29

CIVIL RIGHTS AND THE CRISIS OF LIBERALISM

REVIEW AND TEST QUESTIONS
MULTIPLE CHOICE
1. What finally pushed the Kennedy administration to commit to federal legislation to end segregation and
protect voting rights?
a. the rulings of the Warren Court
b. the riots in Northern cities
c. the bus boycott in Montgomery, Alabama
d. the violent repression of a non-violent demonstration in Birmingham, Alabama
. !he case of Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka concerned"
a. prayers in public schools.
b. federal aid to education.
c. racial segregation in public schools.
d. rights of the accused
#. Martin $uther King %r. rose to leadership in the civil rights movement during the 1&'(s. )is strategies,
different from the recent past, *ould become the primary techni+ues of the Civil ,ights movement into
the 1&-(s. What is the most accurate summary of this transition in the movement?
a. .irect and often violent confrontation replaced nonviolent passive resistance.
b. King/s rhetorical s0ills on !1 rather than organi2ed action caught the nation/s attention.
c. King appealed directly to 3resident 4isenho*er to lend his support to efforts to speed up
desegregation.
d. Kings proposed non-violent confrontation rather than the NAACPs strategy of legal
challenges to segregation in the courts.
5. !he Civil ,ights Act of 1&-5, according to your te6t, 7mar0ed one of the great moments in the history of
American reform.8 9t did all of the follo*ing 4:C43!"
a. reuired that persons accused of crimes be informed of their rights and allo!ed to consult
a la!yer.
b. banned discrimination in public facilities.
c. banned discrimination in employment.
c. protected the right to vote.
'. !he 4conomic ;pportunity Act, according to your te6t, *as 7the most s*eeping social *elfare bill since
the Ne* .eal.8 9ts provisions included all 4:C43!"
a. the %ob Corps.
b. the Peace Corps.
c. development loans to rural families and urban businesses.
d. a billion dollars for a ne* ;ffice of 4conomic ;pportunity.
-. All of the follo*ing *ere elements of %ohnson/s 7<reat =ociety8 programs, 4:C43!"
a. a health insurance program for the elderly.
b. an anti>poverty program.
c. an aid program for education.
d. a funding program to return ta" revenues to states.
?. !he 9mmigration Act of 1&-'"
a. e6tended the national origins +uota system.
b. abolished the national origins uota system.
c. ended all immigration from Asia.
d. lifted all restrictions on immigration from $atin America.
@. What happened to fashion in the 1&-(s?
a. .ue to ne*, cheaper fabrics, *or0ing>class people could mimic the dress of the rich.
b. .uring the initial stages of the 1ietnam War, military>style outfits became popular, but then
oriental styles too0 precedence as the *ar became unpopular.
c. .ress became a symbol of individuality, as youth strove to dress as differently from each other
as possible.
d. Nonconformist costumes of the counterculture became standardi#ed symbols of rebellion,
but then !ere adopted as mainstream modes of dress.
&. ;ne of the 0ey concepts articulated in the 73ort )uron =tatement8 of the =tudents for a .emocratic
=ociety *as"
a. bureaucratic efficiency.
b. participatory democracy.
c. Mar6ist ideological purity.
d. personal moral autonomy.
1(. 9n *hich place, in 1&-&, did all the positive forces of the counterculture come together to celebrate
peace, love, and freedom?
a. Monterey
b. Altamont
c. Chicago
d. $oodstoc%
11. Which of the follo*ing civil rights organi2ations effectively used the nation/s Audicial system to
implement lasting change in America?
a. NAACP
b. =NCC
c. C;,4
d. Blac0 3anthers
1. Cor the Kennedy administration, *hich of the follo*ing presented the most divisive issue that it had to
face?
a. the War in 1ietnam
b. the Civil &ights 'ovement
c. class divisions in America
d. labor union activism
1#. =upreme Court decisions designed to protect the rights of citi2ens *ho had been accused but not yet
convicted of a crime *ere intended to benefit *hich group in society?
a. no group in particular.
b. the poor
c. immigrants
d. African Americans
COMPLETION
1. !he liberal chief Austice of the =upreme Court during the 1&-(s *as D4arl WarrenE.
. Kennedy persuaded civil rights leaders to use their 1&-# march in the city of DWashington, ..C.E to
pressure Congress to support the 3resident/s civil rights bill.
#. 79 )ave a .ream,8 the great landmar0 speech of the civil rights movement, *as delivered from the
$incoln Memorial in 1&-# by DMartin $uther King %r.E.
