Panitia Fizik SMJK Yu Hua Kajang FM5 Peka 2013

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PEKA: Ohms Law

Aim :
1. To investigate the relationship potential difference and current for
a constantan wire
2. To determine the resistance per meter of a constantan wire
3. To investigate the relationship between potential difference and
current across a filament bulb

Question suitable for scientific investigation
What is the effect of changing the current in the circuit with respect to the
voltage over the constantan wire

Inference : As the current increases, the potential difference will increase


Variables:
Manipulated variable : Current in the circuit
Responding variable: Potential difference over the constantan wire
Fixed variable : The resistance of the wire


Hypothesis : Current is directly proportional to the voltage if the resistance
is kept constant

Apparatus and material :
4 units of 1.5V Dry Cell (Type D), Battery Holder, Rheostat, Voltmeter,
Ammeter, Switch, connecting wires, m constantan wire, 3V Bulb and bulb
holder

Panitia Fizik SMJK Yu Hua Kajang FM5 Peka 2013
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A
V
Battery
Switch
Ammeter
Voltmeter
Constantan Wire
Rheostat
A B

Procedure :

1. Setup the circuit diagram as shown above.
2. Place a 0.5m constantan wire across points A and B
3. The circuit is switched on
4. The rheostat is adjusted slowly until the ammeter shows a reading of
0.2 A. Record the voltmeter reading.
5. The ammeter reading I and the voltmeter reading V are recorded
6. Step 4 is repeated using a current of 0.4 A, 0.6 A, 0.8 A and 1.0 A
respectively.
7. All ammeter and voltmeter reading are recorded
8. Replace the constantan wire with the bulb provided
9. Repeat steps 4 - 7
10. Draw a suitable graph of voltage V against current I for the constantan
wire and bulb.
11. Determine the gradient of the graph for the constantan wire
Panitia Fizik SMJK Yu Hua Kajang FM5 Peka 2013
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12. Determine the resistance of the constantan wire
13. Draw a conclusion for the relationship between V and I for the bulb
14. From the graph, determine a resistance of the bulb when the bulb is
not glowing
15. From the graph, determine a resistance of the bulb when the bulb is
glowing/lighted

Data Tabulation :

Ammeter Reading
I/A
Voltmeter Reading/ V
Constantan wire
Voltmeter Reading/ V
Bulb
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1.0




Graph:

(i) Graph of Voltage (V) against Current (I) for constantan wire

Voltage / V
Current / I
V
I

Panitia Fizik SMJK Yu Hua Kajang FM5 Peka 2013
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(ii) Graph of Voltage (V) against Current (I) for a filament bulb

Voltage / V
Current / I
R
1
R
2

From the graph :

The gradient can be calculated by

R = V/I

Conclusion :
1) For a fixed resistance, the potential difference cross an Ohmic
conductor is directly proportional to the current passing through it.

R = V/I


2) Resistance of the constantan wire is __________ /m

3) Resistance of the bulb when it is not glowing


R
1
= V
1
/I
1



Panitia Fizik SMJK Yu Hua Kajang FM5 Peka 2013
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4) Resistance of the bulb when it is glowing


R
2
= V
2
/ I
2




Precautions :

1.
2.