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Impacto dos Herbicidas Glifosate, 2,4-D, Atrazina e Nicosulfuron sobre as Populações de Collembola
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diversidade de Collembola comumente é indicado para comprovar a extensão de distúrbios de várias
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inteiramente casualizado constituído de tratamentos dispostos no esquema de parcelas subdivididas,
onde as parcelas são representadas por uma testemunha mais quatro herbicidas: glifosate, atrazina,
2,4-D e nicosulfuron (totalizando cinco tratamentos) e as subparcelas pelas épocas de cada coleta (10,
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([SHULPHQWDOGH&LrQFLDV$JUiULDVRIWKH8QLYHUVLGDGH)HGHUDOGH0DWR*URVVRGR6XO8)06&DPSXV
de Dourados, in soil planted with corn as a surface covering, during the period of December, 2002 to
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The treatments with atrazine and 2,4-D caused the most reduction of the population of Collembola,
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262 Lins et al.7KH(IIHFWRIWKH*O\SKRVDWH'$WUD]LQHH1LFRVXOIXURQ+HUELFLGHVXSRQWKH(GDSKLF
gathering times (10, 20, 30 and 40 days after the application EDJWRDYRLGWKHORVVRIHGDSKLFRUJDQLVPV7KHEDJVZHUH
RIWKHKHUELFLGHV7KHUHIRUHWKUHHSORWV[PZHUH organized in plastic boxes measuring 50 x 40 cm which were
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product, inserted between the plots treated with herbicides The rings containing the soil samples were placed inside
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The treatments applied at randon, were: 1 - glyphosate FPRIGLDPHWHUDQGFPRIGHSWKZLWKDFDSDFLW\IRU
±POLDKDDWUD]LQHPOLDKD' FPñRIVRLO7KHIXQQHOVZHUHLQVWDOOHGRQDPHWDOH[SRVXUH
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WKHFRQWUROSODVWLFFDQYDVHVZHUHXVHG[PWRDYRLG ZLGWK P ZLWK D VXUIDFH FRQWDLQLQJ KROHV RI FP
contaminating this control area with the employed chemical GLDPHWHU+HUHWKH\VWD\HGGXULQJDSHULRGRIVHYHQGD\V
SURGXFWV 7KH KHUELFLGHV ZHUH DSSOLHG ZLWK D GLUHFWHG MHW In the inferior part of each funnel, an opaque plastic vial of
applicator, a costal pulverizer (Jacto®), with a capacity of 20 8 x 5 cm was added, containing conserving liquid (alcohol
liters, provided with a fan jet outlet (Jacto 110-05® ZDWHU DQG IRUPROLQ 7KH H[SRVXUH WDEOH
The four sets of samplings were made during the period of ZDVSURYLGHGZLWK¿YH:ODPSVZKRVHEULJKWQHVVDQG
'HFHPEHUWR-DQXDU\7KH¿UVWVHWZDVFROOHFWHG heat repelled the edaphics organisms of the samples, which
10 days after the application of the herbicides, the second migrated to the deepest layers of the funnels and fell into
set after 20 days, the third after 30 days and the fourth was WKHYLDOV7KHVXSHULRUSDUWRIWKHH[SRVXUHWDEOHFRQWDLQLQJ
FROOHFWHGDIWHUDSHULRGRIGD\V(DFKWLPHWKHVDPSOHV the material for study was protected with nylon screen and
were collected in eight randomly selected units, with a TNT cloth to avoid the entrance of undesirable organisms
minimum distance of 2 m from the edge, totaling 24 unit WKDWZRXOGEHDWWUDFWHGWRWKHOLJKW
samples (three plots x eight unit samples) per treatment with $IWHUVFUHHQLQJWKH&ROOHPERODWKHFODUL¿FDWLRQSURFHVV
XQLWVDPSOHVHDFKFROOHFWLRQWLPH was accomplished using plates “ Clin “ containing lactic acid,
in which the specimens were maintained submerged for a
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the edaphic springtails, soil samplings were taken within 6(DW&$IWHUWKDWWKH&ROOHPERODZHUHLQGLYLGXDOO\
HDFKWUHDWPHQWVXESORW5LQJVRIJDOYDQL]HGLURQRIFP PRXQWHGLQWHPSRUDU\VOLGHVIRULGHQWL¿FDWLRQRIWKHIDPLOLHV
