REPUBLIC OF VANUATU

TECHNICAL ASSISTANCE TO THE

PUBLIC WORKS DEPARTMENT

EDF PROJECT # 9.ACP.VA.02 PWD MAINTENANCE TRAINING PROJECT

Inception report December 2006

21, rue Glesener

L-1631
Luxembourg
www.luxconsult.lu

0 Table of content
0 Table of content ............................................................................................................
.........................2
0.1 Abbreviations .....................................................................................................................
............3
0.2 Map ...........................................................................................................................
.....................4
1 Introduction ...........................................................................................................................................
.4
2 Rationale .................................................................................................................................
...............5
2.1 Roads in Vanuatu ........................................................................................................
..................5
2.2 MCC MCA ..................................................................................................................................
...6
3 PWD maintenance training project ....................................................................................
...................7
3.1 Financing agreement. .....................................................................................................................
7
3.1.1 Financing agreement summary ................................................................
............................7
3.2 Global work plan introduction ...........................................................................
...........................8
4 Logical Framework - Revised in June 2005 ..................................................................
.......................9
5 Budget balance November 2006 .................................................................................
........................11
6 Heavy equipment ...................................................................................................................
..............11
6.1 Supplies by CIPAC ...................................................................................................
..................11
6.2 Supplies by JOHS ........................................................................................................
...............11
6.3 Laboratory supplies ..............................................................................................
.......................12
6.4 Others suppliers : ..........................................................................................................
...............12
7 Training contract ...........................................................................................................................
.......13
8 Annual programs and cost estimates .....................................................................................
..............14
8.1 Programme Estimate 1 ....................................................................................
............................14
8.2 Programme Estimate 2 ....................................................................................
............................14
8.3 Programme Estimate 3 ....................................................................................
............................15
8.3.1 Cost estimate .................................................................................................................
.......15
8.3.2 Activities ...........................................................................................................
...................15
9 Technical Assistance ...................................................................................................................
.........16
9.1 At PWD main office Port Vila ...........................................................................................
........16
9.2 VSO volunteers. ......................................................................................................................
.....16
10 Site visit to Malekula ...................................................................................................................
......16
11 Site visit to Tanna ...................................................................................................
...........................17
12 Findings .....................................................................................................................
........................17
12.1 Purchase of heavy equipment .. ...........................................................................................
......17
12.2 Maintenance issues .......................................................................................................
.............18
12.3 Network ...........................................................................................................
..........................19
13 Proposals .....................................................................................................................................
.......19
13.1 Setting up routine maintenance at division level .....................................................................19
13.2 Training ............................................................................................................................
..........20
14 MIPU & PWD institutions .............................................................................................
...................20
14.1 Ministry of Infrastructures and Public Utilities MIPU .............................................................20
14.2 PWD ........................................................................................................................................
...21
14.2.1 Roles and responsibilities ...................................................................................
...............21
15 Current states of indicators ..........................................................................................................
......21
15.1 Travel times to key facilities reduced. ....................................................................................
..21
15.2 Improved year round access to key facilities. ..........................................................................22
15.3 Complaints register .............................................................................................................
......22
15.4 Database that establishes priority maintenance plans for roads ...............................................22
15.5 Annual Work program and Budget for PWD ...............................................................
............22
15.6 Maintenance schedules for all equipment ....................................................................
.............22
2

15.7 Road condition survey ...................................................................................................

...........22
15.8 Road inventory ..............................................................................................
............................22
15.9 Road classification .................................................................................................................
....22
15.10 Emergency system .......................................................................................................
...........23
15.11 Traffic count results ..............................................................................................
...................23
16 Annexes ............................................................................................................................................
..24
16.1 Annex : road maintenance definitions and practices ..............................................................24
16.1.1 Common definition ...................................................................................................
.........24
16.1.2 Defining road maintenance ..............................................................................................
.25
16.1.3 Funding of Road Maintenance ....................................................................
.....................26
16.2 Annex : list of all PWD equipment with condition (May 2006) ..............................................27
16.3 Annex : Bibliography ....................................................................................
............................31
16.3.1 in English .........................................................................................................
..................31
16.3.2 in French: .........................................................................................................
..................32

0.1 Abbreviations
EC

European Commission

EDF

European Development Fund

EU

European Union

GPS

Global Positioning System

HDM

Highway Design Manual

IRI

International Roughness Index

LFM

Logical Framework Matrix

MCA

Millenium Challenge Account

MCC

Millenium Challenge Corporation

NAO

National Authorising Officer

PE

Programme Estimate

PMU

Project Management Unit

POPACA

Projet dOrganisation des Producers Agricoles

PWD

Public Works Department

QA

Quality Assurance

REDI

Rural Development Initiative

TA

Technical Assistant

TAG

Technical Advisory Group

TOR

Terms of Reference

TYPSA

Technica Y Proyectos S.A.

