Voltage Regulator

WALCHER GmbH & Co.
KG Kraftwerks-, Automatisierungstechnik, Energiemanagement,Transformatorenbau

Zum Lingeshof 3 D 36124 Eichenzell Tel. +49 (0) 6659 98794-0 Fax. +49 (0) 6659 98794-44
info@walcher.com http://www.walcher.com
At photovoltaic plants, long lines
or increasing energy consumption?
Regulation of each single phase
Higher capacities on request
Quick regulation from 300-700 ms
34 till 300 kVA
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Vol tage Regul ator
WALCHER GmbH & Co.KG Kraftwerks-, Automatisierungstechnik, Energiemanagement,Transformatorenbau
8V
230V
8V
230V
8V
230V
8V
230V
8V
230V
8V
230V
Input Output
L
N
230 5V
0,3 0,5
1 1,5 2 3 km
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
kW Three-phase four-wire system 400/231V
5
0
m
m
3
5
m
m
2
5
m
m
1
6
m
m
Please request our materials,

we will gladly assist you.
The Voltage Regulator measures and regulates the three
phases individually, quickly and independent of one another.
When idle or with an unloaded Voltage Regulator, the transformer stages that are not needed are
bypassed. If the output voltage of the Voltage Regulator sinks below 225 volts due to load in the
power supply lines, the required number of transformer stages in the affected phase are
calculated and activated via the switch protectors. The bypass of the transformer stages to be
switched is cancelled and the 230 volt winding is switched to the regulated line voltage.
With excessive input voltage, which can occur due to starpoint shifts especially under load,
the Voltage Regulator can regulate the voltage upwards by polarizing the windings, whereby
a symmetrical output voltage between 235 and 225 V / phase is always guaranteed.
This diagram depicts four common copper cross
sections. The intersection with the km line
provides the greatest possible performance for a
range of +- 36V / phase, with which a complete
regulation of the line voltage still occurs.
Example: for voltage regulator +- 36V/ Phase
Copper cross section q = 25mm
Line length l = 1 km
Intersection produces P = 31kW
2
0
k
V
0
,
4
k
V
240m NAYY 4*120mm
180m NAYY 4*120mm 1230m NAYY 4*185mm
line voltage
regulator
Imax 100A
150A
3
0
A
2
0
A
100A
180V
250 500 750
1500
200V
190V
m
210V
240V
230V
220V
voltage characteristics
without line voltage regulator
with line voltage regulator
line voltage regulator control range +- 5 V
Adjustment of a spur line
via a 69 kVA line voltage regulator
Application of a line voltage regulator (blue curve).
The voltage shape without line voltage regulator is shown in the red curve.
Due to the voltage increase after the line voltage regulator, the current before the
line voltage regulator has to be higher, according to the power balance chart before
and after the line voltage regulator (P =constant =U*I), which results in a slight
additional voltage drop in the line.
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180V
250 500 750
1500
200V
190V
m
210V
240V
230V
220V
with 950V - transformers
with line voltage regulator
line voltage regulator control range +- 5 V
2
0
k
V
2
0
k
V
0
,
4
k
V
0
,
4
k
V
240m NAYY 4*120mm 1230m NAYY 4*120mm
line voltage
regulator
Imax 100 A
Imax 100 A
42 A
120 A
170 A
150 A
4
0
0

