence means, "Mr. Miller, are your father and mother well?" This sentence
introduces a new pattern: Noun to noun wa. To is a particle which is the Japanese
equivalent of the English "and."

Examples: Wootaaman-san to Furiimanu wa tomodachi desu.
(Mr. Waterman and Mr. Freeman are friends.)
Sumisu-san to Tanaka-san wa sensei desu.
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(Mr. Smith and Mr. Tanaka are teachers.)

3. Chichi wa kaisha-in de, haha wa kookoo no kyooshi desu.
This sentence above means, "My father is a businessman and my mother is high school
instructor." This introduces the pattern: noun de noun desu. De is a shortened form of
desu which acts as a connector of two sentences, adding the conjunction "and" to the
meaning.

Examples: Woorasu-san wa rekishi no sensei de Gaadana-san wa eigo no sensei desu.
(Mr. Wallace is a history teacher and Mr. Gardner is an English teacher. [Eigo=English])
Mearii-san wa ni-jyuu-go-sai de Jyuuri-san wa ni-jyuu-roku-sai desu.
(Mary is twenty-five [years old] and Julie is twenty-six [years old].)


A. Say the following numbers in Japanese.
1. 7
2. 10
3. 15
4. 20
5. 23
6. 34
7. 57
8. 68
9. 81
10. 96
11. 100
12. 121
13. 135
B. How do you say the following?
1. I am sixteen years old.
2. I am twenty-two years old.
3. Are you twenty-five years old?
4. How old are you?
C. Fill in the following blanks.
1. Sumisu-san ( ), Tanaka-san ( ) gakusei desu.

2. Chichi ( ) kyoshi ( ), haha wa kaisha-in desu.



19

LESSON 6 - The Weekend / Japanese Writing
( / )
Today, before you learn a dialogue, you are going to learn how to write Japanese
characters. There are three Japanese writing systems:
1. Kanji: Characters imported from China long ago, each conveying an idea, usually
having two readings. A set of more than 7,000 ideographic characters used to represent
concrete concepts such as nouns, verbs, adjectives, and adverbs.
2. Hiragana: A phoenetic alphabet, or syllabary (a set of characters, where each
character represents a syllable) used to represent particles in sentences, verb inflexions
(this usage is called okurigana), and other words not written in kanji. Another use is to
write them above Japanese text to indicate the pronunciation of Kanji (this usage is
called furigana).
3. Katakana: Another phonetic alphabet or syllabary used primarily for foreign names
or places and words of foreign origin. Katakana are written using straight lines.
Besides these three writing systems, Japanese is sometimes written in Roman letters
called roomaji. The three systems of writing above are used together (mixed) in written
Japanese.
For those of you who would like to view the romaji for this lesson, you can click here to
download or view a text file that contains the romaji. (Right click the link if you would like
to save the file to your computer instead of viewing online.) If the file shows in your
browser, click "Back" to return to this lesson. We recommend this only be used as a
study aid, as we believe it is more beneficial when learning Japanese to learn the kana.

Get the Romaji for this lesson.

:

Mary, what will you do this weekend?

:

I'm going shopping.

:

Where will you go (shopping)?

20

:

I will go to Shinjuku.

:

What will you buy?

:

I don't know yet, but perhaps I will buy some clothes.

:

Mr. Suzuki, what will you do?

:

I will study at home.

:

Why?

:

I have a test on Monday.

:

What kind of test?

:

An economics test.

:

Oh really? Good luck.


this(the upcoming)

weekend
21

to do

shopping

to go

to; at; on

to

Shinjuku

to buy

yet

perhaps

Western-style clothes

house (speaker's)

at

at my house

to study

why

Monday

test, exam

to have

because of (preceding sentence)

economics

Good Luck


1.
This sentence means "Mary, what will you do this (coming) weekend?" is the
equivalent of "this" or "this coming" in English, referring to the present or something
which will occur soon.

Examples:

(Mr. Waterman, what will you do this [coming] Saturday?)
(Shimasu) is a verb meaning "to do." It is a semi-formal form and is used in
everyday life. All Japanese verbs have semi-formal forms. (non-past affirmative, non-
past negative, past affirmative, past negative)

non-past past
affirmative negative affirmative negative
to do

22
to go

to buy

to understand

to study

to have

Examples:

(Where are you going?)

(Where did you go?)

(I went to Tokyo.)

