South Yorkshire

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For similarly named units, see Yorkshire South (disambiguation).
South Yorkshire
County
South Yorkshire montage.png
Clockwise from top left: Sheffield city centre from Meersbrook Park, industry in
Aldwarke, more rural Hellaby, 12th century Conisbrough Castle in Conisbrough, c
entral Doncaster, and Barnsley
South Yorkshire within England
South Yorkshire shown within England
Coordinates: 5330'N 120'WCoordinates: 5330'N 120'W
Sovereign state United Kingdom
Constituent country England
Region Yorkshire and the Humber
Established 1 April 1974
Established by Local Government Act 1972
Ceremonial county
Lord Lieutenant Giles Bloomer
High Sheriff Ruby Sykes
Area 1,552 km2 (599 sq mi)
Ranked 38th of 48
Population (2011 est.) 1,343,900
Ranked 10th of 48
Density 866 /km2 (2,240 /sq mi)
Ethnicity 95.0% White
2.6% S.Asian
2.4% Black
Metropolitan county
Government Barnsley, Doncaster, Rotherham and Sheffield Combined Authority
Joint committees South Yorkshire Joint Secretariat
ONS code 2C
GSS code E11000003
NUTS UKE3
Website www.southyorks.gov.uk
South Yorkshire numbered districts.svg
Districts of South Yorkshire
Metropolitan districts
Districts
Sheffield
Rotherham
Doncaster
Barnsley
Members of Parliament List of MPs
Police South Yorkshire Police
Time zone GMT (UTC0)
Summer (DST) BST (UTC+1)
South Yorkshire is a metropolitan county in the Yorkshire and the Humber region
of England. It has a population of 1.34 million (2011). It consists of four metr
opolitan boroughs: Barnsley, Doncaster, Rotherham and Sheffield. South Yorkshire
was created on 1 April 1974 as a result of the Local Government Act 1972.[1][2]
Lying on the east side of the Pennines, South Yorkshire is landlocked, and borde
rs Derbyshire (to the west and south-west), West Yorkshire (to the north-west),
North Yorkshire (to the north), the East Riding of Yorkshire (to the north-east)
, Lincolnshire (to the east) and Nottinghamshire (to the south-east). The Sheffi
eld Urban Area is the ninth most populous conurbation in the UK, and dominates t
he western half of South Yorkshire with over half of the county's population liv
ing within it.
South Yorkshire County Council was abolished in 1986, and so its districts (the
metropolitan boroughs) are now effectively unitary authority areas; however, the
metropolitan county, which is some 1,552 square kilometres (599 sq mi),[3][4] c
ontinues to exist in law and as a geographic frame of reference.[5] As a ceremon
ial county, South Yorkshire has a Lord Lieutenant and a High Sheriff.
South Yorkshire was created from 32 local government districts of the West Ridin
g of Yorkshire (the administrative county and four independent county boroughs),
with small areas from Derbyshire and Nottinghamshire.
Contents [hide]
1 History
1.1 Redcliffe-Maud Report
1.2 After 1974
2 Geography
3 Governance
4 Economy
5 Places of interest
6 Notes
7 External links
History[edit]
See also: History of Sheffield and History of Yorkshire
Although the modern county of South Yorkshire was not created until 1974, the hi
story of its constituent settlements and parts goes back centuries. Prehistoric
remains include a Mesolithic "house" (a circle of stones in the shape of a hut-b
ase) dating to around 8000 BC, found at Deepcar, in the northern part of Sheffie
ld.[6] Evidence of even earlier inhabitation in the wider region exists about 3
miles (4.8 km) over the county boundary at Creswell Crags in Derbyshire, where a
rtefacts and rock art found in caves have been dated by archaeologists to the la
te Upper Palaeolithic period, at least 12,800 years ago.[7] The region was on th
e frontier of the Roman Empire during the Roman period.[8]
The main settlements of South Yorkshire grew up around the industries of mining
and steel manufacturing. The main mining industry was coal which was concentrate
d to the north and east of the county. There were also iron deposits which were
mined in the area. The rivers running off the Pennines to the west of the county
supported the steel industry that is concentrated in the city of Sheffield. The
proximity of the iron and coal also made this an ideal place for steel manufact
ure.
Although Christian nonconformism was never as strong in South Yorkshire as in th
e mill towns of West Yorkshire, there are still many Methodist and Baptist churc
hes in the area. Also, South Yorkshire has a relatively high number of followers
of spiritualism. It is the only county that counts as a full region in the Spir
itualists' National Union.[9]
Redcliffe-Maud Report[edit]
Further information: Redcliffe-Maud Report
The Local Government Commission for England presented draft recommendations, in
December 1965, proposing a new countyYork and North Midlandsroughly centred on the
southern part of the West Riding of Yorkshire and northern parts of Derbyshire
and Nottinghamshire. The review was abolished in favour of the Royal Commission
on Local Government before it was able to issue a final report.
