Fundamentals Level Skills Module

Time allowed
Reading and planning: 15 minutes
Writing: 3 hours
ALL FOUR questions are compulsory and MUST be attempted.
Formulae Sheet, Present Value and Annuity Tables are on
pages 6, 7 and 8.
Do NOT open this paper until instructed by the supervisor.
During reading and planning time only the question paper may
be annotated. You must NOT write in your answer booklet until
instructed by the supervisor.
This question paper must not be removed from the examination hall.
P
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9
Financial Management
Friday 7 June 2013
The Association of Chartered Certified Accountants
ALL FOUR questions are compulsory and MUST be attempted
1 HDW Co is a listed company which plans to meet increased demand for its products by buying new machinery costing
$5 million. The machinery would last for four years, at the end of which it would be replaced. The scrap value of the
machinery is expected to be 5% of the initial cost. Capital allowances would be available on the cost of the machinery
on a 25% reducing balance basis, with a balancing allowance or charge claimed in the final year of operation.
This investment will increase production capacity by 9,000 units per year and all of these units are expected to be
sold as they are produced. Relevant financial information in current price terms is as follows:
Forecast inflation
Selling price $650 per unit 40% per year
Variable cost $250 per unit 55% per year
Incremental fixed costs $250,000 per year 50% per year
In addition to the initial cost of the new machinery, initial investment in working capital of $500,000 will be required.
Investment in working capital will be subject to the general rate of inflation, which is expected to be 47% per year.
HDW Co pays tax on profits at the rate of 20% per year, one year in arrears. The company has a nominal (money
terms) after-tax cost of capital of 12% per year.
Required:
(a) Calculate the net present value of the planned purchase of the new machinery using a nominal (money
terms) approach and comment on its financial acceptability. (14 marks)
(b) Discuss the difference between a nominal (money terms) approach and a real terms approach to calculating
net present value. (5 marks)
(c) Identify TWO financial objectives of a listed company such as HDW Co and discuss how each of these
financial objectives is supported by the planned investment in new machinery. (6 marks)
(25 marks)
2
2 AMH Co wishes to calculate its current cost of capital for use as a discount rate in investment appraisal. The following
financial information relates to AMH Co:
Financial position statement extracts as at 31 December 2012
$000 $000
Equity
Ordinary shares (nominal value 50 cents) 4,000
Reserves 18,000 22,000

Long-term liabilities
4% Preference shares (nominal value $1) 3,000
7% Bonds redeemable after six years 3,000
Long-term bank loan 1,000 7,000

29,000

The ordinary shares of AMH Co have an ex div market value of $470 per share and an ordinary dividend of
363 cents per share has just been paid. Historic dividend payments have been as follows:
Year 2008 2009 2010 2011
Dividends per share (cents) 309 322 336 350
The preference shares of AMH Co are not redeemable and have an ex div market value of 40 cents per share. The
7% bonds are redeemable at a 5% premium to their nominal value of $100 per bond and have an ex interest market
value of $10450 per bond. The bank loan has a variable interest rate that has averaged 4% per year in recent years.
AMH Co pays profit tax at an annual rate of 30% per year.
Required:
(a) Calculate the market value weighted average cost of capital of AMH Co. (12 marks)
(b) Discuss how the capital asset pricing model can be used to calculate a project-specific cost of capital for
AMH Co, referring in your discussion to the key concepts of systematic risk, business risk and financial risk.
(8 marks)
(c) Discuss why the cost of equity is greater than the cost of debt. (5 marks)
(25 marks)
3 [P.T.O.
3 TGA Co, a multinational company, has annual credit sales of $54 million and related cost of sales are $216 million.
Approximately half of all credit sales are exports to a European country, which are invoiced in euros. Financial
information relating to TGA Co is as follows:
$000 $000
Inventory 4734
Trade receivables 1,3315 1,8049