5. D=to0ely CarmichaelE *as the leader of the =tudent Nonviolent Coordinating Committee *ho
parado6ically reAected peaceful protest in favor of militancy and even violence in the 1&-(s.
'. An early protest effort, 0no*n as the Dfree >speech campaignE , gave the Fniversity of California at
Ber0eley its reputation as a center of campus protest.
-. !he =upreme Court in 1&'5 ruled Dsegregation in public schoolsE unconstitutional.
?. After World War 99, the NAAC3 used Dla*suits or court actionE as its primary strategy to advance civil
rights for African Americans.
@. Martin $uther King %r. gained fame in the mid>1&'(s as the leader of Da bus boycottE in Montgomery,
Alabama.
&. !he first big test for desegregation came in the city of D$ittle ,oc0, Ar0ansasE, *here 3resident
4isenho*er federali2ed the state National <uard *hen the <overnor defied the court ruling.
30THE VIETNAM ERA
1. A group of typical F.=. soldiers in 1ietnam *ould include all 4:C43!"
a. young men.
b. draftees.
c. poorly educated Americans.
d. blac0 or )ispanic Americans.
. 9n a *ar *ith uncertain goalsGto escalate until the other side negotiated a settlementG*hat became the
measure of F.=. military success?
a. bombing damage assessments
b. body counts
c. territory occupied by F.=. or =outh 1ietnam forces
d. opinion polls sho*ing ho* many =outh 1ietnamese supported their government
#. !he <ulf of !on0in resolution, as passed by"
a. the Congress, authori#ed President (ohnson to ta%e any measure needed to repel attac%s
on ).*. forces.
b. the Congress, bloc0ed further commitment of F.=. ground troops *ithout Congressional
approval.
c. the F.N. =ecurity Council, called for both F.=. and North 1ietnamese forces to *ithdra* from
=outh 1ietnam.
d. the F.N. <eneral Assembly, condemned F.=. aggression against the people of 1ietnam.
5. Why couldn/t America/s superior technology prevail in 1ietnam?
a. +echnology did not distinguish friend from foe.
b. !he F.=. never e6ploited its technological advantages.
c. !he 1ietnamese peasants *ere more influenced by the terrorist attac0s of the 1ietcong than the
incomprehensible machines of the Americans.
d. 3oliticians and the media refused to let the military use its technology effectively.
'. Which group *as most li0ely to support the *ar?
a. blue-collar !or%ers
b. teach>in participants
c. =tudents for a .emocratic =ociety
d. =NCC and C;,4
-. Why did 3resident Kennedy push the space program?
a. 9t *ould be for him a public relations gold mine.
b. 9t *ould be for him a giant por0 barrel to pay bac0 his political supporters.
c. 9f the race for space *ere lost, domestic reform might be lost.
d. ,f the race for space !ere lost, the Cold $ar might be lost.
?. !he most dramatic convert from supporter to opponent of the 1ietnam War *as"
a. the *ecretary of -efense, &obert 'cNamara.
b. the Chairman of the %oint Chiefs of =taff, 4arl Wheeler.
c. the commander of American forces in 1ietnam, William Westmoreland.
d. the F.=. ambassador to =outh 1ietnam, 4lls*orth Bun0er.
@. Cor America, it *as a great failure of foreign intelligence, a great tactical military success, and a great
political defeat. 9t *as"
a. the .emocratic convention of 1&-@.
b. the War on 3overty.
c. the +et offensive.
d. the theory of escalation.
&. All of the follo*ing 7traumas8 occurred in 1&-@ 4:C43!"
a. the first big urban race riot in $atts.
b. the assassinations of ,obert Kennedy and Martin $uther King.
c. confrontation in the streets during the .emocratic convention.
d. the !et offensive in 1ietnam.
1(. !he village of My $ai *as the site of"
a. the largest battle of the !et offensive.
b. a ).*. massacre of .ietnamese civilians.
c. a North 1ietnamese harbor mined by the F.=.
d. a Marine barrac0s bombed by the 1ietcong.
11. Who *as N;! a 3residential candidate in the election of November 1&-@?
a. /yndon (ohnson
b. ,ichard Ni6on
c. <eorge Wallace
d. )ubert )umphrey
1. ,ichard Ni6on in 1&-@ campaigned on a platform"
a. endorsing protest and permissiveness.
b. promoting la! and order.
c. attac0ing liberals, intellectuals, and 7long>hairs.8
d. promising immediate negotiations to end the *ar.
