County: Any Design: BRG Date: 9/2009

Hwy: Any Ck Dsn: BRG Date: 9/2009

SLAB DESIGN EXAMPLE
Design: Using AASHTO LRFD Bridge Design Specifications, 4
th
Edition (2007) and
TxDOT LRFD Bridge Design Manual (2007)
8" Slab with std. reinf.
9'-0" Beam Spacing, 3'-0" Overhang
Deck Design (Traditional) [9.6.1]
Use approximate elastic methods in [4.6.2.1]
from [C4.6.2.1.6], use tabulated LL+IM moments in Appendix A4.1
For prestr. beams, assume 12" top flange, therefore take -M @ 4" from CL Gird.
as per [4.6.2.1.6]
-M
r
~ Slab Negative Moment Capacity:
kip 1000lb =
ksi
kip
in
2
=
f
y
60ksi =
b 12in =
Bars A ~ # 5's @ 6"
Bars B ~ # 5's @ 6"
f
c
4 ksi =
A
s
0.62in
2
=

1
0.85 = SEC
c
A
s
f
y

0.85
1
f
c
b
=
[5.7.3.1.2-4]
c 1.073 in =
Slab Design Example 1 September 2009
d
negS
= slab thickness - top cover - 1/2bar diameter
d
negS
8in 2in
0.625in
2
=
d
negS
5.688 in =
a c
1
= a 0.912 in =
Calc. M
n
: [5.7.3.2.3] and [5.7.3.2.2-1]
a 0.076 ft =
M
n
A
s
f
y
d
negS
a
2

\
|
|
.
=
M
n
16.218 kip ft =
0.9 =
M
r
M
n
=
M
r
14.596 kip ft =
M
negR
M
r
=
+M
r
~ Slab Positive Moment Capacity:
A
s
0.62 in
2
=
c 1.073 in =
d
posS
= slab thickness - bottom cover - 1/2bar diameter
d
posS
8in 1.25in
.625in
2
=
d
posS
6.438 in =
a c
1
= a 0.912 in =
Calc. M
n
:
M
n
A
s
f
y
d
posS
a
2

\
|
|
.
=
M
n
18.543 kip ft =
M
r
M
n
=
M
r
16.689 kip ft =
M
posR
M
r
=
Slab Design Example 2 September 2009
Loads & Load Factors: [3.4.1]
2 Limit States apply
Strength I=1.25DC+1.25DW+1.75(LL+IM)
Service I=DC+DN+LL+IM
No fatigue check required for slabs
Use q
D
-q
R
-q
I
=1.0
(TxDOT recommends using
p
for
DW=1.25, since overlay is typically
used in design only to increase the
safety factor)
[9.5.3]
[1.3.2]
DC: (Slab Dead Load) (Rail DL considered in overhang check)

DC
8in 12 in 0.15
kip
ft
3
=

DC
0.1
kip
ft
=
DW: (2" ACP overlay)

DW
2in 12 in 0.14
kip
ft
3
=

DW
0.023
kip
ft
=
Assume: -M
DL
=0.11e
2
+M
DL
=0.08e
2
(Equations for Moments: 4 Continuous
Spans Uniformly Loaded)
Deck Supported by Prestr. Conc. Beams:
Beam Type = C
s 9ft =
Positive Moment:
S M
posLLIM
9 6.29 (From Table A4-1)
M
posLLIM
6.29 k ft =
M
posDC
0.08
DC
s
2
=
M
posDC
0.648 k ft =
M
posDW
0.08
DW
s
2
=
M
posDW
0.151 k ft =
M
posU
1.25M
posDC
1.25M
posDW
+ 1.75 M
posLLIM
+ =
M
posU
12.006 k ft =
M
posU
< M
posR
12.006<16.689 so ok
Slab Design Example 3 September 2009
Negative Moment:
CLGirderToDesignSection 4in =
S (ft)
Length to Design
Section (in)
M
negLLIM
(kip-ft/ft)
9 4 5.696667
(Interpolated from Table A4-1)
M
negLLIM
5.697 k ft =
M
negDC
0.11
DC
s
2
=
M
negDC
0.891 k ft =
M
negDW
0.11
DW
s
2
=
M
negDW
0.208 k ft =
M
negU
1.25M
negDC
1.25M
negDW
+ 1.75M
negLLIM
+ =
M
negU
11.343 k ft =
M
negU
< M
negR
11.343 < 14.596 so OK
Check Minimum Flexural Reinforcement: [5.7.3.3.2]
b 12 in =
h 8in =
I
g
512 in
4
=
TxDOT policy states when
using LRFD 5.7.3.3.2 to
calculate cracking moment,
use fr=0.24sqrt(fc).
f
r
0.24ksi
f
c
ksi
=
f
r
0.480 ksi =
y
t
4.0 in =
S
I
g
y
t
=
S 128.00 in
3
=
M
cr
S f
r

