QUESTIONS WITH ANSWERS:

What is difference between Switch & Hub?

Switch:
Switches operate at Layer 2 Data Link Layer
Address Learning
Forward / Filter decision using MAC address
Loop Avoidance
Breakup collision domains
Switches create separate collision domains but a single broadcast domain
Hub:
Hub operates at Layer 1 Physical Layer
No Filtering
No Addressing
Hub creates single collision domain and single broadcast domain
Make forwarding to all the ports when signal is arrived




What is PING utility?
PING Packet Internet Gopher
A utility that verifies connections to one or more remote hosts. The ping
command uses the ICMP echo request and echo reply packets to determine
whether a particular IP system on a network is functional. Ping is useful for
diagnosing IP network or router failures.




What is a VLAN? What does VLAN provide?
VLAN Virtual Local Area Network
Vlan is a logical grouping or segmenting a network connected to administratively
defined ports on a switch, they provide Broadcast control, Security and Flexibility.




What is Subnetting? Why is it used?
Used in IP Networks to break up larger networks into smaller subnetworks. It is
used to reduce network traffic, Optimized network performance, and simplify
management i.e. to identify and isolate network problems.




Difference between the Communication and Transmission?
Communication is the process of sending and receiving data by means of a data
cable that is connected externally.
Transmission means the transfer of data from the source to the destination.




What is RAID?
A method used to standardize and categorize fault-tolerant disk systems. RAID
levels provide various mixes of performance, reliability, and cost. Some servers
provide three of the RAID levels: Level 0 (striping), Level 1 (mirroring), and Level
5 (striping & parity).




What are 10Base2, 10Base5 and 10BaseT Ethernet LANs?
10Base2 an Ethernet term meaning a maximum transfer rate of 10 Megabits per
second that uses baseband signaling, with a contiguous cable segment length of
200 meters (185mts). Known as Thinnet.


10Base5 an Ethernet term meaning a maximum transfer rate of 10 Megabits per
second that uses baseband signaling, with a contiguous cable segment length of
500 meters. Known as Thicknet.


10BaseT an Ethernet term meaning a maximum transfer rate of 10 Megabits per
second that uses two pairs of twisted-pair baseband signaling, with a contiguous
cable segment length of 100 meters.




What are the two types of Transmission Technology available?
Point to Point and Broadcast


What is point-to-point protocol?
An industry standard suite of protocols for the use of point-to-point links to
transport multiprotocol datagrams.




What are the possible ways of data exchange?
Simplex
Half-duplex
Full-duplex




What is difference between Baseband and Broadband Transmission?
In a baseband transmission, the entire bandwidth of the cable is consumed by a
single signal.
In broadband transmission, signals are sent on multiple frequencies, allowing
multiple signals to be sent simultaneously.




What is Protocol Data Unit?
The processes at each layer of the OSI model.
Layers PDU
Transport Segments
Network Packets/Datagrams
Data Link Frames
Physical Bits




What are major types of Networks and explain?
Peer-to-Peer Network
Computers can act as both servers sharing resources and as clients using the
resources.
Server-based Network
Provide centralized control of network resources and rely on server computers to
provide security and network administration




What is Passive Topology?
When the computers on the network simply listen and receive the signal, they are
referred to as passive because they dont amplify the signal in any way.




What is Mesh Network?
A network in which there are multiple network links between computers to
provide multiple paths for data to travel.




How Gateway is different from Routers?
Gateway
A device connected to multiple physical TCP/IP networks capable of routing or
delivering IP packets between them.
Router
Its a layer 3 device that connects 2 different networks and routes packets of data
from one network to another. It breaks up Broadcast domain as well as Collision
Domain.




What is Brouter?
Its a Hybrid device that combines the features of both bridges and routers.




What is Subnet?
A subdivision of an IP network.




What is Frame relay, in which layer it comes?
Frame relay is an industry standard, shared access, switched Data Link Layer
encapsulation that services multiple virtual circuits and protocols between
connected mechanism.
Frame relay is a packet-switched technology.




What is Terminal Emulation, in which layer it comes?
The use of software, installed on PC or LAN server, that allows the PC to function
as if it were dumb terminal directly attached to a particular type of mainframe.
Telnet is also called as terminal emulation. It belongs to application layer.




What is Beaconing ?
An FDDI frame or Token Ring frame that points to serious problem with the ring,
such as a broken cable. The beacon frame carries the address of the station
thought to be down.




