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INTRODUCTION
1.1Analysis of Cash flow and Funds flow Statements
1.2 Objective of the Study
1.3 Objective of the Study
1.4 Limitation
1.1 INTRODUCTION:Cash plays important role in entire economic life of a business .A firm needs cash
to make payments to its suppliers, to incur day to day expenses and to play salaries,
wages, interest and dividend, etc.
Infact what is blood is to a human body, cash is to a business enterprise. It is very
essential for a business to maintain an adequate balance of cash. But many a times,
a concern operates profitability and yet it becomes very difficult to pay taxes and
dividend. This may be because of
(i)
although huge profits have been earned yet cash may not have been
received or
(ii)
Even if the cash has been received , it may be drained out for some
other purposes.
Funds flow statement is a statement is which shows the movement of funds and is
a report of the financial operations of the business undertaking .It indicates various
means by which funds were obtained during a particular period and the way in
which these funds were employed .In simple words, it is a statement of sources and
applications of funds.
1.3Scope of study:j The data and information were gathered during training.
j The scope is limited to the secondary data only.
j The scope is delimited to the year 2007 -08 to 2009-10.
1.4 Limitation:j It is only based on mathematical interpretation of figures and ignores the
factors such as management style, motivation of workers, leadership.
j It is effected by price level changes.
j It is post-mortem analysis of what has happened .The position in the interim
period is not revealed by analysis of cash flow and funds flow analysis.
CHAPTER-II
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
2.RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
The data or information has been collected from two sources:
(i)
(ii)
Primary data
Secondary data
Primary data are those data collected from individuals, officials, guide ,view
from heads of Finance department .These data are collected through observation
of records and files.
2.2 SECONDARY DATA
Secondary data are those which are already gathered and available .They may be
internal sources within the firm. Externally these sources include books,
periodicals, published report etc.For collection of data; I have consulted the
following secondary data:
CHAPTER-III
COMPANY PROFILE
3.1 ABOUT THE UNIT
3.2 PROMOTERS PROFILE
3.3 LOCATION
3.4 MARKET POTENTIAL
3.5 TECHNICAL ASPECTS
3.6 ECONOMIC FEASIBILITY
3.7 BASIS OF PRESUMPTION
Address
Father
Date of Birth
Permanent Account No.
Constitution
Nature of Business
MANDAR SWAIN
05/08/1964
CRHPS6283B
PROPRIETORSHIP
MANUFACTURING/PROCESSING OF PADDY
INTO RICE(RICE MILL)
Rs.67,26,000
CAPITAL EXPENDITURE
WORKING CAPITAL
Means of Finance
Category
Banker
Rs. 40,26,000
Rs. 27,00,000
Quantity : 6000 MT
3.1
INTRODUCTION:
Rice is mainly used as main food in the form of milled grain. Rice may also be
used as flour or in broken form for any other food preparation. Rice constitutes the
stable food for half of the worlds population. Rice is a principal cereal crop grown
in warm humid areas of subtropical regions like India, Pakistan, China, Japan,
Thailand, Berma, Srilanka etc. Our country is second largest producer of rice in the
world. More than 80 million tones of paddy are milled annually in the mechanized
sector. Rice is a major crop in our country and most of the people live on rice. The
popularity of Rice depends on the fact that, it can readily cook into a soft, easily
digestible and palatable product. It is mainly consumed in the form of whole milled
grain. Rice Production in India accounts for about 60 percent of the total
production of all food grains. The production o Rice is one of the most important
cereal food grain and is used in almost all homes as eatables. The process of Rice
milling ends into by products like the husk and the outer layer of the rice that is
bran and broken rice from the raw material paddy.
About 90% of population of Orissa mainly consumes Rice as their two times
meals. Rice is abundantly grown particularly in districts like Balasore, Sundarga rh,
Gunjam, Undivided Cuttack, Puri, Khorda, Jajpur etc. The Abundant availability of
paddy and a vast market promoted the promoter to promote this unit and the same
has also been sponsored by KVIC under PMEGP scheme, NABARD and other
govt. sponsored scheme. Govt nodal agencies like, FCI, Orissa Stae Civi Supply
Corp. etc. are processing paddy in the rice mills.