V
4
0
0

V
9
5
0

V
9
5
0

V
A
A
B
B
Voltage shape with a tail
with a line voltage regulator or 950 V transformers
As can clearly be seen from the comparison of the two variations A and B, the
voltage support with two 950V transformers only offers a conditional solution, as the
voltage drop is only reduced by 58%.
The solution via line voltage regulators, in contrast, enables a complete adjustment
of the respective phase.
In the above diagram the transmission losses of the conventional networks for spur lines
were compared with each other.
To serve as an example, a 1500m NAYY line of 150 mm as taken as a basis for the
calculations. The curves for the solution 20kV transformer take on the shape of scissor
blades, as the 400V line length after the transformer considerably influences the
transmission losses.
Result: In general, the line voltage regulator is the most profitable transmission type for
spur lines up to approx. 900 - 1000 hours of use.
In comparison with the occasionally used 950 V version, the crossing of the two systems
only appears after a service period of approx. 1800 hours which clearly is beneficial to the
line voltage regulator.
Profitability
2000
0
5000
1000
6000
7000
8000
9000
4000
hours of use
10000
11000
kWh
3000
2
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0
4
0
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1
4
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6
0
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1
6
0
0
8
0
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The diagram shows the load possibilities of spur lines NAYY via the use of a line voltage regulator with a
control range of 6 x 6V steps (36V/ phase) .
For the calculation it was assumed that at the end of the line, i.e. behind the line voltage regulator, an
output voltage of 230 / 400V was adjusted as well. The calculation is based on cos-phi of about 0.9.
The transmissible power can be further increased by the application of line voltage regulators with pre-
stages and/or 8V steps, which could result in control ranges of +48V or also +64V / phase.
See diagrams +48V and +64V
Diagram NAYY + 36V
The diagram shows the load possibilities of spur lines NAYY via the use of a line voltage regulator
with a control range of 6 x 8 V steps (48V/ phase)
.
For the calculation it was assumed that at the end of the line, i.e. behind the line voltage
regulator, an output voltage of 230 / 400V was adjusted as well.
The calculation is based on cos-phi of about 0.9.
The transmissible power can be further increased by the application of line voltage regulators with
pre-stages , which could result in control ranges of +64V / phase.
See diagrams +64V
Diagram NAYY + 48V
The diagram shows the load possibilities of spur lines NAYY via the use of a line voltage regulator
with a control range of 6 x 8V steps and a pre - stage of 16 V (64V/ phase)
.
For the calculation it was assumed that at the end of the line, i.e. behind the line regulator, an
output voltage of 230 / 400V was adjusted as well.
The calculation is based on cos-phi of about 0.9.
The transmissible power can be further increased by the application of line voltage regulators
with additionel pre-stages.
Diagram NAYY + 64V
Design and mode of operation
The intention is to offset the voltage loss or the excessive voltages in the low-voltage
networks (tail cabling!) through the automatic regulation. For this purpose, the line-voltage
regulator is developed, which is created for installation outdoors as a result of its
weatherproof design.
The most common models are built for continuity currents of 50 to 200 A. The control range
usually amounts to 36 V and/or 48 V in stages of 6 x 6 and/or 6 x 8 V in each phase.
Greater voltage pulses up to 12 V per stage are possible. In particular cases the whole
control range can be fundamentally extended again by preselector stages. Contact us about
system problems, we would be happy to advise you.
Design of the regulator
Every three-phase current network regulator consists of three regulated transformer cascades
independent of each other. A stored-program controller for rough climatic conditions computes
the required number of the transformer stages to be actuated, and in the event of voltage
fluctuations, switches these on or off as required, within a range of 300 500 ms.
All the contactors are located in a collective casing, including the three reversing starter
groups, which facilitate the input voltages to be regulated upwards or downwards with the
same transformers.
Each of the 6 x 6 V (8 V) stage transformers possess a primary coil of 230 V and a secondary
