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Actual
A FUN A NO I NFORM A T I V E WA Y T O I M PROV E Y OUR ENGL l SH!
actua l engl ish.red users.com
BID
Marlon
Brando
Actual tn lish
3I Wonderful World
Exciting news from around [he
world.
8 1 CADCET5
Technology fan? if ( he: answer is yeso
you should check our momhly
sdection of cool gizmos.
26 I BIO: Marlon Brando
The enigmatic. unpredictabJe, raspy-
voicedMarlon Brando change
american acting with his method
performances. influencing generarions
of actoeswho followcdhim.
02 I CD.ROMeontents
28 I F1 Drluer Fltness
34 I Musle Reulew
38I Enllllsh Tlps & T~leks
42 I 5torytelllng
48 I Trlula: l05T
Con ten ts
10 I Are your digital secrets for sale?
Vulnerabilities in lhe computer agehavebeen exposed by stolen laptops.
bungled digilal record.kccping and omer data breaches mal exposcd rens of
lhousands of people to idenlity mefl. BUI lhediscovety of hard drives in
Nigeria shows me poremial for more widespread IhrealS...
16 I David Lynch
20 I Fashion: Piece Corps
Tunics, turdenecks, leggings, gloves ... This season's arry pile-up of chunky
knits and innovative proponions proves rhar, when ir comes [Q layering, less
isn't more.
22 I A different side of Venetian art
Tranquil scenes along [he Grand Canal, [he architectural grandeur of Sr.
Mark's Square and extraordinary light ofVenice, I[aly. have emhralled visicocs
and anists alike clown through the centuries, especially in Renaissance times ..
30 I City guide: Amsterdam
Amsterdam has long been a favorite pon of emry for Americans into Europe:
English is spaken mast cveryv.'here, there's no shartage of things to look at, we
like tu/ips and gables. and lhe beer isgood.

2 Actual En lish SSc,02

CD-ROM Conten~ts
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The CD Iso hdps fcadcfs .mprovc thdr
pronunciarion, bt:causc it conrains till' anides
in audio form.at.
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FuU uocabuLar~v
&TransLations
On Ihe main meen af Ihe CD-ROM yau'lI
find a link lo a PDF file Ihal conlain,
de!inilian, and Itan,latian, o! all Ihe
articles.
We 3150 indudt:d a sclcclion of dictionaries and
rranslarors fur your \X'indows pe. Y Ol! can
install rhcm dirccrly from riJ o CD-ROM.
H
Complehension and Grammar . . .
hU," t""bLoi"l<, wi(hrlll' n'.(I1\.",I blc,o . ,"<1$ /rom
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SOFT WARE EXtROS(S
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Ir has differem typcs of activiries. fmm dassit: Illulriple-choicc ami
rrw:-or-f.1Isc exercises ro [un wordsearchcs.
Actiuities
Interface
Our interactivc CD-ROM incluJ es aJ diriollal tcaching material for
cach anide, which allows rcadcrs ro (est Ihe cOlllprchens'ion levt:l
they have achievcd wirh rhe rcxrs.
TitulO:"AREY OUf.DIGITALSECll.m FOR SAlE?" N~'fIl.OSATRASADOS:Mhi(o: lepresentadone-s EdilOl'<1lesImemadolldles SA de CV.T~: 5~OO...4 S1SICdad.llt M,.xiCo),fa.: ~35.0087" l.ma,l:
reiJ ~m@me.is COll.DE>!.dl.' el inlerlol ~,nCOSIO: 01.S0o-OOSS.BOOIArgentina: wij(l1elos a lU (an,1I11a.pjdaios al (01114 11o-87C() de 10a 13y de 14 a 18, o emib.:! a iellort'IC,eduse.I.(Om tResto de
Lalinoam~rica: em,ba ale(lorelw!'duleu,com I C[>.flQMs.;los CD.RQMI incluidol en es'taptlbllcaciOn atla,san UrleSlrIcto control de calrdad. A~nal ~.H e.ptrirNotan problemal en '\Ualineacin
y no permilrr1la ooueda le lur,l de l:J 5 (Ds, Si eSle el !~calo. per la'lOl Clmur,'qllf!Se con nOWlIflSa los te1efonos y d,'p(ciones qJ e figuran arrih~I 'J ISTRIBUIDORES: Arge'ltna: C~~lal: vaCCd'o Sarl(hel j'
Cia.SA., MorerlO794 p,sc 9 (10910, Coud;,,1de BuenDI Air~; Inleroor:~SA" lite LUiSSenz Perw 1836, ClUlloldce BlIenos M~, I Mxiro: (lTEM S,A, de LV, A~.del (isto No. 101 :01 XocoY J hu~lco
Tialnepantla, ESla:!ode Me~t<o.l Peru:Distribuidora Bol',ariana A~.Republ Col de F~l\ilm~,363'.3637, San Isidro lrma IUruguiJ I:Espert S,R.l. Ciudack>la14 16, Monteo.ideo. IC!lile:Distribuidora '11a[);recta
SAlliQI.elme N"a4 0, ~nliago, !!?l.688,7383 IBohvia:Agt'lloa M~rna .tCId.,General Adt ; HH32.C C,4 62. (o(habamb.:! !eI:005914 .4 22-14 14 .1 Vl"t'eruela:Dltribu;dua ConMerrta' 810que deA'mas.
Edificio8(GCI;J Ece Am1, \ PISOgo, A.San Mar\ln, cruceron fina' A. la Polo', Car3Cas.j P~d9uay; se~ci::llle SAC. (orooel Gracia 22S, AwndOn.1 Mas las marcas 1foff'I(J (/Iadasson pl"opIl'dadde sus r~.
pe<ti'los dueiios. l'IlpI"esoen I(()HorPIel!. I CCPlTighl O [)(- MMVII O~a9d S.A, CIudad de !Iuenos Aires, ,l.rgenhr'a.1 E-l'NIII:a<tuahmgllshOrfflusl"n.(om. 1Hecho el ,IepOSlIClqiJ l"nalca la ~~. IEsla
P\ltJ jjcac:i6rIno ~ ser rl'pfodl.lcida, ni en lodCl ni en J dne. ni reg,Wal!a en Cllfan~mlla por un IlSlerna jp fl"(Opefaci6n di! ,nfamacin, en n'ngtJ J a loona ni por nirgllfl ffiE' Q. sea mt<.lnlCo, fotoqu,mo.
co. e!l"ruOnl(o, miqlP.1ico. e1l>ctroOplJ W. por fOIOCopla~walquler Olro, sir ~1~I1IlIO p eVlo~por escrito ae l.'~lacasa ed!~() a1.te: 2007" Me.(lalCt, - Tnbul'll' Irrfoonatior Serv,c~
Ar~\'O'oJ r digit.;l seaets 101s.alell la l"d.' B\.Ienos lire,: Dalaga, 2007 ~.2, ASp , 2o~2S en. (ActUdl E~isn) llSSN 978-987.2]570-7-7 1. momIK a, I(00 OOSJ
3
triangle, you \Vere insulting God
and corning under Satan's rule.
Oon't let ablack cat cross your path:
A black cm passing in front of )'ou
meens bad luck is on the horizon.
Howcver, in Britain and J apan, itls
comidered good luck.
Openng an umbrella indoors: You
sho,t1d oever open an umbrella
indoors or bad uck will befall ever-
rone insidc. Ir's said this supersli-
tion srems from
5
when umbrellas
served as sunshaJ es. Opening rhe
umbrella insidc \Vas viewed as an
insult ro rhe sun. I Kllrakr Mi/In
Many people aresuper.titious of Fridaythe 13th,
tering your fate
3
, The heS[ isro bury
all the broken piCCl'"underground,
Walking under a Iadder: Pedestrians
avoid oomingO Iadders because
they don't want ro invite bad luck
imo their lives. Onc origin of this
superstition dates to medieval times,
when a lcaning IadJ er was seen t
re~cmble a structllrc uscJ to hang
criminals. \X.'alkingundcrncath ene
was like acting out your own execu-
tion. Far others, the triangular
shape creared b)' a leaning ladder
againsr a wall s)'mbolized the Holy
Triniry, 11'you passed ,hrough the
VOc:ABULj\RX . ...
Of aII the luck
ARE YOU SUI'ERSTITIOUS? DO YOU
have f.lirh in lucky l1umber 7 Of
l1J ng [glu ro a lucky rabbir's bor?
Even if YOll don'( adhere ro csc
supersridol1s, Y0l! likcly have h<:arJ
01' ,hem,
So, c:xacdy what are supcrsririons?
Merriam-Wehster provides a hJ nd-
fid 01' deflnitons, including "", fcar
of rhe unknowIl, trust in magi:: oc
chance" ano "a notion mainrained
despirc cvidence [O me contrae}'."
The numher 13:' In Roman times,
13 hec."ne linked !O bad omens',
partCularly rhose rhat brought
dea,h, Witches reportedly garhaed
in groups 01' 12: the 13th place W:L'
for the devi!. In the biblical world
13 was deemed bad becaus<, 01'
J ndas, ,he 13,h gues' ar rhe I.'St
Supper. He wenr on ro herray J esus.
Friday ami ,he number 13 used lO
be associated wirh capital pllnis-
hment. In British "adirion, Friday
\vas rhe da)' f(>r pllblie hangings,
and suppo.sedly rhere wece 13 ~lCPS
Icading IIp ro rhe noose
2

Breaking a mirrar: In ancicnr

mytholob,)', mirrors \vere bdicved lO
hold the key ro one' s furure, S,) 10
have OIlC break \Vas vicwcd a.'l shat-
WE TRACE THE ROOTS 01' SOME COMMON SUPERSTITIONS
News ~C~C~_ =NG_,,~ _ o' ,_ , INTERMEDIATE I UPPER INTERMEDIATE
1bad omen(s): sorncth.ng rhar is l"O:lsidcrcJ ro he a hdd sign "fhow a fmure l'vcnt will take place 12 noose: oue enJ uf a mp" tied 10torm
a cirdc whidl can he tightcI1Cll wllnd .~I~T1cdling~uch as a pcnon's llcck IU h;llig (= kilI) thtm I 3 shatter(ing) your fate: (rlguralivdy) 10
J e~tr"r Ilr break yuur fal!: ur l1ureinto \"lry~rnJ .llpil'Ct'S14looming: (uf an nhjccI. c:.g.alaJ der) cominginto . i("\vindistinctly. oflen threateningly
15 stem(s) from: 10come fmm or n-igin;ltl' in
,-------
4
Y ou can cal1 it "5hop talk," "I ocker room banter,"
"keeping in touch" or "networking." But the truth
is men gossip just as much as women do.
MEt", SOMEONE NEEOS TO TELL YOU THIS, so rr MIGHT AS
well be me. Y oucan deoy ir. Y oucan caHir "shop ralk," "I oc~
ker room banter2," "keeping in rouch" or "net\vorking."
Bur rhe rfllrh is, you gossip jusr asmuch aswomen do. This
juicy tidbir3 comes courtesy of the Social lssues Research
Centre (SI RC), a nonprofi, ,hin k ,ani<" in England, which
recently inrerviewed 1,000 cell-phone usersabour hoY .'rhey
D i d y o u t l ear?
MEN GOSSI P' ASMUCH ASWOMEN,
ACCORDI NG TO STUDY .
use <heir cell phones for gossip and h"w gossip alfeces ,heir
I ves. The srudy found ,ha, 33 percent of men indulge b
5
gossip everyday or almoHeveryday, compared wirh 26 per-
cem of women. I r qumed approvingly a definidon of gossip
as "chatty ,alk among friends," and also "<he process of
informally communicating value~laden6informarion abour
members of a social serring." Other findings essential ro pass
on ro your 100 closesr friends: I ) Ml:n are more like1yro
gossip wirh work colleagues, love partners and female
friends; women prefer ro dish primarily \Virhfemale friends
and relarives. 2) Men gossip abour work, politics or other
highbrow topie.
1
less than 5 percem of [he time, unless
women are presentoThcn rhe proportion of maje conversa~
tion devoted ro sounding impressi\'c nereases ro 15 or 20
pereem. 3) Meo spcod mueh more time than women ral~
king about themselves.1 Cail Rmmblum
To o t hbru sh trend"
HERE'S A WAY TO HELP THE E\fVI RONMENT THAT Y OU MAY NOT HAVE
CONSlDERED: USI NG A RECY CLED TOOTHBRUSH.
(UM, NOT THAT KI ND OF RECY CLED ... EW!)
The Preserve Toothbrush, made by Recycline. is crea:ed with recycled Stonyfield Farms yogurt cups.
thanks to a partnership created in 2000. The brushes, which first were made in 2001, have recenily
been gaining popularity. Most recently, they were seen in the Will Fenell lilm "Stranger than Fiction".
I I you're really curious aboJ t the recycling process and how everything comes together
9
, check out
this (long) page on Recycline's site: http://www.recycline.com/environment/process.html.
But basically ,11you need to knolV is that they are made up 01 100 percent
recycled plasti, and 65 perteni 01 tha! ,omes from Stonyfield Farm cups.
Theyare 100 perceni recyclable. Y ou "il find them I rom $2.79 to
5 3 . 9 5 . 1 Kim ()s.\i
.The Preserve Toothbrush, made by Recyeline is created with recyeled 5tonyfield Farms yogurt cups.
By ineluding a p051age.paid return envelope, the company encourages you to complete the cyele
by mailing it back instead of tossing it, to be recyded nl0 plastic lumber'o.