Paddy is being processed by various methods. Major quantity of paddy is processed
through Rice hullers. In these hullers both shelling and polishi ng operations are
carried out simultaneously as a result there is no proper control on polishing of rice.
In this case, bran is obtained admixed with husk and higher breakage of rice occurs.
The yield of rice is 2-5% less than that obtained in modern mills . Today some
advanced techniques are being used for processing of paddy to get better yield and
white quality of rice. These types of rice milling plant are known as modern rice
milling plant. Advantage of modern rice mill is viz.
-
This scheme is prepared on the basis of modern rice mill and designed to
meet the needs of villages and substitute for a huller mill to get polished rice,
parboiled rice, rice bran and paddy husk.
3.4 LOCATION
10
Rice milling consists of a paddy cleaner, sheller, separator and polisher. The
total process can be summarized as below :
a)
A bucket elevator conveys the paddy brought into the Paddy cleaner.
The cleaner is designed to remove straw dust, stones, pebbles, etc. for the
enhancement of value of rice as well as to prevent malfunction of following
process due to mixing of dust.
b)
Clean paddy is thus obtained is then carried to a paddy husker. The
paddy husker consists of a husking chamber and an aspirator to separate
husked rice and husk. In the husking chamber, there are two rubber rollers
which revolve at different speeds and in opposite directions. The paddy
passes between the roller in a gap. The husking rate of paddy husk er through
dependent upon the quality of paddy, attains generally 85 -95%. Means the
husked rice discharged from paddy husker contains about 5 to 15% of
unhusked rice (Paddy).
c)
The separated paddy is again returned into the paddy husker for the
rehusking. Meanwhile husked rice is moved into the next whitening machine
made up of a combination of 3 or 5 units of abrasive roller type and fraction
type. Further refining is done by the removal of bran. The help of cone
polishing does polishing.
d)
Polished rice and bran are got separated and collected separately. For
milling of parboiled paddy, boiling of paddy with hot water takes place after
cleaning then it is dried and dehisced. The additional equipment required for
parboiling unit is mechanical drier and soaking tank for paddy.
The Raw materials is available within a radius of 10 kms. In Orissa now
farmers are harvesting two crops in a year hence raw materials is available
throughout the year at Govt. fixed rates. Also the same can be obtained from
Govt. nodal agencies. The unit is to be registe red with the various Govt.
Dept. (Like FCI, Nabard etc.) in future as a result the milling quota of paddy
is to be fulfill by the unit throughout the year.
11
2. Quality Standards:
There is no Indian Standard Specification for the quality of the Rice except
the size gradation. Hence the product is sold as per customers specification.
3. Production Capacity:
Quantity
(Per Annum)
6000 MT
4. Power requirement:
1000KW.
INCOMES
PRODUCT
CAPACITY
PER YEAR
Fine/Polished Rice
1,440,000
Broken Rice
Bran
12
RATE
PKG (RS.)
Total
Value In
RS.
16.00
23,040,000
240,000
8.00
1,920,000
240,000
6.00
1,440,000
Husk
408,000
0.70
Dust
72,000
3,600,000
Total
6,000,000
285,600
0.90
3,240,000
29,925,600
29,925,600
The said projection is feasible because of Govt . agencies target and bumper
production of paddy in the nearby areas and also geographical location of the unit.
Manager
Nos.
Rate ( Rs.)
Total Per
Month
SELF
Particulars
Supervisor
6,000
6,000
Per Annum
72,000
Skiled
7,000
14,000
168,000
3,000
6,000
72,000
Unskilled
12
3,500
42,000
504,000
Peon/watchman
2,000
4,000
48,000
72,000
864,000
72,000
Helper
864,000
Packing Materials
Sr. No.
1
Items
TON
Paddy
Gunny Bags
and other
packing
materials
200
10,000
LS
Total
13
Rate (Rs.)
