Application Notes for Valve Sizing

Sizing examples

Inhalt
Ventilberechnung bei Flssigkeiten
Ventilberechnung bei Wasserdampf
Ventilberechnung bei Gas und Dampf
Ventilberechnung bei Luft
Durchfluss durch Rohrleitungen

Seite
2
5
7
9
11

General information
These application notes provide a simplified procedure for
sizing control valves in standard service conditions.
The data required to size a valve, such as the nominal size,
nominal pressures and KVS coefficient, is contained in the
SAMSON data sheets for self-operated regulators and control
valves.
Self-operated regulators and control valves can be sized
accurately according to the IEC 60534 procedure. For most
applications, however, the following sizing equations
formulated in the VDI/VDE Guideline 2173 provide a sufficient
degree of accuracy.
In order to calculate the valve flow coefficient KV, the operating
data specified in the diagram on the right are required.

p1

p2

H100
H0

t1

.
V W

Typical sizing coefficients

Explanatory notes
Control valves and self-operated regulators
Rated travel The rated travel H100 is the amount of movement of
the valve closure member from the closed position to the designated full open position published by the manufacturer for each
control valve series.
KV The flow coefficient KV is defined as the number of cubic me.
ters per hour (volume flow rate V) of water at 5 to 30 C that will
flow through a control valve at a specified travel H with a differential pressure (Dp = p1 p2) of 1 bar.
KVS The KVS coefficient is the expected flow coefficient KV of the
valve at rated travel H100 indicated and published by the manufacturer for each valve type (series).
KV100 This value is the effective (actual) flow coefficient KV of the
valve at rated travel H100. It must not deviate by more than 10
% from the specified KVS coefficient.

p1
p2
Dp
H

Upstream pressure in bar

Downstream pressure in bar
Differential pressure (p1 p2) across the valve in bar
Travel in mm

V
W
r
r1
t1

Volume flow rate in m/h

Mass flow rate in kg/h
Density (general) in kg/m
Upstream density (for gases and steam) in kg/m
Upstream temperature in C

Self-operated regulators
KVS
Safety factor S =
KV

KVS
KV

Indicated KVS
Calculated KV

For self-operated regulators: S 1.3 to 5

To ensure the proper operation of a self-operated regulator, the
kinematic viscosity n of the medium to be controlled must not
exceed 1 104 m/s = 100 cSt.

All pressures stated are absolute pressures in bar, if not specified

otherwise

Fig. 1 Operating data for determining the KV coefficient

Edition August 2012

Application Notes

AB 04 EN

Liquids
Calculation of the maximum volume flow rate of liquids with different
densities
.
.
rA

VB = VA

rB
1000 Dp
r Dp0

V = KV

Equation (1) generally applies to liquids:

(1)

Diagram 1 shows the relationship between V, KV and Dp for liquids that have
a density of r = 1000 kg/m at a temperature of t = 20 C.

Example 1

Flow rate calculation for a valve

Determine:

Volume flow rate of acetone (m/h) in a fully open

valve
Type 3241-1 Pneumatic Control Valve DN 40
Pressure drop Dp = p1 p2 Density in kg/m for acetone
Calculate according to equation (2):

Known:
Solution:

Symbols and units

p1
Absolute presssure
p2
in bar
Pressure drop (differential pressure) in
Dp
bar
Reference differential pressure of 1 bar
Dp0
according to the definition of K V. It is
omitted in the other calculations to
simplify them.
Density in kg/m
r
.
Flow rate in m/h
V
KV coefficent in m/h
KV
Minimum differential pressure across the
Dpmin
valve in bar
Differential pressure in bar created
DpWirk
at the restriction in the flow path for flow
measurement purposes
KVS
Valve flow coefficient in m/h

KVS =
Dp =
r =
.

1000 Dp
V = KVS
r
.

25 m/h 1)
p1 p2 = 0.5 bar
800 kg/m
1000 0.5
= 19.76 m/h
800

25

1)

The KVS coefficient has a permissible tolerance of

10 % and, as result, the calculated volume

(2)

flow rate V , too .