VOCABULARV
-- - - --_ .._ ----- -- -----
1 gossip: (v) [O talk ahnu[ other people's privalC' lives (n) a repon o( an intimare namre I 2 banter: conversation which is amwing and not
scrious I 3 tidbit: ;l slllall picce o( inlcrc~ting informatiotl I 4 think tank: an insritutc. corporation, or group orgar iud (or intcrdisciplinJ .rY
rcscarch (as in tcchnologic.tI and social p:ohlelns) 15 indulge in: roaUnw nncstlf ro follow onc's will (often followcd br in) 16 value-I aden:
of high valuC'1 7 highbrow topic(s): (of a wpic) involving S('riollSand complicatcd or artistic idc:tl. or (of pC'ople) inrere5ted in scrious and
complicated subjem I 8trend: a cumnt stylC'ur prC'ferencC'1 9how everything comes together: how the ;.lToduct is obtaincd 1 10
plastic lumber:.l cnmF()sile material molJ e o( rccydcd plasric and wood waH(:s. I rs most widespread ue isin outdoor deck f1oors, but it isal'iO
u;ed for railings, fences, p.uk bcnchcs, window and dour frames, and inJ oor furniture
,.

FUNIBER Argentina informa que se encuentra abierta la inscripcin a BECAS (ciclo 2007.2008)
Masters y especializaciones con titulas de universidades espaolas
Los cursos son desarrollados a distancia (sin clases presenciales)
Cada alumno dispone de acceso a un campus virtual y recibe el material de estudio, en su domicilio
Inscripcin Abierta a programas de Postgrado
y Extensin Universitaria
l w w w . fu n iber .~~ 9
llnln'nldlld
dI. ' l . t'n
lIlIl\t'r~ldutl
d(' Ja~n
l Jnl w r,l dl l d f:u,kl l l l l crrl ko
dcl l )l I, \'III~CO Unl bl 'rl dl l l tl 'l l
Unlnnldlul
de \'11:0
Hello, your

name lS ...
hmm ...
INCONVENIEN1; AS HE RE.\lEMBERS YOURS.
What to do? Hete are sorne tips. cuUed'
ftom the trenches of the I'arry circuir: The
easiesr maneuver is substitution. Give thern
the "Hey, buddy!" Then hope for context
dues or a visit ftom the memory muse2.
Ask questions abOlIt how ther family is
doing something may ring a beUl. If that
fails, ask for abusiness cardo
The friend foil". Work out a system with a
friendo At the Rrst sign of trouble, your
friend steps up and introduces himself,
assuming thal the myste~v person will obli-
gingly5 offer his/her mm>' in response.
If other strategies prove unsuccessful, there
is always rhe phone numher exehange.
Suggest rhis with vigor and eheer. and hand
him a serap ef paper oc your eeU phone.
Lasr resoft: Ir you're still nor sure, find
someone in the roomwho does know
everybody. Ask them. Or you jusr have to
be honesr and be Iike, Wow, reU me your
name again? I Azam Ahm~d
Wha,t do you do 1I you
lorget someone's name7
VOCABULARY .
1 cull(ed): [Oput togcther or form (something) by collectng patu or picccs from variOU5places I 2 m@mory muse: an imaginary force thar
hdps che mc=moryI 3 ring a bell: If something rinp abclJ . it sounds familiar to rou 14 foil: someone or something [hat servesas aCOnrfa5t ro
anorher I 5 obliglngly: willing 10do favors or ro hdp 16 cucumber-scented: with the smell of along min paJ e-greco vegetable wirh dark
greco skin, usually caten raw in salads 17 agoraphobic: aperson who suffers from fear of open spaces, ~oing outside, or distance from a place of
safcty I 8 swears, eross his heart and hope to die: a phl'3se ("cross my heart and hope to diel used to emphasize rhe truthfulness and
sincerity of what one issaying 19 take heart: ro regain one's courage; ro be=cornehopeful
- : INTERMEDIATE I UPPER INTERMEDIATE
7
Y
1
- 1 - III
OU lar, lar ...
UNCONSCIOUS BODY LANGUAGE CAN BETRAY A PERSON GIVING
DECEPTIVE ANSWERS IN A POLYGRAPH TEST',
Electronic
nstrument
m eas u res s ev eral
body functions that
are affected by
psychological stress
>Breathing
>Heartbeat
>Blood pressure
>Sweating
e2003 KRT
So u rc e: ~Readin.9Peo p le: Ho w 1 0
Un ef ' St an d Peo p le an d Pred lCt Th ei r 8eh av o r,
An yt i m e, .An yp lac e," Ho w St u f f Wo rks
POLY GRAPHEXAMINER
Throughout the
interview, the
examiner studies
the subject's
appearance,
mannersms and
body language
Grap h i c : Ad am
Calro s , Eli zab et h
Carb v . Tlf f an y MeCu r1 ey,
an d Aaym an d o le
POlndexter, Sun.St-ntinel
Crossing legs
Shifting in ehair
Leaning forward
Biting lips
' Li e d et ec t o r' t ac t i c s
Science Matters
Investigators giving a polygraph test observe the person's behavor
and watch for tactics amed at defeating the "le detector,"
>Taking a sedati ve befo re test lowers blood pressure and
en h an c es relaxat i o n ; m ay ren d er t es t i n c o n c lu s i v e
>Puttlng deodorant on fingertips keeps polygraph from
detectlng persplration, may conceal' sweatlng
>Hldlng a tack Inslde shoe and stepplng on It during test
increases anxiety, may make test inconcluslve
>Blting tongue or eheek during test causes pain,
Increases anxiety, may alter test results
Telltale' signs of deception
Person may do these unconsciously
1 polygraph test: ao instrumcnt [bu mcouures and rccordj several physiological responses such as blood prc~ur<;pulse. rC'spiration and skin
l. conductivir)' while Ihe subject s askcd and answcn a series of qUt"Hions 12 conceal: ro prevent .mmething fmm being seen or known aboue; to
hide somcthing 13 t ellt ale: al1 0w i n g~sccrc[ ro bccolne known
L
8
Gadgets
Disney S Cel! Phone2
Wireless phones, likethis L GDisney DM -L 21O celi phone, focus
on the "tween"2 set, those between 8 and 12 years old.
(A bout 1200) http://disneymobile.go.com
Kid-Tough
Digital Camera
A tough, rubberzedl shell proteets the fisher-Price K id-
Tough Digital Camera against repeated drops, while dual
hand grips4 and dual eye vewers should help even tipsys
toddlers6 take a steady shol. The camera ineludes a 1.3-
inch color L CDscreen to view/delete shots. Resolution is a
modest 640-by-480. (A bout $70) www.fisher-price.com
lEVEL,: INTERMEDIATE I UPPER INTERMEDIATE
ELECTRONICS ANO TOY MANUFACTURERS CONTINUE THE
PUSH TO MAKE HIGH-TECH GIZMOS EASIER FOR YOUNG
'UNSl TO USE. CHECK SOME OF THEIR INVENTIONS.
I By Aamer Madhani
ZoomBox
Zoombox u,e, a halogen bulb
7
to
project a 60-inch (max) video imae on
a wall, with the content coming Irom
either its built-in D V D / C D player or
Irom a conneC 1eddevice like a video
game 5J ',tem. It ha, built-in ,te reo
,peaker>, a headphone jack
8
and an
image resolution 01 557 by 234 pixel"
(About $250) www.hasbro.com
The Samsung DVD ]R
5amsung popped' the D V D J r.Thi, battery-powered, mobile
entertainment companion lor children play, 3-inch D V D s on a
,uper-c1ear, 2.5-inch color screen. Y ou can record D V D J r. mini discs on
your home D V D burner or camcorder
10
. Pre-recorded titles (that also
play on any DVD deck) will be lorthcoming
11
Irom the likes olWarner
8ra", Paramount, Universal and H80.
(About $150) www.samsung.com
VOCABULARV
- - - - - - --
1 young'un(s): (informal) a youngoncj achitd 1 2 -tw n-: Pretecn.
a child betwecn middle childhood and adolescence:. generally ln me age range
of 8 ro 1 2 years old I 3 rubberlzed: trC:ltcd, coaced, oc impregnated with
rubber I 4 hand grlp(s): a handle, or lhe part of something chat can be
held with the hand I 5 tlpsy: lndined [O rile oc tip I 6 toddler(s): a
rouog child, espe:cially one: who is eaming or has rece:ndy (earned to wa1k
1 7 bulb: a rounded glass container with a thin thread of metal instde which
produces light wh~nanel~etriccurrent goes through it 1 8 headphone
jade: In elecrronlcs, a jack ls g~nerallya sock~r (femal~)conn~ctor. A
headphone jack is one of che rnree standard siz.es of jack. but me rerm could
tefer ro any socket used for this purpose 1 9 pop(ped): edease suddenly I
1 0 camcorder: a ponable relevision ca:nera and vldeocassene recorder I
1 1 forthcomlng: happcning soon
1_....;10
, ' : - ~,. ,-- ~.J : - .
Cover Sto ACTUAL ENGLlSH '- -.", _.- -' .-. .~
Workers in Lagos. Nigeria. unload a shipping
container of old (omputers and electronics from the
United States. The equipment will be stripped. then
destroyed. Security experts say the equipment is
al50 mined for personal information to use in
identity theft.
U.S. computers exponed as trash onen end up scar-
tered' across rhe landscape and leaking contaminanrs.
The worsening problem of digital dumps was a main
ropic when representatives from 120 coumries gathered
in Kenya in hopes of curbing' exploitative dumping.
Besides polluring the planer, there's something e1sero
worry about: Unlesscompurer owners, businesses and
schools rake sreps ro remove informadon from rheir
hard drives ro "wipe e1ean" the digitally encoded
dcviccs inside computers, informarion srored rhere can
come back to haunt
s
.
Computer de.lers imerviewed in Lagos s.id that every
momh, they receive 500 or so shipping comainers
loaded with thous.nds of old monitors, compurers,
televisions .nd other e1ectronic gear. Some of it is
working and has value, bur most is quickly jUllked
6
or
stripped for pam.
omr.uter files on American studems
are privare and revealing. Sorne have
learning disabiIirics. Many scorcd low
on tests. One sufTered abrain injury as
a child, and another ran with gangs,
according ro California school records
rhat inelude names, birrh dates and family details.
More computer files, these frOlnan elementary school
in Virginia
l
coorain whar a seruriry experr called "rhe
Holy Grail" for identiry thieves seeking ro score: teach-
ers' Social Securiry numbers
2
addresses and phone
numbers. AH of [his scnsirive illfonnarion was discov~
ered in Nigeria.
1 discarded: thrown away beousc you no longc! wanl ir O! bcausc it is usclr:~1 2 Social Security number(s): in Ihr: Unitr:d States. a uni4
quc reference num~r assigned to each person whin Ihe Social Suriry system 1 3 scattered: covering awide arca 14 cUrb(ing): ro comrol or
limit somelhing mal isnor desirable 1 S come back to haunt: 10cause rercared sutTeringor anxiety 16 junk(ed): 10gel rid of somelhing becau-
seil isof no useor valuc 17 bungled: spoiled rhrough incompclrncc or dumsiness 18 breach(es): an act ofbreaking alaw, promise, agreemrnt
or rdalionship 19 scam(s): a fraudulenr business scheme 110 outlaw(ing): 10 make (somelhing) iIItga.l111 unbeknown: Wilhoul a parti
4
cular person knowing
I
I
I
--'
/ ' ,-
, -
- -' ,
, ". ~~} ", LEVELS: UPPER INTERMEDIATE I ADVANCED
11
A R E Y O U R
SA LE ?
Computer files from
american schools were
discovered in an unlikely
place: on discarded'
computers for sale in
Nigeria, a cyber-crime
capital of the world.
I By Bill Lambrecht
THE NIGERIA CASE
In recem months, A mericans' vulnerahiliries
in the computer agehavebeeo exposed by
Slolen laptops. eBay-traded hard
drives. bungled
7
digital record-
keeping and other data breaehes.
that exposed rens of thousands of
people 10idemiry thefe
BU! the diseovery of hard d[ives in
Nigeria shows the potemia! for more
widespread threars.
This eoumry isknown worldwide for com-
puter fraud. Many of the e-mails people
receive seeking business partners for recov-
ery of mysterious fonune,. known by
authorities as advanee-fee fraud sehemes.
originare rhere.
Over the years, Nigeria has perfeeted var-
ous "419 scams'''. named for the ponion
of the Nigerian criminal code ourlawing'O
sueh fraud.
U nheknown" to their former owners, tens
of thousands of discarded U,S. computers
get shipped there and other developing
narions each monrh. In an ongoing investi-
gation imo the fateof e1ectron;c waste. the
Se Louis Post-Dispatch bought severa! old
A merican computers rhar had been expon-
ed to the African country. Computer
experts in the United States later analyzed
rheir contents.
They contained sehool record;. private mes-
sages, photographs, financial information and omet
tevealing materials diseatded by people who were taken
aback
12
when latet told of me newspapet's findings.
Then mete ate me hatd dtives mat Americans have
not bometed to wipe clean. porential treasute-ttoves
13
of data that citculate in the Nigerian undetworld.
In ies compurer matkets, dealers keep an eye out for
non-erasod hatd drives. testing them on computers
powerod by porrable generaton. Those bulging wim
information
14
can bring $50 or more, toughly the
price of a new, inexpensive drive.