Trade payables 1775

Overdraft 1,3266 1,5041

Net working capital 3008

TGA Co plans to change working capital policy in order to improve its profitability. This policy change will not affect
the current levels of credit sales, cost of sales or net working capital. As a result of the policy change, the following
working capital ratio values are expected:
Inventory days 50 days
Trade receivables days 62 days
Trade payables days 45 days
Other relevant financial information is as follows:
Short-term dollar borrowing rate 5% per year
Short-term dollar deposit rate 4% per year
Assume there are 365 days in each year.
Required:
(a) For the change in working capital policy, calculate the change in the operating cycle, the effect on the current
ratio and the finance cost saving. Comment on your findings. (8 marks)
(b) Discuss the key elements of a trade receivables management policy. (7 marks)
(c) Explain the different types of foreign currency risk faced by a multinational company. (6 marks)
(d) TGA Co expects to receive 500,000 from export sales at the end of three months. A forward rate of 1687
per $1 has been offered by the companys bank and the spot rate is 1675 per $1. TGA Co can borrow short
term in the euro at 9% per year.
Required:
Calculate the dollar income from a forward market hedge and a money market hedge, and indicate which
hedge would be financially preferred by TGA Co. (4 marks)
(25 marks)
4
4 GXG Co is an e-business which designs and sells computer applications (apps) for mobile phones. The company
needs to raise $3,200,000 for research and development and is considering three financing options.
Option 1
GXG Co could suspend dividends for two years, and then pay dividends of 25 cents per share from the end of the
third year, increasing dividends annually by 4% per year in subsequent years. Dividends in recent years have grown
by 3% per year.
Option 2
GXG Co could seek a stock market listing, raising $32 million after issue costs of $100,000 by issuing new shares
to new shareholders at a price of $250 per share.
Option 3
GXG Co could issue $3,200,000 of bonds paying annual interest of 6%, redeemable after ten years at par.
Recent financial information relating to GXG Co is as follows:
$000
Operating profit 3,450
Interest 200