VA

Vanuatu

VOC

Vehicle Operating Costs

VSO

Volunteer Services Overseas

Table 1: Abbreviations

0.2 Map

1 Introduction
The project aims at building the capacity of the Public Works Department, especially in two of the
main outer islands (Malekula and Tanna), to maintain properly transport infrastructure. It comprises
the provision of equipment, training, and demonstration works.

2 Rationale
2.1 Roads in Vanuatu 1
Roads are the primary and preferred mode of transport to access basic facilities (including health
and education), and for providing transport routes to markets for cash crops and small rural
enterprises.
Figures provided by the department of Public works would suggest that the road network underwent
little growth during period 1989 - 1997. Nonetheless, the road network did increase as several donor
funded road projects have been undertaken during the period. Some roads have been built without
any adequate study of the likely benefits or without any economic justification. In 2006, the network
may be classified in three categories : national, provincial and municipal roads.
According to PWD report dated March 2006, the total network length is about 2024 Km but the same
report also draws the attention to a few discrepancies between different sources of information.
Province

National

Provincial

Municipal

Total

Shefa

324

22

364

Sanma

486

130

2.6

618

Malampa

347

46

393

Tafea

205

6.8

212

Penama

361

51

412

Torba

42

42

1766

255

2.6

2024

Total

Table 2: Total length of roads in each province, by category. Unit = Km

Figures shown above are from a GPS survey conducted by PWD in 2002, mainly on national
network. Not all the provincial and municipal roads were surveyed.
Maintenance of the road network remains at a very low level. The Public Works Department (PWD)
established a project management unit that is responsible for project development, and also handles
maintenance of the national road network. This appears to have collapsed since the loss of key
personnel and the removal of expatriate technical assistance. In the last year the provision for road
maintenance was underspent in the national budget by 170 mvt12. It appears that whilst in previous
years availability of funds for maintenance had been blamed for the poor state of road repairs a more
fundamental problem exists in the capacity to undertake this work.
Constraints
Roads continue to be constructed, yet there is still no up-to-date list of the road assets of the country
(1997 data similar to 1989 data).The updating of this inventory along with an assessment of the
rehabilitation or on going maintenance requirements is a priority in the development of a Master
plan.
Adequate maintenance is also constrained by the uncertainty over who is responsible for road
maintenance. While major roads in both urban and rural areas are considered to be under the
domain of the PWD (and thus maintained by them), secondary and feeder roads are thought to be the
responsibility of Provinces and Municipalities. A clear declaration needs to be made as to who is
responsible for which road, or section of road.
The Road Act is under preparation to remedy this shortcoming. At least, criteria for classification have
1 Text in italic inspired from " 2001 Vanuatu Infrastructure Masterplan - 02/2002"

been formulated:
classification

Definition

Administrator

National

Road which form a link in the national arterial network and falls under the following PWD
:
- road which traverse the national land or goes around it and links the national
capital or provincial capital with other important villages
- roads which links an international port , national port, international airfield,
national airfield or places of national interest to another national road
- roads which links a place requiring development from stand point of the national
development ar land-use plans.

provincial

Roads which forms the local arterial network and falls under the following:
- road which links two or more villages to reach a national road
- roads which links a village with another village, local port or another place of
interest

Provincial
Government

municipal

roads within the jurisdiction of a municipality

Municipal
council

Table 3: Criteria used for classification of roads source PWD reports

A coding system has also been proposed to identify road sections.
An additional constraint to maintenance is the small size and remoteness of most road systems in the
islands. This means that transporting maintenance equipment is expensive and time consuming.
Private contractors are also reluctant to maintain remote roads.
This applies in particular for equipment based maintenance but labour based maintenance techniques
could be introduced.
And maintenance has to be defined !