You never know what you're going ro find mere. A
yeat ago. me Basd Action Network, a nonptofit group
basod in Seattle, recorded asset tags of discarded com-
puters, printers and omer equipment ftom me Illinois
WHAT DO THIEVES LOOK FOR?
Old computers from tlle United State are sold in a
market in Lagos. Nigerla. Sorne stlll contain personal
information of the prevlous owner which can be
used in identity theft.
Department of Transportation, the Illinols
Department of Publie Aid, me Illinois Department of
Employment and the Illinois State Police.
A young Nigerian compurer expert who frequents me
markers desctibed what happens: "They look especial-
Iy for your transactions and money records. They tey
to find names of your relatives, friends and your rela-
tionships to help mem with their fraud."
Many Afrieans kno,," what's going on, even if
Americans don't. Oladele Osibanjo is the regional
coordinaror fur me Basel Convention, a 14-year-old
global treary aimed at preventing shipments of haz-
atdous wastes ro countries ilI-equipped
1S
to handle
memo
Speaking in his office at me Universiry of Ibadan in
Nigeria, Osibanjo ca1led American expores a "vicious
circle."
"The e-wasre you ate exporting is coming back tO you
in me form of cyber-crime," he said. "Maybe when
Americans realize what is happening, mey will be a lit-
tle more careful."
While privacy concerns hit home to
the teachers, experts say the informa-
tion on the old dri\les poses a practi-
cal dangeras well.
IdeQtitythievessometimesdigdeeply
into (omputers for valuable informa-
tian, and sorne even dE"ployth' same
high-techsoftwareusedbylorenslc
experts.Butall theywouldhav,
neededto dowiththeoldharddrlve
is plug it nto any personal (omputer
andlookundera filemarked
"SS#.Ooc"or somethingsimilar.
Ther. theywouldhavebEenableto
harvest Social Security numbers -akin
to goldforcomputercriminal s- of
PollyMcAllist,randtheothers.
"Thal'severythingtheyneedto apply
forcredltcardsor anythingelse.and
there's linlethat couldbedoneto
stopthern," saidlay Foley, founderal
theIdentitylheft ResourceCenter.a
nonprofit group based in San Diego.
Personaldetailso!herthanSocial
Security numbers and financial
records :.trealso pnzed I by identity
thieves,saidToddStefan,asecurity
speciali'tal SetecInvestlgations.
basedir LosAngeles.oneof two
. compan.esthat analyzedharddrives
forthePost-Oispatch.
"11 I haveonebit of yourinformation.
I can masquerade as someone who
knowsmore."hesaid. "Andthenext
thingyouknow,I'minyourbank . ,'~
records ..
VOCABULARY
- - -
12tak.n .b.ck: 'wprl.<,hnd discon",,,<d113 t, u... ov.(.): di=v<'}' nf g.tvaJ u</14bullll"ll wlth (Inform.tlon): RU!
ro oo:rflowing. completdy fuU of (infomution) 115 III-equlpped: J acking me abili()'. qualities or equipmenr ro do something 116 forensle
rdanng ro or daUng with me application of scienti6c knowlcdgc to legal probJ ems 1'7 prlzed: cons.idered valuable and impomnr 118 masque-
rad. as Csom.onwsomethlng): te pretend or appear tO be someone or sometbing
,:. . I .... ,EVELS: UPPER I NTERMEDI ATE'I ADVANCED 13
Comp.ut er wast e
Waste I rom discarded computers contains many toxic substances
that cause air and water pollution and damage people's health.
What's incomputer waste?
Location of toxic elements and health hazards
Howmuch waste?
By2007, the estimated number
of discarded U.S. computers will
total 500 million; waste
components, in pounds (kilograms):
Plastics 6.3 billion (2.8 billion)
Lead 1.6 billion (0.7 billion)
Cadmium 3.0 million (1.4 miliion)
Chrom um 1.9 miliion (0.9 million)
Mercury 623,000 (280,350)
B A R I U M
Protects users I rom CRT
radiation; can damage
heart, tiver, spleen,
brain, museles
C p . O M I U M
Used in some chips,
CRTs;damages
kidneys, bones
1 1
P H O S P H O R
Applied to inside 01 CRT
face plate; very toxic
L E A O
CRTs, circuit board solder;
inhibits children's
development, damages
kidneys, nervous and
reproductive systems
SoU fce: Silicon VaHey TO ;l;ics C oahtton. U ,5. Nationaf Safety C ouncil. KR T lI tu'>tration San\:.
,
C KR O M I U M
Proteds steel plates,
housing; can damage
DNA, cause asthmatic
bronchitis
M E R C U R I
Light bulbs; damages
brain, kidneys, developing
letuses
,
02006 KR T
Graphk J udy Treible, Pat Carr, Ange a Smith
T_

B R O M I NP . TE O
F Li'.ME RElI '.RO ,.Nl
Reduce level
01 hormone essential
lor normal growth
I
PLAS1I CS
Used throughout; PVC
plastics lorm toxic dioxin
when burned
B E R Y L lI U M
O n motherboards, -=1
connectors;
carcinogen
SO ME EXAMPlES
A hard drive lor sale in a compurer marker in Lagos
once belonged ro Lori Sehnaek, a distriet speeeh
parhologist for the Anahcim Union High School
Disrrict in California.
I r conrained evaluations of hgh school slUdenrs that
derailed theit test scores and problems, including
autism and stuttering, along with classroom recom-
mendations.
Allahcim schools, with 35.000 srudems at 22 sites. ger
rid of hundreds of computers eaeh yeat. Unril recent-
I y, that llleanr rurning them over 10 the Liquidation
Company, ao auction house in F ontana. California.
withour bothering ro remove data.
~--. . . ,. . '
:._-~.
DELETE I T Y O URSELF : SO F WA.RE
THAT CO STS BETWEEN $30 .AND $140
CAt.J WI PE Y O UR HARDRI VE CLEAN:'~
,.

HAVE I T SHREDDED: PRI VATE

CO MPANI ESSHRED HARD DRI VES
.' AND D'I SCARD THE-M'F O RAF EE
, ". - -._-- ~
RANGI NGF RO M $7 TO $10:"~ .,
-'->;.
,
In recent months, American's vulnerabili-
ties in the computer age will be exposed
by stolen laptops, eBay-traded hard drives,
bung!ed digital record-keeping and anoth-
er data breaches who exposed tens 01
thousands 01 people to identity theft. But
the discovery 01 soft drives in Nigeria
shows the potentia! lor more widespread
threats. This country is known "mldwide
about computer Iraud. Many '01the e-
mails people receive seeking bU5inesspart-
ners lor recovery 01 mysterious fortunes,
known by authorities as advance-Iee Iraud
schemes, originate there. Over the years,
Nigeria has perfected various 419 cams,"
named lor the portion 01 the Nigeria's
criminal code outlawing such Iraud.
Unknown to their lormer owners, tens 01
thousands 01 discarded U.S. computers
get shipped there and other developed
nations each month. In an ongolng inves-
tigation into the late 01electronic waste,
the 51. Louis Post-Dispatch buy several old
American computers that had been
exported to the African country.
Discarded computers and other electronics are thrown into a
landfill with other waste inlagos, Nigeria. Officialssay the
e-waste poses health and environmental problems.
Liquida,ion Company officialsdidno, remrn areporters phone
messages. bu, ,hey told a district representa,ive ,ecenrly ,ha,
chey knew sorneof checompu,ers ,hey aucrioned ended up in
Nigeria.
The company won', be handling any more of the Anaheim
schools' computers: Afre, inquiries by the St, Louis Post-
Dispa,ch. Anaheim schools decided roseek anocher oudet.
School officialsa1sobegan using !Oftware,hat eraseshard drives
before chey are discarded. and mal' hire a reeycling company
chat would shred'9 old hard drives.
Identity ,hef, is common; las, yea, the Federal Trade
Commission reported 45.175 complaims from California
(ranked 3rd per capi,a). Arizona ranked !lrs, per capita. wi,h
9,320 complainrs. But seldomdo people track down how cheir
priva,e information wasobtained, said Beth Givens. an identity
cheft expert who heads chenonpro!l, Privaey Righrs Clea,ing
House in San Diego.
"How would 1 know that when 1 tossed our2
0
my computer
wich irs hard drive ayear ago chat ir wouId go to Nigeria. and
someone thece would be smart enough ro use me information
to open up acredi, caedinmy name?" sheasked. "Or chatsome-
body srolem)' identity afrer 1 donated my computer and it was
sold for $5? How could 1 possiblyconneet ,he dors?" Al
19 shred: to desuoy a docum~mbytearingit into strip$120 tossed out: rhrown
af c a.s t ;w;y
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UMSA ARGE.NTINA
l-..-.ollll. __ . .- _turlsrnorput
2
lEVElS: ADVANCED / PROFI CI ENCY 17
J
t'.~nalur:l lo think of Davi ::i Lynch dccompanied by a
O 'N , meniKlnf hum
2
in rediMe. Not a1 aura D f bliss.
Bull'm drinkirrg (offee with lhe creatcr af Blue
Velvet: "MulhoUand Orive" and li le "Twin Peaks.
series, \'ho al~o uses rotttng animal flesh in his arto
Lynch, who is 61 years old. spent time in Seattle to
promote his n('w film, "Inland Emplre, ' and hls new
book Catchng lhe Big Fish. The former is a darle
three-hour fugue
6
starnng Laura Dern as "a woman In
trouble and [he latter 1$about the source of hls b1iss:
transcendenta meditation.
Do YOU know what -Inland Empire" is about7
Sure.
Help me out, then.
No, I'm no! going to tell you. You gotta know what
you're doing. At first you don't know. Al frst 1didn't
have a due
7
, but this is always the way it is. The thing
is, you know, \'Veget ideas. Or as in the case of
Catching the Big Fish: we catch idees. And we
don't know quite how i t happens, but suddenly,
bango! There'; an idea! A1d , plcture i t as, the idea
was t,",ere. It (J mes up and it enters the conscious
mind, and thel bingo! We see 11.And not only do we
see t, but we <now It, aU in an instant. And we know
we know It, because lIJe can write it down. And e'ven
VOCABULARY
18 Interview DAVID lINCH
though it come5 in an instant, we can
write a lot of things .paragraph after
paragraph sometimes. dialogue, the way
people look, the way they sound, the pace
of a thing, the rlood of a thing- all there
in an idea! Unbelievable!
l'd slept poorly the night befare and
dozed offS briefly. I (Quldo't
differentiate between my dream and
the movie.
One lady tald me about the same thing
5he went away partway through the film
sleeping and dreaming, and she said she
really wanted to teH me aboJ t the dream
she had, because it was probably being
fed by the film i,sorne ways, and I didn't
have time to get it from her, but she saic it
was quite something.
They eaU Spokane
9
"The Inland
Empire." but it doesn't seem to have
much to do with Spokane.
No, but it has to do with Inland Emplre.
Those words said something about this
(the movie), and so lloved it as a title.
Want to know what's missing1
What's missing?
Dancing dwarf.
No.
No?
No.
Let's go to TM10. It seems
incongruous 11that aman who makes
such profoundly unsettling12 movies
radiates bliss,
Bliss. It's such a beautilul thing, and we 311
have some of it. There's a phrase, -True
happiness is not out there. True happineis
les wlthin. " And that phrase I used to
think about. And it had a ring 01 truth to
t
13
, but they don't tell you where the
within is, nor how to get there. Do you sit
and just think about it? I don't know. I'e
heard about meditation, but I thought it
was a waste of time. What I'd pictured ii
my mind was people just sibng kind of
pretending to do something and thnkin~
it was cool.
. .:
So how did you get ioto it?
I'm gOlna tell you. I was working on
.Eraserhead~14 in the stables 01an 18-
acre e~tate.l had haylofts
1S
maid's
quarters, garages, stalls. and 1had tons of
equlpnent. aHfrom the American Film
Institule, almost a httle studio. And I
thougbt. I should be the mas! happy'6
camper
l1
in the 'NOrld. and Iwas thinking
one dy that I wasn't. It was just hollow
inside. And it was just kind 01
confoLnding 18, and I thought maybe this
medlWion is a way to go within,
And tren my sister called out of the
blue
19
, said she'd 5tarted tramcendental
medltc:tion, told me about It, and in the
light of what I'd heard befare, it made
sense. And the big;est thing, thaugh: I
heard a change in her voce that was more
happlress and more self-assuredness
20
.
And trat together with what she told me
about t, I said, "That's it," anc I started.
And did it take me withn? let me answer
that.
Veah, 90 ahead.
It was incredlble. Because yau sit
comf01ably, clase your eyes. NOlse is no
barrier, thoughts are no barriers. lt's not a
trying, it's not a form 01concentratlOn. It's
not eVE'na form of contemplation. You
just innocently say this mantra
21
, and my
experience was as if I was in an elevator
and they cut the cable and I just went.
And it was so powerful and so unque, I
thoug~lt. "Man! I'm a human being, and
I'm ha\'ing this experience?" Unbelievably
beauti;ul. $0 it was not a prob!em for me
to stay regular in my meditaton. And I
understood what within s. I understood.
Becau~e I was one place and 1relt the dive
and I 1:.lt transcending and I fe t that bliss,
and just waves of bliss.