1#. What 0ey segment of the American electorate did both <eorge Wallace and ,ichard Ni6on try to
attract?
a. individualistic>minded *esterners
b. the unemployed
c. senior citi2ens
d. the !hite !or%ing class
15. !he Ni6on>Kissinger team"
a. shared a global vision for a ).*. foreign policy !ith scaled-bac% commitments overseas.
b. paired a traditional small>to*n conservative *ith a troubled and profane easterner.
c. sho*ed ho* effective an active vice>president could be.
d. brought little foreign affairs e6pertise to the White )ouse.
1'. !he term 71ietnami2ation8 referred to the policy of"
a. shifting the burden of actual combat to the *outh .ietnamese.
b. training Fnited =tates troops in the 7Nine ,ules8 for understanding 1ietnamese culture.
c. shifting F.=. military operations from conventional tactics to guerrilla>type combat li0e the 1iet
Cong.
d. countering anti>*ar propaganda *ith a campaign to tell the 7real story8 in 1ietnam.
1-. 3resident Ni6on/s carrot>and>stic0 plan to end the *ar in 1ietnam included all 4:C43!"
a. hard>line negotiations *ith North 1ietnam.
b. shifting the burden of actual combat to the =outh 1ietnamese.
c. a s!ift, short invasion of North .ietnam.
d. a s*ift, short invasion of Cambodia.
1?. !he Ni6on .octrine proclaimed"
a. 1ietnami2ation.
b. a ne* Wilsonian internationalism.
c. that the F.=. *ould deepen its involvement in other parts of the *orld once out of 1ietnam.
d. that the ). *. !ould e"pect its allies to share the burden of preserving !orld peace and
order.
1@. What is the *ord that describes America/s ne* relationship *ith China and the =oviet Fnion, as
fostered by Ni6on and Kissinger?
a. confrontation
b. divide and con+uer
c. detente
d. =A$!
1&. ,ichard Ni6on is best described as"
a. an e6tremist, *ho deliberately and scornfully critici2ed hippies and anti>*ar protesters.
b. an ideologue, *hose rigidly anti>Communist instincts led him to stand firm against the =oviets.
c. a cold *ar liberal, committed e+ually to containment of Communism abroad and an active
federal *elfare program at home.
d. a pragmatist, !ho deviated from his o!n earlier positions in both foreign and domestic
policy.
(. Who in the 1&'(s did N;! support helping 9ndians to end their confinement on reservations and move
into the urban mainstream?
a. liberals see0ing to free 9ndians from reservations
b. conservatives see0ing to roll bac0 Ne* .eal programs
c. *estern politicians see0ing access to reservation resources
d. full-blood ,ndians see%ing to preserve tribal culture
1. Why did )ispanics and 9ndians have less success than blac0s in creating unified movements?
a. Neither group had the leadership enAoyed by the African>American civil rights organi2ations.
b. !he *hite bac0lash discouraged activism by other racial and ethnic minorities.
c. /atino and native groups preferred to identify !ith their particular national or tribal
heritage.
d. Neither group faced preAudice and discrimination the *ay blac0s did.
. )o* did F.=. involvement in the 1ietnam *ar finally end?
a. *ith the unilateral *ithdra*al of F.=. troops
b. !ith the negotiated !ithdra!al of ).*. troops according to a treaty !ith North .ietnam
c. *ith the negotiated *ithdra*al of F.=. troops according to a treaty *ith =outh 1ietnam
d. *ith an international peace conference after the defeat of a large F.=. force
#. Which of the follo*ing =upreme Court decisions struc0 do*n 5- state la*s that restricted a *oman/s
access to abortion?
a. Plessy v. Ferguson
b. Roe v. Wade
c. Jones v. Schafly
d. Steinam v. United States
COMPLETION
1. )o Chi Minh became a communist after his petition *as ignored by *orld leaders at the D1ersailles
or 3aris or WW9E peace conference.
. $evels of American troops in 1ietnam rose gradually under a conscious strategyGdubbed
DescalationE by its architectsGdesigned to apply increasing pressure on North 1ietnam.
#. 7,olling !hunder8 *as the code name of a military operation engaged in Dbombing North 1ietnamEH
it neither stabili2ed =outh 1ietnam nor substantially stopped supplies from flo*ing from the North.
5. A =outh 1ietnamese communist *as 0no*n by the label D1iet CongE.
'. !he 7*ar at home8Gthe debate over the *ar in 1ietnamG*as centered in a particular 0ind of
place" Dcollege campusesE.
-. D<eorge WallaceE *as the third>party candidate in 1&-@ *ho opposed civil rights and integration.