Example 2

Pressure reducing valve (self-operated regulator) for water

Determine:

Type ... Pressure Reducing Valve, KVS and nominal size

of the valve
Volume flow rate of water Pressure drop Dp
Density r in kg/m for water
Calculate KV coefficient according to equation (3)
derived from equation (1):

Known:
Solution:

KV = V

r
1000 Dp

(3)

After calculating the KV coefficient, select the KVS

coefficient of the valve. As a general rule: KVS 1.3 KV
Solution according to Diagram 1:
KV 8.2 m/h can be read from Diagram 1 for
.
Dp = 2.1 bar and V = 12 m/h.
Flow velocity in the pipe:
The following can be read from Diagram 4 (page 11) for

V =
Dp =
r =

12 m/h
p1 p2 = 2.1 bar
1000 kg/m

KV =

12

1000
= 8.2 m/h
1000 2.1

KVS = 1.3 KV = 1.3 8.2 = 10.7 m/h

Selected: Type 41-23, DN 40, KVS = 20
Determining the safety factor:
KVS 20
=
S =
2.4
KV 8.2

V = 12 m/h and DN 40: wpipe 2.8 m/s

Note:
The flow velocity wpipe must not exceed 2 m/s for HVAC
and district heating applications!

AB 04 EN

m3
h

1000
800

Kv

600
500
400

00

20

00
12 00
10
0
80
0
60 0
50
0
40

300
200

0
30 0
25
0
20
0
16
0
12
0
10
80

100
80
60
50
40

60
50
40
30
25
20
16

30
20

10
8

12
10
8

6
5
4

6
5

4
3.0
2.5
2.0
1.6
1.2
1.0
0.8
0.6
0.5
0.4
0
0.3 5
0.2 0
0.2
6
0.1
2
0.1 0
0.1
8
0.0
6
0.0 5
0.0 4
0.0
30
0.0 25
0.0 20
0.0 6
1
0.0 2
1
.
0 0 10
0.0

1
0.8
0.6
0.5
0.4
0.3
0.2

0.1
0.08
0.06
0.05
0.04
0.03
0.02

p
0.01

10

20

30 40

60 80 100
0.1

200 300 400 600 800 1000

mbar

0.2

0.3 0.4

0.6 0.8 1

8 10

20

30 40

bar

V in m/h
KV in m/h
Dp in bar

V = KV

1000 Dp
r

Diagram 1 Volume flow rate diagram for water r = 1000 kg/m, t = 20 C

AB 04 EN

Liquids
Example 3

Self-operated flow regulator for water

Determine:

Required minimum differential pressure Dp for flow

rate control
Type 42-36 Flow Regulator
Differential pressure at restriction of 0.2 bar
DN 40 KVS 20 Flow rate of water
Calculate according to equation (4) for flow regulators
with incompressible media 1):

Known:
Solution:

. 2
V
Dpmin = Dprestriction +
KVS

KVS
Dprestriction

=
=

20 m/h
0.2 bar

10 m/h water 1)

Dpmin

10 2
0.2 + = 0.45 bar
20

(4)
1)

Contact SAMSON for flow rate control of air,

steam or gases

Dprestriction = 0.2 or 0.5 bar; depending on regulator version

Example 4

Determining the pressure loss with water

Determine:
Known:

Pressure loss Dp = p1 p2 in a fully open valve

Type 4 Temperature Regulator (self-operated) DN 50
.
Volume flow rate V of water
Density r in kg/m for water
Calculate pressure loss according to equation (5) derived
from equation (1):

Solution:

. 2
V
r

Dp =
KVS
1000

KVS =
.

V
r

=
=

Dp =

32 m/h
10 m/h
1000 kg/m
10 2 1000
= 0.097 bar 0.1 bar

1000
32

(5)

Solution according to Diagram 1:

The pressure loss Dp 0.1 bar can be read from Diagram
.
1 for V = 10 m/h and KVS 32

AB 04 EN

Steam
A modified version of equation (9) applies to steam:
W = KV m Z
Z

(6)

The dimensionless compressibility factor Z is defined

as follows: Z = 14.2 p1 r1. Determine Z from Table 2
using the upstream pressure p1 and differentiating
between saturated steam and superheated steam.
Determine the dimensionless head loss coefficient m from
Table 1 or, interpolate values from Diagram 2 using
c = 1.135.