1ft
12in
=
M
cr
5.12 kip ft =
I
g
b h
3

12
=
y
t
1
2
h =
Slab Design Example 4 September 2009
Design for the lesser of 1.2M
cr
or 1.33Mu when determining minimum area of steel required.
Check Negative Moment Reinforcement:
Therefore,
M
cr1
1.2 M
cr
=
M
cr1
6.1 kip ft =
M
cr2
1.33 M
negU
=
M
cr2
15.1 kip ft =
M
f_neg
min M
cr1
M
cr2
,
( )
=
M
f_neg
6.1 kip ft =
M
f_neg
< M
negR
6.1 < 14.6 so OK
Check Positive Moment Reinforcement:
Therefore,
M
cr1
1.2 M
cr
=
M
cr1
6.1 kip ft =
M
cr2
1.33 M
posU
=
M
cr2
16.0 kip ft =
M
f_pos
min M
cr1
M
cr2
,
( )
=
M
f_pos
6.1 kip ft =
M
f_npos
< M
posR
6.1 < 16.7 so OK
Service I:
M
negSERVICE1
M
negLLIM
M
negDC
+ M
negDW
+ =
M
posSERVICE1
M
posLLIM
M
posDC
+ M
posDW
+ =
M
negSERVICE1
6.796 k ft =
Controls because:
M
negSERVICE1
d
negS
M
posSERVICE1
d
posS
>
M
posSERVICE1
7.089 k ft =
Slab Design Example 5 September 2009
Check Crack Control for M=6.80kft: [5.7.3.4]
h 8in =
d
c
8in d
negS
=
d
c
2.313 in =
E
s
29000ksi =
E
c
3644ksi =
n
E
s
E
c
=
[5.7.1]
n 7.958 =

A
s
b d
negS

=
0.0091 =
k n n ( )
2
2 n + + =
k 0.315 =
j 1
1
3
k =
j 0.895 =
f
S
M
negSERVICE1
j A
s
d
negS

=
f
S
25.836 ksi =
Exposure Condition Factor:

e
1.00 =
For class 1 exposure conditions

S
1
d
c
0.7 h d
c

( )

+ =

S
1.581 =
S
max
700
kip
in

e

S
f
S

2 d
c
= S
max
12.514 in =
The actual spacing of the bars
is taken as the center to center
tie spacing, since slab design
considers a 1' strip of an
infinitely long slab.
S
actual
6in =
if S
max
S
actual
> "OK" , "No Good" ,
( )
"OK" =
Slab Design Example 6 September 2009
Summary: 8" slab with #5 @ 6" O.C. T & B
Ok for prestr. beams spc. <= 10'-6"
Ok for steel beams spc.<= 10-3"
Check Overhang:
Since TxDOT doesn't use structurally continuous barriers, provisions of [3.6.1.3.4] cannot be used.
For Strength I & Service I Load Combinations, place 16k wheel load 1' from the toe of the rail
[3.6.1.3.1]. To make the slab design independent of the type of rail, we will place the wheel load 1'
from the nominal face of the rail (1ft from the edge of the slab).
No uniform dist. LL need be applied [3.6.1.3.3]
Rail Type = SSTR
With 3' overhang
X 0.4167ft =
Slab ends are critical ~ use [4.6.2.1.4c]
Article 4.6.2.1.4c defines a transverse edge as a transverse strip along the beam that is located at the
edge of the slab as shown above. The Article states, "The effective width of a strip, with or without an
edge beam, may be taken as the sum of the distance between the transverse edge of the deck and the
centerline of the first line of support for the deck, usually taken as a girder web, plus one-half of the
width of strip as specified in Article 4.6.2.1.3." The intention of this article is to take an effective strip
width as half of the transverse strip width plus the additional slab width past the beam end. The
additional slab width is the distance from the beam end to the center of the joint minus half of the joint
width. This distance is negligible and therefore neglected in this design example.
EffectiveStripWidth = (45.0 + 10*X)/2
EffectiveStripWidth 24.5835in =
EffectiveStripWidth 2.049 ft =
* Dist. width or strip width at locations not at slab ends =45+10X [Table 4.6.2.1.3-1]
Slab Design Example 7 September 2009
M
LLIM
16kip 1.33 X
EffectiveStripWidth
=
M
rail
0.376
kip
ft
X 16.75in + ( ) =
M
slab
1
2
0.667 ft 0.15
kip
ft
3
X 2ft + ( )
2
=
M
DW
1
2
0.167 ft 0.14
kip
ft
3
X 9.5in + ( )
2
=
M
LLIM
4.328
k ft
ft
=
M
rail
0.682
k ft
ft
=
M
slab
0.292
k ft
ft
=
M
DW
0.017
k ft
ft
=
M
negU
1.25M
rail
1.25M
slab
+ 1.25 M
DW
+ 1.75 M
LLIM
+
( )
ft =
M
negU
8.813 k ft =
if M
negU
M
negR
s "OK" , "No Good" ,
( )
"OK" =
8.813<14.596 so OK
Slab strength for rail impacts has been verified through full scale crash testing.
Slab Design Example 8 September 2009