The Royal Commission's 1969 report, known as the Redcliffe-Maud Report, proposed
the removal of much of the then existing system of local government. The commis
sion described the system of administering urban and rural districts separately
as outdated, noting that urban areas provided employment and services for rural
dwellers, and open countryside was used by town dwellers for recreation.[10]
Redcliffe-Maud's recommendations were accepted by the Labour government in Febru
ary 1970.[11] Although the Redcliffe-Maud Report was rejected by the Conservativ
e government after the 1970 general election, there was a commitment to local go
vernment reform, and the need for a metropolitan county of South Yorkshire.
post-1974 pre-1974
Metropolitan county Metropolitan borough County boroughs Non-county borou
ghs Urban districts Rural districts
South Yorkshire County.png
South Yorkshire is an amalgamation of 32 former local government districts, incl
uding four county boroughs.
Barnsley Barnsley - Cudworth Darfield Darton Dearne Dodworth
Dodworth Hoyland Nether Penistone Royston Wombwell Worsbrough Hemsworth Pe
one Wortley
Doncaster Doncaster - Adwick le Street Bentley with Arksey Con
isbrough Mexborough Tickhill Doncaster East Retford (part) Thorne Worksop (pa
rt)
Rotherham Rotherham - Maltby Swinton Rawmarsh Wath upon Dearne
Kiveton Park Rotherham
Sheffield Sheffield - Stocksbridge Wortley
After 1974[edit]
The Local Government Act 1972 reformed local government in England by creating a
system of two-tier metropolitan and non-metropolitan counties and districts thr
oughout the country.[12] The act formally established South Yorkshire on 1 April
1974, although South Yorkshire County Council (SYCC) had been running since ele
ctions in 1973.[13] The leading article in The Times on the day the Local Govern
ment Act came into effect noted that the "new arrangement is a compromise which
seeks to reconcile familiar geography which commands a certain amount of affecti
on and loyalty, with the scale of operations on which modern planning methods ca
n work effectively".[14]
South Yorkshire initially had a two tier structure of local government with a st
rategic-level county council and four districts providing most services.[15]
In 1974, as part of the South Yorkshire Structure Plan of the environment, conse
rvation and land use, South Yorkshire County Council commissioned a public attit
udes survey covering job opportunities, educational facilities, leisure opportun
ities, health and medical services, shopping centres and transport in the county
.[16]
In 1986, throughout England the metropolitan county councils were abolished. The
functions of the county council were devolved to the boroughs; joint-boards cov
ering fire, police and public transport; and to other special joint arrangements
.[17] The joint boards continue to function and include the South Yorkshire Poli
ce Authority and the South Yorkshire Passenger Transport Executive.[18]
Although the county council was abolished, South Yorkshire remains a metropolita
n and ceremonial county with a Lord Lieutenant of South Yorkshire and a High She
riff.
Geography[edit]
The county borders Derbyshire, West Yorkshire, North Yorkshire, the East Riding
of Yorkshire, Lincolnshire and Nottinghamshire. The metropolitan county lies lar
gely on the carboniferous rocks of the Yorkshire coalfield which have produced a
rolling landscape with hills, escarpments and broad valleys. In this landscape
there is widespread evidence of both current and former industrial activity. The
re are numerous mine buildings, former spoil heaps and iron and steel plants. Th
e scenery is a mixture of built up areas, industrial land with some dereliction,
and farmed open country. Ribbon developments along transport routes including c
anal, road and rail are prominent features of the area although some remnants of
the pre industrial landscape and semi-natural vegetation still survive.[19]
Major rivers which cross the area are the Dearne, Rother and Don. To the east, i
n the Doncaster area the landscape becomes flatter as the eastward dipping carbo
niferous rocks of the coalfield are overlain by the lacustrine deposits of the H
umberhead Levels.[20] There is very little evidence of glaciation in the area as
it lies largely beyond the limit of the last glaciation.
The table below outlines many of the county's settlements, and is formatted acco
rding to their metropolitan borough.