?. ,ichard Ni6on proclaimed that he represented not some small, noisy protest group, but rather Dthe
silent maAorityE.
@. Cesar Chave2 gained prominence through his efforts to organi2e Dmigrant farmE *or0ers into a
union.
&. Ni6on/s strategy for *inding do*n F.=. involvement in 1ietnam, 0no*n as D1ietnami2ationE,
attempted to shift the burden of actual combat to the =outh 1ietnamese.
1(. !he Ni6on and Kissinger tactic of 7playing the China card8 referred to an effort to influence the
nation of Dthe =oviet FnionE by improving diplomatic relations bet*een the F.=. and China.
31
THE AGE OF LIMITS
1. 3undit !om Wolfe described Americans of the 1&?(s as"
a. the 0'e 1eneration.2
b. the 7$ost <eneration.8
c. the 7Ne* $eft.8
d. the 7Ne* ,ight.8
. 9n the 1&?(s, the reform impulses from the 1&-(s fragmented or degenerated. But your te6t notes that
7the idea of restructuring society8 survived in certain areas, including all 4:C43!"
a. increasing reliance on foreign oil.
b. improving the +uality of the environment.
c. achieving e+ual rights for *omen.
d. forcing business to produce safer products that *ere advertised more responsibly.
#. All of the follo*ing accurately describe the troubled economy during the 1&?(s 4:C43!"
a. American leadership in heavy industry, especially in automobile manufacturing, suffered from
management and labor inefficiencies as *ell as foreign competition.
b. hardest hit *ere the older industrial cities of the Northeast and Mid*est.
c. economic trends changed from high inflation and high unemployment to the opposite.
d. political, economic, and environmental crises undermined the American faith in limitless
gro*th and technological solutions.
5. ;pposition to environmental reform reflected"
a. conflict bet*een racial and ethnic groups.
b. conflict bet!een social classes.
c. hostility to*ard ,alph Nader and N;W.
d. hostility to*ard ,ichard Ni6on and the federal government.
'. Broad changes in society *ere evident by the 1&?(s. What is N;! an accurate statement of one of these?
a. Nearly half of adult *omen *ere employed outside the home.
b. +he activist, reform spirit of the 3456s had disappeared amid a sic% economy.
c. !he prevalence of prepared and fast foods indicated a decline both in healthy diets and in the
family meal as a social occasion.
d. !he =upreme Court overturned state la*s banning abortion.
-. !he =upreme Court in the 1&?(s, under ne* Chief %ustice Warren Burger, actually continued and
e6tended the support of social reform that had been a hallmar0 of the Court under Chief %ustice 4arl
Warren in the 1&'(s and 1&-(s. ;f the follo*ing 7liberal8 rulings handed do*n in the last #( years,
*hich came from the Burger Court rather than the Warren Court?
a. increase in the rights of criminal suspects and defendants
b. reapportionment of state legislatures to curb over>representation of rural areas
c. the stri%ing do!n of state la!s banning abortions
d. a ban on prescribed prayers in public schools
?. !he 1&-(s are remembered as a decade of crisis. But your te6t stresses that the 1&?(s *ere also a time of
a 7crisis of confidence8 regarding the future in general and American government in particular. What
during the Ni6on years *as most important in initiating this crisis of authority?
a. political scandal and economic 0stagflation2
b. the 3resident/s personal style and the petty politics of the Congress
c. defeat in 1ietnam and the end of the space program
d. =upreme Court rulings and bureaucratic ineffectiveness in the e6ecutive branch
@. )o* do 7impoundment8 and the War 3o*ers Act illustrate political struggles of the early 1&?(s?
a. ,mpoundment !as an administration attempt to evade the !ill of Congress7 the Act !as a
congressional attempt to limit presidential po!er.
b. Both reflect F.=. efforts to respond to overseas threats to American vital interests.
c. Both *ere passed in response to Watergate.
d. 9mpoundment, a program run by the F.=. Army Corps of 4ngineers, *as outla*ed through the
efforts of environmental groups.
&. =upposedly, the purpose for establishing the special group of White )ouse employees 0no*n as the
7plumbers8 *as"
a. to gather secret information on political opponents.
b. to supervise Ni6on/s reelection campaign.
c. to stop lea%s of government secrets to the press.
d. to launder illegal campaign contributions.