(Did you but clothes?)

(No, I did not [buy any clothes].)


1. Kondo no shuumatsu ( ) o shimasu ka.
2. ( ) e ikimasu ka..
3. ( ) o benkyoo shimasu ka.
B. Fill in the blanks with the appropriate words (From left to right).
Non-past Non-past Past Past
positive negative positive negative



LESSON 7 - Plans for Tomorrow ()
23
Mr. Suzuki and Mr. Miller discuss what they will do tomorrow.


:

Are you going to school tomorrow?

:

Yes, I am.

:

What time are you going?

:

About eight o'clock.

:

Wow, that's early. What time does class start?

:

At eight thirty. But before class I'm going to meet a friend.

:

What time are your classes over?

:

At three o'clock.

:

Well, after that can you come over? Let's watch TV.

:

What's on?

24

:

There's an American movie. Mary's coming, too.

:

Okay, after that we can study some history.


school

about, around

early

begin, start

o'clock

half past

television, TV

movie

history


1.

The first sentence means Are you going to school tomorrow? The "" (pronounced e)
following a noun indicates direction to a place.

Examples:

(I am going to Tokyo this weekend.)

(Today, I am going to Mary's house.)

2.

This sentence means What time are you going? "" is a compound word meaning
what time. "" following time means at, referring to a moment in time. Verbatim, At
what time? However, this is often deleted when translated into English.

Examples:

(What time does the movie start?)
25

3.

This sentence means About nine o'clock. "" following time refers to around or about
so and so time.

Examples:

(I am going to school around nine o'clock.)

4.

This sentence means At eight thirty. "" literally means half, so following a time, it
means half past (time) or (time) thirty

Examples:
A:
(A: What time does the movie start?)

B:
(B: At six thirty.)

5.

This sentence means But before class, I'm going to meet a friend. "" following a noun
is a particle meaning with. The particle "" means because, indicating reason.

Examples:

(I am busy because I am studying.)

(I am not going because I am busy.)

6.

This sentence means Then, won't you come over to my house? "Kimasen ka" implies
won't you come, Let's come, or why don't you come, inviting someone to come.

Examples:

(Won't you [Let's] go to school tomorrow.)

(Why don't we [Let's] watch TV together.)

7.

This sentence means Let's watch TV together. "" following a noun makes a noun a
direct object. In this sentence, TV is the direct object. "~" following a verb stem
makes a sentence into a suggestion, eqivalent to the English Let's.

Examples:

(I am going to study economics this weekend.)

(Why don't we [Shall we] watch TV together.)
26

(Let's buy a camera.)

(Let's study Japanese.)


1. ( )
2. ( )
3. ( )
4. ( )
5. ( )
B. Answer the following questions according the question given.
1. ()

2. (9 )

3. ()

4. ()



LESSON 8 - Kyoto Trip ( )
Mr. Suzuki and Mr. Miller discuss what they did during the weekend.


27

:

Did you go somewhere this weekend?

:

Yes, I went to Kyoto.

:

Is that so? How was it?

:

It was fun.

:

What did you see?

:

I saw a lot of old temples.

:

Did you go somewhere, Mr. Suzuki?

:

No, I did not go anywhere. But I went to the department store.

:

Did you buy something?

:

I bought a CD.

:

Do you like music?

:

Yes, I like it very much.


28

Kyoto

How

fun

old

temple

many, a lot

department store

music

to like

to like very much


1.

This sentence means Did you go anywhere this weekend? The particle attached the
interrogative (where) is translated as somewhere or anywhere.

2.

This sentence means How was it? is the past tense of (to be) . The sentence
in the present tense would be (How is it?).

3.

The sentence is translated as It was fun. is the past tense of .
added to the stem of an i-adjective makes the adjective into the past tense as
shown in the table below.

Present Affirmative Past Affirmative
fun

busy

hot

cold

early

4.
29

The sentence means Did you go somehere, Mr. Suzuki? This sentence is the same in
grammar construction as grammar point # 1 () except
follows . is simply added for emphasis.

Examples:

(Let's go somewhere this weekend.)

5.

The sentence means No, I did not go anywhere . The particle following (where)
in a negative response means anywhere.

Examples:

(Because I am going to study this weekend, I am not going anywhere.)

6.

This sentence means Did you buy something? The particle following the interrogative
makes the word mean something or anything.

