1

A
B
B

A
B
,


2
0
0
8
2008-12-16 SA2008-001386
Substation Automation and
Protection Training
REB 500/REB500Sys
Busbar Protection
operating principles

A
B
B

A
B
,


2
0
0
8
2008-12-16
De-central installation and functionality in the bay - units
Two independent algorithms based on different principles
Special measuring algorithms for busbar protection in high
impedance grounded network.
Low CT requirements
Selective operation despite CT - saturation
High reliability via continuous self - supervision
Single point of access for:
substation system configuration
event & disturbance recording
system monitoring
Interface to substation automation and monitoring system
Main characteristics

A
B
B

A
B
,


2
0
0
8
2008-12-16
Two independent protection algorithms
REB 500 operating principles
Stabilized current differential algorithm
Comparison of current directions (phase comparison)
&
Decision
Stabilized differential Current
Phase Comparison.

A
B
B

A
B
,


2
0
0
8
2008-12-16
External Fault
I
1
= 5kA
I
1
= 5kA
I
3
= -10 kA
I
3
= -10 kA
I
2
= 5kA
I
2
= 5kA
REB 500 operating principles

A
B
B

A
B
,


2
0
0
8
2008-12-16
Internal Fault
I
1
= 5kA
I
1
= 5kA
I
3
= 0 kA
I
3
= 0 kA
I
2
= 5kA
I
2
= 5kA
REB 500 operating principles

A
B
B

A
B
,


2
0
0
8
2008-12-16
External Fault with Current transformer saturation
I
1
= 5kA
I
1
= 5kA
I
3
= -2 kA
I
3
= -2 kA
I
2
= 5kA
I
2
= 5kA
REB 500 operating principles

A
B
B

A
B
,


2
0
0
8
2008-12-16
Stabilized current differential algorithm
Restraint Current I
Rest
Differential current
I
Diff
I
n
t
e
r
n
a
l

F
a
u
l
t
No Fault
I
kmin
k= 0,85
k= 1
0
REB 500 operating principles

A
B
B

A
B
,


2
0
0
8
2008-12-16
Im
Re
Case1: external fault 74

12
=139
I
2
I
1
I
2
I
1
Comparison of current directions (phase comparison for external fault)
REB 500 operating principles

A
B
B

A
B
,


2
0
0
8
2008-12-16
Case 2: internal fault < 74
Im
Re

12
=40
I
1
I
2
I
2
I
1
Comparison of current directions (phase comparison for internal fault)
REB 500 operating principles

A
B
B

A
B
,


2
0
0
8
2008-12-16
Tripping time
t

t
1
Timet
t
2
t
3
t
4
t
5
t
6
t
7
Definition
Time to recognition of fault (I
Diff
/ I
kmin
= 10 )
21,9 ms
Time
3 ms
0-(8) ms
4 ms
8 ms
1,5 ms
5 ms
0,4 ms
Sample window (1 Bus cycle)
Preprocessing in the BU
Transfer and processing in the CU
Release of trip signals in the BU
Closing time tripping relay
Tolerance
Total tripping time
Graphic
REB 500 operating principles

A
B
B

A
B
,


2
0
0
8
2008-12-16
t
5
=1,5ms
t
6
=5ms
E
C
Central Unit
E
C
Bay Unit
Tripping time
I
Diff
I
kmin
= 10
t

= 21,9 - 29,9 ms
Fault incidence
t
2
= 8ms
t
1
=3ms t
3
=4ms
Protection trip
t
7
=0,4ms
t
4
= 8 ms
4ms 4ms
REB 500 operating principles

A
B
B

A
B
,


2
0
0
8
2008-12-16
1,2 5 10 20 30 40
I
Diff
I
kmin
Tripping
time
50
40 ms
30
20
10
0
28 ms max.
20 ms min.
REB 500 operating principles

A
B
B

A
B
,


2
0
0
8
2008-12-16
S/H MUX
A/D
A/I
DIG
DSP
DIG
Max
Current signal pre- processing
t
0
I
2
Signal- prolongation
at
CT saturation
REB 500 operating principles

A
B
B

A
B
,


2
0
0
8
2008-12-16
The method of PEAK CURRENT EXTENSION (ABB patent) in case of
CT saturation allows the best reproduction of the unsaturated (original)
current signal!
t
0
40 ms 10 20 30
-40
-20
20
40
60 I
N
0
t
a
t
h
t
o
I
Current signal pre- processing
REB 500 operating principles