Symbols and units

p1
Absolute pressure
p2
in bar
Pressure loss (differential pressure) in bar
Dp
W
Mass flow rate in kg/h
KV
KV coefficient in m/h
m
Pressure loss coefficient, dimensionless
Z
14.2 p1 r1 , dimensionless

Example 5

Determining the flow rate in a valve

Determine:
Known:

Steam flow rate in kg/h in a fully open valve

Type 3241-2 Electric Control Valve
Steam temperature Upstream and downstream pressures
p2
Calculate
p1

KVS =
t
=
p1 =
p2
=
p1

40 m/h 1)
200 C
4 bar p2 = 3 bar
3
= 0.75
4

Determine m from Table 1 or Diagram 2

Determine Z from Table 2 using the upstream pressure and
temperature

m =
Z =
W =

0.92
38.5
40 0.92 38.5 = 1417 kg/h

Solution:

W = KVS m Z

(6)

Example 6

Steam pressure reducing valve (self-operated)

Determine:

Type ... Pressure Reducing Valve, KVS and nominal size

of the valve
Steam flow rate Steam temperatures Upstream and
downstream pressures
p2
Calculate
p1
Determine m from Table 1 Determine Z from Table 2
using the upstream pressure and temperature
Calculate KV from equation (7):

Known:
Solution:

KV =

W
Z m

Example 7

Determining pressure loss with steam

Determine:
Known:

Pressure loss Dp = p1 p2 in a fully open valve

Type 4 Temperature Regulator
Steam flow rate Steam temperature Upstream pressure
Select compressibility factor Z from Table 2 depending on
pressure and temperature upstream of the valve
m=

W
Z KVS

p2
from diagram 2 for m = 0.701
p1
p2 = 0.89 p1 -> Pressure loss Dp = p1 p2

Find the ratio

AB 04 EN

The KVS coefficient has a tolerance of 10 %,

and, as a result, the calculated steam flow rate W,
too.

W
t
p1
p2
p1

=
=
=

m
Z

=
=

1
71.3
1000
= 14 m/h
713
. 1

KVS =

1.3 KV = 1.3 14 = 18.2 m/h

Selected: Type 39-2, DN 40, KVS = 20

KVS =
W =
t
=
p1 =
Z =
m

(8)

1000 kg/h
corresponds to saturated steam
7 bar p2 = 2 bar
2
= 0.286
7

KV =

(7)

Determine the KVS value of the valve from the following

equation using the calculated KV value. In general: KVS
1.3 KV

Solution:

1)

p2
=
p1
p2 =
Dp =

20 m/h
1000 kg/h
Corresponding to saturated steam
7 bar
71.3
1000
= 0.701
713
. 20
0.89
0.89 7 = 6.23 bar
p1 p2 = 7 6.23 = 0.77 bar

Table 1 Pressure loss coefficient m as a function of p2/p1

Pressure ratio p2/p1
Pressure loss coefficient m

0 to 0.6

0.70

0.75

0.80

0.85

0.90

0.95

0.99

1.0

0.96

0.92

0.86

0.77

0.66

0.48

0.22

Table 2 Compressibility factor Z for steam All pressures stated as absolute pressures in bar
Compressibility factor Z for ...
p1
in bar

Superheated steam at the following temperatures ...