What are NetBIOS and NetBEUI ?
NetBIOS Network Basic Input / Output System
An application-programming interface (API) that can be used by programs on a
local area network (LAN). NetBIOS provides programs with a uniform set of
commands for requesting the lower-level services required to manage names,
conduct sessions, and send datagrams between nodes on a network.
NetBEUI NetBIOS Extended User Interface
An improved version of the NetBIOS protocol, a network protocol native to
Microsoft Networking. It is usually used in small, department-size local area
networks (LANs) of 1 to 200 clients. It can use Token Ring source routing as its
only method of routing.




What is Cladding ?
A layer of a glass surrounding the center fiber of glass inside a fiber-optic cable.
What is Attenuation?
In communication weakening or loss of signal energy, typically caused by
distance.




What is MAC address ?
The address for a device as it is identified at the Media Access Control (MAC)
layer in the network architecture. MAC address is usually stored in ROM on the
network adapter card and is unique.




What is ICMP ?
ICMP Internet Control Message Protocol
It is a Network Layer Internet protocol, which can report errors and status
information. We can use the ping command to send ICMP echo request
messages and record the receipt of ICMP echo reply messages. With these
messages, we can detect network or host communication failures and
troubleshoot common TCP/IP connectivity problems.




What is difference between ARP and RARP ?
ARP Address Resolution Protocol
The protocol that traces IP addresses to MAC addresses.
RARP Reverse Address Resolution Protocol
The protocol within the TCP/IP stack that maps MAC addresses to IP addresses.
What is the difference between TFTP and FTP application layer protocols?
TFTP Trivial File Transfer Protocol
A stripped down version of FTP, easy to use and fast. TFTP has no Directory
browsing, no Authentication and insecure it can only send and receive files.
FTP File Transfer Protocol
The TCP/IP protocol used for transmitting files between network nodes. FTP
allows access to both Directories and files, manipulating directories, typing file
contents and copying files between hosts.




Explain 5-4-3 rule ?
In a Ethernet network, between any two points on the network, there can be no
more than five network segments or four repeaters, and of those five segments
only three of segments can be populated.




What MAU ?
MAU Multistation Access Unit




What is the difference between routable and non- routable protocols ?
Routable protocols can work with a router and can be used to build large
networks. Non-Routable protocols are designed to work on small, local networks
and cannot be used with a router.




What is logical link control ?
One of two sublayers of the data link layer of OSI reference model, as defined by
the IEEE 802 standard. This sublayer is responsible for error detection but not
correction, flow control and framing.


What is Virtual Channel ?
A logical circuit that is created by Virtual channel links. It carries data between
two endpoints in a network.
The other name for Virtual Channel is Virtual Circuit.


What is Virtual Path ?
Along any transmission path from a given source to a given destination, a group
of virtual circuits can be grouped together into what is called path.


What is multicast routing ?
Sending a message to a group multicast address is called multicasting, and its
routing algorithm is called multicast routing.




What is IGP (Interior Gateway Protocol) ?
Any protocol used by an internetwork to exchange routing data within an
autonomous system. E.g. RIP, IGRP and OSPF.




What is EGP (Exterior Gateway Protocol) ?
It is the protocol the routers in neighboring autonomous systems use to identify
the set of networks that can be reached within or via each autonomous system.




What is Autonomous System ?
A group of Networks under mutual administration that share the same routing
methodology. Autonomous Systems are subdivided by Areas and must be
assigned an individual 16-bit number by the IANA.




What is BGP (Border Gateway Protocol) ?
It is a protocol used to advertise the set of networks that can be reached within
an autonomous system. BGP enables this information to be shared with the
autonomous system. This is newer than EGP (Exterior Gateway Protocol).




What is Gateway-to-Gateway protocol ?
It is a protocol formerly used to exchange routing information between Internet
core routers.




What is Kerberos ?
An authentication mechanism used to verify user or host identity. Kerberos uses
encryption to prevent intruders from discovering passwords and gaining
unauthorized access to files.