20,000
2,020,000
UTILITIES
Water & Electricity
(100kw)
40,000
40,000
1,000
30,000
20,000
Telephone Exp.
2,000
20,000
73,000
C.
D.
This has been taken at 13.50% per annum. Repayments shall be done
in 78 equal monthly installments after 6 months moratorium period for
Rs. 51,000/- per month.
STATEMENT SHOWING THE REPAYMENT OF BA NK TERM LOAN @ 13.50% INTEREST
YEAR
1
Opening
Balance
principal
paid
Installment
Closing
Balance(
Rs.)
Interest(Rs.)
2,600,000
277,771
612,000
2,322,229
334,229
2,322,229
317,679
612,000
2,004,550
294,321
2,004,550
363,322
612,000
1,641,229
248,679
1,641,229
415,522
612,000
1,225,707
196,479
1,225,707
475,221
612,000
750,486
136,779
750,486
750,486
612,000
206,987
68,502
206,987
206,987
213,093
E.
p.a.
14
6,106
F.
Depreciation :
Depreciation has been taken only on assets to be created by the
promoter and shown in the fixed assets schedule of Balance Sheet.
G.
FEASIBILITY STUDY :
1. The production has been calculated on the basis of single of 10 hours and
300 working days in a year with provision of double shift in season.
2. The production capacity presumed to be achieved in the 1 st, 2nd and 3rd year
is 60%, 70%, and 80% respectively of total production capacity.
3. Labour wages has been considered keeping on eye on minimum wages act.
4. The entrepreneur will arrange 35% of Fixed Capital Expenditure and
Working Capital requirements.
5. The rate of interest on fixed capital is @13.5% and working capital is @
12.5%.
6. The operative period of the unit has been considered as 7 years within which
full repayment of loan has to be made.
7. The cost of machinery and equipment has been considered basing on the
prevailing market rates and as per the quotation collected from the suppliers.
15
8. The plant will run by the electricity from state electricity supply where a
sub-station has been/ will be installed with separate transformer and
connecting bass-bars.
9. The project cost is Rs. 67.26 lacs. Bank will finance Rs. 18.00 lacs for
working capital and Rs. 26.00 lac for building & plant commissioning along
with bank guarantee for Rs. 5.00 lac. The promoter will contribute Rs. 23.26
lacs for the project.
10. Moratorium period for the project is 6 months from the date of disbursement
of Term Loan.
IMPLEMENTATION SCHEDULE :
1.
Completed
2.
Complete
3.
2 months
4.
5.
5 months
6.
5 months
7.
1 months
8.
6th Month
9.
6th Month
10.
Trial Production.
6th Month
To be done
16
17
CHAPTER-IV
CASHFLOW AND FUNDS FLOW STATEMENTS
4.1.1Cash flow statement
4.1.2 Purpose
4.1.3 Cash flow activities
4.1.4Preparation methods
4.2.1Definition of fund
4.2.2 Definition of Funds flow Statement
4.2.3Procedure for preparing fund flow statement
4.2.4Application or uses funds
4.2.5 Significance of Funds Flow Statement
4.2.6 Limitations of Funds Flow Statement
4.2.7 Current Ratio
18
4.1.1Cash flow statement:In financial accounting, a cash flow statement, also known as statement of cash
flows or funds flow statement is a financial statement that shows how changes in
balance sheet accounts and income affect cash and cash equivalents, and breaks the
analysis down to operating, investing, and financing activities. Essentially, the cash
flow statement is concerned with the flow of cash in and cash out of the business.
The statement captures both the current operating results and the accompanying
changes in the balance sheet. As an analytical tool, the statement of cash flows is
useful in determining the short-term viability of a company, particularly its ability
to pay bills. International Accounting Standard 7 (IAS 7), is the International
Accounting Standard that deals with cash flow statements.
People and groups interested in cash flow statements include:
y
y
y
y
y
4.1.2 Purpose
Statement of Cash Flow - Simple Example
for the period 01/01/2006 to 12/31/2006
Cash flow from operations
Rs.4,000
Cash flow from investing
Rs.(1,000)
Cash flow from financing
Rs.(2,000)
Net cash flow
Rs.1,000
Parentheses indicate negative values
The cash flow statement was previously known as the flow of Cash statement.