1(. As a result of the Watergate scandal, 3resident ,ichard Ni6on *as forced to resign. But a separate
scandal had earlier forced the resignation of another high government official. Who?
a. a famous =enator
b. a high>ran0ing Ni6on aide
c. the =ecretary of .efense
d. the .ice-President
11. !he most dramatic conse+uence of the Middle 4ast I7Jom Kippur8K War in 1&?# *as"
a. a shift in F.=. Middle 4ast policy from neutral to pro>9srael.
b. an Arab oil embargo.
c. 9sraeli occupation of 4gyptian, %ordanian, =yrian, and $ebanese territories.
d. over*helming %e*ish support for Ni6on in the 1&? election.
1. What act of 3resident Cord led to a +uic0 end to his 7honeymoon8 *ith Congress and the American
people?
a. manipulations of the C9A and CB9
b. a pardon of former President Ni"on
c. imposition of *age and price controls
d. signing a treaty returning the canal to 3anama
1#. Cor %immy Carter, *hat *as 7the moral e+uivalent of *ar?8
a. energy conservation
b. beating inflation
c. reducing human rights violations
d. rescuing the hostages in 9ran
15. !he Carter administration/s 7search for direction8 ran afoul of the conflict in vie*s bet*een =ecretary
of =tate Cyrus 1ance, *ho advocated LLLLLLLLLLLL, and National =ecurity Advisor Mbignie*
Br2e2ins0i, *ho believed in LLLLLLLLLLLL.
a. pursuing d8tente7 continuing containment
b. an active role in the Middle 4astH a focus on relations *ith the F.=.=.,.
c. the proAection of American po*er abroadH rebuilding the American economy at home
d. a ne* strategic arms treatyH a 3anama Canal !reaty
1'. Carter/s idealism conformed to Kissinger/s realism in one 0ey sense" Carter recogni2ed that the F.=.
should e6ercise"
a. intervention, not isolation.
b. leadership, not hegemony.
c. its influence in the Americas, not in Asia.
d. its influence in the Middle 4ast, not in 4urope.
1-. =ignificant features of F.=. foreign policy in Carter/s early years included all 4:C43!"
a. repudiating the *A/+ process.
b. signing a treaty to return the Canal Mone to 3anama.
c. using economic pressure to promote human rights in other countries.
d. facilitating an agreement bet*een 9srael and 4gypt.
1?. ;ne of the reasons Carter opposed the rebel government in Nicaragua *as"
a. its confiscation of American property.
b. its overthro* of a popular, democratically elected government.
c. its support for 4l =alvador/s repressive right>*ing government.
d. !orry about the inroads of communism in the region.
1@. 9n November 1&?&, 9ranian militants too0 over the Fnited =tates embassy in !eheran and held hostage
'# embassy personnel for more than a year. What provo0ed their action *as the fact that the Fnited
=tates"
a. refused to recogni2e the ne* Khomeini regime in 9ran.
b. began supporting 9ra+ in its *ar against 9ran.
c. attempted to restore the pro>American =hah to po*er in 9ran.
d. allo!ed the e"iled e"-*hah of ,ran to enter the )nited *tates.
1&. !he 1&@( Carter .octrine *as a response to a sharp Aump in the price of Middle 4astern oil
accompanying violent upheavals in 9ran and Afghanistan. What did it assert?
a. !hat the F.=. *ould aid free peoples defending themselves against communist insurgencies.
b. !hat the F.=. *ould help our allies resist aggressionGbut *ith supplies and financial support,
not American troops.
c. +hat the ).*. !ould protect Persian 1ulf oil supplies against any *oviet ta%eover.
d. !hat the F.=. *ould intervene militarily if outside forces invaded 9srael.
COMPLETION
1. 3undit !om Wolfe described Americans of the 1&?(s as the 7DMeE <eneration.8
. 9n the early 1&-(s, the boo0 Fnsafe at Any =peed by D,alph NaderE launched the consumer
movement.
#. 9n the early 1&-(s, the boo0 =ilent =pring by D,achel CarsonE launched the environmental
movement.
5. $eadership of the consumer movement *as largely dra*n from the Dupper>middle or professionalE
class of American society.
'. !he site of the 1&? brea0>in at the .emocratic party head+uarters, DWatergateE became the label for
the scandals of the Ni6on administration.
-. ,ichard Ni6on/s presidency ended *ith his DresignationE.
?. Never elected in a national campaign, D<erald CordE *as appointed 1ice>3resident, then succeeded
to the 3residency.
@. !he most significant and persistent economic problem throughout the 1&?(s *as DinflationE.
&. !he Cederal ,eserve tried, unsuccessfully, to combat the inflationary price spiral by Draising interest
ratesE.