What is OSPF (Open Shortest Path First) ?
OSPF is the first Open Standard Link State Routing Protocol.
Its a Classless Routing Protocol meaning when updates are sent they send both
IP address and Subnet mask.
Administrative Distance is 110.
Metric used is Cost i.e. Cost= 108
---------------
Bandwidth
OSPF uses algorithm to build Routing Table called Dijisktra.
Sends only Incremental and Triggered updates. Route updates sent within the
routers will be secured with the help of MD5 encrypted password.
Routing updates are sent as Multicast addresses i.e.
224.0.0.5 SPF (all OSPF routers)
224.0.0.6 Designated router and Backup Designated router
OSPF maintains 3 types of Routing table i.e. Routing Table (Dijisktra), Topology
Table (SPF) and Neighborship Table.
In OSPF Routers can be connected in two methods i.e.
Point-to-Point Link
Point to Multipoint Link
In OSPF a single large Autonomous system is break into small areas. There
should be atleast one area by name Area 0. Its called as Backbone Area.
The Router that connects more than one Area is called as Area Border Routers.
The Router that connects to other Autonomous system is called as Autonomous
System Boundary Router.
Router ID
If the priority is set 1 to all the routers then there is a tie in priority, in this case it
will check if there is any loopback address is given to any router if not the router
with highest value of IP address will be elected as Router ID.
This router will be then called as Designated Router and the router with less
value of IP address after Designated Router will be called as Backup Designated
Router.
If a Router has all interfaces existing in single area than that router is called as
Internal Router.
Whenever a router send routing updates to DR and BDR it uses Destination
address as 224.0.0.6 and when DR send updates to all the routers it uses
Destination address as 224.0.0.5.
In OSPF routing updates are called as Link State Advertisements.
If an OSPF router wants to send updates to other OSPF router then it should
carry 3 requirements i.e.
Hello Packets Received
It contains Area Id, Uptime, Password, Hello Interval, Dead Interval,
Neighborship Table and Router Id.
Point-to-Point Link Point to Multipoint Link
Halo Interval 10 Halo Interval 30
Dead Interval 40 Dead Interval 120
Adjacency Built
If both router interfaces belongs to same Area, same Password then Hallo and
Dead Intervals should be set same.
Neighborship Built
If both routers are adjacent to each other then Neighborship is built in Routers.
When one routerRA sends updates i.e. Link State Advertisements to other
routerRB it will send that update to Topology Database of routerRB and will run
an algorithm SPF on routerRB to create a new Topology Table. After that Dijisktra
Algorithm is run to find the best path and that entry will be put in Routing Table.
The router when sends Hallo packets to other router a Neighborship Table is set
on that Router.




What is SLIP (Serial Line Internet Protocol) ?
An industry standard serial encapsulation for point-to-point connections that
supports only a single routed protocol, TCP/IP.




What is RIP (Routing Information Protocol) ?
Rip run on any Routers hence called as Open Standard Distance Vector Routing
Protocol.
Its a classful routing protocol meaning when updates are sent they send only IP
address but not subnet mask.
Administrative Distance is 120.
Metric used is Hop counts (number of routers to cross to reach the destination).
Rip uses algorithm name Bellman Ford Algorithm to determine the best path
selection.
Supports maximum 15 Hops.
Supports 6 paths if there is a tie in metric i.e. same metric.
RIP Timers
Route update timer 30seconds
Route invalid timer 180 seconds
Holddown timer 180 seconds
Route flush timer 240 seconds




What is the HELLO protocol used for ?
The HELLO protocol uses time instead of distance to determine optimal routing.
It is an alternative to the Routing Information Protocol.




What is the difference between interior and exterior neighbor gateways ?
Interior gateways connect LANs of one organization, whereas exterior gateways
connect the organization to the outside world.




What protocol do DNS name servers use ?
DNS uses UDP for communication between servers. It offers a connectionless
datagram service that guarantees neither delivery nor correct sequencing of
delivered packets (much like IP).




What is a DNS resource record ?
A resource record is an entry in a name server's database. There are several
types of resource records used, including name-to-address resolution
information. Resource records are maintained as ASCII files.




BOOTP helps a diskless workstation boot. How does it get a message to
the network looking for its ip address ?
A protocol used primarily on TCP/IP networks to configure diskless workstations.
BOOTP sends a UDP message with a subnetwork broadcast address and waits
for a reply from a server that gives it the IP address.




What is anonymous FTP and why would you use it ?
Anonymous FTP enables users to connect to a host without using a valid login
and password. Usually, anonymous FTP uses a login called anonymous or guest,
with the password usually requesting the user's ID for tracking purposes only.
Anonymous FTP is used to enable a large number of users to access files.