RIKHLJKWE\FPRIGLDPHWHUDQGFPRIWKLFNQHVV Identification keys by Jordana & Arbea (1989) and by
ZHUHXVHG(DFKULQJFRQWDLQLQJVRLOZDVSODFHGLQDSODVWLF 3DODFH9DUJDVZHUHXVHG7KHLGHQWLW\RI&ROOHPEROD
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C A C G C 2,4 D
C 2,4 D C N C G
C G C A C N
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CORN
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60
40
20 9,41
1,47 0,86 0,35 0,24 0,24 0,10 0,03
0
Families
30
Atrazine 2,4D Glyphosate Nicosulfuron Control
N° of Collembola (%) 25
20
15
10
0
1st 2nd 3rd 4th
Sampling times
Of the four tested herbicides, the treatment with glyphosate, There was a statistical relationship in the test of
LQWKHVWVDPSOLQJSUHVHQWHGDKLJKQXPEHURI&ROOHPEROD comparison of averages for the interaction of the treatments
The same result was also observed in the treatments with ZLWK WKH VDPSOLQJ WLPHV 7KLV LQGLFDWHV WKDW WKHUH ZDV D
QLFRVXOIXURQDQGDWUD]LQHLQWKHUGVDPSOLQJ)LJ$WUD]LQH VLJQL¿FDQWHIIHFWRIWKHWUHDWPHQWVIRUHDFKVDPSOLQJWLPH
was the herbicide that most reduced the population of springtails (capital letters) and also, an effect of the times for each
in the 1st sampling, and 2,4-D, when compared to the control, WUHDWPHQWVPDOOOHWWHUV7DEOH
UHGXFHGWKHQXPEHURI&ROOHPERODH[FHSWLQWKHUGVDPSOLQJ The significant influence of the treatments for each
In the 4th sampling, the population of Collembola presented a sampling time was observed in two of the four sampling
tendency to stability, probably due to the greater stability of the WLPHV ,Q WKH VW VDPSOLQJ WKHUH ZDV D SUHGRPLQDQFH RI
environment in the corn cultivation, which was 61 days old, and the number of collected individuals in the treatment with
WKHKHUELFLGHVSUHVHQWLQJGD\VRIGHJUDGDWLRQ)LJ JO\SKRVDWH RYHU WKH RWKHU WUHDWPHQWV 7KDW LQFUHPHQW RI
7KHYDULDQFHDQDO\VLVVKRZVDVLJQL¿FDQWHIIHFW3 springtail population is probably due to the elevation of their
with relationship to the treatment, time, treatment versus reproductive capacity when the amount of food (chemical
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Rodrigues (1988) pointed out that when the herbicides are
applied to the soil, the populations of Acari and Collembola
7DEOH9DULDQFHDQDO\VLVDWWKHOHYHORIRIVLJQL¿FDQFH are able to use them, increasing their population density until
among the treatments (herbicides and control) and sampling WKHGHFRPSRVLWLRQRIWKHSURGXFWRFFXUV$IWHUWKHUHGXFWLRQ
WLPHV DQG GD\V 1~FOHR ([SHULPHQWDO GH of that resource (residue of herbicides), the population comes
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WR-DQXDU\ In spite of the treatment with glyphosate showing a larger
numeric average of Collembola, this herbicide did not differ
Variation fount F.D. Square mean statistically from the treatments with nicosulfuron and the
Collecting times 3 9.4200351 FRQWUROLQWKH¿UVWVDPSOLQJWLPH7KHVHODVWKHUELFLGHVDOVR
did not show differences from the treatments with atrazine
Treatments 4 12.391841 and 2,4-D, which presented a low number of springtail
Samples 7 1.62197602 VSHFLPHQV
The number of Collembola, in the 3rd sampling, was high
Collecting times x Treatments 12 4.6297311 in the treatment with the herbicide nicosulfuron, presenting
Collecting times x Samples 21 1.56203802 statistical difference only with the control and 2,4-D, showing
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Treatments x Samples 28 0.93954742 In the 4th sampling, there was a tendency towards a balance of
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1 In relation to the effect of the sampling times of each