Metropolitan county Metropolitan borough Centre of administration
Other places
South Yorkshire Barnsley (borough) SYorks-Barnsley.png Barnsley (town)
Billingley, Birdwell, Cudworth, Darfield, Darton, Dodworth, Great Houghton, Grim
ethorpe, Hoyland Nether, Royston, Penistone, Thurnscoe, Wombwell, Worsbrough
Doncaster (borough) SYorks-Doncaster.png Doncaster (town) Adwick l
e Street, Armthorpe, Askern, Auckley, Balby, Barnby Dun, Bawtry, Bentley, Bessac
arr, Braithwell, Branton, Cantley, Carcroft, Conisbrough, Cusworth Denaby, Dunsc
roft, Dunsville, Edenthorpe, Edlington, Finningley, Fishlake, Hatfield, Hyde Par
k, Intake, Kirk Sandall, Loversall, Marr, Mexborough, Micklebring, Moorends, Sca
wsby, Scawthorpe, Skellow, Stainforth, Rossington, Sykehouse, Norton, Thorne, Ti
ckhill, Wadworth, Wheatley, Wheatley Hills
Rotherham (borough) SYorks-Rotherham.png Rotherham (town) Anston,
Aughton, Brinsworth, Dinnington, Harthill, Kiveton Park, Maltby, Rawmarsh, Schol
es, Swinton, Thorpe Hesley, Todwick, Treeton, Thurcroft, Wales, Wath-upon-Dearne
, Bolton-upon-Dearne, Woodsetts, Whiston
City of Sheffield SYorks-Sheffield.png Sheffield City Centre Beighton
, Chapeltown, Highlane, Mosborough, Oughtibridge, Stocksbridge, Wharncliffe Side
Of these settlements above, South Yorkshire has three main urban areas: the Dear
ne Valley which covers Barnsley and surrounding area; the Sheffield urban area w
hich covers Sheffield, Rotherham and surrounding area; and the Doncaster urban a
rea which covers Doncaster and surrounding area.
Governance[edit]
See also: List of civil parishes in South Yorkshire
The coat of arms of the former South Yorkshire County Council.
The South Yorkshire County Council was abolished and its districts became unitar
y authorities; they are the City of Sheffield, the Metropolitan Borough of Donca
ster, the Metropolitan Borough of Barnsley and the Metropolitan Borough of Rothe
rham.[21]
In 1986, throughout England the metropolitan county councils were abolished. The
functions of the county council were devolved to the boroughs. In practice many
functions are jointly administered by joint authorities containing representati
ves of the four councils. The joint authorities cover fire, police and public tr
ansport.
In the case of South Yorkshire, these authorities are:
Police and Crime Commissioner for South Yorkshire
South Yorkshire Fire and Rescue Authority
South Yorkshire Passenger Transport Executive
South Yorkshire Pensions Authority
These authorities are supported by the South Yorkshire Joint Secretariat based i
n Barnsley. South Yorkshire is the only metropolitan county in the UK that has e
stablished a formal joint secretariat.[22]
The Barnsley, Doncaster, Rotherham and Sheffield Combined Authority was establis
hed in 2014 to bring the leaders of the four councils that make up South Yorkshi
re together on a statutory basis.
Although the county council was abolished, South Yorkshire remains a metropolita
n and ceremonial county with a Lord Lieutenant of South Yorkshire and a High She
riff.
Economy[edit]
As one of the least prosperous areas in Western Europe, South Yorkshire has been
targeted for funding from the European Regional Development Fund. This is a cha
rt of trend of regional gross value added of South Yorkshire at current basic pr
ices with figures in millions of British Pounds Sterling.[23]
Year Regional Gross Value Added[24] Agriculture[25] Industry[26] Services
[27]
1995 L10,453 L67 L3,690 L6,696
2000 L13,187 L53 L4,181 L8,954
2003 L15,799 L57 L4,772 L10,971
Places of interest[edit]
Key
AP Icon.svg Abbey/Priory/Cathedral
Accessible open space Accessible open space
Themepark uk icon.png Amusement/Theme Park
CL icon.svg Castle
Country Park Country Park
EH icon.svg English Heritage
Forestry commission logo.svg Forestry Commission
Heritage railway Heritage railway
Historic house Historic House
Museum (free)
Museum Museum (free/not free)
National Trust National Trust
Drama-icon.svg Theatre
Zoo icon.jpg Zoo
See also: Culture of Sheffield
Abbeydale Industrial Hamlet, Sheffield Museum icon (red).png
Brodsworth Hall and Gardens EH icon.svg
Cannon Hall Museum, Park & Gardens, Barnsley HH icon.png
Chapel of Our Lady of Rotherham Bridge ("Chapel on the Bridge"), Rotherham
Clifton Park Museum, Rotherham
Conisbrough Castle EH icon.svg
Cusworth Hall HH icon.png
Doncaster Mansion House
Elsecar Steam Railway HR icon.svg
Howden Moors UKAL icon.png
Kelham Island Museum, Sheffield Museum icon (red).png
Magna Science Adventure Centre
Meadowhall Centre, Sheffield
Monk Bretton Priory EH icon.svg
Pot House Hamlet
Sheffield Winter Gardens UKAL icon.png
Roche Abbey EH icon.svg
Rother Valley Country Park UKAL icon.png
RSPB Old Moor Wetland Centre
Ulley Reservoir & Country park CP icon.png
Wentworth Castle & Gardens, Barnsley HH icon.png
Wentworth Woodhouse HH icon.png
Weston Park Museum & Mappin Art Gallery, Sheffield
Woodlands model village
Worsborough Mill and Country Park CP icon.png
Wortley Top Forge
Notes[edit]
Jump up ^ Office of the Deputy Prime Minister. "Local Government Finance Statist
ics England No.16". local.odpm.gov.uk. Retrieved 21 February 2008.