I think the Beatles 90t more
interesting after they discovered the
Maharishi
E. eryt~,ing gets better. It does. And t's not
a surface cure that daesn't really work. It's
i I
"
8 doz(ed) off:tu f.111!Ha ;l liglu slec:p, ~spedally ullillrentioll:tlly I 9 Spokane: at1lmthat prcmicrcd ar the 2004Sun&lncc Film Fl'stival, wrir-
ten and direcred by L1rry Kcnnar. The cast indudeJ Kylc Bllrnhdmer ;lIld1;lson\X!aters.A short film, wirh a run time of unly 29 minutes. h was ;Iw;\r-
ded an honol'.lblc mcnrioll in rhe imcrnatiollalshorts C<l.tcgory110 TM:acronym for transcendental mc:dirarion 111 incongruous: lacking in har-
mOIlYor comparibility or appropriatellc.ss 112 unsettling: caming anxiety 113 it had a ring of truth to it:ir sc:emedro h..truc:114
Eraserhead: a 1977tIlmw:ittcn and dir:cted by Dal Lynch. ThefilmsrarsJ ack Nance and Charloue Sr:wart. Era5erhcad illitially polui/.cd ami
bafficd mOln}' erides and lllovic-gucrs, hnweV('rovcr time rlit. mm has h;:comc ;\ cult c!assic, known for its drcamlikc aura, .strangcsoundrrack and surre-
al imagery 115 hayloft(s): lhe uppcr srCl"{'Yofa b,Ull useJ fO[ swring hay 116 the most happy: chehappiesl117 camper: somC(lllCliving
ccmporarily in a Il'nt or Indgc for rl't:rcalion 118 confounding: tuwnfusc .(snmeont:) br being J ifficult tuexplarn or dC".t1 Wilh119 out of the
blue: in a Wil}' lhal Wil5 nO( cxpceteJ 1 20 self-assuredness: confiJ encc i:1}'our own worrh 121 mantra: k~pC'Ci.1l1yin IlinJ uism anJ
BuJ dhism) aword or snunJ whkh is bdicnd 10pnsscss aspedal spirituJ .1powcr
--~
,
LEVE~S: ADVANCED I PROFICIENCV. 19
not partia! knowledge. t's a field of total knowl-?dge. It sounds
so strange, but it is the knowledge and creatvit'l and power
and bliss lhat creates the entire uni\'erse.
Proceeds from your book go to The David Lynch
Foundation for Consdousness-Based Edu(ation and
World Peac:e, Consciousness-based educ:ation: sort of like
No Inner Child Left Behind?
That's a very beautiful phrase you just said. The engine that
drives learning is intellisence, consciousness, ability to
understand, appreciate something. And if they (students) have
a small amount of cons::iousness -el'en if they have a big
amount of ::onsciousness- if there's stress and strains and
horror in the school, learning becomes such a bJ mmer
22
.
In consciousness.based education, y::>uallow that student to
dive wlthin
23
twice a day, and wha'. happens is the Iight of
the unifled fleld -pure consciousnes~- starts beng enlivened
24
by the experience of trenscendlng, and t starts 9rowing. NOI/1/
the student gets a little bit happier, and the student is
shedding a little bit of that stress, a little bit of t'lat fear,
anxiety and depression or whatever, anger. And they start
getting along better with their teachers, and the knowledge
gets easier to understand, easy to aJ preciate, and t's
happening, it's in schools, and those schools that it's in, the
success rale 15 phenomena1.
Season two of "Twin Peaks" is finally getting to DVD six
years after season one, WiII you ever revisit
25
it?
I don't think so, But you know 1a!\o\oays say llove that world
Obviously Ilove that world. But you know it just, jt carne to an
end in my mind really when we wee pretty much told to salve
the case with Laura Palmer.
Cups of coffee per day?
Well, 1always said 20, 1don't know if t's quite 20, But it's
between 10 and 20.
The people who see your films enhanced somehow
might be surprised that you don't do any drugs,
No, I don't do any drugs. But here's the thing: There's a guy 1
met who wrote a great book called "2012, " he's nto all kinds
of drugs. Hs path is, hE doesn't reaIycall them drugs but
"medicines, ' And you can get man'l, many experiences. AH
['m sayin' is, there's an easier way to go, and some of those
experiences cost the nervous systerr a pretty penny. lt's a
strain on the nervous system, it's a jolt
26
to ratchet
27
that
thing up and g, ve you t'lat experience,
What is it about rotting flesh?
Textures. There's three words: satva, rajas and temas. Satva is
building the next step. Rajas is maintaining the ~tep befare.
And tamas is destroying the one that went before that. So
that's the way crealion goes. Everything doesn't just get built
and stay that way. There is a stream of evolution. So when any
one of thes>?processes is going, pre:ty fascinatirg textures
come out: colors, shapes, forms. A Iot of pecple on the
decaying side turn away, but there's an incredible thrng lo
flesh in ts bloom
28
ano in its decay AE
Exercise:
Focus on Vocabulary:
: The following list contains four idioms
from the article. However, the words have been
arranged incorrectly. Can you rearrange them to
discover what the idioms are 7
out of the c1ue
C05t150mebody)a ring of truth
have a pretty ring of penny to it
not to have a blue
Now that you have ch9cked your answers to the
exercise above, use the idioms to paraphrase the
following sentences. Remember lo make the
necessary changes to start the sentence as it is
indicated:
1>Though you may 10t believe it, this fish story
seems to bE-true. Believe it .
2 >That coat must have cast YOJ a fortune!
I am sure.
3 >Unexpectedly, her brother srowed up at the
wedding.
her brother .
4 >Don'l ask your father which key to press - he
knows nothing about -:amputers.
Your fathf'r so .
VOCABULARY _ _. ..... _ _' . . ..
22 bummer: ,llI l'xpcril'rKc {ha! is il'riudng or fiu.mating or Jklppoiming I 23 dive within: CXrlorl' (thcir) insiJc I 24 enlivened: made
livdy or spiritcd 1 25 revisit: rocof\.lidn or take L.pagain I 26jolt: :1t1abrupr spasmodic movel11cnt or an llnpleaS:lJHshock ur ~urrrisc I 27 rat-
ehet (that thing) up: rno\'l' h)' (kgrt'l's in olle Jircctioll onl)' I 28 bloom: to grow ndcvelopstlcccssfull)'
20
Piece Corps
Bubble wrap
BCBG Max Azria charcoal wool shawl-collared
s
cardig3n, $218, Saks Fifth Avenue; Stella
McCartney wool jersey turtleneck' dress with
bubble hem
6
, S925, and Rozae Nichols leggings,
$160, all Neiman Marcus; Vince leather belt, $125,
P remium 93; Lanvin tlat boots, $748, Gregory's.
Grunge glamour
Marc J acobs bias plaid wool blouson top, $925,
ribbed cashmere T-shirt, $695, and wool knickers,
$1,100, all Nordstrom; Marc J acobs patent and
suede ankle boots, $985, and wool hand-knit cap,
$395, Barneys New Y ork; Siu Y in Chau ribbed wool
leggings, S 105, www.siuynchau.com
1 turtleneck: a high tubular collar fitting c!o,;t:!y aruunJ rhe tleck I 2 leggings: a pair of ver}' right lrousers maje from a man:rial that
strerches casily, usually worn by .. omcn I 3 chunky: describes c1odu:,s tllat are thick and hC'~vr, nr jcwdry made uf large picccs I
4 layering: (he wtariog uf light.veight 01 unconstructed brarnlCIHS !lne upon rhe ocher, J.\ llJ crc:alC a fashionable cnscmblt: !H 10 proyidc
warmth without unduc bulkincss or hea\'iness I 5 shawl-collared cardigan: a caraigan with a doak consisting of an oblong piece uf
cloth used 10cm'er the head ana shouldcrs 16 hem: rhe cdS'" uf apico: of clorh, .mch as dI!: bottlJ m edgc of a skirt or dress. which is foldcJ
over and seWll so rhar ir docs nor uevclop loase threads I 7 fatigue jacket: a men'> jacket with a militar)' sl}'le I 8 deconstructed
skirt: skirt mOlde of different-si1.cd picces of doth.

i
l
LEVELS: UPPE1 INTERMEDIATE I ADVANCED 21
TUNICS, TURTLENECKS', LEGGINGS2, GLOVES THIS SEASON'S ARTY PILE-UP
I
OF CHUNKYl KNITS ANO INNOVATIVE PROPORTIONS PROVES THAT, \X'HEN IT
COMES '1'0 LAYERING4, LESSISN'T ",.fORE.
Mixed message
J unya Watanabe fatig"e jacket', $' ,470, deconstructed
skirt
B
, 1505, and cargo pant, $785, with Y ohji Y amamoto
long'sleevec mtton T-shirt, $220, and Mischa Lampert
hand.knit WJ ol hat, $235, all 8arn1ys New Y ork; Converse
AII-Stars, $35.
Sweater sisters
Stella McCartney color-blocked zip-front wool cardi-
gan, $1,545, Neiman I~arcus; and Graham & Spencer
leggings, 5110, www.grahamandspencer.com. (Right)
Alice Roi wool dress, $310, www.aliceroi.com;and
Graham & Ipencer leggings, S11o; Patricia
Uncerwood hand.knit wool hat, $275, Intermix,
www.intermixonline.com
limes, manks in no small par! 10
lhe Republie's vasl aeeumulaled
wealm. A keyStyliSlicdevelopment
in Venetian art during lhis period
involvedaswileh flOmavelticallo
hOlizontal formal. Anolher sawlhe
addition of painted landscapes in
lhe background of religious rende-
lings.
RELlGION
The eombination of religious figu-
res and pastoral background' ima-
gery9 in Venetian art provided a
fresh lake'o on a lraditional sub-
jeel. In lhe "Virgin Wilh :he
Blessing Child" (I 51O), Giovanni
Bellini expanded his eompositional
spaee by fealuring lhe Madonna
Wilhehild ser againsl a horizonlal
VOCABULARY
panoramic landscape. Giolgione
100k me ereative enhaneemenes"
one step furmer by placing the
hol)' figures slighd)' off center 10
open up lhe seenery in his
"Adoration of lhe Sheperds
CAllendaleNativity')" (c. 1500).
The landseapes in many ofTilian' s
pieeesaetually link hiswOlksIOge-
lher, including cwo nOlable pain-
lings on view. "The Feasl of me
Gods" (1514/1529) was exeeuted
by Bellini originally, and represenes
one of his fewpaintings on canvas.
Several years laler, Tilian, afOlmer
srudent of Bellini, 100kabrush 10
lhe painting once again. He added
a sleep cliff12ro me background
mountain, and punehed Up13lhe
skyWilhan u1rramarineblue. Wilh
lhese changes, me pamung assu-
med acloserelalionship Wilhsimi-
lar scenery in Titian' s "Baechanal
of me Andrians" (I522-24). The
cwo ?aintings a1mosl beeome one
rolling view of mythical depla-
vity14when viewedIOgemer.
FEMALE & MALE FIGURES
Allhough formal pomails of
women by Venelian artisesare few
in number, a eouple of mese a1lu-
ring'S renderings show up in lhe
display, including raredepictions"
of (' Laura') " (1506), aslaleof par-
tial undress and an exposed breasl
produce a provocalive sensuality.
Anomer portrait, "Flora" (c. lhe
fluidgeslureand placid, yel gentle,
expression exudes
17
an appealing
9 imagery: (in Iitcratutc=) ;ln)' \Voros thu cn:a((: a piturc in your head or thc=use of pictures or words ro :reate mages. esp. (O creare! an
impression 01 moad 110 fresh take: fresh scene capturedm 111 enhancement: an improvement (har m:akes somerhing more agrcc=ableI
12 steep cllft: a high atel of rack with a very steep sirle, often on a coase 113 punched up: made ir more c:xpressive and powerful114
depravity: corrupt or depraved or degenerare aet or practice 115 alluring: highly artraetive and able to arouse hopc or desire 116
depiction: a represenmion bypieture or ponraitute 117 exudes: shows. makes apparent. tr.msrnits
-
warmth, and earned high prai;e from admi-
re" and ocher areists alike.
Venetian areists also ereated ar.other form of
pomaiture
19
unique for this period _ ideali-
zed visions of meno The subjects in chese
pomaits assumed invented guises
2
., such as
chat of apoet, soldier or musician. Giorgione
and Palma Veeehio instilled
21
cheir pomaits
with a sense of drama and romance by foeu-
sing on the sietecs aetitude ane demeanor
22
,
racher than social status. Titian, by eontrast,
took a dilterent line in his pomaits. The
young man pictured in his "Man with a
Glove" (c. 1523/1524) appears more reser-
ved, and conveys a quiet confidenee that
would inluenee European pomaiture for
years to come.
VOCABULARV
Exercise:
Reading-Comprehension
. Readthe text and decide
whether the following statements are true or
false
1I The exhibition "Bellini, Giorgione, Titian and the
Renaissanc e of Venet ian Paint ing" f oc uses on c l assic
renderings of the famous canal eity by Renaissanee artists,
whieh have long ser;ed as iconierepresentatlOns 01Veniee
V F
2 I The show explores Venetian Renaissance artists' my1hieal
landseapes, portralts and thousands 01nude works.
V F
3 I The eombination 01religioLsbackground imagery and
pastoral ligures in Venetian art provided a Iresh view on a
traditional subJ eet.
V. F
4 I Giorgione's innovation consisted in placinglhe holy
figures slightly off center to open up the scenery in his
"Adoration of the Shepherds.
V F
5 I Earlyin the 16th eentury, Venice endured the plague, a
devastating lire and wars with the Ottoman Empireand the
rival League of Cambrai.