A
B
B

A
B
,


2
0
0
8
2008-12-16
Comparison
without peak current extension:
Amplitude difference: big
Phaseangle difference: big (~ 90)
0
I
t
a

with peak current extension:

Amplitude difference: smaller
Phaseangle difference: very small
a
t
0
I

DC comp.
Current signal pre- processing
REB 500 operating principles

A
B
B

A
B
,


2
0
0
8
2008-12-16
I1 +I2 + I3 + I4 0
CT SATURATION !!!
G
I1
I2
I3
I4
Current signal pre- processing
REB 500 operating principles

A
B
B

A
B
,


2
0
0
8
2008-12-16
BBP fault with extreme current transformer saturation!
time
ms
50 I
N
I

/

I
n
Current signal pre- processing-Result of the simulation
REB 500 operating principles

A
B
B

A
B
,


2
0
0
8
2008-12-16
stabilized current differential algorithm
0 50 100 ms 150
time
k
stabilized current differential algorithm
0 50 100 ms 150
time
k
Current signal pre- processing-Result of the simulation
Without Peak current extension
With Peak current extension
REB 500 operating principles

A
B
B

A
B
,


2
0
0
8
2008-12-16
time
140 ms
Phase
Difference
Phase comparison
time
140 ms
Phase
Difference
Phase comparison
Current signal pre- processing-Result of the simulation
Without Peak current extension
With Peak current extension
REB 500 operating principles

A
B
B

A
B
,


2
0
0
8
2008-12-16
Conclusion.
The REB500 / REB500sys Busbar Protection algorithm with Peak Current
Extension is
extremely stable on external faults with high CT saturation
applicable on fast autoreclosing with pre- magnetized current
transformers
typical tripping time: 25ms
REB 500 operating principles

A
B
B

A
B
,


2
0
0
8
2008-12-16
Release for
SECURITY
&
TRIP
Tripping for FAULT
LOCATION
Measurement
System
1
Additional Tripping / Release Criterias
REB 500 operating principles

A
B
B

A
B
,


2
0
0
8
2008-12-16
Neutral Differential Current Measurement
is designed to be able to detect internal busbar faults in low impedance
earthed power systems: Limited earth fault current to certain level (300
2000A)
No Trip for Phase
Differential Measurement
!!!
Additional Tripping / Release Criterias
REB 500 operating principles

A
B
B

A
B
,


2
0
0
8
2008-12-16
I = I
N

I
Rest
= I
N

(IN = Neutral Current)

and therefore:
K = I
N
/ I
N
= I
K
/ I
K
= 1
TRIP
Additional Tripping / Release Criterias
REB 500 operating principles

A
B
B

A
B
,


2
0
0
8
2008-12-16
Check Zone
Additional Tripping / Release Criterias
REB 500 operating principles

A
B
B

A
B
,


2
0
0
8
2008-12-16
D
i
f
f
e
r
e
n
t
i
a
l

c
u
r
r
e
n
t

I
d
i
f
f
=

|

I

|
Restraint current IRest = | I |
no fault
I
kmin
k= 1
0
I
n
t
e
r
n
a
l

f
a
u
l
t

R
E
B
5
0
0
k
fault
Check Zone
Additional Tripping / Release Criterias
REB 500 operating principles

A
B
B

A
B
,


2
0
0
8
2008-12-16
The stability factor k must be calculated very carefully !
The Phase Comparison Algorithm is not used in the REB500 system
Check Zone
Additional Tripping / Release Criterias
REB 500 operating principles

A
B
B

A
B
,


2
0
0
8
2008-12-16
Over Current Release
Only that feeders on which a
settable over current value is
reached will be tripped in case of
a trip of the busbar protection
I1 = I2 = I3 = I4 =
300A 250A 50A 100A
I>
I> I> I>
Additional Tripping / Release Criterias
REB 500 operating principles

A
B
B

A
B
,


2
0
0
8
2008-12-16
Under Voltage Release
The busbar zone which should be tripped must fulfil a settable under
voltage value
U
U U
U
Additional Tripping / Release Criterias
REB 500 operating principles

A
B
B

A
B
,


2
0
0
8
2008-12-16
Additional Tripping / Release Criterias
Under Voltage Release
The busbar zone which should be tripped must fulfil a
settable under voltage value
U
U <U
U