HIDRAULIC ENERGY

1INTRODUCTION
PASS
The first hydraulic wheel built for Joh !"elto i Northu"berlad #U$%i &''()
*ay years a+o it used to for Gree,s ad ro"as )They used water -ower for +ridi+ +rai or
+ridi+ "aterials.so there are a lot of water"ills coser/eted i the world)
The "ai characterist of idustrial re/olutio were used the eer+y of the water ad -roduce
electricity) The icreasi+ idustriali0atio of orther Euro-e -roduced a bi+ eer+y de"ad
ad it was -ossible tha,s to hydro-ower)
1ith the -ass of the years de/elo-"et eer+y.es-ecially i the i/etio of the electric
+eerator ad the i"-ro/e"et of hydraulic turbies)
I &''& -o-ulatio used for differet -ractical uses
ACTUALITY
It is the usest re"o/able eer+y i the word)The "ai -roducers are Uited stated.Caada ad
chia) 2( 3 of the eer+y cosu"ed i the world co"es fro" hydro-ower i de/elo-i+
coutries rises to 443 ) 5(3 ori+iated i the hydro )
Accordi+ to UNE!C6. &557 ad 2(&( the -roductio of hydro-ower will +row by 87 3
-articularly shar- icrease i the coutries of Lati A"erica . Asia ad Africa) i these re+ios
is used oly 93 of its hydro-ower -otetial. "ore de/elo-ed areas such as Euro-e. is 973 )
is use for the differet idustries)
The ew "echais" are "ore efficietly ad there are so"e differet turbies de-ed the :u"-
of the water;
JU*< HEIGHT TUR=INE
*ore &(( "etres <elto . Tur+o . >racis
=etwee 2( ad &((
"etres
>racis . Crossflow
>ro" 7 ad 2( "etres Crossflow . <ro-eller .
$a-la
Less 7 "etres <ro-eller . $a-la
FUTURE
Hydraulic eer+y will be the -rici-al eer+y i the word)I 2(4( wid eer+y will be the
-rici-al)
I Euro-e . further de/elo-"et will co"e i the area of s"all hydro # -ower -lats with
istalled ca-acity below &( *1 %. es-ecially y the eer+y ad e/iro"etal authorities
because of their low e/iro"etal i"-act)
I !-ai.The Reewable Eer+y <la. which -ro-oses so"e "easures to sol/e the -roble"s
fro" the istallatio ad use of -latsfor reduce e/iro"etal)
2.THEORICALS BASICS
HOW THEY WORK
Hidraulic eer+y uses the fall of the water fro" a deter"iated hei+ht) The -otetial eer+y
duri+ the fall. beco"es ,ietic eer+y) 1he the water fall too hard. it -ass by the turbies
causi+ their "o/e"et ad fially we obtai the electric eer+y by the +eerators)
It?s a atural resource that we ha/e i 0oes with the ecessary @uatity of water) 1he this
water is used. is retured dow ri/er)
TYPES
According w!"r #$"$
>luet Cetral 1ater ;
i -laces where water -ower "ust be used i this "o"et for "o/e the turbies) They
ha/eAt +ot water reser/oir .because de-ed of the seasos of the year
Cetral 1ater reser/oir ;
1ater is fed artificial reser/oirs #da"s % . achie/ed by the costructio of da"s This
water is used o de"ad. throu+h coduits that chaeled ito the turbies)
<u"-i+ statios ;
Accu"ulate flow by -u"-i+ . accu"ulate -otetial eer+y) They ca be of two ty-es .
turbie ad -u"- . turbie or re/ersible )
The -ower +eerator that "a,es -u"-i+ fro" dowstrea" . ca be "ade fro" other
hydraulic. ther"al or uclear -ower )
D"%"nding on !&" &"ig&! o' !&" w!"r'(( or ")i$!ing $(o%"
B Cetral Hi+h <ressure ;
Here those -lats i which the hydraulic :u"- is o/er 2(( "eters hi+h are
icluded ) Located i hi+h "outai areas . ad draw water fro" strea"s . throu+h
-i-es of +reat le+th) <elto . >racis turbies used )
B <lats <ressure *edia ;
Those ha/i+ hydraulic :u"-s fro" 2(( C about 2( "eters) They use flow 2(( "4 D s
-er turbie)
Reser/oirs de-ed of the "idC"outai /alleys )The turbies are >racis ad $a-la.