1(. D)enry KissingerE *ielded great influence under t*o presidents as National =ecurity advisor and
later =ecretary of =tate.
11. !he Camp .avid accords, facilitated by 3resident %immy Carter, *ere a significant brea0through in
moving to*ard peace in the troubled region of Dthe Middle 4astE.
1. 9n 1&?& and 1&@(, Americans *ere held hostage for months in their o*n embassy in D!eheran or
9ranE.
32
THE CONSERVATIVE CHALLENGE
1. !he *ord that describes a diverse group of conservative 3rotestant Christians, *ho in the late 1&?(s
became noticeably influential as political and social activists, is"
a. e6tremists.
b. evangelicals.
c. ,epublicans.
d. 3entecostals.
. Conservatives in the late 1&?(s and 1&@(s critici2ed many trends in American culture. 9ronically, one of
their targets *as also a 0ey to their success. !his *as"
a. the Congress.
b. the =upreme Court.
c. professional sports.
d. television.
#. 4vangelical 3rotestants and conservative Catholics generally agreed on all of the follo*ing issues
4:C43!"
a. federal aid to religious schools.
b. opposition to abortion.
c. political participation by the clergy.
d. that the A9.= disease might be understood as the conse+uences of immorality.
5. .emonstrating a desire to curb the po*er of organi2ed labor, the ,eagan administration too0 a hard line
against an illegal stri0e by"
a. the !eamsters.
b. air traffic controllers.
c. CB9 agents.
d. the $abor .epartment.
'. Conservative 3rotestants I7evangelicals8K shared *ith conservative Catholics certain concerns about
trends in American society. Which is N;! an accurate statement of beliefs they held in common?
a. Non>public, religious>oriented schools provide a more morally acceptable education than the
increasingly secular public schools.
b. Mass entertainment promotes permissive social behavior and a liberal political agenda.
c. A ma9or moral failure of contemporary society is the persistence of racism.
d. Abortion should be legally restricted because it amounts to 0illing an unborn human being.
-. !he te6t points out that, ironically, ,onald ,eagan tried to strengthen the po*er and prestige of the
presidential office for *hat purpose?
a. to rein in an out>of>control Congress
b. to counterbalance =upreme Court activism
c. to model morality and integrity in government
d. to !ea%en the role and reach of government
?. ,onald ,eagan came into office in 1&@1 *ith a threefold agenda, according to your te6t, including all
4:C43!"
a. cut ta6es to stimulate investment.
b. curb inflation by permitting higher unemployment.
c. reduce the po!er and activism of the presidency.
d. increase the po*er and capabilities of the military.
@. What is meant by 7supply>side economics8Gthe ne* ,eagan approach to economic policy in the early
1&@(s?
a. the attempt to increase domestic oil supplies
b. cutting bac0 *elfare and other programs for the poor, to force them to supply their o*n needs
c. encouraging, through ta" cuts, private sector investment that !ould create ne! 9obs, thus
promoting economic gro!th and increasing net ta" revenues
d. 0eeping interest rates high, to increase the money supply
p. !"#!$
&. Which of the follo*ing *as N;! a result of ,eagan/s policies?
a. follo*ing a recession, an economic recovery mar0ed by reduced inflation and sustained
economic gro*th
b. huge federal budget deficits
c. a redistribution of *ealth from lo*er to upper classes
d. strong performance by certain sectors of the economy, especially labor unions,
agriculture, and ban%ing
1(. What *as uni+ue about the .emocratic tic0et in 1&@5?
a. A <ree0 immigrant headed the tic0et.
b. Both presidential and vice>presidential candidates came from the same state.
c. Both presidential and vice>presidential candidates *ere southerners.
d. +he vice-presidential candidate !as a !oman.
11. !he costly and highly critici2ed ,eagan program 0no*n as the =trategic .efense 9nitiative proposed to"
a. arm the Contras in order to bring do*n the =andinista regime.
b. create a defensive missile system in space to shield the ).*. from any foreign missile
attac%.
c. place Marines in the Middle 4ast in order to defend access to Middle 4ast oil.
d. move beyond limiting the gro*th of nuclear *eapons to negotiating actual reductions.