How do Data Link layer addresses and Network addresses differ? Give a
description of each.
Besides the names suggesting that addresses reside at different layers, other
differences do exist. Data Link layer addresses are assigned by the manufacturer
and identify the actual hardware device. A Network layer address is a logical
address assigned by the network administrator to identify a device running a
Network layer protocol, such as IP.




What are the differences or similarities, if any, between repeaters, hubs,
and concentrators ?
First, they are all Physical layer devices. Repeaters regenerate and amplify the
signal traveling on the wire to extend the normal distance limitation of the signal.
A repeater can connect two network segments. A hub and a concentrator are the
same thing, with hub being the more common term used today. Hubs are
repeaters with 824 ports. When one machine attached to the hub sends
anything over the network, all the devices attached to the hub receive that signal.
Describe, in general terms, the reasons for implementing LAN
segmentation.
It confines user traffic to a segment and addresses and solves distance limitation
problems. Segmentation also cuts down on the traffic generated by broadcasts
and multicasts, and thereby increases performance. Because of the reduction of
the size of the segment, collisions and overall traffic also are reduced.




Which of the three switching methods is fastest, and why ?
Cut-Through switching is the fastest method because the switches read only the
first six bytes of the frame before forwarding it.




What services do bridges and switches provide ?
Bridges and switches can determine whether a frame is destined for the local
network segment or needs to be forwarded to another network segment based
on the destination MAC address.




What are some of the advantages to using bridging and switching instead
of routing ?
a) Increased overhead and latency
b) Reduced overhead and latency
c) Broadcast propagation
d) Lower equipment costs
Answer A is incorrect because it is a negative aspect of routing as compared to
switching. Answer B is correct because bridges and switches look only at
Data Link layer information, whereas routers must process all the logical
address information in the route tables. Answer C is incorrect because
switches do not have this effect. Answer D is incorrect because switches are now
very sophisticated and can cost as much as routers.




What would be the best network segmentation device if you wanted to
connect two dissimilar networks, such as Ethernet and Token-Ring ?
a) A bridge or a switch
b) A concentrator or a hub
c) A router
d) A gateway
Answer A is incorrect because bridges and switches cant perform protocol
translation. Answer B is incorrect because neither a concentrator nor a hub can
segment a network. Answer C is correct because routers can provide
translation between dissimilar protocols, among other things. Answer D is
incorrect because a gateway functions as a translator, not a segmentation
device.


Why is overhead or latency associated with routers? (Choose all that
apply.)
a) Routers must work at layer 3, which is inherently slower.
b) Routers must examine the frame header before passing it.
c) Routers must hold a frame for a given period of time for security purposes.
d) Routers must translate the signal, but then the signal can cut through directly.
Answer A is correct because resolving those addresses is more time
consuming. Answer B is correct because the router must examine and
consider the frame header detail before passing it, which slows
processing. Answers C and D are incorrect because they are simply not
accurate.




Which of the following represents Physical layer devices?
a) Repeaters, bridges, and concentrators
b) Repeaters, hubs, and concentrators
c) Repeaters, routers, and bridges
d) Repeaters, routers, and switches
Answer B is correct because repeaters, hubs, and concentrators comprise
the only combination that resides at the Physical layer. Answers A, C, and D
are combinations of devices that reside at different layers.




How do routers make routing decisions?
a) They build tables and make their decisions based on those tables.
b) They perform lookups and make their decisions dynamically with discovery.
c) They use hello packets to discover routes on the fly.
d) They query NetBIOS cache for the appropriate paths.
Answer A is correct because routing decisions are made based on the
contents of routing tables. Answer B is incorrect because routers are incapable
of making decisions without tables already in place. Answer C is incorrect
because hello packets are used to calculate routes when new routers are added
to a network. Answer D is incorrect because it is simply inaccurate.




Choose the devices that are used for Data Link layer segmentation.
a) Concentrators and switches
b) Routers and bridges
c) Bridges and switches
d) Bridges and hubs
Answer A is incorrect because concentrators reside at the Physical layer and
switches at the Data Link layer. Answer B is incorrect because routers are level 3
devices and bridges are level 2 devices. Answer C is correct because bridges
and switches reside at the Data Link layer. Answer D is incorrect because
bridges reside at the Data Link layer and hubs at the Physical layer.