60 C
1.13
2.27

80 C
1.1
2.21

100 C
1.07
2.15

120 C
1.04
2.09

140 C
1.02
2.04

160 C
0.99
1.99

180 C
0.97
1.95

200 C
0.95
1.90

250 C
0.90
1.81

300 C
0.86
1.73

350 C
0.83
1.66

400 C
0.80
1.59

3.31
4.42

3.22
4.29

3.14
4.18

3.06
4.08

2.99
3.98

2.92
3.89

2.86
3.81

2.71
3.62

2.59
3.46

2.49
3.32

2.39
3.19

0.1
0.2

1.16
2.27

0.3
0.4

3.37
4.45

0.5
0.6

5.53
6.58

5.37
6.45

5.23
6.28

5.10
6.12

4.98
5.97

4.86
5.84

4.76
5.72

4.52
5.43

4.33
5.19

4.15
4.98

3.99
4.78

0.7
0.8

7.65
8.71

7.53
8.62

7.33
8.39

7.15
8.17

6.97
7.97

6.82
7.79

6.67
7.63

6.34
7.25

6.06
6.91

5.80
6.64

5.59
6.37

0.9
1.0

9.76
10.8

9.70
10.8

9.44
10.5

9.19
10.2

8.98
9.98

8.77
9.76

8.58
9.53

8.16
9.07

7.90
8.66

7.37
8.30

7.18
7.98

1.1
1.2

11.9
12.9

11.5
12.6

11.3
12.3

11.0
12.0

10.8
11.8

10.5
11.4

10.0
10.9

9.50
10.4

9.10
10.0

8.70
9.60

1.3
1.4

13.9
15.0

13.7
14.7

13.3
14.3

13.0
14.0

12.7
13.7

12.3
13.4

11.8
12.7

11.2
12.1

10.8
11.6

10.4
11.2

1.5
1.6

16.0
17.0

15.8
16.9

15.4
16.4

15.0
16.0

14.7
15.6

14.3
15.3

13.6
14.5

13.0
13.9

12.4
13.3

12.0
12.8

1.7
1.8

18.0
19.1

17.9
19.0

17.5
18.5

17.0
18.0

16.6
17.6

16.3
17.2

15.4
16.4

14.7
15.6

14.1
14.9

13.6
14.4

1.9
2.0

20.1
21.1

20.1
21.1

19.5
20.6

19.0
20.0

18.6
19.6

18.1
19.1

17.3
18.2

16.5
17.3

15.8
16.6

15.2
16.1

2.2
2.4

23.2
25.2

22.6
24.7

22.1
24.1

21.5
23.5

21.0
23.1

20.0
21.8

19.1
20.8

18.3
20.0

17.6
19.2

2.6
2.8

27.2
29.3

26.8
28.9

26.0
28.1

25.5
27.5

24.9
26.8

23.6
25.5

22.6
24.3

21.5
23.2

20.8
22.4

3.0
3.2

31.0
33.4

31.0
33.1

30.2
32.2

29.4
31.4

28.8
30.7

27.3
29.1

26.0
27.8

24.9
26.6

24.0
25.6

3.4
3.6

35.4
37.4

35.2
37.3

34.3
36.3

33.4
35.4

32.6
34.6

31.0
32.8

29.6
31.3

28.2
29.9

27.2
28.9

3.8
4.0

39.4
41.4

38.3
40.4

37.4
39.4

36.5
38.5

34.7
36.5

33.0
35.1

31.6
33.3

30.4
32.0

4.5
5.0

46.4
51.4

45.6
50.8

44.4
49.4

42.8
48.2

41.1
45.7

39.1
43.6

37.3
41.8

36.1
40.0

5.5
6.0

56.4
61.4

56.0
61.2

54.4
59.5

53.0
57.9

50.2
54.9

47.8
52.3

46.7
50.2

44.2
48.2

6.5
7.0

66.3
71.3

64.6
69.7

62.9
67.8

59.4
64.2

56.6
61.1

54.2
58.3

52.2
56.2

8.0
9.0

81.2
91.0

79.9
90.2

77.6
87.7

73.4
82.6

69.8
78.7

67.0
75.0

64.3
72.4

10.0
11.0

101

101

97.9

92.2

87.4

83.2

80.4

111

108

102

96.5

92.1

88.5

12.0

121
130

118
128

111
121

105
114

99.7
109

96.7
105

140
150

139
150

130
139

123
132

118
125

113
121

13.0
14.0
15.0
16.0
17.0

160

149

141

134

129

170

159

150

143

137

18.0
19.0

180
189

169
178

159
168

151
161

146
154

20.0
21.0

199
209

188
198

177
187

168
178

162
170

23.0