1. !he ,eagan administration focused on three priorities in foreign policy. Which of the follo*ing
accurately states an initiative in one of the three areas?
a. Central America" an invasion of 3anama to rescue American students and prevent a Mar6ist
ta0eover
b. Middle 4ast" successful retaliation against $ibya and $ebanon for terrorist attac0s
c. Car 4ast" public rhetoric critical of China/s suppression of democratic reform
d. *oviet )nion: both a sharp military build-up and a ne! arms control treaty
1#. !he ,eagan and Bush administrations sent American invasion forces abroad in all of the follo*ing
cases 4:C43!"
a. to a Caribbean island to protect Americans and topple a leftist government.
b. to 3anama to capture the country/s dictator>3resident.
c. to Nicaragua to fight alongside the contra rebels.
d. to the 3ersian <ulf to e6pel 9ra+is from Ku*ait.
15. 9n the 1&@(s, health>care costs s0yroc0eted along *ith a *orld*ide epidemic of a deadly ne* disease,
in *hich"
a. a parasite *as transmitted in polluted streams.
b. organic poisons *ere transmitted by the needles of drug users.
c. a se"ually transmitted virus bro%e do!n the human immune system.
d. lea0ing nuclear radiation caused incurable brain cancers.
1'. !he 9NC treaties agreed to at Mosco* in 1&@?"
a. provided for destruction of certain nuclear missiles !ith on-site inspection.
b. reduced conventional forces stationed in Central 4urope.
c. pledged =oviet *ithdra*al from Afghanistan.
d. ended testing of nuclear *eapons.
1-. 9n the 1&@@ presidential election, <eorge Bush benefited from all the follo*ing 4:C43!"
a. he *as associated *ith ,eagan/s successes.
b. he had strong support from his party.
c. relations *ith the =oviet Fnion had improved.
d. he !as supported by remnants of the ;ld /eft in $ashington.
1?. Which statement best e6plains Bill Clinton/s victory in 1&&?
a. As a southerner and liberal, Clinton rebuilt the traditional .emocratic coalition and *on a solid
maAority of both popular and electoral votes.
b. 1oters, in an upbeat mood, reAected the sour criticisms of Bush and 3erot and embraced
Clinton/s optimistic vision for change.
c. Worried about gro*ing instability around the *orld, voters opted for the candidate *ith
e6perience in foreign affairs.
d. 'any one-time supporters of President Bush voted against him this time on either
ideological or economic grounds.
COMPLETION
1. !he general term for conservative 3rotestants, several groups of *hom became prominent in the late
1&?(s and 1&@(s, is DevangelicalsE.
. 9n 1&?&, %erry Cal*ell established a political a*areness organi2ation called Dthe Moral MaAorityE
designed to e6amine candidates on issues of concern to conservative Christians.
#. ,onald ,eagan identified himself *ith the theory of Dsupply >sideE economics, based on ideas of
economist Arthur $affer that seemed reminiscent of the days of Coolidge and )oover.
5. A ne* *orld leader unleashed momentous changes *hen he proclaimed policies of openness and
restructuring for the nation of Dthe =oviet FnionE.
'. Clarence !homas and =andra .ay ;/Connor *ere t*o notable conservatives *ho Aoined Dthe
=upreme CourtE.
-. !he <ramm>,udman Act *as an unsuccessful effort to solve one of the most persistent problems of
the 1&@(s, the federal Dbudget deficitEH it threatened mandatory spending cuts if budgetary targets
*ere not met.
?. 9n 1&@# terrorists ble* up a Marine barrac0s in DBeirut or $ebanonE, 0illing #& Americans.
@. 9n retaliation for Muammar Nadhafi/s supposed sponsorship of international terrorism, 3resident
,eagan ordered Air Corce raids on his country, D$ibyaE.
&. !he Contadora group of $atin American nations proposed a negotiated settlement to the situation in
the nation of DNicaraguaE.
1(. !he 9ran>Contra operation began largely *ithin Dthe National =ecurity CouncilE, an advisory agency
to the 3resident on foreign and defense policy.
11. !he great symbol of the end of the Cold War and the fall of communism in 4astern 4urope *as
*hen Dthe Berlin WallE *as torn do*n in 1&@&.
1. !he Fnited =tates in 1&&( reacted to an 9ra+i invasion of DKu*aitE.
1#. 9n Cebruary 1&&1, in a sudden and dramatic 1((>hour assault, nic0named ;peration D.esert =tormE,
a coalition of forces led by the Fnited =tates routed the 9ra+i army.
15. !he stresses in inner>city neighborhoods e6ploded in violence in the city of D$os AngelesE in 1&&,
*hen a *hite Aury ac+uitted police officers of charges of using e6cess force in subduing a blac0
man.
