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AIRCRAFT DESIGN
PROJECT
1
Aircraft Design Project
Chapter 1
2
Aircraft Design Project
CHAPTER 1
INTRODUCTION
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1.1 Defining a new design
1.2 Design process
1.3 Concep!a" design
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A beautiful aircraft is the expression of the genius of a great engineer who is also a
great artist.
Neville Shute,
British Aeronautial En!ineer an" Novelist,
Fro#, No Highway, 1$%&'
(hen )ou loo* at airra+t, it is eas) to o,serve that the) have a nu#,er o+
o##on +eatures- .in!s, a tail .ith vertial an" hori/ontal .in! setions, en!ines to
propel the# throu!h the air, an" a +usela!e to arr) passen!ers or ar!o' I+, ho.ever, )ou
ta*e a #ore ritial loo* ,e)on" the !ross +eatures, )ou also an see su,tle, an"
so#eti#es not so su,tle, "i++erenes' (hat are the reasons +or these "i++erenes0 (hat
.as on the #in"1S2 o+ the "esi!ners that ause" the# to on+i!ure the airra+t in this
.a)0
Airplane "esi!n is ,oth an art an" a siene' In that respet it is "i++iult to
learn ,) rea"in! a ,oo*3 rather, it #ust ,e e4periene" an" pratie"' 5o.ever, .e an
o++er the +ollo.in! "e+inition an" then atte#pt to e4plain it' Airplane "esi!n is the
intelletual en!ineerin! proess o+ reatin! on paper 1or on a o#puter sreen2 a +l)in!
#ahine to 112 #eet ertain spei+iations an" re6uire#ents esta,lishe" ,) potential users
1or as pereive" ,) the #anu+aturer2 an"7or 182 pioneer innovative, ne. i"eas an"
tehnolo!)' An e4a#ple o+ the +or#er is the "esi!n o+ #ost o##erial transports,
startin! at least .ith the Dou!las DC91 in 1$:8, .hih .as "esi!ne" to #eet or e4ee"
various spei+iations ,) an airplane o#pan)' 1The airline .as T(A, na#e"
Transontinental an" (estern Air at that ti#e'2 An e4a#ple o+ the latter is the "esi!n o+
the ro*et9po.ere" Bell ;91, the +irst airplane to e4ee" the spee" o+ soun" in level or
li#,in! +li!ht 1Oto,er 1%, 1$%&2' The "esi!n proess is in"ee" an intelletual ativit),
,ut a rather speial one that is te#pere" ,) !oo" intuition "evelope" via e4periene, ,)
attention pai" to suess+ul airplane "esi!ns that have ,een use" in the past, an" ,)
1!enerall) proprietar)2 "esi!n proe"ures an" "ata,ases 1han",oo*s, et',2 that are a part
o+ ever) airplane #anu+aturer'
1.1 Defining a new design
The "esi!n o+ an airra+t "ra.s on a nu#,er o+ ,asi areas o+ aerospae en!ineerin!'
As sho.n in the illustration, these inlu"e aero")na#is, propulsion, li!ht9.ei!ht
strutures an" ontrol'
Eah o+ these areas involves para#eters that !overn the si/e, shape,
.ei!ht an" per+or#ane o+ an airra+t' Althou!h .e !enerall) tr) to see* opti#u# in
all these aspets, .ith an airra+t, this is pratiall) i#possi,le to ahieve' The reason
is that in #an) ases, opti#i/in! one harateristi "e!ra"es another'
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*.3 Diagra&
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Aircraft Design Project
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Aircraft Design Project
Chapter &
CHAPTER +
3->IE: DIA6RA$
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+.1 Ai&
+.2 Diagra&
+.3 Conc"!sion
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+.1 Ai&
To "ra. the :9vie. "ia!ra# o+ the airra+t .hih has ,een "esi!ne"'
+.2 Diagra&
+.3 Conc"!sion
1
Aircraft Design Project
Thus the :9vie. "ia!ra# o+ the airra+t that has ,een "esi!ne" to #eet the
propose" re6uire#ents is "ra.n'
2
Aircraft Design Project
Chapter F
CHAPTER /
DE'I6N 'U$$ARD
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/.1 Ta@"e
/.2 Res!"
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(able ..1 ,o-parison ,hart
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