The cash flow statement reflects a firm's liquidity.
The balance sheet is a snapshot of a firm's financial resources and obligations at a
single point in time, and the income statement summarizes a firm's financial
19
transactions over an interval of time. These two financial statements reflect the
accrual basis accounting used by firms to match revenues with the expenses
associated with generating those revenues. The cash flow statement includes o nly
inflows and outflows of cash and cash equivalents; it excludes transactions that do
not directly affect cash receipts and payments. These non cash transactions include
depreciation or write-offs on bad debts or credit losses to name a few. The cash
flow statement is a cash basis report on three types of financial activities: operating
activities, investing activities, and financing activities. Noncash a ctivities are
usually reported in footnotes.
The cash flow statement is intended to
1. provide information on a firm's liquidity and solvency and its ability to
change cash flows in future circumstances
2. provide additional information for evaluating changes in assets, liabilities
and equity
3. improve the comparability of different firms' operating performance by
eliminating the effects of different accounting methods
4. indicate the amount, timing and probability of f uture cash flows
The cash flow statement has been adopted as a standard financial statement because
it eliminates allocations, which might be derived from different accounting
methods, such as various timeframes for depreciating fixed assets.
4.1.3 Cash flow activities:The cash flow statement is partitioned into three segments, namely: cash flow
resulting from operating activities, cash flow resulting from investing activities,
and cash flow resulting from financing activities.
The money coming into the business is called cash inflow, and money going out
from the business is called cash outflow.
1. Operating activities
Operating activities include the production, sales and delivery of the company's
product as well as collecting payment from its customers. This could include
purchasing raw materials, building inventory, advertising, and shipping the
product.
Under IAS 7, operating cash flows include:
20
y
y
y
y
y
y
y
Items which are added back to [or subtracted from, as appropriate] the net income
figure (which is found on the Income Statement) to arrive at cash flows from
operations generally include:
y
y
y
y
2. Investing activities
Examples of investing activities are
y
y
y
3. Financing activities
Financing activities include the inflow of cash from investors such as banks and
shareholders, as well as the outflow of cash to shareholders as dividends as the
company generates income. Other activities which impact the long -term liabilities
and equity of the company are also listed in the financi ng activities section of the
cash flow statement.
Under IAS 7,
21
y
y
y
y
y
Dividends paid
Sale or repurchase of the company 's stock
Net borrowings
Payment of dividend tax
4.1.4Preparation methods:The direct method of preparing a cash flow statement results in a more easily
understood report. The indirect method is almost universally used, because FAS 95
requires a supplementary report similar to the indirect method if a company
chooses to use the direct method.
Direct method
The direct method for creating a cash flow statement reports major classes of gross
cash receipts and payments. Under IAS 7, dividends received may be reported
under operating activities or under investing activities. If taxes paid are directly
linked to operating activities, they are reported under operating activities; if the
22
taxes are directly linked to investing activities or financing activities, they are
reported under investing or financing activities.
Sample cash flow statement using the direct method]
Cash flows from (used in) operating activities
Cash receipts from customers
3,000
Cash paid to suppliers and employees
(2,000)
Cash generated from operations (sum)
7,500
Interest paid
(2,000)
Income taxes paid
(4,000)
Net cash flows from operating activities
2,500
Cash flows from (used in) investing activities
Proceeds from the sale of equipment
7,500
Dividends received
3,000
Net cash flows from investing activities
10,500
Cash flows from (used in) financing activities
Dividends paid
(2,500)
Net cash flows used in financing activities
(2,500)
.
Net increase in cash and cash equivalents
10,500
Cash and cash equivalents, beginning of year
1,000
Cash and cash equivalents, end of year
$11,500
Indirect method
The indirect method uses net-income as a starting point, makes adjustments for all
transactions for non-cash items, then adjusts from all cash-based transactions. An
increase in an asset account is subtracted for net income, and an increase in a
liability account is added back to net income. This method converts accrual -basis
net income (or loss) into cash flow by using a series of additions and deductions.