2.2 MCC MCA

Vanuatus MCA Program consists of two principal components: (i) civil works for the reconstruction
of priority transport infrastructure on eight islands, including roads, wharfs, airstrips, and warehouses
(the Transport Infrastructure Project); and (ii) institutional strengthening efforts in Vanuatus Public
Works Department (PWD), including the provision of plant and equipment for maintenance, in
order to facilitate enhanced sustainability and maintenance of infrastructure assets (the Institutional
Strengthening Project). Technical, economic, environmental, and social assessments were completed
on each of the eleven civil works subprojects and institutional strengthening components contained in
the MCA Program.
The following eleven sub-projects are included as part of the US $54.47 million Transport
Infrastructure Project:
1. Efate island Upgrade 90km of the Ring Road;
2. Santo island Upgrade 70km of the East Coast Road from Luganville to Port Orly
3. Santo island Upgrade South Coast Road Bridges (5);
4. Malekula island Reconstruct 11km of the Norsup Lakatoro Lits Lits Road;
5. Malekula island Upgrade South West Bay Airstrip;
6. Pentecost island Construct the Loltong Wharf and Upgrade of North-South Road to Wharf;
7. Tanna island Reconstruct the Whitesands Road;
8. Epi island Upgrade Lamen Bay Wharf;
6

9. Ambae island Reconstruct Creek Crossings on 50km Road section;

10. Malo island Upgrade 15km of Roads; and
11. Warehouses (for produce and freight storage):

(i) Ambae island (Lolowai)

(ii) Epi island (Lamen Bay)

(iii) Pentecost island (Loltong)

(iv) Malo island (Nunuka)

(v) Malekula island (South West Bay)

Recognizing the importance of the maintenance of transport infrastructure in meeting program

objectives, the Vanuatu Compact will provide focused assistance of US $ 6.22 million to the principal
institution in the Transport Infrastructure Project,namely PWD, to remove key constraints that face
the institution in effectively delivering maintenance and repair services. The MCA Program also
provides support for the sustainability and viability of the institution through organizational reform
and policy changes.

3 PWD maintenance training project

Reference documents

Date

Financial Agreement 9031/VA

5/11/2003

Global Work plan 2004 - 2006

31/12/2003

Project estimate 1

Period
2004 - 2006
01/01/04 30/6/05
01/07/05 - 31/12/05

Project estimate 2

20/01/2006

01/01/06 - 31/12/06

Project estimate 3

07/07/2006

01/01/07 - 31/12/07

Progress report 1

01/01/2004 - 30/09/2005

Progress report 2

01/07/2006 - 30/09/2006

Table 4: project reference documents

3.1 Financing agreement.

Financing Agreement 9031/VA states that deadline for contracts and programme estimates shall be
signed by 22 September 2006 at latest. Period of execution ends at 31st December 2009, end of
operational implementation phase being 31st December 2007.
Agreement came in force on the 5th November 2003, when signed by the Hon. Vice Prime Minister of
Vanuatu.

3.1.1 Financing agreement summary

The Government of Vanuatu launched in 2002 the Producers Organisation Project (POP2) on order to
increase their cash income through associative activities and promote self-funding mechanisms and
empowerment of producer's organisations.
The Asian Development Bank is in the process of appraising the funding of the Outer Islands
7

Infrastructure Development Project (OIIDP) under which essential transport infrastructure will be
rehabilitated or upgraded.
Rural Economic Development Initiative (REDI) projects were initiated in the provinces of Malampa
and Tafea to promote economic growth within the framework of the Comprehensive reform Program.
For the POP project and the REDI programmes, transportation is a major constraint to their
implementation and operation. The proposed project will also complement OIIDP and improve the
PWD capacity to properly maintain the transport infrastructure
Overall objective : "Improved rural economy and life by ensuring that basic transportation facilities
are kept operational, thus providing access to essential services, and facilitating shipment of
agricultural products."
Project purpose : "Improved access to markets and shipping services, and to social services delivery
points"
Results:

improved capacity of PWD to maintain land transportation facilities

PWD's maintenance units strengthened two provinces (Malampa and Tafea) through the supply of
essential equipment, training and demonstration works.