What is an advantage of having a VLAN (Virtual LAN) ?
a) Traffic control between VLANs is processor intensive.
b) Broadcasts of multicast traffic are contained within one VLAN.
c) Theyre more flexible because they enable device assignment only on a port-
byport
basis.
d) With VLANs, users are not inherently isolated by group.
Answer A is incorrect because there is nothing more or less processor intensive
about VLANs. Answer B is incorrect because there is no such thing as a
broadcast of multicast traffic; the words broadcast and multicast are mutually
exclusive. Answer C is correct because VLANs extend the flexibility of LANs
by enabling the port-by-port isolation of users and assignment to distinct
VLANs if desired. Answer D is incorrect because VLANs by their definition
segment workgroups.




Which two characteristics describe Store and Forward switching ?
a) The entire frame is copied into the buffer.
b) The frame is forwarded based on the first six bytes.
c) It provides higher throughput.
d) It provides error checking.
Answers A and D are correct because Store and Forward switching copies
the entire frame into the buffer before forwarding, which also provides for
error checking. Answers B and C are incorrect because they describe Cut-
Through.




Which two characteristics describe Cut-Through switching?
a) The entire frame is copied into the buffer.
b) The frame is forwarded based on the first six bytes.
c) It provides higher throughput.
d) It provides error checking.
Answers B and C are correct because Cut-Through switching provides
forwarding based on what is contained in the first six bytes of the frame,
which provides higher throughput. Answers A and D are incorrect because
they describe Store and Forward switching.




Name the Cisco proprietary protocol that allows VLANs to be managed
within domains.
VTP (VLAN Trunking Protocol) allows multiple VLANs to be managed within a
single VTP domain.




Name the three VTP modes in which a switch can operate.
VTP switches operate in one of three modes: server, client, or transparent.




Name the Cisco proprietary protocol used on Fast Ethernet VLAN trunk
links.
ISL (Inter-Switch Link) protocol is used to encapsulate VLAN traffic over Fast
Ethernet trunk links.




At what layer of the OSI model do VLANs operate?
VLANs operate at layer 2 of the OSI model.




To allow Inter-VLAN communication, what does your router require?
You need a router that has some kind of viable trunking connection, such as Fast
Ethernet (ISL), and must be configured with subinterfaces.
Choose one method of decreasing broadcasts across a switched network.
a) Set up an Intra-LAN.
b) Set up a workgroup banded by a server cluster.
c) Set up a VLAN to isolate traffic.
d) Set up a firewall to isolate traffic.
Answers A and B are incorrect because they are simply false. Answer C is
correct because each VLAN becomes its own broadcast domain. Answer D
is incorrect because a firewall is meant to shelter internal networks from intrusion
from the outside.




Choose two benefits of VLAN implementation.
a)VLANs incorporate only one router per routed subnet.
b) VLANs control broadcasts.
c) VLANs amplify broadcasts.
d) VLANs ease security restrictions.
e) VLANs provide increased network security.
Answer A is incorrect because routers are not at all necessary for a VLAN to
operate. Answers B and E are correct because VLAN implementation
controls broadcasts and provides isolation, therefore security. Answers C
and D are simply incorrect.




What is the purpose of a trunking protocol?
a) To connect the backbone of a primary VLAN to the backbone of a secondary
VLAN
b) For one switch fabric to be integrated with another switch fabric
c) For a VLAN on one switch to be linked to a VLAN on another switch
d) To enable multiple trunking protocols to communicate
Answers A is incorrect because it uses wrong terminology. Answer B is incorrect
because switch fabric is a hardware-related component of a switch and belongs
to one switch only. Answer C is correct because trunking protocols allow
management of VLANs with similar or dissimilar trunking protocols. Answer
D is incorrect because a trunking protocol does not enable multiple trunking
protocols to communicate.




Choose the encapsulation protocol used on Fast Ethernet links.
a) Cisco Switch Link
b) Dedicated Switch Link
c) Inter-Switch Link
d) VLAN Switch Link
Answer C is correct because Inter-Switch Link protocol is the
encapsulation protocol used on Fast Ethernet links. Answers A, B, and D is
incorrect because no such links exist.




At which layer of the OSI model does ISL function?
a) Data Link layer
b) Network layer
c) Physical layer
d) LLC Data Link sublayer
Answer A is correct because ISL functions at the Data Link layer of the OSI
model. Answers B and C are incorrect because ISL does not function at those
layers of the OSI model. Answer D is incorrect because the specific sublayer
does not have any distinction in this context.