23
Rules
The following rules are used to make adjustments for changes in current assets and
liabilities, operating items not providing or using cash and non -operating items.
y
y
y
y
y
y
y
y
4.2.1Definition of fund
fund simply means availability of cash in daily use
24
2 making adjusted profit and loss account or statement showing fund from
operation or lost in operation
3rd Step
4.2.4Application or uses funds:1. Funds lost in operation:Sometimes the result of trading in a certain year is a loss and some funds are
lost during that period in trading operations. Such loss of funds in trading amounts
to an outflow of funds and is treated as an application of funds.
2. Redemption of preference share capital:If during the year any preference shares are redeemed, it will result the shares are
redeemed at premium or discount, it is the net amount paid (inclu ding premium or
excluding discount, as the case may be ).However , if shares are redeemed in
exchanges of some other type of shares or debentures , it does not constitute an
outflow of funds as no current account is involved in the case.
25
3. Repayment of loans or redemption of debentures, etc:In the same way as redemption of preference share capital , redemption
of
4. Purchase of any current or fixed asset:When any fixed or non-current assets like land, building, plant and machinery,
furniture long term investment, etc are purchased funds outflow from the business.
However, if fixed assets are purchased for a consideration of issue of shares or
debentures or if some fixed asset is exchanged for another, it does not involve any
funds and hence not an application of funds.
5. Payment of dividends and tax:Payments of dividends and tax are also application of funds .It is the actual
payment of dividend (may be interim dividend) and tax which should be taken as
an Outflow of funds and not the mere declaration of dividend creating of of a
provision for taxation.
6. Any other non-trading payment:A payment or expense not related to the trading operati on of the business
amounts to outflow of funds and is taken as an application of funds. The examples
could be drawings in case of sole trader or partnership firms, loss of cash, etc.
26
4.2.7 Current Ratio:Current ratio can be defined as the relationship between current assets and current
liabilities .this ratio, is also known as working capital ratio , is a measure of general
liquidity and is most widely used to make the analysis of short term financial
position or liquidity of a firm .it is calculated by dividing the total of current assets
by total of the current liabilities.
Current ratio =current asset
Current liabilities
Or current asset: current liabilities
4.2.8 Break Even Point:The Break Even Point can be calculated by dividing the fixed cost by percentage of
contribution to sales or P/V Ratio.
Break Even Point =Fixed cost
p/v ratio
27
CHAPTER-V
28
2008-09
2009-10
1st
2nd
3rd
Opening balance
2809189
3442318
Capital introduced
2326108
882537
1133253
1604417
3208645
3942442
5046736
399456
500124
598640
Proprietors fund
2809189
3442318
4448096
2322229
2004550
1641229
179956
1801245
1802451
Total
6930983
7248114
7891775
4026000
4026000
4026000
Less: depreciation
542425
1009634
1410878
3483575
3016366
2615122
Closing stock
1500243
1501243
1499568
Receivables
1199865
1488976
2000457
747300
1241529
1776628
6930983
7248114
7891775
Particulars/year
Liabilities
Assets
29
2008-09
2009-10
Particulars
1st
2nd
3rd
Capacity utilization
60
70
80
Sales/receipts
17955360
20947920
23940480
1500243
1501243
Add:Closing stock
1500243
1501243
1499568
19455603
20948920
23938805
Material consumed
15844675
16968543
19392546
518400
604800
691200
145782
169851
189452
Utility
284571
336842
374512
Depreciation
542425
467209
401243
Administrative Exp.
17335853
18547245
21048953
355421
375684
398654
12457
15431
19850
Telephone Expences
24510
31204
33420
42571
41523
48571
241567
285746
294751
Administrative cost
676526
749588
795246
334229
294321
248679
226457
224513
241510
COST OF SALES
18573066
19815667
22334388
NET PROFIT
882537
1133253
1604417
882537
1133253
1604417
Manufacturing Exp.