Examples:

(Why don't we watch something on TV?)


1. ( ) (Are you going somewhere tomorrow?)

2. ( ) (What did you see?)

3. ( ) (Did you see something?)

4. ( ) (Where did you go?)

5. ( ) (Did you go somewhere?)
B. Rewrite the following with past tense.
1.

2.

3.

4.

30


LESSON 9 - Going to a Restaurant ( )
Mr. Suzuki and Mr. Miller are going to a restaurant.


:

Aren't you thirsty?

:

Yes, I am. Shall we get something to drink?

:

Yes. How about that restaurant?

:

That's fine. Let's go in.

:

It's a beautiful restaurant, isn't it?

:

I wonder what's good.

:

There are lots of things, aren't there?(There's a lot to choose from,isn't there?)

31

:

Welcome. May I take your order please?

:

I'd like an orange juice and a cake please.

:

I'd like a cola please. Then, since I am hungry, I'll have a sandwich.

:

Yes, I'll bring them immediately.


throat

to dry

to drink

to enter

pretty, beautiful

a lot, many, a variety

welcome

order

orange juice

cake

cola

then, afterwards, after that

stomach

to be empty

sandwich

to bring, to carry (humble form)


32

1.
This sentence means Aren't you thirsty? Literally translated, it means Our throat has
dried, is that so. is a subject particle used when introducing a new topic, especially
when the subject refers to the parts of the body such as eye, nose, ear, etc.

2.
This sentence means It's a beautiful restaurant, isn't it. There are two main types of
adjectives in Japanese: i-adjectives (i.e. adjectives that end in ) and na-adjectives
(adjectives that end in . With i-adjectives in the present tense, the i always remains
attached to the adjective whether the adjective is standing alone or modifying a noun.
With na-adjectives in the present tense, the na part is only used when modifying a
noun. Up to now, the only other na-adjective we have learned is (genki).

3.
This sentence has been translated as May I take your order please? The prefix before
certain nouns changes the noun into a formal (polite) form. is also used as a prefix
for applying the formal form to nouns. Examples of prefixes include:
(name), (job), (weather), and (birthday). Generally,
is used with words of Chinese origin and is used with words of Japanese origin.

4.
The sentence means I'd like an orange juice and a cake please. is a polite
expression used when making requests, especially in restaurants or stores. It can also
be translated as May I have or please bring me.

5.
This sentence is translated as Yes, I'll bring them immediately. is the
humble (polite) form of (to bring, to carry). With some Japanese verbs, the
humble form is constructed by placing the prefix to the front of the verb, truncating
the , and adding to the end of the verb. Literally, means to
humbly bring.



33
LESSON 10 - Days of the Month ()
Mr. Miller and Mr. Suzuki are talking about the date.


:

What day is it today?

:

Today is April 1st.

:

This coming Saturday is the 5th, isn't it?

:

Yes, it is. How come?

:

A friend is coming from America.

:

Is that so? About how long is he staying?

:

For two weeks.

:

Mr. Miller, how much longer will you be in Japan?

:

Six months.

:

How is Japan?
34

:

It is fun.

:

Your Japanese has gotten really good.

:

Not at all, but I still want to practice more.


what day

day

Saturday

still

about how much, about how many

skillful, good at

more
Days of the Week

Monday

Tuesday

Wednesday

Thursday

Friday

Saturday

Sunday
Dates of the Month
Note: most dates are just the number plus . Following are the exceptions!

first

second

third

fourth

fifth

sixth
35

seventh

eighth

ninth

tenth

fourteenth

twentieth
Months of the Year

J anuary

February

March

April

May

J une

J uly

August

September

October

November

December


1. There are three main verbs of existence in Japanese:

. These are all forms of the verb to be. is the all-
encompassing verb to be, which can be conjugated similar to English (I am, you are,
he/she/it is, we are, you are, they are) taking both animate and inamimate nouns as
well as adjectives. and both mean There is or There are,
however, the subjects in sentences using these verbs are restricted. (which can
also be translated as I am, They are, etc.) refers to humans or animals whereas
refers to inanimate objects. In many cases, the verb can also mean to
have.

Examples of :
(I am an American.)

(What day is it today?)

(It's hot, isn't it?)

(This is a book.)
36

(You are a good student.)

(How is Japan?)
Examples of :
(I am at school now.)

(There are a lot of Americans in Japan.)