<elto ad so"eti"es for bi+ :u"-s)
CCetral Low <ressure ;
Its hydraulic :u"-s are less tha 2( "eters) Each "achie is su--lied with a flow rate
that ca eEceed 4(( "4 D s ) The turbies used are $a-la ad es-ecially >racis )
FACILITIES
The -o-ulatio use for basic uses li,e as do"estic uses#heat water.coo,."achies))%.i
idustries because is chea-er tha other .i a/i+atio .heath ad -re/itatio of water)
Their ifractuctures "ust be i hi+ht -laces ear to the ri/ers for use the fall of water to
+eerate eer+y .they are so"e "otorbo"ba for water ca u- i low -laces ad this
water idustries eed s-ecifics "achies that trasfor" -otecial eer+y i ,ietic)
*.AD+ENTA,ES
Hidraulic eer+y ha/e a low cost ad a "ii"u" su--ort
This eer+y do?t e"it -ollutio duri+ their wor,i+
The re+ulatio of the flow of the ri/ers. -er"it the a--licatio of the water
It is a re"o/able eer+y
DoAt carry out)1e ta,e the water of oe -oit ad it retur to iferiority sha-e
It is sure for -erso.ob:ect ad ai"als
Do?t -roduce heat or +ree-eace effect
It has a relatioshi- with the cicle water
-.DESAD+ENTA,ES
Reductio of the biolo+ical di/ersity#difficult e"i+ratio of fish%
Decrease the flow of the ri/ers
Cli"ate cha+e#accelerate the erosio %
Cathostro-is for brea, the reser/oir
The cost of the structure is eE-esi/e because we destroy the coutryside ad "o/e the
-o-ulatio
It has a -roble" with e/a-oratio of the water;there icrease the relati/e wet
cosecuece of the e/a-oratio of the water i the recer/oir
Da+er for the traslatio of -o-ulatio#it is ot healthy%
=rea, reser/oir
..WHERE THEY ARE
Its de/elo-"et eeds buildi+ reser/oirs. da"s. di/ersio chaels ad istallatio of
e@ui-"et for lar+e turbies ad +eerate electricity) All this "eas -ut a lot of *oey #ot
co"-etiti/e i re+ios with chea- coal ad oil% =ut they ha/e a low "aiteace whe they
fuctioi+)They locate i ri/ers.sea ad oceas)Re+ios "iE of rai dro-s ad fa/orable
+eolo+ical da"s terrais
/.IN+IORO0ENT I0PACT
Affect to the -o-ulatio who li/es ear to the ri/er
The "odify of the atural syste" affect to ai"als .ri/ers.forests))
Alteratios of the atural cycle. so do aual s-ecies records are "ade to see losses
ot to da"a+e studies for the least da"a+i+ -ossible locatio are either
The accu"ulatio of water bodies -ro"otes e/a-oratio thereof ad "ay affect the
"icrocli"ate of the surroudi+ area
Reser/oirs -roduce cha+es i the society ad i the ifractuctures)Also affect ehe
hu"as healthy because e"it +asses ad the cli"ate cha+e)
Recer/oirs cause the cha+i+ of e/ioro"et for the -ollutio ad i the society
1.COST
It is /ery i"-ortat fuel of other coutries#-roducers coutry%because -or eEa"-le we
eed "ore eer+y that we -roduce .so we buy so"e eer+y#it is "ore eE-esi/e%It is
oe i/ersio a lo+ ti"e .it is /ery eE-esi/e the istalatios.the turbies .the
facilities.the rest is /ery chea- because oly are -rofits)It is the chea-est eer+y i
futioatio)1e co"-are with all eer+y ;
Eer+y cost
NUCLEAR F((( * EUR6! G GH<
1IND 8(( * EUR6! G GH<
!UN &2(( * EUR6! G GH<
HYDRAULIC 2 * E EUR6! G GH<
TER*ICAL 'A478* EUR6! G GH<
tIDAL &48( EUR6! G GH<
'.0ISCELLANEOUS
The "ai characterists is that is a atural resource#water%)
*ost -owers are i Caada I8(3 ad Uited states
This eer+y trasfor"atio;
<i-es trasfor" the -otecial eer+y of water i ,ietic eer+y
Turbies trasfor" ,ietic eer+y of water i rotary aEi ,ietic eer+y i turbies
Alterator trasfor" rotaric aEis ,ietic eer+y i electric i the alterator
Cetral ca be
Hydraulic "ii;i little ri/ers .use for -o-ulatio.27(C7(((,")<roduce a little
eer+y
*acroChudraulic; i bi+ ri/ers .J7((( ," )<roduce a lot of eer+y
Da"s are a structure that reted the water of the ri/er for"i+ reser/oirs)Ca be;
o Gra/ity reser/oirs;ca be do of a lot of "aterials)They arrested the wei+ht -ush the
water)Their sha-e is tria+le ad for cra,s
o Gra/ity li+hteed;are "ore se+urity ta +ra/ity rece/oirs)Ha/e a elastic circulatio
o !i+le bo/e;their for" is a tria+le)cotrolate the circulatio of water with their
structure
Chaels ca be
C1ATER C6LLECTED;t)Their fuctio is accu"ulate the water ad re+ular eer+y
C>L61ING 1ATER;+eerate -otetial eer+y
I !<AIN is -ossible this eer+y)The bussies ca be -ublicor -ri/ate)De-ed of the rai of
this year./ariatly