Cost estimate :
Procurement of equipment

1 050 000

Trainings and other technical

assistance

520 000

Demonstration works

380 000

Audit

15 000

Evaluation

30 000

Total

1 995 000

3.2 Global work plan introduction

Land transport has been identified as an issue in Vanuatu. The rural road network is generally in bad
condition due to lack of maintenance. This situation is a major constraint to economic development
actions such as the rural Development Initiative (REDI) or the Small Holders Owned Associative
Trading Project (POP2).
PWD's capacity to maintain the road network is very limited forseveral reasons:

most of the equipment is old and very expensive if not impossible to repair

maintenance operators have limited technical skill

operations are not properly managed

funding is insufficient

If PWD is to continue to ensure road maintenance, it is highly desirable to implement training

programmes to improve service delivery. All donors (ADB, JICA and AUSAID) have agreed on this
point. It is also necessary to address the equipment issue and set up as soon as possible a fleet renewal
program.
The PWD Maintenance Training Project will substantially increase the technical and management
capacity of maintenance staff in the provinces of Malampa and Tafea. As a consequence, rural road
8

conditions in these areas will be improved thus allowing the beneficiaries a better access to markets
and social facilities (schools, hospitals).
Because of limited availability of PWD equipment, the project includes acquisition of some heavy
equipment necessary for the training sessions.
According to the "Global work plan", project philosophy is : "the effectiveness of road maintenance
depends largely on the operator's knowledge of road maintenance techniques, and their capacity to
carry out appropriate maintenance operations."

4 Logical Framework - Revised in June 2005

Project purpose

Overall objective

Project Description
To contribute to
improved access to
important social ,
economic and market
services in Vanuatu

Improved capacity in
PWD to deliver its core
maintenance function

Results

1. Financial Management
& Planning Skills
improved.

2. Technical skills for

fleet
managements and road
maintenance improved

Objectively Verifiable Indicators

Source of verification

Travel times to key

facilities reduced.

National statistics

Current Status

Project survey reports.

Improved year round
access to key facilities.
All PWD equipment
operational.
Customer complaints
reduced by 60%.

Database that establishes

priority maintenance plans
for roads by types operating
early 2006.

Annual Work program and

Budget for PWD and
associated resource
requirements established by
October of each year.

2.1 All equipment has log

books .
2.2 Maintenance schedules for all
equipment available.
2.3 Breakdown rates reduced
from 11% to 3% by end of
programme (EoP.)
2.4 Repair times reduced by 45%
by EoP.

Equipment Log books

Establishment of
complaint register
and annual report
on complaints received
and responses.
Progress Reports

Equipment
Logbooks
available and in
use
Establishment of
complaint register
in progress
Work programme
for 2006
completed.

National Budget

Annual work
programme 2006
for PWD was
established in
October 2005

Check logbooks
Periodically

All equipment in
operation has
logbooks, but
recording needs
more attention

Check maintenance
Schedules
Check monthly reports
of provincial offices

Maintenance
schedules 20%
available
Breakdown rates
reduced from 11%
to 9%

Project Description

Rsulta

3. Quality Control
systems and skills
improved to
international standards

Objectively Verifiable Indicators

2.5 Road maintenance rate of 5060% per year increases to at
least 70% per year at an
acceptable quality by the EoP.

Source of verification
Annual report

Current Status
Road maintenance
rate increased to
63%

3.1 Twelve(12) more technicians

trained in Quality Control
procedures by EoP.

Annual reports

11 more
technicians trained
in QA

3.2 Laboratory PWD updated by

October 2005.
Project progress reports

Activities

Project Description
Project documentation
Purchase of equipments
Purchase of consultancy
services
Recruitment of two
volunteers
Training
Establishment of work
programmes
Demonstration works
Community works
Monitoring by Project
Implementation Unit
(PIU)
Project Evaluation

3.3 Number of test/year increases

from 120 in 2004 to 240 by EoP.
Means
Technical assistance
Tender documents
Operating costs
Consultancy services
PIU meetings
Periodical reports

Central Laboratory
PWD updated by
October 2005
Number of
test/year increased

Cost Estimates ()

Current Status

Purchase of Equipment
1,050,000

Training, expert
services, and
operational costs
520,000

483.117,97

Demonstration works
380,000

Evaluation

30,000
Audit

15,000
---------------Total

1,995,000

964.968,37

316.940,99
0

5.000

1.769.967,33

10

5 Budget balance November 2006

Budget
Budgeted in the FA
Commitments
1st Work Programme
Intraco
Johs. Gram-Hanssen
TYPSA
VSO
CIPAC
BMS (Audit)
TA to PWD (DHV)
PE 2006 (Rider 1)
Audit 2006
PE 2007
AT 2006-07
Audit 2007
Evaluation
Total committed
Balance

1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12

Total ()
1 995 000
VUV
EURO
43 000 000
320 747,98
4 800 000
34 444,14
343 179,00
13 444 815
95 924,35
18 198 392
130 000,00
46 842 470
345 000,00
350 000
3 000,00
59 985,00
32 225 000
231 834,53
3 483,00
33 000 000
237 410,07
157 500
3 500,00
15 000,00
1 987 829,07
7 170,93
EURO
VUV
953 733,12

Blue shaded : to be registered

Yellow shaded : indicative.