229
248

218
238

205
224

195
213

187
203

27.0
29.0

268

258

242

230

216

288

279

261

248

236

31.0
33.0

308
328

300
322

280
299

264
282

253
270

35.0
37.0

348
368

343
365

318
338

301
319

286
304

39.0
41.0

388
408

387

356
376

337
354

320
338

25.0

Saturated
steam

AB 04 EN

Gases and vapors

Symbols and units
p1
Absolute pressure
p2
in bar
Pressure loss (differential pressure) in bar
Dp
W
Mass flow rate in kg/h
KV
KV coefficient in m/h
Density in kg/m
r1

p2
p1
1

c = 1.135

0.9

c = 1.3
c = 1.4

The calculation procedure provides approximate values

meeting practical needs

c = 1.66

0.8

c = 1.66

For monatomic gases such as

helium, argon, krypton
c = 1.4
For diatomic gases such as
hydrogen, nitrogen, air,
chlorine gas, city gas
c = 1.3
For triatomic and multiatomic gases
such as carbon dioxide, propane,
butane, methane, acetylene, ammonia
c = 1.135 For steam

0.7

W = 14.2 KV m p1 r1

The values for m and r1can be found in Diagrams 2

and 3 respectively.

Diagram 2 Pressure loss coefficient m in

p2
as a function of
p1

0.6
0.2

For

0.3

p2
< 0.6 ---> m = 1
p1

0.4

0.5

0.6

0.7

0.8

0.9

1 m

Example 8

Mass flow rate with gas

Determine:
Known:

Propane gas mass flow rate W in kg/h in a fully open valve

Type 3241-1 Pneumatic Control Valve, DN 50
Upstream and downstream pressures
Determine the upstream density r1 from Diagram 3
p2
p2
Calculate
Find m from Diagram 2 for the given
p1
p1
c
=
and
1.3

Solution:

W = 14.2 KVS m p1 r1

Reducing pressure valve (self-operated) for nitrogen

Determine:

Type ... Reducing Pressure Valve, KVS and nominal size

of valve
Nitrogen network Flow rate Upstream and downstream
pressures
p2
Calculate Find m from diagram 2 (c = 1.4) Find r1
p1
from diagram 3 for p1 = 5 bar

Solution:

KV =

W
14.2 m p1 r1

(10)

Example 10

Determining the pressure loss with nitrogen

Determine:
Known:

Pressure loss Dp = p1 p2 in a fully open valve

Type 3241-2 Electric Control Valve, DN 20 Nitrogen
network Nitrogen flow rate Upstream pressure
Find r1 from Diagram 3 for p1 = 5 bar
m=

W
14.2 KVS p1 r1

p
Find the ratio 2 from Diagram 2 with m = 0.791
p1
p2 = 0.815 p1 -> Pressure loss Dp = p1 p2

AB 04 EN

40 m/h 1)
2.7 bar
p2 = 2.2 bar
5 kg/m
2.2
= 0.815
2.7

m = 0.805
W = 14.2 40 0.805 2.7 5 = 1680 kg/h
The KVS coefficient has a tolerance of 10 %,
and, as a result, the calculated mass flow rate W,
too.

p1 =
W =
p2
=
p1

5 bar
230 kg/h
3
= 0.6
5

m =
r1 =

0.97
6.2 kg/m
230
= 3.00 m/h
14.2 0.99 5 6.2

KV =
KVS =

p2 = 3 bar

1.3 KV = 1.3 3.00 = 3.90 m/h

Selected: Type 44-1, G , KVS = 4

Determine KVS coefficient from the calculated KV.