Which method is used by VTP to convey VLAN configuration information
within its management domain?
a) Through directed broadcasts
b) Through LSAs local service advertisements
c) Through multicast advertisements
d) Through port flooding
Answer C is correct because multicast advertisement convey configuration
information to all connected switches in the same management
domain. Answers A, B, and D is incorrect because they do not convey
information within management domains.




In ATM LANE, what factor determines the type of trunking protocol used ?
a) The link type
b) The encapsulation mode
c) The density of VLANs
d) The ATM LANE Module type
Answer A is correct because the link type determines the type of trunking
protocol used. Answers B and C are incorrect because they are simply false.
Answer D is incorrect because the ATM LANE Module is a hardware card and
does not affect trunking protocols.




What is VTP designed to do ?
a) It enables an administrator to manage VLANs across multiple trunk links.
b) nIt enables an administrator to manage VLANs across dissimilar trunking
protocols.
c) It enables an administrator to merge the management duties of more than two
trunk links together.
d)It is used to synchronize VTP advertisements across multiple trunk links.
Answer A is incorrect because trunk links do not address the aspect of
communication. Answer B is correct because VTP is designed to enable an
administrator to manage VLANs running dissimilar trunking
protocols. Answer C is incorrect because a trunk link does not necessary entail
management duties on its own. Answer D is incorrect because it is simply false.




What is a limitation of Intra-VLAN traffic ?
a) Communication is limited to VLANs directly connected to a router.
B) Communication is limited to VLANs off the same switch backplane.
C) Communication is limited to devices within the same VLAN.
d) Communication is limited to devices between VLANs.
Answer A is incorrect because VLANs are connected for Inter-VLAN
communication. Answer B is incorrect because the backplane is where traffic is
actually switched, and it is a hardware component. Answer C is correct
because that is the very definition of Intra-VLAN traffic. Answer D is incorrect
because VLANs cannot talk to each other without a router.




VTP (Virtual Trunking Protocol) exists at which layer and for what purpose ?
A) Layer 2, to maintain VLAN configuration consistency
B) Layer 2, to maintain trunking protocol synchronization
C) Layer 2, to maintain domain synchronization
D) Layer 3, to maintain access lists
Answer A is correct because VTP operates at layer 2 and maintains VLAN
configuration consistency. Although the OSI layer is correct, answers B and C
are incorrect because the second portion of the answers is incorrect. Answer D is
incorrect because VTP and switching do not operate at layer 3 and access lists
are maintained on routers.




What two basic steps are necessary to create access list filters ?
The first step is to build the list at global configuration mode using the access-list
command followed by an access list number signifying the type. The second step
is to apply the list to an interface by using the [protocol type] access-group
command followed by the access list number and parameters.
Identify the appropriate access list range values used to create access
lists.
IP standard access list = 199
IP extended access list = 100199
IPX standard access list = 800899
IPX extended access list = 900999
IPX SAP filter = 10001099




What is the purpose of a wildcard mask?
To enable an administrator to apply an access list rule to a group of hosts or
subnets by masking off bits within an IP address, making the bit positions within
the mask variable.
Name the access list keywords.
any = 0.0.0.0 255.255.255.255
host = specific IP address of an end host (192.16.10.2 0.0.0.0)




How does the direction in which an access list is applied affect datagram
processing?
Access lists applied to an interface in an inbound direction determine whether a
datagram received on an interface will be forwarded or blocked. Access lists
applied to an interface in an outbound direction determine whether a datagram
already received will be forwarded out that interface.




What is the access list number range used to identify an IP standard
access list ?
a) 0100
b) 1100
c) 199
d) 110
e) 101199
Answer C is correct because the correct value range to identify an IP
standard access list is 199. Answers A, B, D, and E are incorrect because
they are not ranges used to identify an IP standard access list.




Which of the following represents the default wildcard mask value ?
a)0.0.0.0
b) 255.255.255.255
c) 0.0.255.255
d) 255.255.255.0
Answer A is correct because, if unspecified, the default mask used is
0.0.0.0. Answers B and C are incorrect because neither are the default mask.
Answer D is incorrect because it is a regular mask, which is not used for wildcard
masking.