33
NATION OF NATIONS IN A GLOBAL COMMUNITY
1. When William %efferson Clinton too0 office in 1&&#, he imagined himself to be"
a. a mediator bet*een contentious factions.
b. an activist president.
c. a detached president.
d. a moderate statesman.
p. !!!!$
. !he 7don/t as0, don/t tell8 policy refers to *hat issue?
a. illegal drug use among immigrants
b. homose"uals serving in the military
c. insider trading on Wall =treet
d. none of the above
p. !!!%$
#. 9n *hich t*o sub>=aharan African countries did brutal civil *ars brea0 out in the early 1&&(s?
a. Congo and ,*anda
b. =ierra $eone and Congo
c. *omalia and &!anda
d. ,*anda and =ierra $eone
p. !!!&$
5. 3olitical instability in *hich Caribbean country prompted F.=. intervention in 1&&5?
a. Cuba
b. !he .ominican ,epublic
c. <renada
d. <aiti
'. 9n 1&&' and 1&&&, 3resident Clinton authori2ed the use of American military force to aid *hich t*o
countries in 4urope?
a. Bosnia and Kosovo
b. Albania and Kosovo
c. =erbia and Bosnia
d. =erbia and Kosovo
-. !he NAC!A treaty *as designed to provide greater trade and more Aobs by lin0ing the F.=. economy
more closely *ith *hat countries?
a. %apan and Korea
b. ,ussia and China
c. 'e"ico and Canada
d. 4ngland and <ermany
?. 9n Kenneth =tarr/s final report to the )ouse of ,epresentatives, he recommended that the president be
impeached on the grounds of"
a. perAury
b. obstruction of Austice
c. *itness tampering
d. all of the above
@. !he scandal that led to 3resident Clinton/s eventual impeachment *as LLLLLLLLL in nature.
a. se"ual
b. political
c. business
d. international
&. .espite the president/s eventual admission that he had lied about this scandal, in the end a maAority of
the American people felt about him in *hich of the follo*ing *ays?
a. !hey disapproved of him and *anted him removed from office.
b. !hey *ere generally indifferent to his behavior.
c. +he public did not support the &epublican calls for impeachment.
d. A maAority believed the entire affair had been fabricated by the ,epublican 3arty to hurt the
president.
1(. 9n terms of the te6t/s coverage of the impeachment scandal, most historians believe *hich statement
about 3resident Clinton?
a. !hey believe he should have been removed from office.
b. +hey do not believe that the Presidents actions constituted an impeachable offense.
c. !hey believe the *hole issue *as blo*n *ay out of proportion by the ,epublicans.
d. !hey believe it hurt America/s prestige in the *orld greatly.
11. 9n its earliest stages, the desire to connect distant computers *as motivated by a need to"
a. store government secrets better.
b. share computer capacity.
c. provide better personal communications.
d. aid ban0s in the movement of currencies around the *orld.
1. !he term coined to denote business transacted over the 9nternet is"
a. e>business.
b. e-commerce.
c. e>trading.
d. e>buying.
1#. 9n comparing the median income of American families in 1&&- *ith 1&?#, *hat result is found?
a. =uch incomes *ere much higher in 1&?#.
b. *uch incomes !ere only barely higher in 3445 than in 34=>.
c. Because of high technology, these incomes *ere much higher in 1&&- than in 1&?#.
d. Median family incomes had actually dropped belo* 1&?# levels by 1&&-.
15. !he economic prosperity of the late 1&&(s produced *hich of the follo*ing social conse+uences?
a. 9nner>city crime rates fell.
b. !he economic situation of the poor improved.
c. Consumer confidence reached an all>time high.
d. All of the above.
1'. 9n 1&&, the *orst civil disturbance in $os Angeles history occurred in response to *hat event?
a. the trial of ;. %. =impson
b. the acuittal of the police officers involved in the &odney King beating
c. the shooting of $os Angeles mayor !om )ayden
d. the clearing of hundreds of acres of inner>city land for public housing proAects
COMPLETION
1. Congress attempted to stem the flo* of illegal immigrants in to the F.=. by passing the
D9mmigration and Control Act of 1&@-E.
. !he ne* immigrants to the F.=. could maintain close lin0s *ith their countries of origin because of
improved systems of DcommunicationE and DtransportationE.
#. Accusations *ere published early in Clinton/s presidency that *hile he *as governor of Ar0ansas
had received special treatment from a failed real estate venture 0no*n as DWhite*aterE.
5. 9n 1&&1, FN troops *ere used to restore order in the Caribbean nation of D)aitiE.
'. !he DNAC!AE agreement lin0ed the American economy closely to those of Canada and Me6ico.