coil of 6 or 8 V, by which the secondary coil, depending on the size of the system, is rated for
50 - 300 A (greater currents upon request).
The contactors short-circuit the 230 V coils in the switched-off state. As a result, the individual
transformer has no magnetisation losses at all in the no-load running. If required, the 230 V
coil is connected to the voltage, by which the 6 V and/or 8 V coil is activated and this voltage
is added to the incoming mains voltage (and/or subtracted from it).
The excess voltages occasionally occurring with the activation of the transformers are
shunted via switch arcs. Through damping resistors, which are housed in a separate box, the
arc is lowered to an amperage harmless for the contactors.
The line- voltage regulator for the foundation installation is embedded in a double deep cable
junction cabinet, suitable for the mounting on a normal base.
Above left is the opened master control unit with the stored-program controller and guard
casing. A measuring transducer activated before the stored-program controller converts the
effective values of the 3 regulated voltages into a direct voltage suitable for the stored-
program controller.
Above right is the power section, comprising 6 stage transformers for each phase. Below are
the NH fuse blocks for the fitting of the cable for a maximum of 95mm...
On the left the line -voltage regulator
is being prepared for dispatching. It
is delivered mounted on wooden
planks. This enables the line -voltage
regulator to be easily transported
with a fork-lift truck.
To assemble on-site the roof can be
unscrewed, so that you can access
the transport eyes.
The cabinet is accessible from two
sides and therefore fitted with 4
doors for the integration of altogether
2 standard profile half cylinders.
Line- voltage regulator Details
Design features:
Offsetting of the voltage losses up to 25%, with the use of a preselector stage over 40%.
Because of this, a multiplication of the cable load capacity is attained with adherence to the
constant voltage.
The high control rate, ca. 300 500 ms, for the whole control range. The start sequence with
the heavy-running motors is normalised and/or once again possible.
Symmetrical balancing of the phase voltages with the asymmetric load by the individual
activation of each phase.
Throughput rating: 34, 68, 136, 200 und 300 kVA.
Control rate: 300 - 500ms.
Individual activation of each phase: Because of this the asymmetries, the neutral
displacements and voltage increases, determined by the uneven loads in the three phases,
are balanced.
Low-loss regulation: The efficiency factor lies at 98%. In the no-load running with all
quantities the losses lie below 30 VA.
Weatherproof design: The line- voltage regulators for the pole installation (sheet
steel) are equipped with pole straps. The polyester design is suitable only for mounting on a
foundation base.
Maintenance-free operation: We recommend an inspection of the line -voltage
regulator in intervals of one or two years.
Module principle: Easy replacement possibility of all structural components.
Economic efficiency:
The line -voltage regulators have been in use for over 40 years. They have become reliable
components of the system construction. It has been proven that the line- voltage regulator is
not only suitable for temporary application, but also often durable as a final solution because
of the high total efficiency.
line voltage regulator type NRF
line voltage regulator type NRM
Line- voltage regulator in short-circuit
Zeroing condition
In the event of short-circuits behind the line -voltage regulator (K) the inherent resistance of the
unit exerts only a low influence on the level of the short-circuit current.
Picture: Equivalent network diagram
Line- voltage regulator
Through measurements on the various line -voltage regulators and in different systems with
good approximation the intrinsic impedance of the 6-stage transformer series was measured
with
Z =0,06 bis 0,08 Ohms.
The ohmic resistance lies between
the values R =0.036 and 0.040 Ohms.
The reactive impedance lies between
the values X =0.05 and 0.07 Ohms.
Picture: Transformer series (switched-off)
Measurement results:
Depending on the momentary closed-circuit condition of the line-voltage regulator, before the
occurrence of the short circuit, the impedance of the loop fluctuates between 0.08 and 1.22
Ohms. After the decrease in the transformer contactors, as a result of the breakdowns of the
voltage, the final resistance of approximately 0.08 Ohm is set within 10 to 20 ms.
R
L1
N
R
( K )
R
R
X X
X
line-voltage-regulators
Connecting the line- voltage regulator
L
1