(Is your sister at home?)

(The dog is on top of the chair.)

(About how long will you be in Japan?)
Examples of :
(There are a lot of temples in Kyoto.)

(Do you have a pen?)

(I have a test this coming Monday.)

2.

This sentence means Your Japanese has gotten really good. In this sentence, the key
verb is which means to become and is a very common verb used in Japan.

3.

This sentence has been translated as I want to practice more.
means I want to practice. verb + means (I) want to do .



LESSON 11 - The Newstand ()
Mr. Miller is going to buy a newspaper.
37


:

I'd like to buy a magazine and a newspaper, but where are they sold?

:

They are sold at the station kiosk.

:

Do they also have English newspapers.

:

Yes, they do. But it is a little bit expensive.

:

Do you have today's Japan Times?

:

Yes, we do. It is two hundred fifty yen.

:

Do you also have Newsweek?

:

Newsweek has already been sold out.

:

Then, what do you have?

:

I'm sorry. We no longer have anything left.


newspaper
38

magazine

to buy

but

where

to sell

station

kiosk, shop, newstand

a little, a bit

expensive, high

two hundred fifty

yen

to be sold out

Numbers in Japanese
Note: This should allow you to count to at least 99 million

1

60

2
or
70

3

80

4

90

5

100

6

123

7

200

8

300
or
9

400

10

500

11

600

12

700

13

800

14

900

15

1000

16

1367
/
17

2000

18

3000

19

4000

20

5000

21

6000

22

7000
39

30

8000

40

9000

50

10,000


1.

Translation: "I'd like to buy a newspaper and a magazine, but where are they sold."
"" is a particle that serves as conjunction linking two or more nouns together. "" is
simply translated as "and" English.

Examples:

(I studied economics and Japanese yesterday.)

CD
(I will buy a CD and a book.)


" " in the second part of the sentence is the verb+te form of the verb
(to sell). There are many usages of the te-form, such as a conjuction linking
two or more phrases in a sentence. However, in this case, the te-form is used to
express a state of action or being and is translated as "are sold" in the present passive.
The following are examples of how to construct the te-form using the dictionary form of
the verb as the base.

Type of Verb Dictionary Form Present Passive Form Polite Form
su-verbs:
(to speak)
ku-verbs:
(to write)
gu-verbs:
(to swim)
mu-bu-nu-verbs:
(to drink)

(to play)

(to die)
tsu-u-ru-verbs:
(to stand)

(to buy)

(to take)
regular ru-verbs:
(to eat)
irregular verbs:
(to go)

(to come)

(to do)


"" in " " is a particle meaning "in," "at" or "on." "" follows
nouns and the interrogative "where" is only used in sentences with an activity verb in
the predicate. In this sentence, it literally means "At where are they sold?"

Examples:

40
(I bought juice and milk at the store.)

(I watch TV at home.)

2.

Translation: "Then, what do you have?" "I am sorry. We no longer have anything left."
In the response, "mo" following "nani" (an interrogative) in "moo nani mo arimasen" is
used for emphasis in negative replies to a question.

Examples:

(Is your father home now?)

(No, nobody is ([ome].)



LESSON 12 - The Bank ()
Mary visits a bank to exchange some money.


:

I'd like to change dollars into yen, where can I do this?

:

You can do it at the bank on the corner.

:

The bank is open from what time to what time?

41

:

It's open from nine to three.

:

Is it also open on Saturday?

:

Yes, it is open in the morning.

:

Excuse me, but I'd like to change dollars into yen.

:

Yes, fill out this form please.

:

Okay, is it alright like this?

:

Yes, please wait over there.


dollar

yen

to change

can do, able to do

corner

bank

to be open

morning

(application) form

to write

there (polite form of )
42

please wait (polite form of , to wait)


LESSON 13 - Where is it? ()
Mr. Suzuki and Mary discuss where they live.


:

Suzuki-san, where is your house?

:

It's in Shinagawa.

:

Well, it's a convenient place, isn't it?

:

Yes, it's near the subway station, and it's also convenient for shopping.

:

Where do you live, Mary?

:

Akasaka.

:

Is it near the train station?

:

No, it's a little far, but it's very quiet.

:

Is it a house?
43

:

No, it's an apartment. Both my father and mother like it very much.


house, dwelling, housing (polite form)
()
convenient

close, near

to live

subway, underground

a little, few

far

very, extremely
()
quiet

house

apartment

to like


1.