V F
6 I Titian, a lormer student 01Bellini,intnodueed sorne
changes in the masler's paintir.g "Virginwlth the Blessing
Child".
V F
7 Iln spite 01the laet that portraits 01women by Venetian
artists are lew, a eouple 01these aUraetive renderings are
shown in t he exhibit ion, inc l uc ing rare depiet ions of semi-
nude IlgLres.
V F
2 5
19 port rait ure: [he: pr~cticeor 3rt oi making ponraits I
20 guise: rhe: appearance of somCO/le Of l l omc rhing,
espcdally when nrended to dee ..e I 21 instill (sthg)
with: to pur a feding. idea oc principIe gradually ioto
somcone's mind. so thar ir has a s[rong influencc on rhe way
(hey think or behavc I 22 demeanor: a way uf looking
and behaving.
llL ';(9'liS 'l(V 'HE 'ji, 'j(1'A3' "3MSN"
il I -
ONTHE CD:AUDIOARTICLE& MORE EXERClSES
26
I By Carrie Rickey
The great films he made remain a testament
to a prodigious talento
Marlon Brando
he only thing an ador owes his public
is not to bore :hem," Marlon Brando
usedto sayoAnd he didn't. I na 50-plus-
year career 01classicmovies, legendary
stage performances and lilm bombs,
Brando was nENerboring. The eight-
time Oscar-nominated, two-time
Oscar-winning actor died J uly, 1sto 2004 at
the age 0180.
Brando made 39 lilms; among them he gave
hall a dozen 01the greatest performances in
screen history. He was good enough to
become great, and great enough to become
an icono
Heblurred
z
the distinction between playing a
part and baring a soul
3
. He personilied
embattled masculinity. I rom loutish
4
Stanley
Kowalski in "A Streetcar Named Desire" to
la:led boxer Terry Malloy in "On the
Waterfront" to that ultimate authoritarian,
Vito Corleore, in "The Godlather."
BEFORE BRANDO WAS BRANDO,
HE WAS "BUD"
Marlon Brando J r.was born April 3, 1924, in
Omaha, USA, the onl~son born to a mother
who was stage-struck
5
and a lather who was
a chemical salesman. Both were alcohollcs.
Brando ran away from home 50 frequently that
his father dispatched him to military 5chool.
Prank
6
after prank, he finally 5ucceeded in being
expelled in 1943.
His mother, Dorothy, was lounder 01 the Omaha
Community Playhouse, to which she recruited the
teenage Henry Fonda.
Brando ran away I rom home so I requently that hs
lather dispatched him to military schoo!. Prank
6
alter
prank, he linally succeededin being expelled in 1943.
With a bum
7
knee that exempted him lrom military
service, he joined his sister in New York, where he
attended drama workshops at the New School lor
Social Research. He studied under Stella Adler, one 01
the gurus 01 the "method" style 01 sense memory
rehearsing
8
and acting pioneered by Konstantin
Stanislavsky.
A year alter he arrived the BigApple, Brando made h,s
Broadway debut as the 15-year-old son 01Norvvegian
immigrants in "1Remember Mama." But h,s big break
came when EliaKazancast him as Stanleyin the stage
version 01 "A Streetcar Named Desire" in 1947. The
ador's torn-T-shirt image in both stage and screenpro-
ductions 01that TennesseeWilliams' playwon an indeli-
bleo place in pop culture pantheons. A star 'Nas born.
A FAMI LY TRAGEDY
The most headlined as:ed 01Brando's life was one of
stark'D personal traged~. I n 1990 the ador's oldest son,
Christian, shot and killed Dag Drollett, the lover of his
half-sister Cheyenne. f-e was sentenced to 10 years
imprisonment. A year prior to Christian's release,
Cheyenne hanged hersel!.
His last months were sadones: Hewas diagnosed with
hea'1problems, and a biography reported that his son's
murder triallelt him brcke.
Heneverwore the stardom" easily.Thelonger he lived,
the more indifferent he seemed towards ading. "A
mo"ie star is nothing important," he told The Times.
"Freud, Gandhi, Marx: !hese people are important." AE
THE ENIGMATIC. UNPREOICTABLE. RASPY.VOICE01 MARLON BRANOO CHANGED AMERICAN
ACTING WITH HIS METHOO PERFORMANCES. INFLUENCING GENERATIONS OF ACTORS WHO
FOLLOWED HIM. "HE GAVE US OUR FREEDOM". J ACK NICHOLSON SAlO SIMPLY.
II~PFR tNT RMED .TE
D ~C' D 27
1 raspy.voiced: of apenon whosc voicc is unpleasancly harsh, rough
or grating in .mund 1 2 blur{red): ro nl.lkc rhe diffcrcncc bcrwcen rwo
things less clear, 01ro mal;e it difficult ro sce rhe exacr rruth abour
somcrhing I 3 bare{ing) a soul: to cxpose ~'ou: soul to view by
rcmoving mml" covering. The cxpressinn ro hare YOllrhcartl.mlll rneallS
to cornmllnicate rOllr ,~("crctthoughrs a~d fC'Clings1 4 loutish: ill-
mannercd and coarse and conremptiblc ln behavior or aprearance 1 5
stage.struck: having a passionare loveof the thcane and wishing to
become an acror/acHess. 1 6 prank: apractical joke or rnischievolls act;
a trick rhar is intended ro be arnllsing bur not to cause harm or damagc
[ 7 bum: affcetcd or J isahled hy darnagc or injury I 8
rehearse(ing): ro pracrice :SOllll'lhing, such as Illu.sicor aspeech), in
order ro prepare fot a public pafotmance 1 9 indelible: inddible
memories or acrions are iml'0ssible ro f('rgel, or Il<l\'C a perrnancnr
inf111C'nce[lr eff,"CI I 10 stark: cnmplcrc or extrClnt' [ 11 wear
(wore) the stardom: ro J e.'31.. irh and acccpr rhe Stllll.~ur plIsidnn
of asrar
_~I
28
dr i v er fitness
1761bs.
(80 kg)
Pedal forces
I
1
Heat up to 1 40
F (60 C)
.~.........- .., ..
1 contend: to st:uggle ro dea. wirh (a difficuhy) I 2 steering
forces: rhe forces used to control the irecrion of a.. ehicle I 4bra-
ki ng for ces: the forces uscd tJ make a vehide go slowc or stOp.
using its brakc I 4 cor ner i ng for ces: [he forces used ro move a
vehicle around acurve I 5 physical strain: excessivephrsica1 [cn-
sion or eron whch may result in injuries I 6 hear t r ate: the rateat
which :he heart bem; usuall)' measured to oblatn aquick evaluarlon of
a person's health 11 r owi ng: aspart which consim in propclling a
boar by means of aars or a type c,f exercise involvillg rhe same mavc.
rncnts 18 i ntake: the amouot of apanicular subslancc which iscaten
or drunk during aparticular time
VOCABULARY
\
J
The stress placed on drivers in Formula One
racing is extreme. During a race the body has to
contend, with a cumulative force of 88, 290 lbs.
(40, 000 kg), which influences heart rate, rain
and muscle function.
(- /--- -
Var i ou s load~83IbS.
F ,. - ===~_(3~.5 kg)
Ina car BraKing
(Maximum figures)
F1 dr i v er ' s
tr ai ni ng
Exer ci se
Cardiovascular exercise up to
four hours aday
Train neck muscles with elastic
bands, rowing
7
, weight lifting
LEVELS: ,
Lossof fluid 0.8-1.1
gal. (3-4 1) _ _ _ -
@2007MCT
Source: Allianz Fl,
www.fltechnical.net
Graphic: J utta Scheibe,
Morten Lyhne
I
- -
I .. ,/
f ... .
, - , . -
.....~.._ . - - - _. - _ .
@) .,.
. .....
~~ ...
" . . . .
",
"
" " '"
".
Head
Mental stress
Intense concentration
Physical strain
5
Increased adrenalin output
Neck
Head plus helmet weighs 13lbs. (6kg)
Up to four g-force
Mo s t s t r es s ed m u s cl es
.Shoulder
Cervical and neck muscles
Backmuscles
Arms
Hear t
Resting heart rate
6
40
beats per minute
Heart rate during race
198beats per minute
Ment al heal t h
Special breathing techniques
Distraction blocking techniques
Mind control exercises
Diet
High carbohydrate intake
B
Lots of water to
prevent dehydration
30
A REMBRANDT SELF-GUIDED WALKING
TOUR OF A CITY WHERE ONLY BIKERS
IGNORE THE RED LIGHTS.
EMBRANDT WAS AN AKnsT, A TRUE
genius wr.ose gifr cominues to
enlighlen and inttigue us 400
years after his bierh. He also was, ar rimes, a lom1, a
drunkald, a skinflint
2
, an unlailhfu! husband (who
falheled
3
a daughlet oUl of wedlock
4
), a pornograph-
ce and a nororiously baJ businessm3n.The J ife and
lifestyle of lhis city's favorite adopled son mal' not
entircly paraUd lhe ongoing reality of Amslerdam, but
it's sure clase enough.
For no greal European city, and you know who lhey
are, putS hedonic excess and wcll-worn charm in such
proximiry. and wirh such unrtstraincd and unapolo-
geric
S
joyo"Biggesr rourisr anraction in Amsterdam,"
declared a hotel concierge bubbling wilh pride6, He
was nor talking abom Rembrandt. He was lalking
aboul whores and dope
7
, "When you get home, they'U
always ask you, Did you go lO the 'cofTeeshop'? Did
you go ro the Red Light Disrrict?"
"If Y Oil haven'( seen [hem, you haven'[ seen
Amsterdam."
I By Am Solomon
Afler our brief com.ersation, I dodged bicycles,
ignored imoxicam smog and merely glanced instinc-
livdy at lhe professionals behind lhe glass and found a
dreamy dinner at an ourside lable along apicture-book
canal...
Were slarting al Rembrandt's house, a short, bike-
resistant [[3m cicle fraIn city center. Like mase
Amslerdam buildings orher lhan lhose buill lasl
Tuesday, the house is predominandt dark brick and
with litde adornment. As a house, il was a big one for
rs time. Ano expensive to maimain. Rembrandr even-
tually had lO seU the place lO keep food and genever
(Dutch gin) on lhe table, bm il's been reslOred lOwhat
it was when he was doing great work, and peddlingS
sclf-ponraits lO his fans for loose guilders .
On its interior walis. (hefe are examples of his paim-
ings and rhose of conremporaries and reachers, indud-
ing Pieter Lasrman. More enlightening is a generous
sampling of Rembrandr's etchings'O, along with expla-
narions of rhe process, which is more fascinating rhan
VOCABULARY. .
1lout: ayoung man \",hobehaves ina\'ery ruJ e. offensive anJ somerimcs violent war 12 skinflint: aperson . ho is unwilling to spcnd moncy 13
father(ed): ro hccome rhe falhcr of a,hilJ hymaking awoman prcgnant 14 out 01wedlock: (olJ u~) nO[ marrieJ . oU[siJ e the matrimuny 15
unapologetic: unwiUing 10 make or e:pres,\ an apology 16bubbling with pride: spe.1kingeffervcsccnt!y and fuUof pridc 17 dope: canna~
bis. ur, lllore generally. an}' Iypeof illegal dlUg18 peddle(ing): to sdl things fm.i l"'illg, cspcdally by taking Ihcm to diffcrent pl.1cCS19 guilder(s):
dl: hasic monctJ .r)' unir of rhe NClhcrlJ .nds. {.quallo 100ccnts ur (historicall}'l agold or sil~.crcoin formcrly used in the Nethcrlrods. Gcrman)., 3.ndAuwia
110etching(s): picturc pruJ uceJ byp.-iming fromametal piafe whieh 1m heen c[cheJ wirh .cid
)'ou'd think. This galler)' char.ges periodicall)', bUl it's alwa)'s
etehings and alwa)'s RembrandL Hint: To reall)' appreeiate the
eteher)', bring a magnifying gla.;s. People do thar.
We also get a Inok at his sludio ,nd his colleetion of props", the
lIolsam 12of illumalion: shells, bum and o,her objeels, as well
as fellow anists' drawings and prints. Leaving the house with our
posrcards tucked, we pass 3:1d inspect more remnants of
Rembrandt's rime: the Zuiderkerk, rhe ehureh whose grave)'atd
holds rhe remains of rhree of Rembrandr' s ehildren; the
Trippenhaus, a vaniry house built around 1660 by merehant
brorhers, later amuseum; Nieuwmarkt, astill-lively marketplaee
(Wilh some treasures, ma)'be, among rhe junk sunglasses); and
rhe Waag, a ehareaulike
13
building alread)' old in Rembrandr's
time, home then to local guilds and ro a surgical theater por-
Touritst and entertainers fine D~mSquare. site of the Royal
Palace. in Amste,dam.
VOCABULARV
r,ayed in one of the anist' s breakthrough 14
painrings.
Whieh leads us, inevitabl)', ro the Red Lighr
Dimict. Most of the red lights and the pro-
fcssionals heneath them are 00 narrow.
mono)' sidc-strects, but [here arc saIne
bloeks with coneentrations of bright
signage
1S
signaling bars. "coffee (smoke)
shop" and purn shops. The bars offer whal
bar~oOer, (hc: smokc shops offer more tlUI1
Marlboros, and the porn shops are not all
(har much dfleTent frorn Y Olle OWIl neigh-
borhood pom shop, except that here people
bring ,heir dates inside, which adds audible
giggles
'6
, some hom the girls. On Sarurday
night.s, rhese liberated streets are packed with
pcople, many staggering under various nAll-
enees and orhers just taking in the seene.