30
2008-09
2nd
2009-10
3rd
1,79,55,360
2,09,47,920
2,39,40,480
18,33,684
18,99,903
Variable Cost
1,52,39,139
1,79,14,764
2,03,88,065
Total Cost
1,70,72,823
1,98,14,667
2,23,36,063
27,16,221
30,33,156
Particulars
Sales/Receipts
Fixed Cost
31
68
63
19,47,997
35,52,415
55
55
11.81
11.46
12.07
4.92
5.41
6.70
16,04,417
8,82,537
11,33,253
Add: Depreciation
5,42,425
4,67,209
4,01,243
2,26,457
2,24,513
2,41,510
Total
16,51,419
18,24,975
PAYMENTS
Interest on Term
Loan
5,60,686
5,18,834
4,90,189
Instalment (Principal)
2,77,771
3,17,679
3,63,322
Total
8,38,457
8,36,513
8,53,511
1.97
2.18
2.63
DSCR
22,47,170
Average DSCR
2.36
CALCULATION OF CURRENT
RATIO
Closing Stock
15,00,243.00
15,01,243.00
14,99,568.00
Recviables
11,99,865.00
14,88,976.00
20,00,457.00
Investment
Cash & Bank
Balance
TOTAL CURRENT
ASSETS
Cash Credit From
Bank
Loan Instalment due
in next year
TOTAL CURRENT
LIABILITIES
7,47,300.00
12,41,529.00
17,76,628.00
34,47,408.00
42,31,748.00
52,76,653.00
17,99,564.00
18,01,245.00
18,02,451.00
3,17,679.00
3,63,322.00
4,15,522.00
21,17,243.00
21,64,567.00
22,17,973.00
CURRENT RATIO
1.63
1.96
2.38
TOL/TNW
1.47
1.11
0.77
PAYMENTS
Interest on Term Loan
5,60,686
5,18,834
4,90,189
Instalment(Principal)
2,77,771
3,17,679
3,63,322
Total
8,38,457
8,36,513
8,53,511
1.97
2.18
2.63
DSCR
Average DSCR
32
2.36
Closing Stock
15,00,243.00
15,01,243.00
14,99,568.00
Receivables
11,99,865.00
14,88,976.00
20,00,457.00
Investment
7,47,300.00
12,41,529.00
17,76,628.00
34,47,408.00
42,31,748.00
52,76,653.00
17,99,564.00
18,01,245.00
18,02,451.00
3,17,679.00
3,63,322.00
4,15,522.00
21,17,243.00
21,64,567.00
22,17,973.00
CURRENT RATIO
1.63
1.96
2.38
TOL/TNW
1.47
1.11
0.77
33
M/S MAA DURGA DEVI RICE MILL, PROP. :NIRMAL KUMAR BEHERA
AT : BADABARANG, PO : SRI BALADEVJEW
DIST:KENDRAPARA
754212
Statement
1st
2nd
3rd
2007-08
Particulars
2008-09
2009-10
Inflow of Cash
Promoter's Capital
23,26,108
Profit
8,82,537
11,33,253
16,04,417
Add: Depreciation
5,42,425
4,67,209
4,01,243
Term Loan
26,00,000
Cash Credit
17,99,564
1,681
1,206
Decrease in Investment
81,50,634
Total
16,02,143
20,06,866
ASSETS
Gross Fixed Assets
40,26,000
Drawing Of Capital
3,99,456
5,00,124
27,00,108
2,90,111
5,09,806
2,77,771
3,17,679
3,63,322
74,03,335
11,07,914
14,71,768
7,47,300
4,94,229
5,35,098
7,47,300
12,41,529
12,41,529
17,76,627
5,98,640
-
7,47,300
34
2007-08
1500243
1199865
747300
3447408
2008-09
1501243
1488976
1241529
4231748
1799564
1799564
1647844
782659
2430503
Increase Decrease
1000
289111
494229
1801245
1801245
2430503
2430503 784340
1681
782659
784340
Interpretation:1. The statement of changes in working capital at 2007 -08 shows closing stock
is 1500243 and later 2008-09 increased to 1501243.hence increase in assets
occurs.