This sentence translates as: "Yes, it's near the subway station, and also convenient for
shopping." The key grammar pattern in this sentence is the construciton
"" "" is a particle meaning "also" and "" is a conjunction meaning
"and." "" is used to connect a series of two or more related phrases in a sentence,
often for emphasis. Since the construction "" is often used to express "both~~
and~~" in positive sentences and "neither~~nor~~" in negative sentences. This
sentence can also be translated as: "Yes, it's both near the station and convenient for
shopping." Another common pattern is "," meaning "not only~~, but
also~~."

Examples:

(I neither have time nor money.)
44

(Tom's sister is not only pretty, but also smart.)

(This book is not only long, but also boring.)

2.

Translation: "Where do you live, Mary?" The particle "" referring to place of existence
in this sentence is used with " " meaning "to live." Another verb using ""
as a particle of existence is " " which means "to be employed." In
Japanese, when giving Japanese address, start with the larger area followed by the
particle "" and then the smaller area.

Examples:
Q:
(Q: Where do you live?)

A:
(A: I live in Akasaka, Tokyo.)



LESSON 14 - Let's Go ()
Mr. Suzuki and Mr. Miller talk about their weekend excursion.


:

Since tomorrow is Saturday, why don't we go somewhere?

:

Let's go to Tokyo Disneyland.

:

45
Yes, that's great.

:

How are we getting there?

:

We can go by train, but why don't we go by car.

:

But I cannot drive.

:

I'll drive. I got my car license the other day.

:

Is that so? Did you also buy a car?

:

No, I'm borrowing my father's.

:

Let's also invite Mary.

:

Okay, let's do that. I'll take my sister along.

:

Well, I'm looking forward to it.


(electric) train

car

I (male)

to drive

the other day

license
46

to take

to borrow

to invite

to take (someone) along

fun


1.

This sentence translates as: "How are you going?" Literally translated, it says "With
what are you going?" The "" particle implies to do something "with" or "by" so and so
means or method.

Examples:

(I am going by bus.)

(I will explain in Japanese.)

(I will pay by credit card.)

2.

Translation: "Did you also buy a car?" "" added to the plain form of a verb and
followed by a " " is used in emphasing a question. In a declarative sentence, ""
is omitted and the "plain verb form + " is also used for emphasis of a statement or a
fact.

Examples:

(Have you already seen that movie?)

(I am going to school.)

3.

This is an idiomatic expression meaning "I am looking forward to it."



47
LESSON 15 - The Trip ()
Mr. Suzuki and Mr. Miller are out on an excursion.


:

Well, we're here.

:

Wow. It's a beautiful place, isn't it?

:

Yes. The weather's nice and it feels good.

:

Where do we buy the tickets?

:

Over at that ticket window.

:

How much is it for one person?

:

It's 2500 yen. It's 1500 yen for children.

:

Well, let's buy it together.


:

Are you hungry?

48

:

Yes, I am hungry.

:

Why don't we eat something?

:

Let's eat at that restaurant.

:

What do they have?

:

There are a lot of delicious things. The hamburgers are also good.

:

OK. I'll have a hamburger and a cola.

:

I'll have a hot dog. How about you, Mr. Suzuki?

:

Hmmm. I'll have the same as Mary.


to arrive, to reach

pretty, beautiful

place

weather

feeling

ticket

window, ticket window

same


49

1.

Translates as: "Are you hungry?"

Translates as: "Yes, I am hungry."
The negative form of a verb followed by an interrogative particle is often used to ask
questions. This would be the equivalent of an inverted negative question form in
English. In this example above, it would be: "Aren't you hungry?" In English, the type
of question is often used when expecting an affirmative answer. However, this is not
always the case in Japanese, where the negative verb form is used to "soften" the
question. The answer to the question can be "yes" or "no." Sometimes, the negative
verb form in a question can be used to make a suggestion as in "Eega e ikimasen ka."
("Why don't we go to a movie?")

2.

Translates as: "Where do we buy the tickets?"

Translates as: "Over at that ticket window."
The sentence ending " / " indicates that the speaker is explaining or
asking about something that is of common interest to both the speaker and the other
party. This pattern is also used to emphasize a point or an idea.

Examples:

(What are you doing?)

(I am studying English.)

(I'd like to go to the station, where is it?)


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