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c
b
x
c
b
+
2
b
.
So basically, the graph of y = a sin (bx + c) is a horizontal shift of the graph
of y = a sin (bx) by
c
b
units. We call
c
b
the phase shift.
2
Guidelines for Graphing y = a sin (bx + c) + d, b > 0
To sketch the graph of y = a sin (bx + c) + d follow these steps.
1. Find the period
2
b
.
2. Find the phase shift
c
b
.
3. Find the points:
c
b
,
2b
c
b
,
b
c
b
,
3
2b
c
b
,
2
b
c
b
.
4. Compute the sine of the angles in step 3.
5. Multiply the numbers in step 4 by a.
6. Add the number d to the values obtained in step 5.
7. Plot the points in Step 6 and connect them with a smooth curve to obtain
one full cycle of the graph.
Example 16.1
Sketch one full cycle of the graph of y = sin x + 1, 0 x 2.
Solution.
Find some plotting points as suggested by the guideline
x 0
2
3
2
2
y 1 0 1 2 1
The graph consists of a reection of the graph of sin x about the x-axis and
then a vertical shift upward by 1 unit as shown in Figure 16.1.
Figure 16.1
Example 16.2
Sketch one full cycle of the graph of the function y = sin (x
4
).
Solution.
Find some plotting points as suggested by the guideline.
3
x
4
3
4
5
4
7
4
9
4
y 0 1 0 -1 0
The graph consists of a horizontal shift of sin x by
4
units to the right as
shown in Figure 16.2.
Figure 16.2
Example 16.3
Sketch one full cycle of the graph of y =
1
2
sin (x
3
).
Solution.
The amplitude is
1
2
, the period is 2, and the phase shift is
3
. Find some
plotting points.
x
3
5
6
4
3
11
6
7
3
y 0
1
2
0 -
1
2
0
Figure 16.3 shows one period of the graph on the interval [
3
,
7
3
].
Figure 16.3
4
Example 16.4
Sketch the graph of y = 3 cos (2x + 4).
Solution.
Find some plotting points.
x -2
7
4
3
2
-
5
4
-1
y -3 0 3 0 -3
The amplitude is 3, the period is
2
b
=
2
2
= 1, and the phase shift is
c
b
= 2.
Figure 16.4 shows two cycles of the graph.
Figure 16.4
5