2. Receivables are increased by 289111 at 2008 -09 from 2007-08.
3. The liquidity of the firm has improved due to significance increase of
494292 in cash.
4. Amount of current liability has increased and hence there will be decrease in
working capital.
5. WORKING CAPITAL HAS INCREASED WHICH FINANCIAL SOUNDNESS OF
THE FIRM.
35
2008-09
1501243
1488976
1241529
4231748
1801245
1801245
2430503
1043699
3474202
1802451
1802451
3474202
1206
1043699
3474202 1046580 1046580
Interpretation:1. The statement of changes in working capital at 2009 -10 shows a minute
decrease in closing stock than 2008-09 i.e. 1675.hence decrease in assets
occurs.
2. Receivables are increased by 511481 in 2009 -10 than at 2008-09.
3. The liquidity of the firm has improved due to significance increase of
535099 in cash.
4. Amount of current liability has increased and hence there will be decrease in
working capital.
WORKING CAPITAL HAS INCREASED WHICH SHOWS A GOOD SOLVENCY
POSITION.
36
2008-09
2009-10
To net profit
822537
To
Depreciation
To balance
c/d
542425
113325
3
467209
160441
7
401243
60000
142496
2
160046
2
200566
0
PARTICULARS 2007-08
2008-09
Interpretation:1. The net profit occurs at 2008-09 is 250616 which is more than the 2007 -08
and there is a little increase at 2009 -10 in net profit which is more than the
year 2008-09 by 471164.
2. Change in Depreciation occurs is less in year 2009 -10 incomparatively to
2008-09 and 2008-09 is lower than 2007-08.
3. Less funds from operations change made in 2007 -08 than 2008-09 than that
of 2009-10.
37
2009-10
SOURCES
Introduction
of capital
Raising of
long term
loans
Funds from
operations
Repayments of
long term loans
4026000 317679
Interpretation:1. The funds flow of 2007-08 is 6073299 which is the highest in comparision
to 2008-09 and 2009-10.
2. The funds flow of 2009-10 is higher than 2008-09.
3. Long term loans are not used in 2008-09 and 2009-10.
4. Funds from operations was very less.
38
363321
year
2007-08
2009-10
1st
Sales/recei ts
2008-09
2nd
3rd
17955360
20947920
23940480
SALES/RECEIPTS
23940480
25000000
20000000
20947920
17955360
15000000
particulars
10000000
sales/Receipts
5000000
0
2007-08
2008-09
2009-10
Fi
IT TION:
INTE
(ii
(iii
39
year
2007-08
2008-09
2009-10
particulars
1st
2nd
3rd
Fixed cost
183384
1899903
1947997
FIXED OST
89990
84
947997
2000000
00000
particulars
000000
fixed cost
00000
2008-09
Fi
IT TION:
INTE
2009- 0
2007-08
(ii
40
year
2007-08
2008-09
2009-10
particulars
1st
2nd
3rd
Variable cost
15239139
17914764
20388065
VARIABLE COST
,000,000
(3
4 3
9,
0,000,000
(6
0, 88,0
7,9 4,7 4
4) 43 ()
,000,000
10
Particulars
0,000,000
Variable Cost
,000,000
008-09
$#"!
Fi
'
IT TION :
%&%
INTE
009- 0
007-08
(ii
41
year
2007-08
2008-09
2009-10
particulars
1st
2nd
3rd
Break even
point(in %)
68
63
55
62
Average
B (%)
87
FH
GG
70
0
0
40
0
0
0
-
G
H
Particulars
Breakeven Point ( IN %)
D
E
F
Avearge BEP ( IN %)
008-09
009- 0
007-08
@9
Fi
IT TION :
ABA
INTE
re 4
(ii)
42
In year 2007-08 the the break even point is 68 and in 2008-09 the
break even point is decreased to 63 and then increased to 55 by 8point
in 2009-2010.
