1.

GTPAL G = #pregnancies,
T = # term at 37 weeks or more,
P = # preterm born between 20-37 weeks,
A = Abortions,
L = Living
2. FPAL or
TPAL
F - full term - number of babies born at 37 or >
weeks of gestation (some use T for term)
P - preterm - number of babies born between
20-37 weeks gestation
A - abortions - total number of spontaneous
and elective abortions
L - living - children as of today
3. Gravida total number of pregnancies a woman has had
Primigravida - pregnant for the first time
Multigravida - has had multiple pregancies
nuligravida- none
4. PARA number of babies born at 20 or > weeks
primipara - first born
multipara - multiple births
nulipara - none
Grand multipara - has given birth at least five
times
5. fetal
presentation
That part of the fetus (Head, face, breach, or
shoulders) that first enters the pelvis and lies
over the inlet. This describe sthe part of the
fetus that will be in contact with the cervix.
This is determined by both attitude and lie. In
about 96% of pregnancies it is cephalic.
6. first stage:
dilation
Begins with the onset of regular contractions
and ends with complete dilation of the cervix.
This stage divided into 3 phases; early latent:
0-3 cm dilation, contractions occurring 5-8
min apart and lasting 20-35 sec. middle or
active phase: 4-7 cm dilation, contractions 3-5
min, and lasting 40-60 sec, Transitional
phase: 7-10 cm, contractions 2-3 min, and
lasting up to 80 sec.
7. SECOND
STAGE:
DELIVERY
OF THE
FETUS
Begins with complete dilation at 10 cm and
ends with the borth of the baby.
8. Third stage
of labor:
Delivery of
the placenta
begins with the delivery of the infant and ends
with the delivery of the placenta; average length
of time is 5 to 20 minutes;
9. Fourth
stage:
Stabilization
immediately after delivery when the mother's
body attempts to recover from the efforts of
labor; monitored closely for 2 to 4 hours after
delivery, vitals, uterine tone, vaginal drainage,
and perineal tissue are assessed. Assessments
q 15 mins during first hour; q 30 mins the
second hour.
10. NORMAL
FETAL
HEART RATE
120-160 bpm
11. Fetal Position the relationship of the occiput, sacrum, chin,
or scapula of the fetus to the front, back, or
sides of the mother's pelvis. (This is ideal due
to the minimal space it takes up and the best
angle of approach to the pelvis
12. 3 phases of
first stage of
labor
early latent: 0-3 cm dilation, contractions
occurring 5-8 min apart and lasting 20-35
sec.
middle or active phase: 4-7 cm dilation,
contractions 3-5 min, and lasting 40-60 sec,
Transitional phase: 7-10 cm, contractions 2-
3 min, and lasting up to 80 sec.*Shortest,
most difficult part of labor
13. Second Stage
of Labor
Signs
10 centimeters , Urge to push is strong,
Woman describes a ring of fire as perineum
stretches and fetal head crowns, Delivery of
Baby,Rectum dilates, perineum bulges and,
the top of the fetal head appears - "crowning"
VS every 5-30 minutes, contractions, pushing
effort, increase in bloody sow, cervical
dilation, FHR every 15 min and after birth,
perineal lacerations
14. rupture of
membranes
*most note time
15. Leopold's
maneuvers
abdominal palpation of the number of
fetuses, the fetal presenting part, lie, attitude,
descent, and the probably location where
fetal heart tones may be best auscultated
16. Supine
Position
Avoid supine- hypotension and fetal hypoxia
17. Signs of
placental
separation
from the
uterus
Fundus firmly contracting forming a globular
shape
Increased number of contractions
Increased bleeding with swift gush of dark
blood from the introitus (vaginal opening)
Umbilical cord appears to lengthen as
placenta descends
Vaginal fullness on exam
18. epidural
complication:
hypotension
may cause maternal hypotension reducing
blood flow to the fetus
19. Fetal Heart
tone priority
care
Variability of 10-15 beats above or below
FHR baseline is acceptable
Early decelerations (coincide) occur at the
same time as the contraction
Late decelerations start after the beginning of
a contraction and indicate decreased blood
flow to the placenta and cord during
contraction*Priority of care is to administer
oxygen to the mother
ob 2
Study online at quizlet.com/_o09co
20. Fourth Stage of Labor:
uterine atony
massage the fundus
Assess fundus and lochia
Ensure bladder is empty
Express clots after uterus is firm
Administer oxytocics
Anticipate surgery if atony persists
21. Nitrazine after ROM=blue deep blue=amniotic fluid
yellow=urine
22. Fundal massage Massaging the uterine funds and/or admin oxytocis as prescribed to maintain uterine tone to prevent
uterine atony and hemmorage (4th stage of labor)
23. Before epidural-hydration Admin IV fluids to offset hypotension
24. Decreased
oxygenation/place on L
side
place client on L side with legs elevated
25. Amniotomy checks perfusion of fetal tissue
labor begins within 12 hours of rupture
pt is at risk for cord prolapse/infection
26. Artificial ROM risk for bradycardia
27. Pitocin Oxytocin/Pitocin
non-stop contraction, causes contractions
stronger, more painful, abrupt peak
monitor: water intoxication, HTN, check I&O
28. Ritodrine Ritodrine/Yutopar- tocolytic given IV
to stop preterm labor
29. Premature labor Need for hydration; ensuring hydration (decreases oxytocin)
30. Protruding cord press on head to decrease pressure on umbilical cord; do NOT push cord back in
can result in cord compression, compromised fetal circulation
31. Herpes automatic C-section; stress can cause outbreak
32. DIC risk for intrauterine fetal demise
death in utero/fetal demise (amniotic fluid, embolism)