Write the command that would apply access list 100 to interface E0 in an
outbound direction. (Assume you are already at interface configuration
mode of the Ethernet interface.)
a) IP access-group 100 out
b) IP access-list 100 out
c) IP access-group 100 in
d) IP access-group E0 out
Answer A is correct because IP access-group 100 out is the command that
would apply access list 100 to interface E0 in an outbound direction.
Answers B, C, and D are simply incorrect.
Which of the following commands creates a standard IP extended access
list that enables ping echo requests to be sent from any host on network




166.10.0.0 to network 155.10.0.0 ?
a) Access-list 12 permit IP 166.10.0.0.0.0.255.255 host 155.10.0.0
b) Access-list 120 permit ICMP 166.10.0.0 0.0.255.155 155.10.0.0 0.0.0.255 eq
echo
c) Access-list 120 permit 166.10.0.0.0.0.255.255 host 155.10.0.0
d) Access-list 120 permit ICMP 166.10.0.0 0.0.255.255 155.10.0.0 0.0.255.255 eq
echo
Answer A is incorrect because the access list number is not an extended list
number. Also, the protocol type is IP not ICMP, and the destination is specifying
the host keyword but using a subnet value instead, which is invalid. Answer B is
incorrect because it uses an incorrect inverse mask for the destination network.
Answer C is incorrect because it does not specify the protocol after the permit
statement and also is using the host keyword with the destination
network. Answer D is correct because it uses a valid access list number and
syntax to forward ICMP echo requests.




Write the command to view all access lists created on your router
regardless of protocol.
a) show access-lists
b) show ip access-lists
c) show ipx interfaces
d) show ipx servers
Answer A is correct because show access-lists enables you to view all
access lists created on your router regardless of protocol. Answers B, C,
and D are incorrect because these commands do not enable you to perform that
specific function.




Which of the following best describes the function of the following access
list line ?
Access-list 87 permit 145.19.2.1 0.0.0.0 155.6.0.0 0.0.255.255
a) Any host on subnet 155.6.0.0 can access host 145.19.2.1.
b) it is an IPX standard access list allowing host 145.19.2.1 to access any host on
subnet 155.6.0.0.
c) It is an extended IP access list allowing hosts on network 145.19.0.0 to access
hosts on network 145.19.0.0, which can access host 155.6.255.255.
d) It is an IP standard access list enabling host 145.19.2.1 to access any host on
subnet 155.6.0.0.
Answers A and C are incorrect because they do not state the actions of this
access list correctly. Answer B is incorrect because this is not an IPX standard
list. Answer D is correct because it correctly describes the access list
behavior.




Which of the following commands applies IPX SAP filter 1010 to an
interface in the outbound direction?
a) IPX access-group 1010 out
b) IPX output-sap-filter 1010
c) IPX output sap-filter 1010
d) IPX-sap-filter 1010 out
Answer A is incorrect because it is the syntax used to define a standard or
extended list. Answer B is correct because it uses the correct syntax.
Answer C is incorrect because it is missing the hyphen between the output and
sap commands. Answer D is incorrect because it is a completely invalid
command.




Which command can you use to display a list of access list filters
configured on your router for IP only?
a) show IP access-lists
b) show access-lists
c) show IPX interfaces
d) show IPX servers
Answer A is correct because show IP access-lists enables you to display a
list of access list filters configured on your router for IP only. Answers B, C,
and D are incorrect because these commands do not enable that specific
function.




Write the command to bind IPX extended access list 901 to interface serial
0 on an inbound direction.
a) IPX access-group 901 in
b) IPX access-group 901 S0 out
c) IPX access-group 910 in
d) IPX access-group 901 out
Answer A is correct because IPX access-group 901 in is the command that
will bind the IPX extended access list 901 to interface serial 0 on an
inbound direction. Answers B, C, and D are incorrect because they are simply
false.




Which two of the following commands will enable Telnet traffic from all
hosts on network 166.10.0.0 to be forwarded to the Telnet server
137.2.10.1?
a) Access-list 110 permit TCP 166.10.0.0 0.0.255.255 host 137.2.10.1 eq Telnet
b) Access-list 99 permit TCP 166.10.0.0 0.0.255.255 137.2.10.1 0.0.0.0. eq 23
c) Access-list 110 permit TCP 166.10.0.0 0.0.255.255 137.2.10.1 0.0.0.0 eq 23
d) Access-list 110 permit IP 166.10.0.0 0.0.255.255 137.2.10.1 0.0.0.0. eq 23
Answers A and C are correct. The only difference between the two is that
Answer A uses the host keyword and the Telnet keyword instead of a port
number. Answer B is incorrect because the access list number is 99, which is
used for standard lists. Answer D is incorrect because it uses IP instead of TCP
after the permit statement.