As a rule: KVS 1.3 KV

Solution:

KVS =
p1 =
r1 =
p2
=
p1

1)

(9)

Example 9

Known:

(9)

(11)

KVS =
p1 =
W =
r1 =
m

p2
=
p1
p2 =
Dp =

4 m/h
5 bar
250 kg/h
6.2 kg/m
250
= 0.791
14.2 4 5 6.2
0.815
0.815 5 = 4.08 bar
5 4.08 = 0.92 bar


100
80

kg
m3

60
50
40

30
20
1

10
8
6
5
4

9
10

11

5
6

1
0.8
0.6
0.5
0.4
0.3
0.2

0.1
0.08
0.06
0.05
0.04
0.03
0.02

0.01
0.008
0.006
0.005
0.004
0.003
0.002
p
0.001
0,01

0.02 0.03
0.06
0.1
0.04
0.08

0.2

0.3 0.4

0.6 0.8 1

If the operating temperature t deviates considerably from 0 C,

correct r1 using the equation rt = r1 273
273 + t

1
2
3
4

Chlorine gas
Butane
Propane
Carbon dioxide

5
6
7
8

8 10

Air
Nitrogen
Acetylene
Ammonia

20

30 40

bar

9 Methane
10 City gas
11 Hydrogen

Diagram 3 Density of gases r or r1 as a function of pressure at 0 C

AB 04 EN

Air
The calculation procedure provides approximate values meeting practical
needs. The equation derived for dry air is as follows:
W = 15.3 m KV p1 r1

(12)

Equation (6) can be written as follows:

W = KV m Z

(13)

The value for Z can be obtained from Table 4 using p1. The
value for m can be found in Table 3 (interpolated values
can be determined from Diagram 2 for c = 1.4).
Example 11

Air flow rate

Determine:
Given:

Mass flow rate W in kg/h in a fully open valve

Type 41-23 Self-operated Pressure Regulator, DN 50
Upstream and downstream pressures Temperature
p2
Determine
p1
Determine the value for m from Table 3 or Diagram 2
Determine the value for Z from Table 4 using the upstream
pressure and temperature

Solution:

W = KVS m Z

(13)

Example 12

Pressure reducing valve (self-operated) for air

Determine:

Type ... Pressure Reducing Valve, KVS and nominal size of

valve
Upstream and downstream pressures Temperature
Compressed air as medium
p2
Determine
p1
Determine the value for m from Table 3 or Diagram 2
Determine the value for Z from Table 4 using the upstream
pressure and temperature

Given:
Solution:

KV =

W
Z m

(14)

Determine KVS coefficient from the calculated KV.

As a rule: KVS 1.3 KV
Example 13

Determining the pressure loss with air

Determine:
Given:

Pressure loss Dp = p1 p2 in a fully open valve

Type 42-24 Differential Pressure Regulator, DN 50
Flow rate of compressed air Upstream pressure
Temperature
Determine the value for Z from Table 4 using the upstream
pressure and temperature

Solution:

m=

W
Z KVS

Determine the ratio

(15)
p2
for m = 0.884 from Diagram 2 or
p1

Table 3
p2 = 0.75 p1 -> Pressure loss Dp = p1 p2

AB 04 EN

Symbols and units

p1
Absolute pressure
p2
in bar
Pressure drop (differential pressure) in bar
Dp
W
Mass flow rate in kg/h
KV
KV coefficient in m/h
Density in kg/m
r
m
Pressure loss coefficient, dimensionless
Z
Compressibility factor, dimensionless
Note:
Please contact SAMSON AG to obtain more detailed information on sizing flow regulators for air.

KVS =
t
=
p1 =
p2
=
p1

32 m/h 1)
20 C
4 bar p2 = 3 bar
3
= 0.75
4

m =
Z =
W =

0.884
66
32 0.884 66 = 1867 kg/h

1)

The KVS coefficient has a tolerance of 10 %,

and, as a result, the calculated mass flow rate W,
too.