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p
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L
1

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L
2

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2

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3

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3

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Clamps to bridge
the line- voltage
regulator
N
N
Note: If the line- voltage regulator is put out of operation, the NH fuse blocks and
meters are to be pulled. The jumpers can then be employed, with which the
line- voltage regulator is galvanically decoupled from the mains network.
If the power supply is not interrupted, all the automatic circuit breakers must be
switched off. No more stage transformers may be switched on.
This only works, if no voltage difference can
be measured between the input and output.
Check the measurements again!!
Bag with jumper
Base
730
GFK1
GFK2
1130
630
1
2
6
0
Base
Base
Line voltage regulator cabinet
with 4 swivel doors
Glass fiber reinforced polyester
International protection: IP44
Prepared for the accomodation
of 2 safety locks with a
single-profile cylinder
The base is not included in
the standard (it can be
supplied as an option)
* measurement for socket-fitting
1
3
0
0
560
780
1100
Cabinet M1 for mast-fitting
The cabinet is planned for fitting on wooden-pole or girder-mast.
We deliver two clamps as componente parts which provide easy and fast construction on the
mast. It is useful to save the clamps respectively the cabinet on the mast with corresponding
screws against wringing or slipping.
Technical Data
General Data for all voltage regulators
Temperature Range: -25C +45C
Nominal voltage 3x230/400 V 50-60 Hz
Regulation: 3 x one phase
Regulation rate/ phase: typically 0,3 s max. 0,7 s
Measuring system: root mean square (voltage)
Regulation process: tap-change operation, system WALCHER
Locking system: locks with a single-profile cylinder, safety lock
Engineer standards: DIN EN 60204, DIN EN 60439-1, DIN VDE 0100,
EMV guidelines: DIN EN 50081-1, DIN EN 50082-1
WA-NRH-x34 (+-36V)
WA-NRH-x69 (+-36V)
WA-NRH-x92 (+-36V)
WA-NRH-xV34 (+48-24V)
WA-NRH-xV69 (+48-24V)
WA-NRH-xV92 (+48-24V)
WA-NRH-x34 (+-48V)
WA-NRH-x69 (+-48V)
WA-NRH-x92 (+-48V)
WA-NRH-xV34 (-48+24V)
WA-NRH-xV69 (-48+24V)
WA-NRH-xV92 (-48+24V)
WA-NRH-x34 (+-60V)
WA-NRH-x69 (+-60V)
WA-NRH-x92 (+-60V)
WA-NRH-xV34 (+64-32V)
WA-NRH-xV69 (+64-32V)
WA-NRH-xV92 (+64-32V)
WA-NRH-xV34 (-64+32V)
WA-NRH-xV69 (-64+32V)
WA-NRH-xV92 (-64+32V)
34kVA
69kVA
92kVA
34kVA
69kVA
92kVA
34kVA
69kVA
92kVA
34kVA
69kVA
92kVA
34kVA
69kVA
92kVA
34kVA
69kVA
92kVA
34kVA
69kVA
92kVA
5,4kVA
10,8kVA
14,4kVA
7,2kVA
14,4kVA
19,2kVA
189-277V
189-277V
189-277V
177-259V
177-259V
177-259V
230+-5V
230+-5V
230+-5V
230+-5V
230+-5V
230+-5V
ca. 20W
ca. 20W
ca. 20W
ca. 80W
ca. 140W
ca. 240W
ca. 20W
ca. 20W
ca. 20W
ca.130W
ca.180W
ca.240W
ca.130W
ca.180W
ca.240W
ca. 20W
ca. 20W
ca. 20W
ca. 80W
ca. 140W
ca.240W
580W
960W
1150W
740W
1300W
1500W
Nominal
power
Type
power
Input
voltage
Output
voltage
Power
losses
no- load
Power losses
nominal
load
Weight
kg
Nominal
load
98,3%
98,6%
98,7%
97,7%
98,2%
98,4%
250
350
410
280
410
490
7,2kVA
14,4kVA
18kVA
7,2kVA
14,4kVA
19,2kVA
9,0kVA
18kVA
24kVA
9,6kVA
19,2kVA
24kVA
9,6kVA
19,2kVA
24kVA
177-288V
177-288V