This morning, ir being Sunday, rhe meer;,
mostiy desemd, smelllike beer and urine.
___________r,_ _ _
W here lo go...
STAY ING THERE:
There are roughl,' 27 jillion171lotels scattered about
Amsterdam, wnue in midsummer it seems half the
population is wlking around with a map, Many --including
backpacker lodgi1gs and some 1amlliar chains-- are within
a few blocks 011t1eC entral Train S tation, which is also base
camp for the ci!'j's tram syslem,
DINING THERE
J ust to give you ~nidea: Opting for simpier far:1 in the
summer heat, I celighted In the rogvleugel (salmon
trout 18) at C afe V a n Zuylen on an outside tabie (shaded by
al umbrella) on !he S ingel canal. The S panjer & Van Twist
C afe, on a side-canal, arranged a delicious sandwich
featuring Hollandse geltenkass l1et rabarberjam (Dutch
g:>at cheese wilh rhubalb 19jam, on loaded-with-seeds
d,nk bread),
INFORMATION
Amsleldam Tourism dnd C onvention Board:
www.arnsterdarntourist.nl.
F or all 01 the Ne:herlands: E .miil the Netherlands Board 0 1
Tourism & (onvfntions al infofmation@ hollanicom, or
che<k the Web site: www.holfand.com.
11 props: an itemplaccd on astage (O crcateasccneOf scenario in which acturs !,erforfll aplay inatheJ lrc af motion picrure. Usually [heterm "pro:;s"
isrcscrved for ohjects with which an acwr interacts kg. aglaS!i,a book or a wearon) I 12 flotsam: picce-sof broken wood and othe-r waste mate-rials
found on the bC'J .ehor t1oatir.gon the seaor anything or anyone that isunwantcd or worthless 113 ehateaulike: Iikc alargc house or castle in Franee
I 14 breakthrough: asuddcn advanccespedally in knowledge or techniquc or ,1 person's firsr notable succ~ss115 signage: signs col1enive!y, espc-
cially comme-rcial or public display signs 116 giggle(s): a nervom or silly bugh 117 jillion: (informal) a numbcr or amount too peat to speci~f I
18 salmon trout: a sea[mur or mherfish resembling a small salman 119 rhubarb: a plam which h;u;long sour-tasting red and grecn stcms tb[
can becooked and caten ;u;afmit
MOVING RIGHT ALONG ...
Dam Square, wim irshOlels,confluence of lram lines
and rhe Royal Palace, isme hearl of lhe old ciry. LoIS
of young folksj~sr hang OUl20here, and you can usu-
ally grab a quick hOI dog off one of me slands. The
Nieuwe Kerk (as opposed 10 me Oude one) is here.
and nieuwe
21
as il is, it's slill oude enough (c. 1400)
10 havebeen sileofRembrandl's wedding.
Then wediscover me Spui, asweel linle square, and
me srreelS leading imo il, which IOgemer provide
Paris-srylecafes, reslauranls of various ilks2
2
(includ-
ing me celebraled d'Vijff Vlieghen), bookslOres and
benches at which rogather andstareat me peoplesip-
ping
23
at me Paris-srylecafes.
And if that's not enough. theactual paiming isin me
Rijksmuseum, which, if you're agood walker, iswilh-.
inwalking tlistanceof thestames, and worth thewalk.
Because just when you're slarting 10 lhink you're
Rembrandted out
24
, me Van Gogh Museum is righl
down lhepam. Painlngs lhat makeyoucry. And tight
oUlSideme door of the Van Gogh Museum: me tram
10 lhe Red Light Dislricr. What aciry this is!AE
VOCABULARY
20 hang out: (slang) ro s~nd time doing nothing in particular in a Ut.
!>inpl.ce121nleuwe: (fromDutch) n<w122 IIk(s): (maWydisap-
proving)p",lcul" typ<1 23 slpp(lng): rodn"k, tak1ngnnly. vuy
unaUamount ar a time I 24 Rembrandted out: dmi of &mbrandt
1ILamps signal placeschar practice meoldesl
profession in me Red Light Dislricr in
Amsterdam.
(PRACTICED) .
3I "Biggest tourist auracrion in Amsterdam,"
declared ahotel conciergebubbling wim pride.
(PROUDLY) , .
5 IThis morning, ir being Sunday, me srreels,
mosrly deserted, smelllike beer and urine.
(GIVEN) .
Music Review
THE POLleE
want rack magic
srark!y rcvcals a modern scene mat can'r
matchsuch wide-sca1eexeiremem. For yean
we'd heard of me Iingering
13
animosiry14
among Sring, Srewarr Copeland and Andy
Sumn:ers. The lhree had seemed imem on
srickir.g (O their guns, letting hismry be
histo;' after the breakup mar made me
Polieeone of mase pop-<:ulturerarities: ao
aer rhH wem out on topo And that gers
right 10 thar dim danger lurking
15
al rhe
core of rhe rock reunion: screwing up the
legacy. The trio' s defiance in me faee af
what had surely been tremendous tempta-
tion -financial and orherwise- isone teason
the b;md's credibity held up strong over
rime. Hining rhe road mearu taking mar
reputadon Out foea spin
16
, too.
More than two decades after the
band bowed out
17
at the height of its
fame. they decided to gather
together.
Rock reunioos have becornc rollicking
1
business, Thc 19905wecethe deeade thar
curned rock nostalgia imo an indusuy.
wirh hell.fr07.e-over
l
reuniaos of bands
ranging from rhe Eagles (O Kiss. Even the
surviving Beades gOl lOgether to make
Olusic.
In an age of cmertainment~on.demand,
sl101moning old favorircs hack ioro anioo
has become jusr anorher puhlie expaccta-
tion. One thiog iscertain: lhc band's re3p-
pearance mcans ""c'te running out of untap-
red blockbusrcr comcbacks'.
Bcyond rhePalice. major reunion projCCt5 -
SUdl as H..ageAgainsr che Mad1ine, Gcncsis,
Smashing Pumpkins ami rhe Sroogcs- are
011 rhe way.
The ancnJ anr hypc10 foc such comeback
blio-cs" could be chalked up12 35 another
sign of conremporary rock troubk.J times.
Surc, a Policenr Van Halen reunion would
h;lVe bL'Cn big llews a[ any poim [he paM
[\\10 dc:cades. Bur in 2007, thde likelyJ omi-
nation of [he pop-music conversation
34
1 insouciant casually unconcerned. rda,;.:J and happy. without worr)' or guilt 12 zesty: markcd by spiri[cCcnjoymellt 13 halcyon days: 3\'er)'
happy or sllccesdiJ l pcriotl in Ihep<lSI14 frenzy: uncomrollcd and cxctl:d beha\'ior or emolion, which issometimes violent 15 bromide(s): (formal) a
rcm.lrk or SlatCmct1twhkb, ahbough il mig!lI he true, ishuring and mcaninglcss hccame it has bttn saiJ somany :mesbefore 16 kaballa: Kabbalah lite-
I'3lJ ymeans "rccciving" and il shclJ aUlhoriluive: by most OrlhoJ oJ : J C'WS. According :0 ilSadherenrs. imimare: undcfSt3l'Idingand rnastery of the Kabbalah
brings mm spirirually doser ro Cad and a.I a ~1J 1t humanity o.n be empowcred with higher insight into me nncr-workings of God's ctta[ion I7
rollicking: (esp. uf an cxpe:ricnceUf stOl')')happcning with a lot of fol.\tanioo .andgood humor and ofien noisc 18 hell-froze-oyer. (idiom) If you S3)"
thal sOnlelhing will happen when hell fret""LCS over, )'011 mean that it will ncver hapren. So. a hell-froz.e-ovcr reunion would beone which was a1most impos-
sibIl"[Orakeplace, bul J id 19 comeback(s): 3.lOlIccessfUl 3.1te:mplroget power, imponana: or fameagan after a ?Criodofhaving lost it 110hype: .somc-
thing th;l[ isClJ lltinuallyd\'crli...c'danJ di.\l:."1.1<M'.J in l1ewSrMpers, on tcb'ilOion, cte. in lmier ro attrao cveryone's blerest I11 blitz(es): a 101of energetic
activity 112chalk up: (informal) rt'Coroa scureor victol"}'113lingering: Ia.ning a 10llglime I14 animosity: strong dislike. opposition or mger I
15J urking: lhreatening. ahotll tOattack 1 16to take out for a spin: (or Utospin somcthing out") to mlke somethng such as an aaivity 01"stor}'
lasr longer Ihan lL~ualor 1lI.."CCSSary, Uf aslong 2." poS!>ible116 bow(ed) out: (idiomatic) ro resign, or !cave. with OOC'$ acdibility still nuo..
B OB MA RL EY' S
Oldest son is on a
DIFFERENT
MI5510N
Marley ,ay' hi, >lruggle i, 'pi ritual, unli-
ke the phy,ical 'triving embodied inthe
protest anthem,' that gave hope to the
downtrodden
2
and made an internatio-
nal superslar 01his late lather, who died
in 1981.
.That generation that had that light
made a good light," ,ays the ,inger'
,ongwriter and keyboardi,t, who as a
child olten ,ang and danced with hi,
father on slage. "8ut that time lor ~hy,i-
cal ,truggle i, now changing into a .piri-
tual ,truggle. That i, where I am. The
solution lor mankind i, 01a 'pi ritual
nature. I t i, not a political or religio",
solution. I t's the ability to love each
other. That's the only solution I soo.'
Marley says his beliels really began to
change during the recording 01 1999's
.Spirit 01 Music," his linal di" with the
Melody Makers, the three-time Grammy-
winning group.
But the soods 01change were sown a
f ew y ear s ear l i er d u r i n g a c o n v er s at i o n
with Alpha 810ndy,an Alro-reggae musi-
dan I rom the I vory Coast and a staunch3
supporter 01Alrican unity.
"We were talking about changes in
Alrica. We were a,king, 'I s it possible lor
you to change millions 01people on the
p h y s i c al l ev el 7 Or i s t h e miss ion m OTe t o
sing music so people ca. look into them-
selves), I was about changing things, but
thing' weren't changing, not at the rate
they should,
ZIGGY MARlEY, ElDEST SON
OF REGGAE'S MOST
TRANSCENDENT FIGURE,
BOB MARlEY, FEElS THE
SOlUTION OF MANKIND IS
OF A SPIRITUAl NATURE AS
REFlECTED ON HIS CD.
"LOVE IS MY RElIGION."
Marley says that he tried ,olving the
physical struggle in J amaica by giving
money and material goods to people. But
that did not solve !he problems,
Eventually, he came to the conelusion
that "using political tools to change
sodal conditions won't work. I t's spiri-
tual conditions that need changing. I t's
what's inside 01people that counls. "
VOCABUlARY
--- - -
1 anthem(s): a song which has spedal imponance foc a particular group of people, ao organization oc a country 12 downtrodden: bad1y and
unfaidy treated 13 s t au n c h : always laya! in supporting a person, organizarion oc ser of beliefs oc apioian; 14 c o n ju r e(s ) u p : evoke oc caH form,
wich oc as i f by magic I S bendlr drums: (a1so Cl.lIed erbeni oc arbani) a &<lme drurn ~ as a traclit:onal instrument throughouc North Africa,
more spttiflcaJly in Morocoo.16 tehardant (Iute): a musical insrrumentwhkh has a body wirh a round back and a fin top, a long ne:ck and sttings
whkh :m: playt"d wit.h lhe: flngers
36
lV/lisie Review I (1 'I I IJ ( I1 11 LEVELS IJ r'l 11' IIJ I1 '-:1-'1 PI,\II I \11//,/.,)( 11)
PATTI SMITH still doesn't
change horses midstream'
"1 WAS DEEPLY OPPOSfD ro rr," SMIT1i
admits. "lstill don't bdieve in rock .n' roll
awards. 1would nO[ accepr one roro MTV
oc something. That's kinda disgusting to
me. But 1 rry {Q understand che meaning
mar this (Hall) has foc people. It means a
grear deal to che induetees, and 1accepr ir
in mar spirit. Ir's an honor."
In her case, chehonor salutes a legacy :hat
began 32 years ago with "Horses," ao
album recogniz.cd 00impacr as a seminal
work
2
in [he evoludon of punk. poerryand
women in music. From irs iconic caver
phOfO to [he music's mix of feverish verse
and bace-banes], ir esrablisheJ Smith as
boch a beacon of boho cool
4
and a .,ew
kind of pop star.
Tweh-e, her "nev/' piece of work, is ao
(bum thar finds her covering a dozeo das.
sic rock touchstones
5
, From Hendrix's Are
You Experienced? to me Stones' Gimme
Shdrer, it flips through rock's back plges
wirh arare sensc of rumination', Ir iSIan
artempt lO Xeroxor compere with, rhe rack
canon. It's a way ro reconsider songs Ihar
have bound many of US,and ro highlight
sorne rcasans those conneetions have pro-
ven so durable.
"1waIHoo to cmphasizc rhe Iyries.The few
people I... e played the record for have a11
said they feh they were hcaring [he words
for rhe first time,"
But Smi[h secms naivc abollt the marketing
morivatian behind a covers album in this
dayand agc. Latcly.labcls ha\'c becn aggrcs-
sivdy encouraging oldcr arti.~tsto cut rhese
kinds of recorJ s as the only way to get
anemion in a yourh-driven market.