p1
t
W
p2
p1

=
=
=

m
Z

=
=

5 bar
20 C
190 kg/h
3
= 0.6
5

p2 = 3 bar

0.982
82.60

KV =

190
= 2.34 m/h
0.982 82.60

KVS =

1.3 KV = 1.3 2.34 = 3.04 m/h

Selected: Type 44-1, G , KVS = 3.2

KVS =
W =
t
=
p1 =
Z =
m

p2
=
p1

32 m/h
3270 kg/h
20 C
7 bar
115.6
3270
= 0.884
115.6 32
0.75

p2 =

0.75 7 = 5.25 bar

Dp =

p1 p2 = 7 5.25 = 1.75 bar

Table 3 Pressure loss coefficient m as a function of p2/p1

Pressure ratio p2/p1
Pressure loss coefficient m

0.527

0.60

0.65

0.70

0.75

0.80

0.85

0.90

0.95

0.99

0.982

0.978

0.935

0.884

0.818

0.730

0.623

0.448

0.207

Table 4 Compressibility factor Z for air All pressures stated as absolute pressures in bar
Compressibility factor Z for
Dry air for following temperatures
100 C
150 C

p1
in bar

0 C

20 C

50 C

200 C

250 C

300 C

0.1
0.2

1.71
3.42

1.65
3.30

1.57
3.15

1.47
2.93

1.38
2.77

1.30
2.60

1.24
2.47

1.18
2.31

0.3
0.4

5.13
6.84

4.96
6.61

4.74
6.29

4.39
5.85

4.13
5.50

3.89
5.20

3.71
4.95

3.55
4.72

0.5
0.6

8.55
10.26

8.26
9.90

7.87
9.42

7.32
8.79

6.88
8.24

6.50
7.79

6.18
7.42

5.92
7.09

0.7
0.8

11.97
13.68

11.56
13.22

11.00
12.58

10.22
11.72

9.61
11.00

9.09
10.40

8.64
9.79

8.27
9.45

0.9
1.0

15.40
17.10

14.86
16.50

14.15
15.72

13.18
14.65

12.36
13.75

11.69
13.00

11.12
12.35

10.62
11.81

1.1
1.2

18.83
20.50

18.15
19.80

17.30
18.20

16.07
17.52

15.10
16.50

14.32
15.60

13.60
14.70

13.00
14.12

1.3
1.4

22.10
24.00

21.42
23.10

20.45
22.00

18.25
10.70

17.85
19.25

16.90
18.19

16.09
17.30

15.35
16.55

1.5
1.6

25.65
27.30

24.75
26.40

23.60
25.15

21.68
23.35

20.06
21.95

19.46
20.80

18.55
19.78

17.70
18.88

1.7
1.8

29.10
30.80

28.10
29.70

26.70
28.30

24.80
26.35

23.40
24.75

22.05
23.35

20.90
22.25

20.10
21.20

1.9
2.0

32.25
34.20

30.25
33.00

29.60
31.45

27.55
29.27

26.15
27.70

24.65
25.95

23.50
24.70

22.50
23.10

2.2
2.4

37.65
41.10

36.40
39.60

34.70
37.75

32.20
35.15

30.20
33.30

28.50
31.20

27.20
29.70

25.90
28.35

2.5

42.70

41.40

39.30

36.60

34.40

32.45

30.90

29.50

2.6

44.50

42.60

40.90

38.05

35.75

33.80

32.15

30.70

2.8

47.80

46.20

44.00

41.70

38.45

36.35

34.55

33.10

3.0

51.30

49.55

47.40

43.95

41.25

38.90

37.10

35.45

3.2

54.30

52.40

49.90

46.60

43.90

41.60

39.80

37.70

3.4

58.25

56.20

53.50

49.80

46.70

44.20

42.00

40.10

3.6

62.20

59.60

56.60

52.70

49.40

46.80

44.50

42.60

3.8
4.0

65.00
68.20

62.70
66.00

59.75
62.90

55.60
58.55

51.50
55.00

49.40
52.00

46.90
49.40

44.80
47.20

4.5

77.00

74.40

70.70

65.80

61.80

58.50

55.60

48.50

5.0

86.90

82.60

78.75

73.20

68.75

65.00

61.75

59.20

5.5

94.00

90.90

87.40

80.60

75.60

71.60

68.00

64.90

6.0

102.06

98.90

94.30

87.90

82.40

77.90

74.15

70.90

6.5

111.0

107.2

101.10

95.20

88.40

84.50

80.40

76.80

7.0

119.6

115.6

110.0

102.2

96.90

90.90

86.40

82.70

8.0

136.8

132.2

125.7

117.1

110.0

104.0

97.9

94.5

9.0

162.2

148.6

141.6

131.8

123.6