177-288V
201-283V
201-283V
201-283V
165-295V
165-295V
165-295V
161-267V
161-267V
161-267V
230+-6V
230+-6V
230+-6V
230+-5V
230+-5V
230+-5V
230+-8V
230+-8V
230+-8V
230+-6V
230+-6V
230+-6V
230+-6V
230+-6V
230+-6V
760W
1100W
1200W
740W
1300W
1500W
97,8%
98,4%
98,6%
97,7%
98,2%
98,4%
890W
1300W
1300W
1010W
1460W
1600W
1010W
1460W
1600W
97,4%
98,4%
98,6%
97,1%
97,9%
98,3%
97,1%
97,9%
98,3%
285
410
410
280
490
490
320
410
560
360
490
490
360
490
490
193-299V
193-299V
193-299V
Voltage regulator 34 kVA
WA-NRH-F150 (+-36V)
WA-NRH-F207 (+-36V)
WA-NRH-F300 (+-36V)
WA-NRH-FV150 (+48-24V)
WA-NRH-FV207 (+48-24V)
WA-NRH-FV300 (+48-24V)
WA-NRH-F150 (+-48V)
WA-NRH-F207 (+-48V)
WA-NRH-F300 (+-48V)
WA-NRH-FV150 (-48+24V)
WA-NRH-FV207 (-48+24V)
WA-NRH-FV300 (-48+24V)
WA-NRH-F150 (+-60V)
WA-NRH-F207 (+-60V)
WA-NRH-F300 (+-60V)
WA-NRH-FV150 (+64-32V)
WA-NRH-FV207 (+64-32V)
WA-NRH-FV300 (+64-32V)
WA-NRH-FV150 (-64+32V)
WA-NRH-FV207 (-64+32V)
WA-NRH-FV300 (-64+32V)
150kVA
207kVA
300kVA
150kVA
207kVA
300kVA
150kVA
207kVA
300kVA
150kVA
207kVA
300kVA
150kVA
207kVA
300kVA
150kVA
207kVA
300kVA
150kVA
207kVA
300kVA
23,4kVA
32,4kVA
47kVA
31,2kVA
43,2kVA
62,5kVA
189-277V
189-277V
189-277V
177-259V
177-259V
177-259V
230+-5V
230+-5V
230+-5V
230+-5V
230+-5V
230+-5V
ca. 40W
ca. 50W
ca. 60W
ca. 220W
ca. 300W
ca. 240W
ca. 40W
ca. 50W
ca. 60W
ca.250W
ca.300W
ca. 240W
ca.250W
ca.300W
ca. 240W
ca. 40W
ca. 50W
ca. 60W
ca. 220W
ca. 300W
ca. 240W
1600W
1900W
2500W
1700W
2500W
3300W
98,9%
99,0%
99,1%
98,8%
98,8%
98,9%
540
715
735
640
865
903
31,1kVA
43,2kVA
62,5kVA
31,2kVA
43,2kVA
62,5kVA
39,6kVA
54kVA
78,2kVA
42kVA
57,6kVA
83,3kVA
42kVA
57,6kVA
83,3kVA
177-288V
177-288V
177-288V
201-283V
201-283V
201-283V
165-295V
165-295V
165-295V
161-267V
161-267V
161-267V
230+-6V
230+-6V
230+-6V
230+-5V
230+-5V
230+-5V
230+-8V
230+-8V
230+-8V
230+-6V
230+-6V
230+-6V
230+-6V
230+-6V
230+-6V
2050W
2250W
4100W
1700W
2500W
3300W
98,6%
98,9%
98,6%
98,8%
98,8%
98,9%
2150W
2800W
5500W
2700W
3000W
5400W
2700W
3000W
5400W
98,5%
98,6%
98,2%
98,2%
98,6%
98,2%
98,2%
98,6%
98,2%
570
770
860
640
865
903
610
770
1040
750
883
1070
750
883
1070
193-299V
193-299V
193-299V
Temperature Range: -25C +45C
Nominal voltage 3x230/400 V 50-60 Hz
Regulation: 3 x one phase
Regulation rate/ phase: typically 0,3 s max. 0,7 s
Measuring system: root mean square (voltage)
Regulation process: tap-change operation, system WALCHER
Locking system: locks with a single-profile cylinder, safety lock
Engineer standards: DIN EN 60204, DIN EN 60439-1, DIN VDE 0100,
EMV guidelines: DIN EN 50081-1, DIN EN 50082-1
Technical Data
General Data for all voltage regulators
Nominal
power
Type
power
Input
voltage
Output
voltage
Power
losses
no- load
Power losses
nominal
load
Weight
kg
Nominal
load
Swi tchgear
and
contr ol systems
Power pl ant
technol ogy
Fast
(300- 700ms)
vol tage r egul ator s
34- 200 kVA
for l ong l ow
vol tage l i nes
Ener gy manage-
ment
Maxi mum
demand
moni tor s
Datal ogger s
for har moni cs
and net
anal ysi s
Datal oggi ng
Al ar m message
and measur ement
devi ces
Tr ansfor mer s
custom- made
pr oducts
El ectr oni cs
assembl y wor k
and devel opment
We adapt our sel f to the r equi r ements of our customer s. Addr ess us !

Voltage Regulator

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Voltage Regulator

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