OPTIMISATION OF

TRANSRECEIVER
FOR
MIMO SYSTEM
Abstract
MIMO stands for multiple input, multiple output and refers to the use of more than
one antenna to send and receive two or more unique data streams over the same
channel simultaneously in wireless devices, resulting in networks with long ranges
and high throughputs .MIMO products create wireless networks that can reach
significantly farther than current Wi-Fi networks and still provide high data
throughputs.MIMO technology can reach over 300 feet and still send and receive
data at 30 mbps.

Introduction
Traditional wireless communication system uses a single antenna for transmission
and a single antenna for reception. Such systems are known as single input - single
output systems (SISO) . Usage of multiple antennas at transmitter and receiver in
order to achieve better performance such systems are known as multiple input
multiple output systems (MIMO).main challenge that exists is about implementing it
in point to point links.

In the above fig. there are three antennas in the transmitter and receiver .For the
transmission of data we have taken a bit stream b0,b1,b2…..The data stream is
divided into three data blocks consisting of b0,b3,b6…, b1,b4,b7….., b2,b5,b8….
These data stream is modulated by certain modulation scheme for transmission
.These transmitted stream is received by the receiving antenna B1,B2 and B3.The
transmitted signal is then demodulated and are converted back into the data
stream.

Mathematically…………….

The channel capacity for different antennas at the transmitter and receiver side are
compared .Starting from 1 antenna at transmitter and receiver side to 4 antennas
at the transmitter and receiver side the graph between the channel capacity and
the SNR in db is plotted .

From the above fig it can be concluded that the channel capacity is better for 4x4
antenna and least for SISO(1x1) system.

EFFICIENT MODULATION TECHNIQUE……..

The above fig compares the probability of error for different modulation schemes .It
is seen that the modulation technique like QAM, QPSK , MSK gives us a better
result. Here the red line implies that for about 10^6 bits transmitted the error
occurred in only 1 bit. So for the experiment basis we may use any of these above
methods.

Here the QAM(quadrature amplitude modulation) is considered. This modulation

technique is applied to the original signal and transmitted.

THE CHANNEL…………

For mobile communication we usually consider the RAYLEIGH channel.For

large no. of paths, each path can be modeled as circularly symmetric random
variable with time as the variable and this modeled is called as the “RAYLEIGH
fading channel”.

For any signal transmitted in the channel there is always introduction of noise which
distorts the original signal. At the receiver end the resulting signal is obtained .The
bit error rate (BER) vs SNR is calculated for this signal obtained .

As we can see that due to interference of noise the graph is not smooth. So a
equalizer should be designed which will have a opposite effect than that of the
transmitter. There are different equalizer. The LMS (Least Mean Square) algorithm is
used .

After applying the LMS algorithm to the received signal and also applying different
de modulation schemes we obtained the following output

QPSK modulation QAM-16

modulation

PSK modulation QAM

modulation

From the above diagrams we can conclude that the QAM modulation is giving the
better result
Conclusion …

MIMO system improves the channel capacity than the SISO system.

QAM is the best modulation scheme for the MIMO system.

REFERECES……..

T.S.RAPPAPORT-wireless communication-Phi publication

MATTIAS WENNSTORM UPASALA-On MIMO system and adaptive array for wireless
communication.