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2 treatment, a significant difference in three of the five
266 Lins et al.7KH(IIHFWRIWKH*O\SKRVDWH'$WUD]LQHH1LFRVXOIXURQ+HUELFLGHVXSRQWKH(GDSKLF
7DEOH0HDQQXPEHURILQGLYLGXDOVRI&ROOHPERODVDPSOHGLQ¿YHWUHDWPHQWVDQGWKHLULQWHUDFWLRQZLWKWKHVDPSOLQJ
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the treatment with atrazine was observed, having a similarity persistence in the soil, was that which most reduced the
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nicosulfuron, the time in which there were certain springtails of degradation of the herbicides, there was a tendency of
predominant was that of the 3rd sampling, although this did EDODQFHLQWKHSRSXODWLRQVLQDOOWKHWUHDWPHQWV7KXVWKHUHLV
QRWGLIIHUVLJQL¿FDQWO\IURPWKHWKVDPSOLQJ7KHWUHDWPHQW DQHHGIRUODUJHUQXPEHURIVDPSOLQJIRUFRQ¿UPDWLRQRIWKH
with glyphosate manifested a higher average of individuals period necessary for the Collembola populations to establish
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differences in relation to the times of samplings of the 2nd
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indicates a certain uniformity in the individuals’ average in :HWKDQN'U0DULD&OHLGH0HQGRQoDIRUWKHFRQ¿UPDWLRQ
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The number of Collembola in the treatments with )OXQNHU:,86$IRUWKHUHYLVLRQRIWKHYHUVLRQLQ(QJOLVK
the herbicides glyphosate, nicosulfuron and control was DQG&RRUGHQDomRGH$SHUIHLoRDPHQWRGH3HVVRDOGH1tYHO
statistically superior to the other treatments after 10 days of Superior - CAPES, for the concession of a scholarship to
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was higher in the treatments with nicosulfuron, atrazine and
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The times of samplings that influenced most in the
treatment with the herbicide atrazine were those of the 2nd, $OPHLGD )6 %1 5RGULJXHV *XLD GH KHUELFLGDV
3rd and 4th samplings and, for the nicosulfuron, were the Recomendações para o uso adequado em plantio direto e
3rd and 4th samplings, culminating in the degradation of FRQYHQFLRQDO/RQGULQD,$3$5S
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higher tendency to an elevation of the number of individuals $\RDGH-2,QWURGXomRjFOLPDWRORJLDSDUDRVWUySLFRV7UDG
RI &ROOHPEROD LQ WKH WLPHV RI DQG GD\V ,Q WKH 0DULD=DQLGRV6DQWRV6mR3DXOR'LIHOS
control, the averages number of springtails presented a %DQ]DWWR '$ 61 .URQND ([SHULPHQWDomR DJUtFROD
VLPLODULW\DPRQJWKHJDWKHULQJWLPHV -DERWLFDEDO)81(3S
The results obtained in this research (Table 4) are
compared to those found by Almeida & Rodrigues (1988) %HJRQ 0 -/ +DUSHU &5 7RZQVHQG (FRORJ\
and Bitzer et al 7KH ¿UVW DXWKRUV PHQWLRQ ZRUN ,QGLYLGXDOV SRSXODWLRQV DQG FRPPXQLWLHV rd %ODFNZHOO
accomplished with the herbicide 2,4-D, whose species 6FLHQFH/RQGRQS
of Collembola were little affected even with successive %LW]HU 5- /' %XFNHOHZ /3 3HGLJR . Effects of
DSSOLFDWLRQVLQIROORZLQJ\HDUV:KLOH%LW]HUet al transgenic herbicide-resistant soybean varieties and systems
DI¿UPWKDWWKHHIIHFWRIWKHKHUELFLGHJO\SKRVDWHLQDFXOWXUH RQ VXUIDFHDFWLYH VSULQJWDLOV (QWRJQDWKD &ROOHPEROD
of transgenic soy, did not present deleterious action upon Department of Entomology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA
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days after the application of the products, the herbicides %UXQR(&*2$0DUTXHV/06DOGLYDU.=HQL+56DQWRV
atrazine and 2,4-D were what most affected the Collembola :')HUQDQGHV&RPSRVLomRGDDUWURSRIDXQDGHVROR
March - April 2007 Neotropical Entomology 36(2) 267