Among the three years the average break even point is 2008
-09.i.e 62
as shown in above figure.
year
2007-08
2008-09
2009-10
particulars
1st
2nd
3rd
DSCR
1.97
2.18
2.63
Average DSCR
2.12
`
2
Particulars
DSCR
Average DSCR
X
-
2008-09
2009- 0
2007-08
T SR
Fi
IT TION :
UVU
INTE
re
(ii)
(iii)
43
year
2007-08
2008-09
2009-10
particulars
1st
2nd
3rd
Gross profit
Ratio(in %)
11.81
11.46
12.07
.4
f ee
.8
d dd
Particulars
2
-
2008-09
Figure
2009- 0
2007-08
INTERPRIT TION :
(ii)
44
In year 2007-08 the the gross profit ratio is 11.81 and in 2008-09
the gross profit ratio is increased to 11.46 and then increased to 12.07
in 2009-2010.
Among the three years the highest gross profit ratio is 2009-2010.i.e
12.07 as shown in above figure.
Year
2007-08
2008-09
2009-10
particulars
1st
2nd
3rd
Net Proft
Ratio(in %)
4.92
5.41
6.70
.4
h p
4.92
p
4
Particulars
h
2008-09
2009- 0
2007-08
Figure 7
INTERPRIT TION :
(ii)
45
In year 2007-08 the the net profit ratio is 4.92 and in 2008-09 the
net profit ratio is increased to 5.41 and then increased to 6.70 in
2009-2010.
Among the three years the highest net profit ratio is 2009-2010.i.e
6.70 as shown in above
year
2007-08
2008-09
2009-10
particulars
1st
2nd
3rd
Current ratio
1.63
1.96
2.38
CURRENT RATIO
. 8
.96
.6
y x
Parti ular
CURRENT RATIO
u
u
009- 0
008-09
007-08
Figure 8
INTERPRIT TION :
(ii)
46
In year 2007-08 the the current ratio is 1.63 and in 2008-09 the
gross profit ratio is increased to 1.96 and then increased to 2.38 in
2009-2010.
Among the three years the highest current ratio is 2009-2010.i.e
2.38 as shown in above
CHAPTER-VI
CONCLUSIONS
RECOMMENDATIONS
BIBLIOGRAPHY
47
CONCLUSION :This project work in the finance sector is going to help me a lot in future. I got to
learn many financial aspects of the organization.
It was great opportunity for me to do my Summer Project at S. Das and Associates.
Since it is both labour and capital intensive industry, the cash flow and funds flow
statements requirement is quite essential and hence my job was to analy ze the trend
of working capital, cash flows and flow of funds over the past years.
I have put up the best in me and left no stone un-turned to reveal the facts and
figures that carry equal importance for accurate analysis. I have spent a
considerable time and effort in analyzing, conceptualizing and designing this
project.
This project contains several features are visibly apparent with some subtle
findings and exploration. For instance, I have described theoretical concepts and
specialized analysis techniques in simple and lucid terms, without any technical
jargons. This project report contains data and calculations in readable and
comprehensible framework.
I have streamlined the chapters to move thoughtfully and pondering to important
points and thereby making the entire project quite concise precise.
From all the above interpretation we may conclude that the overall performance
of the chaterd firm is satisfactory.the growth rate of the rice mill shows a sound
position in the future.
48
Compa y should raise fu ds through short term sources for short term
requireme ts of fu ds, which comparatively eco omical as compare to
lo g term fu ds.
Compa y should take co trol o debtors collectio period which is
major part of curre t assets.
Compa y has to take co trol o cash bala ce because cash is o
ear i g assets a d i creasi g cost of fu ds.
Over all compa y has good liquidity positio a d sufficie t f u ds to
repayme t of liabilities. Compa y has accepted co servative fi a cial policy
a d thus mai tai i g more curre t assets bala ce. Compa y is i creasi g
sales volume per year which supported to compa y for sustai i g a good
positio i the world.
49
BIBLIOGRAPHY:Web-sites:(ii)
(iii)
Reference Books:
Annual report of the rice mill
Financial management by (R.k Sharma,Shashi Gupta, 2010)
50