Patti Smith and her band play the
Skyline stage at Navy Pier in Chicago.
lIIinois. in J une 2004. Musician55uch
as Smith are following a new kind of
career trajeetory: Early success.
followed by a voluntary hiatus in
favor of home and family. then a
return to the fierce demands of arto
1 change horses rnidstrearn: (fiurr,[h~pro,'~rb "Don', changc hono; in mid5[rcam~) Don't changc your loder Of OUfbasic pasion when pan-
v. ' 3 . y chrough a e.trnpaign Of aplOjea I2seminal work: awork flOmwhich other v.'Orksgrow. Th~[cnnusuilly reftn to an intdlectual or artlstic achie-
vem~nl who~ id~ and [cchniques ha,,~be:n adop[~ or ro;ponded 10in lata works by oth~f pcople, cim~r in the .wn~f1dd oc in me general cultu~ I 3
bare-bones: naving Ih~mos[ rs~ntial ccmponc.nts I4beacon 01 boho cool: a 5Ourc~oflight or inspiration for boho (siang, bohanian) and rool
pcopl~I5touchstones: basic principies for judging quality I6 rurnlnation: refl~lion or meditatlon .Ipon something I7 nag(s) at some--
body: [O cause pain. discornfocl. distro;s, depro;sion ami/oc annoyancc
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E X P A N D I T
Do you have any doubrs abour English? Don'r worry, this
section is whar you've been waiting for! J ust drop us your
que tions ro actualenglish@redusers.com.
Readers
J
QUESTIONS
Wha! 15 the dlfference belween 'beslde' and 'besldes'7
Can 'besdes' and 'except be used as synonyms
7
'Beside' is a preposition meaning
'ar {he side of,' ' b y ' . 'next to'.
Come and sit here beside me.
Our school was built right beside a
riv er.
'Besides' can be used as a prepos;-
don with a similar meaning ro 'as
wcll as', ro add new informarion to
what is already known.
Do you play any orher sports besi-
des foorball and basketball?
Besides literature, we have to srudy
language and sociology.
'Besides' can also be used as a di,-
coucse marker meaning 'also', 'as
well as', 'in any case'. It isotten
used ro add a stronger, more cor.~
dusive argument ro what has gone
before. In this case, 'besides' usually
goes at the beginning of the dause.
1don't like those shoes; besides,
they are too expensive.
She won't mind your being late.
B~ides, it's hardly your F.lUlt
As regards the difTerence between
'beside' an 'except', please consider
a third confusable, 'apart from'.
These three expressions are someti-
mes confused:
>'Besides' usually adds: it is like
saying wirh, or plus:
Besides the violin, he plays me
piano and the Aute.
(He plaY" three instruments)
>'Excepr' subtraces: it is like saying
without, oc minus:
1Iikeall spores except football.
>'Aparr ttom' can be used in both
senses.
Apan ttoml Besides jockey, he
play, rugby and basketball.
1likeall sportS apart from/except
football.
Atter 'no', 'nobody', 'nothing' and
similar negative words, the three
expressions can al1have me same
meaning.
She has noming
besides/exceptlaparr from her
houle. (She only has her house)
What is the bes! way lo sludy phrasal verbs
7
As you may know, there are thousands of phrasal verbs
in English. If you are learning Er.glish in dass, your tea-
cher can only spend a smal! amount of time teaching
you phr.asal verbs, so you muSl spend time at home
learning them for yourself.
Phrasal verbs can be organized in difTerent waY": by
partide, by verb and by topie. T.,e more difTerent ways
you meet these verbs, the more you will learn. But, in
my opinion, words are remembered when they are
meaningful to you and when you can make connec-
tions with real-life situations. Therefore, you should
alwaY" ,tudy them in context (Le. phrasal verb +defi-
nition or synonym +an example in a typica1 siruation):
Phrasal verb
come across
Def i ni t i onl synonym
lo fiodbychaoce
exampl e i n c: ont ext
I was sorting ' .hrou g h sorre papers w hen
I carneaerosslheseoldphOlos.
A phrasal verb isa verb plus one or two partides. Ir is onen possible to undersrand wha, a phrasal verb means by
looking al its partide and, lhollgh it is not always possib!e to find a pattern, thinking abou, [he meaning of rhe
partide will help you understand and temember the phrasa! verbs you mee!. Check [he fc)lIowing example to see
how you can organize YOllf studying:
Part i cl e Meani ng Phrasal verbs Def i ni t i onl synonym Exampl e i n cont ext
UP A n u pw ard movement come up (01!hesuo)lo rise Weleftear!y,jusI aslhesuo
was coming up.
A n ncrease, goup t o ri se, ncrease Saleshavegooeupiolhe
an i mprovement pasl year.
Compleliog, eoding use up use al! of something Weusedupall lheeggswheo
wemadelhecake.
Approachiog drawup (01avehiele)lo comelo A t axi d rew u p j u st as w e w ere
aplaceaodstop lhiokiog01calliogooe,
Anolher piece of advice 1can give
you is thar. whenever YOtI mect a
phrasal verb, Bari ce the noun ir is
used with, This will help you
undersrand and remember rhe verb
mllch betrer, For example:
> barrer clown + the done to get in
> note clown + youe ncw addre.o;s
> ser clown + mnimum standards
of hygiene
> slam down + the phone, looking
very angry
or
The building + bumr down aml all
the contems were destroyed.
The noise + died down and 1was
ah le ro concentrare again.
The sun + bcat down anJ \Ve gOt
very ho!.
Thc rain + pelted down and they
got \Vet.
Remember rhesc:: are jU.'ir suggcs-
. tions and Y0l!, as a learner, need to
fino the most suitabk. mcthod (or
YOll.
I need to translate my CV into English, what conventions should I take mto accounP
Firsr of aII, you should not think of
it as a translarion, bur rarher as a re-
writing. Writing a resume in
English can be ver)' differenr from
doing it in your nativc tongue.
5t ep 1: take notes on YOllf work
experience - paid and unpaid. Wrire
down YOllfresponsibilities, job tide
and company i nf ormat i on. Take
notes 011 your education. Indude
degree or certifica tes, sehool names
and courscs rclcvant to career objce-
tivcs. Take notes 011 other accom-
plishmenrs. such as membership in
organizations, seminars ur cou rSC.' i
you have raken. From rhe nores,
choose ski lis that are similar ta rhe
job you are applying for - these are
th::: most importanr poinrs for your
f C511me.
5tep 2: Begin YOllr resume by wri-
ring YOllr complcte name, aJJress,
telephone numberlfax, cdl-phone
number and email ar the tal' of rhe
pagc.
Step3:Writean objective(ashort
sentence describing the rype of
work you hopeto obtain).
Step 4: Begin work experience
with your most recent joboIndude
thecompany specillcsand your tes-
ponsibilities- focllSon theskillsyou
haveidentifiedastransferable(simi-
lar ro thejob you areapplying forjo
Continue ro liS! all of your work
experience job by job progressing
backwards in time. Remember to
focuson skillsthat aretransferable.
Step 5: Summarize your educa-
tion, induding important facts
(degree rype, specillc courses stu-
died) mat areapplicablero mejob
you areapplying foroIndude other
relevant information such as lan-
guagesspoken, compurer knowled-
ge etc. under the heading:
Addirional Skills
Step 6: Finish with the phrase:
Referencesavailableupon roquest
Your entire resume should ideally
not beany longer than onepage. If
you havehad anumber of yearsof
experiencc specillc ro the job you
areapplying for, rwo pagesarealso
acccptable.
Spacing: ADDRESS (center of
pagein bold) OBJ Ecr!VE double
spaceEXPERIENCE double space
EDUCATION double space
ADDITIONAL SKILLS double
space REFERENCES. Len a1ign
everythingexceptname/address.
Tips:
Use dynamic anion verbs such as:
accomplished, collaborated, encoura-
ged. established, facilitared. founded,
managed. etc.
Do NOT usethesubjecr "1",useten-
ses in (he past, cxcepr for your presem
jobo Example: Conducted routine
inspections of on sirc equipmem.
Structure:
>PERSONAL INFORMATION
>OBJ EcrrvE
>WORK EXPERIENCE
>EDUCATION
>ADDITIONAL SKlLLS
>ACTIVlTIES &INTERESTS
(optional)
You may a1solook for examples of
resur.1eson theweb, but makesure
theycomefromreliablesources.

- - --
L EVlS: ADVANCED I PROFI CI ENCY
ae ear
43
RUE! NEltvous, VERY , VERY DREAD-
fully nervous 1had been and am: bur
why will you sal' rha, I am mad' Tbe
disease had sharpened my senses,
no' destroyed, no' dulled them.
Above all was ,he sense of bea,ing
aeute. I heard all things in ,he heav-
en and in the eanh. 1 heard man)'
things in hell. How ,hen aro I mad?
Hearken'! :\nd observe how heal,h-
ily, how ealmly, 1can tell you the
whol e sr or y.
Ir is impossible ro say ho\\' ftrst rhe idea cntered m)' brain,
bm, once conceivcd, ir haunted me day and night. Objecr
rhere was none. Passion rhece was none. lloved the old
mano He had nevec wronged
2
fl"le. He had never given me
insult. For his gold I had no desire. I think it \Vashis eye!
Y es, il \Vas,his! Onc of his eyes resemblcd tha, of a vul-
r ur el - a paJe blue eye \Vi r h a film over i r . \Vhene\'er ir
fellupon me my blood ran eold, and so by degrees, very
gradually, I made up my mind tO lake lhe lifeof lhe old
man, alld rhus cid mysclf 014 th:: eye for cvcr.
Now this is rhe mint. YOl! fane)' me mad. Madmen
know nothing. Bur )'011 should llave seen me. You
should have seen how wiscly 1 procccded - with whar
camion - wirh what foresighr, wirh whar dissimula-
I By Edgar Afian Poe
don, 1 went to work! 1 was ncver kindcr (O rhe old man
,han during the \Vhole \Veek before I killed him. And
every nigh, abour midnight 1 ,"rned ,he ateh' of his
door and opened il oh. so gentI y! And ,hen, \Vhen I had
made an opening sufficiem for my head, I pur in adark
lantern all c1osed, c10sedso thal no I ight shone ou', and
,hen I thrust6 in my head. Oh, you \Vould have laughed
to see haw cunningly r rhrusr it in! 1 moved ir 510\',:1)',
very, very slowly, so that I migh, not distllrb ,he 'old
man's sleep. Ir took me an hOllf to place my whole head
\Vilhin ,he opening so far lhat I could see him as he lay
upon his bed. Ha! Would a madman have been so wise
as this? And lhen when my head \Vas\Vell in ,he room I
undid the lantern camiously - oh. so cmtiausly -
cautiously (for the hinges ereaked), 1 undid ir just so
mueh thar a single thin ray feJ l upon ,he vullure eye.
And this 1did for seven long nights, every nighl juSI al
midnighl, but 1found lhe eye al\Vaysc1osed, and so i,
\Vasimpossible to do the \Vork, for it was no' the old
man who vexed
7
me but his Evil Eye. And every morn-
ing, \Vhen the day broke, I wem boldly into the eham.
bet and spoke courageously ro him, eaJ ling him by name
in a hearty tone, and 'nquiring ho\V he had passed lhe
night. So you see he ,,"ould have been a very profound
old man, indeed, ro suspect that every night, just at
tweI ve, 1looked in upon him \Vhilehe slept.
Upon the eighth night 1\Vasmore ,han uSllaJ lyeau,ious
VOCAB_ULARY. __ ~ ._. .__ __
1 hear ken: (1it~rary)list~n;uscd mos:ly in [h~imperative 12 wr ong(ed): to [r~at50meon(' in an un:air or unaccep[able way 13 vul tur e: any
of \'ariOU5 large diurnal brd.~of prey h;l.\ing naked hcads and weak daW5 and feeding chiefly on carrion 14 r i d (mysel f) of: (O cause 50meOllC or
something ro he free of an unpleasanr nr harmful [hing or person 1 5 lateh: a deviCt': fm kceping a doo: or ga[e doscd [hat consim of a mNal bar
which flu inro a hale and which is lifted by pushing down on anothcr bar 16 thr ust: ro pu.sh suddcnly rnd srrongly 17 vex(ed): (old-fashioned)
to COlmedifficuhy lO mmeone. or 10 CUl~~somcone lO (('el angry. annoyed or upset
44 Sto tellin THE TELL-TALE HEART :
in opening (he doof. A watch's minute hand
moves mort: quickly than did mine. Nevet before
,ha, night had 1felt the extem of my own powetS,
of my sagaeity. I could seateely comain my feel-
ings of triumph. To think that thete I was open-
ing the door li,de by little, and he not even ro
dream of my seeret deem or ,houghts. 1 fairIy
ehuekled
8
at the idea, and perhaps he heard me,
for he moved on the bed suddenly as if starded'.
Now you may think that l drew baek - but no.
His room was as blaek as piteh with the thiek
darkness (for the shuttels were c10se fastened
through fear of robbers), and so I knew that he
could not see the opening of
the door, and I kept pushing
it on steadily, steadily.
I had my head in, and "'as
aboLIr [Q open (he lantern,
when my thumb slipped
upan the dn fastening, and
the old man sprang up in the
bed, crying out, "Who's
thefe?"
