ema||: |tphon@ctu.edu.

vn
0epartment ol /n|ma| 3c|ences Can 1ho 0n|vers|ty V|et Nam
http://www.zod.wau.n| http://www:ctu.edu.vn




le 1hanh lhon, H.l.J. 0do, l.L.l. van lensvoort, le uan 1r|, b.H. Bosma & 0an b|eu Nhan
Intrcductcn
H|h demand lor l|sh st|mu|ates aquacu|ture |n Vl0.
larmers say l// systems are more ell|c|ent then spec|a||sed systems.

Dbjectve:
0nderstand dynam|cs and dr|v|n lactors lor chanes |n l// systems.

MateraIs and Methcds
ln b ham|ets |n 0 lon, 1am B|nh and Ca| Be 0|str|cts:
lart|c|patory Commun|ty /ppra|sa| w|th tota| ol bC larmers.
Base||ne survey on 9C larms lor |nventory ol larm|n system patterns,
|and use and product|on character|st|cs.
3tat|st|ca| ana|ys|s ol per cap|ta larm |ncome and work|n days, ol cu|t|vated
area and larm manaement d|llerences.
CcncIuscns
Dc Mc refcrm trggered dversfcatcn:
ln 3C year, lrom r|cebased to l// systems.
bC larms: r|ce, orchard, ||vestock, and l|sh
|l|ure Z; 9C at |east Z components.

Management dfferences reIated tc farms':
land use |ntens|ty ol l|sh and r|ce.
0|stance to market.

Inccme gap nsde D Mcn:
lerhaps re|ated to h|her |nvestment |n l|sh.

Need fcr:
Cred|t prorammes.
1ra|n|n ol larmers to |mprove sk|||s.
0ran|zat|on ol market|n networks.
lmprovement ol product qua||ty.


1972 1975 1978 1979-80 1983-84 1986-87 1990-92
- Cancelled
Cooperative
Movement
- Start Rural
Credit Program
- "Doi moi" policy (1986)
- Application of direct
seedling rice production
- Government financial and
technical support for animal
and orchard development
1994
- Decrease of
orchards
(low price)
- Start Poverty
Alleviation
Program
1997-98
- Linda storm (1997), flood
- Builded public dam
- Intensive fish farming
- Fingerling fish production
- Increase of pig, cattle,
and poultry raising
2000-01
- Low price of
rice and pig
- Decrease of
agricultural
taxes by 50%
2002
- High
price
of rice,
pig and
fish
- Flood
Start intensive
pig raising
Start introduction
High Yielding
Variety (HYV) of
rice (IR8, IR5)
- Stop of some tradi-
tional rice cultivars
- Start of double rice
- Rice damaged by
Brown Plant Hopper
- Serious flood
- Start of :
- Song Hau State Farm
- Cooperative Movement
- Semi-intensive fish farms
- Introduction of HYVs
rice (IR36, IR32)

l|ure : 1|me||ne 0 lon ; |n other d|str|cts ma|n events s|m||ar but chrono|oy ol techno|oy chanes d|llerent.
ResuIts
Orchard
Vegetables
Rice
Family Pigs Fish Poultry
Market
Market


l|ure Z. B|oresource l|ows ol larm |n 1am B|nh 0|str|ct. |0dum symbo|s

wastes and excreta were recyc|ed on the larm |l|ure Z.
Rce feId s scurce fcr:
lam||y's lood and cash.
leed lor the an|ma|s and r|ce straw lor veetab|es and orchard.
Fcnd suppIed:
water lor lru|t trees.
lud lor nutr|ent source ol orchard.
leed lor p|s and pou|try: water sp|nach, sna||s, or crabs.
VegetabIe gardens' and frut crchards' weeds and wastes: leed sources.

Man prcbIems fcr farmers:
lack ol cap|ta| lor |nvestments.
l|uctuat|n and |ow market pr|ces.


Fer capta nccme:
Number ol work|n days and tota| cu|t|vated area exp|a|ned var|at|on.
lanaement d|llerences re|ated to a.o. d|stance to market.

D Mcn Tam nh Ca e
0|stance to market |km b.b 3. b.b
ler cap|ta |ncome |m||||on + s.e.m. 4.3 + C. 3. + C.b 3.b + C.b
0
30
60
90
Poor Medium Rich Well-being
% O Mon
Tam Binh
Cai Be

l|ure 3. bank|n ol we||be|n.
D Mcn had:
H|h surlace rat|o l|shpond/orchard: C.9; 1am B|nh: C.b; Ca| Be: C..
H|hest |nput |eve| lor l|sh larm|n.
lore r|ch and more poor peop|e |l|ure 3.

Farm transects ccmmcn pattern: homestead w|th p|sty and pou|try pen,
surrounded by l|shponds, orchard, veetab|es, and d|stant r|ce l|e|ds |l|ure 4.

0nderstand|n lnterated /r|cu|ture/quacu|ture 3ystems |l//
|n the V|etnamese lekon 0e|ta |Vl0


l|ure 4. l|ctures ol the larm transect components |n 1am B|nh
0|str|ct