Profit before taxation 3,250

Taxation 650

Profit after taxation 2,600

Dividends 1,600
$000
Ordinary shares (nominal value 50 cents) 5,000
Under options 2 and 3, the funds invested would earn a before-tax return of 18% per year.
The profit tax rate paid by the company is 20% per year.
GXG Co has a cost of equity of 9% per year, which is expected to remain constant.
Required:
(a) Using the dividend valuation model, calculate the value of GXG Co under option 1, and advise whether
option 1 will be acceptable to shareholders. (6 marks)
(b) Calculate the effect on earnings per share of the proposal to raise finance by a stock market listing
(option 2), and comment on the acceptability of the proposal to existing shareholders. (5 marks)
(c) Calculate the effect on earnings per share and interest cover of the proposal to raise finance by issuing new
debt (option 3), and comment on your findings. (5 marks)
(d) Discuss the factors to be considered in choosing between traded bonds, new equity issued via a placing and
venture capital as sources of finance. (9 marks)
(25 marks)
5 [P.T.O.
6
Formulae Sheet
Economic order quantity
MillerOrr Model
The Capital Asset Pricing Model
The asset beta formula
The Growth Model
Gordons growth approximation
The weighted average cost of capital
The Fisher formula
Purchasing power parity and interest rate parity
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7 [P.T.O.
Present Value Table
Present value of 1 i.e. (1 + r)
n
Where r = discount rate
n = number of periods until payment
Discount rate (r)
Periods
(n) 1% 2% 3% 4% 5% 6% 7% 8% 9% 10%
1 0990 0980 0971 0962 0952 0943 0935 0926 0917 0909 1
2 0980 0961 0943 0925 0907 0890 0873 0857 0842 0826 2
3 0971 0942 0915 0889 0864 0840 0816 0794 0772 0751 3
4 0961 0924 0888 0855 0823 0792 0763 0735 0708 0683 4
5 0951 0906 0863 0822 0784 0747 0713 0681 0650 0621 5
6 0942 0888 0837 0790 0746 0705 0666 0630 0596 0564 6
7 0933 0871 0813 0760 0711 0665 0623 0583 0547 0513 7
8 0923 0853 0789 0731 0677 0627 0582 0540 0502 0467 8
9 0914 0837 0766 0703 0645 0592 0544 0500 0460 0424 9
10 0905 0820 0744 0676 0614 0558 0508 0463 0422 0386 10
11 0896 0804 0722 0650 0585 0527 0475 0429 0388 0350 11
12 0887 0788 0701 0625 0557 0497 0444 0397 0356 0319 12
13 0879 0773 0681 0601 0530 0469 0415 0368 0326 0290 13
14 0870 0758 0661 0577 0505 0442 0388 0340 0299 0263 14
15 0861 0743 0642 0555 0481 0417 0362 0315 0275 0239 15
(n) 11% 12% 13% 14% 15% 16% 17% 18% 19% 20%
1 0901 0893 0885 0877 0870 0862 0855 0847 0840 0833 1
2 0812 0797 0783 0769 0756 0743 0731 0718 0706 0694 2
3 0731 0712 0693 0675 0658 0641 0624 0609 0593 0579 3
4 0659 0636 0613 0592 0572 0552 0534 0516 0499 0482 4
5 0593 0567 0543 0519 0497 0476 0456 0437 0419 0402 5
6 0535 0507 0480 0456 0432 0410 0390 0370 0352 0335 6
7 0482 0452 0425 0400 0376 0354 0333 0314 0296 0279 7
8 0434 0404 0376 0351 0327 0305 0285 0266 0249 0233 8
9 0391 0361 0333 0308 0284 0263 0243 0225 0209 0194 9
10 0352 0322 0295 0270 0247 0227 0208 0191 0176 0162 10
11 0317 0287 0261 0237 0215 0195 0178 0162 0148 0135 11
12 0286 0257 0231 0208 0187 0168 0152 0137 0124 0112 12
13 0258 0229 0204 0182 0163 0145 0130 0116 0104 0093 13
14 0232 0205 0181 0160 0141 0125 0111 0099 0088 0078 14
15 0209 0183 0160 0140 0123 0108 0095 0084 0074 0065 15
8
Annuity Table
Present value of an annuity of 1 i.e.
Where r = discount rate
n = number of periods
Discount rate (r)
Periods
(n) 1% 2% 3% 4% 5% 6% 7% 8% 9% 10%
1 0990 0980 0971 0962 0952 0943 0935 0926 0917 0909 1
2 1970 1942 1913 1886 1859 1833 1808 1783 1759 1736 2
3 2941 2884 2829 2775 2723 2673 2624 2577 2531 2487 3
4 3902 3808 3717 3630 3546 3465 3387 3312 3240 3170 4
5 4853 4713 4580 4452 4329 4212 4100 3993 3890 3791 5
6 5795 5601 5417 5242 5076 4917 4767 4623 4486 4355 6
7 6728 6472 6230 6002 5786 5582 5389 5206 5033 4868 7
8 7652 7325 7020 6733 6463 6210 5971 5747 5535 5335 8
9 8566 8162 7786 7435 7108 6802 6515 6247 5995 5759 9
10 9471 8983 8530 8111 7722 7360 7024 6710 6418 6145 10
11 10368 9787 9253 8760 8306 7887 7499 7139 6805 6495 11
12 11255 10575 9954 9385 8863 8384 7943 7536 7161 6814 12
13 12134 11348 10635 9986 9394 8853 8358 7904 7487 7103 13
14 13004 12106 11296 10563 9899 9295 8745 8244 7786 7367 14
15 13865 12849 11938 11118 10380 9712 9108 8559 8061 7606 15
(n) 11% 12% 13% 14% 15% 16% 17% 18% 19% 20%
1 0901 0893 0885 0877 0870 0862 0855 0847 0840 0833 1
2 1713 1690 1668 1647 1626 1605 1585 1566 1547 1528 2
3 2444 2402 2361 2322 2283 2246 2210 2174 2140 2106 3
4 3102 3037 2974 2914 2855 2798 2743 2690 2639 2589 4
5 3696 3605 3517 3433 3352 3274 3199 3127 3058 2991 5
6 4231 4111 3998 3889 3784 3685 3589 3498 3410 3326 6
7 4712 4564 4423 4288 4160 4039 3922 3812 3706 3605 7
8 5146 4968 4799 4639 4487 4344 4207 4078 3954 3837 8
9 5537 5328 5132 4946 4772 4607 4451 4303 4163 4031 9
10 5889 5650 5426 5216 5019 4833 4659 4494 4339 4192 10
11 6207 5938 5687 5453 5234 5029 4836 4656 4486 4327 11
12 6492 6194 5918 5660 5421 5197 4988 4793 4611 4439 12
13 6750 6424 6122 5842 5583 5342 5118 4910 4715 4533 13
14 6982 6628 6302 6002 5724 5468 5229 5008 4802 4611 14
15 7191 6811 6462 6142 5847 5575 5324 5092 4876 4675 15
1 (1 + r)
n

r
End of Question Paper