I kept qui,e stiU and said
nothing. For a whole hOL! 1
id nor move a muscle, and
in (he meantime 1 id :lor
hear him lie down. He \VasstiU sitting up in the
bed,listening; jus, as I havedone night after night
hearkening to the dea,h watehes in ,he wall.
Presendy, I heard a sligh, groan'0, and I knew it
was (he groao of mortal terror, Ir was not a groao
of pain oc of grief - oh, no! It was (he low sti-
fled11sound that arises from ,he bottom of the
soul when overeharged wth a\Ve'2. 1 knew the
sound \VeU.Many anight, just at midnight, when
aU the worId slept, it has weUed up from my own
bosom, deepening, wi,h i" dreadful echo, the ter-
rors that distraeted me. 1say I knew it well. 1
knew wha, the old man felt, and pitied him
although I ehuekled at heat!. I knew that he had been
lying awake evet sinee the first slight noise when he had
turned in (he bed. His fears had beeo ever since growing
upon him. He had been trying to fancy them causeless,
but eould noto He had been saying ro himself, "Ir is
nothing bu, the wind in the ehimney, it is only a mouse
crossing (he floor," or, "Iris merely a cricket which has
made a single ehirp13." Yes he has been trying ro eom-
fot! himself with these mppositions; but he had found
aU in v.in. AlL IN VAlN, beeause Death in approaeh-
ing him had stalked'4 wth his blaek shadow before him
and enveloped the vietim. And it was the mournful
influenee of the unpereeived shadow that caused him to
feel, although he neither saw nor
heatd, ro feel the presenee of my
head within (he room.
When I had waited a long time very
patiendy withollt hearing him lie
down, I tesolved ro open a litde -
a very, very Httle crevice15 in (he
lanterno So 1 opened ir - you cao-
not imagine how stealthily, steaIthily
- umil at length a single dim ray
like the thread of ,he spider shot out
from (he crevice and fel! upan (he
vulture eye.
It Wf.S open, wide, wide apen, and 1
grew furious as 1gazed upon it. 1 saw it wich perfect dis-
tincmess - aUaduU blue wi,h ahideous veHover i, that
ehiUed the very marrow in my bones'., bU! 1could see
nothing e1seof the old man's faee or person, for 1had
direeted the rayas if by instinet precisely upon the
damned spot.
And no\V have I nO! tok you ,ha, what you mistake for
madness is bU( over-acuteness of the senses? Now, 1 say,
there carne ro my ears a10\V,duU, quick sound, sueh as
a watch makes when enveloped in canon. 1 knew that
sound weU roo. Ir was the beating of the old man's hean.
It increased my fury as the beating of a drum stimulates
the soldier imo courage.
VOCABULARV . . .._.__ __..... _ .
8 chudd(ed): a soft partIr sllppresscd laugh 1 9 star tled: excired bysllddcn surprisc or alarm and making a quick involuntary movemem 110 gr oan:
an utterancc cxpressing pain Of disapprovall11 stifled: withheld from circuladoll Of expression or suffocated by or as ifby lack of oxygcn 1 1 2 awe: a
fcding of great respecr somerimes mixed wirh fear or surprise 1 1 3 chir p: a shon high sound 1 1 4 stalk(ed): If something unpleasant ~talk.sa place, it
appears [here in a threarening way 1 1 5 aevice: a small narrow crack or space in a Stlrfacc 1 1 6 chilled the ver y mar r ow in my bones: made
me fceI extremely frightenedl made me shivet
1 LEVEL5: AOVAN dEO I PROFICIENCY
45
But even yet 1 teftained and kept still. 1 scareely
bteathed. 1 held the lametn motionless. 1 tried how
steadily [ eould maimain me ray upon the eye.
Meantime the hel!ish17 tattoo of the heart inereased. It
grew quieker and quicker, and louder and louder, every
instant. The old man's terror m use have been extreme! Ir
grew louder, [ say, louder every momem! - do you
mark me well? 1have told you thar 1am nervous: so [
amo And now at rhe dead hour of the night, arnid the
dreadful silenee of that old house, so mange a noise as
(his excited me ro uncontrollahle terror. Yer, for sorne
minutes longer 1tefrained and stood stilI. But the beat-
ing grew louder, louder! 1thought the heart must bum.
And now a oew anxiery seized me
- the sound would be heard by a
neighbour! The old man's hou, had
come! With aloud yel!, [ threw open
.he lametn and leaped ime lhe
room, He shrieked'B once - once
only. [n an instam [ dragged him to
the Ooor, and pul!ed the heav)' bed
over him. 1 then smiled gaily19, to
tlnd the deed so far done. Bet for
many minutes (he heart hcat 011
with a muffied'o sound. This, how-
ever, di d not vex me; ir wauld nO( be
heard rhrough the wal!. Ar length it
eeased. The old man was dead. 1
removed (he hed and examined (he
corpse. Yes, he was stone, stone dead. I plaeed my hand
upon (he heart and he1d ir (hefe many minutes. There
was no pulsarion. He was 5tone dcad. His eye wauld
uauble me no more.
If still you rhink me mad, you will think so no longer
when I describe rhe wise prccautions 1 lOok f oc rhe con-
eealmenr of rhe body. The nigbr waned, and 1worked
hastily, bur in silenee. Firsr "f aH I dismemhered the
corpse. 1 cur off rhe heao ano du: arms and rhe legs.
1rhen took up rhree planks
21
from rhe Oooring of the
ch;lmber, and deposired aH bClwccn rhe scantlings
22
. I
rhen replaced rhe boards so e1everly, so cunningly, rhar
no human eye -nO{ even his -could have derecred any
rhing wrong. There Wl$ norhing to wash out -
no stain of any kind -no blood-spor wharever. 1
had been roo wary fot rhar. A rub had eaught al!
-ha! ha!
When 1had made an end of these aboutS, it was
four o'doek - stil! dark as midnighr. As the bel!
sounded the hour, rhere carne a knoeking at the
street door. 1 went clown ro open it wiro a light
heart, - for what had 1 now ro fear? There
emered three men, who introduced rhemselves,
wirh perfeer suaviry, as ofReers of rhe poliee. A
shriek had been heard by a neighbour during the
nighr; suspieion of foul play had been atoused;
infotmarion had been lodged
at rhe poliee ofRee, and they
(rbe ofReers) had been deput-
ed
23
to search (he premises.
1smiled, - for what had 1ro
fear? [ bade rhe genrlemen
welcome. The shriek, 1said,
was my own in a dream. The
ola man, 1 mentioned, was
absetlt in the COUtltry.1took
m)"visirors aH over the house.
1 bade
24
rhem seateh -
,eareh wel!. [ led rhem, ar
length, ro his ehamber. 1
showed rhcm his treasures,
secure, undisrurhed. In rhe enthusiasm of my
eontldenee, 1broughr ehairs itlto the room, and
dcsired rhem here ro rest fram their fatigues,
while [ myself, in rhe wild audacity of m)' perfeer
rriumph, placed m}' own sear upon rhe ver)' spot
benearh which reposed rhe eorpse of the vicrim.
The "meers were sati,tled. My MANNER had
convinced them. 1 was singularly ;lr ease. They sat
and while [ answered eheerily, they ehatted of
familiar rhings. But, ere" long, 1felt myself get-
ting pale and wished rhem gone. My head aehed,
and I faneied a ringing in my ears; but still rhey
sar, and stHI charred. The ringing became more
distiner : [ ralked more f,eely ro ger rid of the feel-
VOCABULARY . I
17 helli sh: (fmm hdl) ver}"bad or unrlea.~am 118 shri ek(ed): ro produce; short, loud. l:igh cry, suddcnlyaS;lll expression o( a powerrul emOlion I
19 gai ly: bappil}"or brighy 120 muffled: being or madI.'.'iOnerm less loud ur dl.'ar 121 plank(s): a lon@narrowlarpieceofwoodorsimilarmareriaJ,
of I he typc ll.~todlor making floon;1 22 scantli ng(s): , ; rimber beam of snldl1 eross sccrion (23 deputed: scnt 10 spe3k or aet for olben I 24 bade
(p;m lensc ofhid): lO a.o;ksomconc (() Jo ullll.'lhi ng 125 ere: preposilion, coniulletion (litetal' or old use): lxfore
46
--- --
Sto tellin THE HU.TALE HEA~T " LEVEL5: ADVANCED I PROFICIENCY
The FOLLOWINGSENTENCESwere
extracted from the story and
mixed-up. Without going back to
the texto put them back in the
correct order.
aI And every nliJht about mldn'ght I turned che laceh 01his
daor and opened it oh, so genttl
bIAnd observe how healthily, nowealm/y, / can tell you che
whole stcry
e I And then when my head was well in the room / ucdid the
lantern caue/ouslr -- oh. 50cau(ously .. cautiously (for che
hinges creaked). I undid i r just SJ much chat a single tnin (ay
lell upon che vu/ture eye.
dli t is impossible lo say how ((sr the idea entered my brain,
but, once conceived, i r haunted me day and night.
elit was open, wide, wide open, and I grew furious as I gazed
upon it. Isaw i r with perfect distinetness -- al! a dull b.'ue with a
hideous veil over it Chal chilled the very marrow in mybanes
f IHe shrieked once -- once ODil In an instant Idragged him to
che flaor, and pu/led rhe heavy oed over him.
9I A shriek had beeo heard by aneighbor during che night;
suspicion of foul play had been aroused; information had been
fodged at the poliee offiee, and chey (Che offlcers) had been
deputed rosearch the premises.
hI ''Villairs!'' I shrieked, 'disser:ble no more! I admir the deed!
iI My head ached, and I fancied a ringingin my ears; but 5tHI
Chey sal. and stlll ehatted.
j 1I took up three planks from /he flooring of the chamber, and
deposited all between the scantlings.
J[!THc ce; AUDIO ARTICLE & MORE EXERCISES
i ng: but i t cOllli nueJ anJ gai ned detlni dvcli css
- umi l, ar lengrh, I founJ tlur rhe noi sc: "vas
r-.:O T ... vi rhi n rny cars.
No doobt I nmvgrcw VERY pale; bU! 1 [alkcd
more fluenrly. anJ wi rh a hei ghtt'ned voi ee:.
Yer rhe sound i nereascd - and ... ",har CQuld J
do' I r wasA LOW, DULL. QUI CK SOUND
- MUCH SUCH A SOU:"O AS A
WATCH /o,l1.KESWHE~ E:"VELOPED
I N COTrO:'\. I gasped fur brea:h, and )'e[
rhe of11cers hCJnl i r I lOr. [ ralked more qui c.:k-
I y, more veht:mendy bU( rhe noi se steadi ly
i ncreased. 1 aruseami argued about rri flt:s
26
, i n
a high key Jnd \vi rll vi olcl1t gesti cui ari ons; bUI
rhe noi se steaJi ly i ncrc;lsed. \X'hy \X'OUU)
rhey nor begane? l paccd rhetloor ro anJ fro
\vi rh hea',')' sU.des, as ir c,,'xci redro fUf)' by rhe
observaci ons of rhe men, hU( rhe noi se sreac..li -
1)' nereased. o Cod! wha, COULO I do? 1
foamcd
27
- 1 raved - I swore! 1 .sWlI llg lhc
chai r upon whi ch I had lll'en .si tri ng, ami gral-
ed i t upon rhe bO<lfJs, hUi (he noi se arost. over
all and coJlti nual1y i ncn:ased. I r gre\\' louder
- I Olldcr-louder! And sri i l rhemen chatted
pll'J ..;anti y. amI smi ll'd. \Vas i t possi ble rhey
heard nm? Al:ni gh()' Cnd! - no, no~Thl'}'
heard! - rhey SllSPCCll'd! - rhey Kt'E\'(!! -
t1H.'}'\Verc maki ng a llI ockery uf m)' horror! -
rhi s I rhoughe, and (hi s lthi nk. Bur allyrhi ll~
was berrer (han ,hi s agony! Anyrhi ng \vas
more tolc....rablc (han (hi s deri si on
28
! I (ould
bear rhose hn'ocri ti cal smi les no longcr! 1 felr
thar I musr s:n:am ur Ji e~ - anJ no\\' -
agai n - hak! luuJ~r! luuc.i er! louder!
LOUDER'-
"Vi Uai ns!" l sl:ri ekeJ. "di sscmble2
9
no nlOrd I
admi r rhedeed! - tcar L1p [heplanks! - 11(.:'I"l'.
here! - i l i s rhe beari ng uf hi s hi dcOllS
30
hean!"
26 tri fle{s): (tll;nlJ.1l ~ mJ!lcr m i tcm oC lnle: value Uf
i I llPlI :t;lllec 127foam{ed): tu fm{h;u the lllomh e.~lx,~'i ;I Ly
i n .mgcr; broJJly: tu be J.ngr~' 1 28 deri si on: (fUrI lMI )
(ll11tcmplUou.'i lallghler; whl:n "I lllletlllC or ml11dhi ng j~
bught'd at and lUI \i dcrl.J ri di llllou, or uf ~lU";JIu!.' 1 29
di ssemble: to hi de yuur n:JJ i f\1cmi oJ1S and tl:di n;s ur tlll'
fJets 130hi deous: l:ro"Jy utfcm\'c tu dL'\:l'nc)" ll\ m"raJi rl':
..:au.~i nghorror
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F R E E eD. RoM I t also ineludes a (o-R OM with additional teaching

material, which allows readers to test the comprehension lellel they have achieved with !he texts.
T he (O also helps readers improve !heir pronunciation, because it contains !he aT lides in audio tannat