A) The plural of nouns is generally formed by adding "S" to the
singular S!N"ULAR PLURAL book books girl girls hand hands table tables #) Add "$S" to nouns ending in %h&s&sh&ss&' and (. S!N"ULAR PLURAL chur%h churches bus buses brush brushes kiss kisses bo' boxes bu(( buzzes $'%eptions) S!N"ULAR PLURAL o' o'en Add "S" to nouns ending in %h *hi%h ha+e the sound of , S!N"ULAR PLURAL epo%h epochs monar%h monarchs stoma%h stomachs -) Nouns ending in "y" pre%eded by a %onsonant %hange the "y" into "!$S"& but if the "y" is pre%eded by a +o*el& only "S" is added S!N"ULAR PLURAL lady ladies country countries boy boys day days 1 .) /ost nouns ending in "o" pre%eded by a %onsonant ta,e "$S" in the plural S!N"ULAR PLURAL echo echoes hero heroes potato potatoes $'%eptions) S!N"ULAR PLURAL dynamo dynamos halo halos photo photos piano pianos solo solos $) All nouns ending in "o" pre%eded by a +o*el ta,e "S" in the plural S!N"ULAR PLURAL cuckoo cuckoos portfolio portfolios F) Nouns ending in "f" or "fe" drop the "f" or "fe" and add "0$S" S!N"ULAR PLURAL calf cal+es half hal+es knife kni+es leaf lea+es life li+es loaf loa+es self sel+es sheaf shea+es shelf shel+es thief thie+es wife wi+es 2 $'%eptions) S!N"ULAR PLURAL cliff cliffs handkerchief handkerchiefs roof roofs ") Nouns *hi%h retain their original "ree, or Latin forms ma,e their plurals a%%ording to the rules of "ree, or Latin S!N"ULAR PLURAL alumnus alumni crisis crises datum data erratum errata oasis oases phenomenon phenomena stimulus stimuli terminus termini 1) !rregular Plurals S!N"ULAR PLURAL %hild %hildren die di%e foot feet goose geese louse li%e man men mouse mi%e tooth teeth *oman *omen !) -ompound Nouns 2 Normally& the last *ord is made plural in %ompound nouns S!N"ULAR PLURAL armchair armchairs 3 bookcase bookcases mailman mailmen 3 4here man or *oman %ome first& both parts are made plural S!N"ULAR PLURAL manservant menservants woman-teacher women-teachers 5 -ompound nouns formed *ith prepositions or ad+erbs ma,e only the first *ord plural S!N"ULAR PLURAL looker-on lookers-on sister-in-law sisters-in-law 6 -ompounds finishing in "ful" ta,e "S" S!N"ULAR PLURAL handful handfuls spoonful spoonfuls 7) Some nouns in $nglish are used only in the singular form and so the +erb remains in singular a%%ommodation ad+i%e furniture information ,no*ledge ne*s progress 8) Some nouns ha+e the same form for both plural and singular deer fish series sheep spe%ies L) The names of many s%ien%es ending in "i%s" are singular The +erb remains in the singular form 4 $thi%s /athemati%s 9/ath) Phoneti%s Physi%s Statisti%s "eneti%s /) The follo*ing nouns are al*ays plural and are follo*ed by +erbs in the plural) alms bo*els %ontents %ustoms fire*or,s goods pants s%issors shears spe%ta%les stairs than,s trousers *ages *ares !/PORTANT R$/AR8S) The plural forms "hundreds", "dozens", "thousands", etc. are used if some indefinite number is implied, as 1undreds of miles .o(ens of eggs Thousands of buildings !ut they remain uninfle%ted after numerals, as Fi+e hundred miles Three do(en eggs Four thousand buildings "ote also that is this case the preposition of is placed after "hundreds", "dozens", "thousands", etc. A definite number is never followed by of. 5