Jump up ^ Arnold-Baker, C., Local Government Act 1972, (1973)
Jump up ^ [1][dead link]
Jump up ^ Vision of Britain - South Yorkshire area
Jump up ^ Office for National Statistics. "Gazetteer of the old and new geograph
ies of the United Kingdom" (PDF). statistics.gov.uk. p. 48. Retrieved 6 March 20
08.
Office for National Statistics (17 September 2004). "Beginners' Guide to UK Geogr
aphy: Metropolitan Counties and Districts". statistics.gov.uk. Retrieved 6 March
2008.
"Yorkshire and Humberside Electoral Commission". The Electoral Commission. Retrie
ved 14 January 2009.
Jump up ^ Radley, J.; Mellars, P. (1964). "A Mesolithic structure at Deepcar, Yo
rkshire, England and the affinities of its associated flint industry". Proceedin
gs of the Prehistoric Society 30: pp. 124.
Jump up ^ Pike, Alistair W.G.; Gilmour, Mabs; Pettitt, Paul; Jacobid, Roger; Rip
oll, Sergio; Bahn, Paul; Munoz, Francisco (2005). "Verification of the age of th
e Palaeolithic cave art at Creswell Crags, UK". Journal of Archaeological Scienc
e 32 (11): 16491655. doi:10.1016/j.jas.2005.05.002.
Jump up ^ Rob Cooke/University of Sheffield. "A History of Roman South Yorkshire
".
Jump up ^ Churches and Centres Affiliated to the SNU South Yorkshire District
Jump up ^ Redcliffe-Maud et al. (June 1969), pp. 219235.
Jump up ^ Redcliffe-Maud and Wood (1975), pp. 467, 56, 157.
Jump up ^ HMSO. Local Government Act 1972. 1972 c.70
Jump up ^ "British Local Election Database, 1889-2003". AHDS Arts and Humanities
data service. 28 June 2006. Retrieved 5 March 2008.
Jump up ^ "All change in local affairs". The Times. 1 April 1974.
Jump up ^ Redcliffe-Maud & Wood, B., English Local Government Reformed, (1974)
Jump up ^ Courtenay, G.; Field, J. (1975). South Yorkshire structure plan: publi
c attitude survey.
Jump up ^ Kingdom, J., Local Government and Politics in Britain, (1991)
Jump up ^ South Yorkshire Passenger Transport Executive
Jump up ^ "Nottinghamshire, Derbyshire and Yorkshire Coalfield". www.countryside
.gov.uk. Retrieved 6 October 2008.
Jump up ^ "Humberhead Levels". www.countryside.gov.uk. Retrieved 6 October 2008.
Jump up ^ Vision of Britain - Components of South Yorkshire
Jump up ^ [2][dead link]
Jump up ^ "Regional Gross Value Added" (PDF). Office for National Statistics. 21
December 2005. pp. 240253. Retrieved 6 October 2008.
Jump up ^ Components may not sum to totals due to rounding
Jump up ^ includes hunting and forestry
Jump up ^ includes energy and construction
Jump up ^ includes financial intermediation services indirectly measured
External links[edit]
Wikimedia Commons has media related to South Yorkshire.
http://www.southyorks.gov.uk
Images of South Yorkshire at the English Heritage Archive
South Yorkshire at DMOZ
[show] v t e
Ceremonial county of South Yorkshire
[show] v t e
Yorkshire rose.svg Yorkshire
[show] v t e
Districts of Yorkshire and the Humber
[show] v t e
19741996 Ceremonial counties of England current
[show] v t e
Metropolitan counties
Categories: Metropolitan countiesSouth YorkshireMetropolitan areas of EnglandCou
nties of England established in 1974
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