116.9

111.2

106.2

10.0

171.0

165.0

157.2

146.5

137.5

130.0

123.5

118.1

11.0

188.3

181.5

173.0

160.7

151.0

143.2

136.0

130.0

12.0

205.0

198.0

182.0

175.2

165.0

156.0

147.0

141.0

13.0

221.0

214.2

204.5

182.5

178.5

169.0

160.9

153.5

14.0

240.0

231.0

220.0

197.0

192.5

181.9

173.0

165.5

15.0

256.5

247.5

236.0

216.8

200.6

194.6

185.5

177.0

16.0

273.0

264.0

251.0

253.5

219.5

208.0

197.8

188.8

17.0

291.0

281.0

267.0

248.0

234.0

220.5

209.0

201.0

18.0

308.0

297.0

283.0

263.5

247.5

233.5

222.5

212.0

19.0
20.0

322.5
342.0

302.5
330.0

296.0
314.5

275.6
292.7

261.6
277.0

246.5
259.6

235.0
247.0

225.0
231.0

22.0

376.5

364.0

347.0

322.0

302.0

285.0

272.0

259.0

24.0

411.0

395.0

377.5

351.5

333.0

312.0

297.0

283.5

26.0

445.0

428.0

409.0

380.5

357.5

338.5

321.5

307.0

28.0

478.0

462.0

440.0

417.0

384.5

363.5

345.5

331.0

30.0

513.0

495.5

474.0

439.5

412.5

389.0

371.0

354.5

10

AB 04 EN

Flow rate through pipelines

wmax of self-operated
regulators 1)
wmax of district
heating 1)

Nominal size DN in mm/inch

40
0
3
25 00
20 0
0

m3
h
10000
8000
6000
5000
4000
3000
2000

50

65

80

10

1
12 50
5
0

1000
800
600
500
400
300

20

4
3 0
25 2

200

"

"

15

100
80
60
50
40
30
20
10
8
6
5
4
3
2
1
0.8
0.6
0.5
0.4
0.3
1)

0.2

Only for water

.

Diagram 4 V -w diagram for gases, vapors and liquids

Diagram 4 shows the following relationship:

.

Vpipe = Apipe wpipe

(16)

DN

DN 2
Determining velocity and nominal size with Apipe =

18.8
Velocity w of the medium
18.8 2
wpipe = Vpipe

DN
.

(17)

Nominal size DN

AB 04 EN

V
wpipe

Volume flow rate in m/h

Flow velocity in m/s
Cross-section of nominal size, registered as
straight
Nominal size

The flow rate of gases in m/h determined for standard

temperature and pressure using Diagram 4 can be converted into kg/h (operating conditions). See Example
14.
VG

DN = 18.8

V pipe
wpipe
Apipe

Gas flow rate, based on standard temperature

and pressure

(18)

11

Example 14

Compressed air flow rate

Determine:

Flow rate of compressed air for operating conditions and

standard pressure and temperature
Pipe nominal size Pressure p in the pipe
Flow velocity
Read volume flow rate in m/h based on the operating
conditions from Diagram 4
How high ist the mass flow rate of the compressed air in
kg/h?

Given:
Solution:

W=V r

Nominal size = DN 32
p
= 5 bar
wpipe = 7 m/s
.

= 20 m/h
V
Diagram 3 shows:
r = 6.3 kg/m
In the operating state:
W = 20 6.3 = 126 kg/h

(19)

VG is the volume flow rate of gas in m/h at a standard

temperature of 0 C and at a standard pressure of
1013 mbar.

At standard temperature and pressure:

1 m air -> 1.293 kg
.

VG =

W
126
=
= 97.5 m/h
1.293 1293
.

SAMSON AG MESS- UND REGELTECHNIK

Weismllerstrae 3 60314 Frankfurt am Main Germany
Phone: +49 69 4009-0 Fax: +49 69 4009-1507
Internet: http://www.samson.de

AB 04 EN

2012-12

Specifications subject to change without notice