What is noise? What is noise cancellation? Simple idea. Wave cancellation. Adaptive Filter Active noise cancellation (ANC). Adaptive filter. Adaptive algorithm (LMS & RMS). ANC and its principles Results Conclusion. What is noise? Fiq(1):AWGN Noise consists of unwanted waveforms that can interfere with communication. sound noise: interferes with your normal hearing Loud noises Subtle noise White noise (AWGN) Noise cancellation is a method to reduce or completely cancel out undesirable sound Special case of optimal filtering which can be applied when some information about the reference noise signal is available Cancellation processes depend on simple principle adding two signals with the same . Amplitude and opposite phase the result will be zero signals. (H) Simple sine wave for single sound frequency One pure sound a fraction of a second after the next Sum of two waves slightly out of phase Sum of two waves slightly out of phase The signal and/or noise characteristics are often nonstationary and the statistical parameters vary with time An adaptive filter has an adaptation algorithm, that is meant to monitor the environment and vary the filter transfer function accordingly Based in the actual signals received, attempts to find the optimum filter design The basic operation now involves two processes : 1. a filtering process, which produces an output signal in response to a given input signal. 2. an adaptation process, which aims to adjust the filter parameters (filter transfer function) to the (possibly time- varying) environment An optimal filter to find out the estimate of noise Compares input signal with reference signal The error reduces with no. of iterations. In order to reduce the Mean square error ,two error reduction techniques are being introduced LMS RMS Taking Expectations of the above we have also assuming S and n are uncorrelated S, n0, n1 and y are statistically stationary and have zero means Adjusts the filter coefficients to minimize the cost function Do not involve matrix operations Requires fewer resources and memory than other algorithms Less complicated and high convergence speed More efficient than RLS The standard LMS algorithm performs the following operations to update the coefficients of an adaptive filter: Calculate the output y(n)= s+n from the adaptive filter. Calculates the error signal e(n) by using the following equation: e(n) = n-n Updates the filter coefficients by using the following equation: where is the step size of the adaptive filter, is the filter coefficients vector, and is the filter input vector. 2 inputs: Primary: s+n and Reference input: n 0 Reference is then passed through filter to get n which is very closed version of n This n is subtracted from s+n to get the desired output Objective is accomplished by feeding the system output back to the adaptive filter and adjusting the filter through an LMS adaptive algorithm to minimize the errors Noise cancellation is a method to cancel out undesirable sound in real time. Advantage of the method are its adaptive capability, its low output noise, and its low signal distortion The adaptive filter is used to estimate the error in noisy wave Many algorithms are used in adaptive filter like LMS & MSE [1] B. Widrow and E. Walach, Adaptive Inverse Control, Prentice-Hall, Inc., S.S.Series, N.J. (1996). [2] S. Haykin, Adaptive Filter Theory, Englewood Cliffs, N.J.:Prentice-Hall, Inc., 3rd Edition (1996). [3] M. Feder, A.V. Oppenheim, E. Weistein, Maximum likelihoodnoise cancellation using the EM algorithm,IEEE Trans. onAcoustics, Speech and Signal Processing, 37 (1989) 04-216. [4] S.A. Billings and C.F. Fung, Recurrent radial basis functionnetwork for adaptive noise cancellation, Neural Networks, 8(1995) 273-290.