6 Heavy equipment
Equipment has been delivered in August 2005:

6.1 Supplies by CIPAC

Type

Particulars

Value

Bulldozer

22 T 191 HP

200000 / 26 000 000 VT

Grader

13 T 140 HP

180000 / 18 000 000 VT

Total amount including contingencies, spare parts

47 000 000 VT

6.2 Supplies by JOHS

Type
2 Compactors

Particulars
Dynapac CA 262D

Total amount including contingencies, spare parts

Type
Back hoe loader

Value
2 * 72 250
155190

Particulars
JCB 3CX 8 T

Value
60 200

11

Type

Particulars

Loader

JCB 436ZX 15 T

Total amount including contingencies, spare parts

Value
109 600
187 989

6.3 Laboratory supplies

With a supply contract with "Laboratoire National des Travaux Publics" Nouma - New Caledonia,
the PWD laboratory has been equipped with all necessary equipment to conduct geotechnical and soil
tests.
Personnel has been trained.

6.4 Others suppliers :

Comprehensive inventory is kept by project account. The list hereunder is limited to field equipment,
with a direct link to road or fleet maintenance, presented by province in which the equipment is
allocated.
DESCRIPTION
1" spanner sockets set
1/2" drive socket set
3/4" drive socket set
3/4" drive socket set
3/8" drive socket set
angle grinder
automatic level c/w
automatic level c/w
battery charger
bench vice with anvil
cyclone shovels
fire extinguisher
gas welding kit
gloves
gps
heavy duty booster cable
measuring wheel
mobile compressor
plastic drums
pneumatic jack hummer
power saw
reflector vest
safety cones
safety goggles
safety helmets
satety boots
tape measure 30m
tourgue wrengers
water cleaner
wheelbarrow

QTY
21 pcs
21 pcs
27 pcs
27 pcs
29 pcs
1
1
1
1
2
10
3
1
40
1
1
1
1
4
1
1
15
8
2
15
20
1
1
4

MAKE
tool mac
tool mac
tool mac
tool mac
tool mac
bosch
lufkin
lufkin
sip
chubb
toolex

MODEL
pws 7 100
20x
20x
charge star 30
d-hundle
204/02
tl 75

CAPACITY
1 5/8" - 3 1/8"
(20-320)mm
(22" - 50 ) mm
1/2" - 2"
4mm-12mm
720 watt
objective
objective
24v(22a max)
6"
1.5kg
( 1,725

carmin
-

can210 (12fc)
-

750a

atlas copco
atlas copco
husqvana

xas 36
tex 22 ps
h 365

15.3kw @
200 (littres)
7bar (max)
1.5kw

spitwater
-

11 140 wp
-

5 cu ft

Table 5: Material and equipments shipped to Malekula

12

DESCRIPTION
1" spanner sockets set
1/2" drive socket set
3/4" drive socket set
3/4" drive socket set
3/8" drive socket set
angle grinder
automatic level c/w
battery charger
bench vice with anvil
cyclone shovels
fire extinguisher
gas welding kit high pressure
gps
heavy duty booster cable
light duty booster cable
measuring wheel
metallic cupboard
mobile compressor
pick up truck
pneumatic jack hummer
power saw
tourgue wrengers
water cleaner
wheelbarrow

QTY
21 pcs
21 pcs
27 pcs
27 pcs
29 pcs
1
1
1
2
10
3
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1

MAKE
tool mac
tool mac
tool mac
tool mac
tool mac
bosch
lufkin
sip
chubb
toolex
carmin
bizhub
atlas copco
mitsubishi
atlas copco
husqvana

MODEL
pws 7 100
20x
charge star 30
d-hundle
204/02
tl 75
can210 (12fc)
xa537
k77t jensl
tex 22 ps
h 365

1
4

spitwater
-

11 140 wp
-

CAPACITY
1 5/8" - 3 1/8"
(20-320)mm
(22" - 50 ) mm
1/2" - 2"
4mm-12mm
720 watt
objective
24v(22a max)
6"
( 1,725 2,500) kpa
750a
100a
15.3kw @
3200cc
7bar (max)
1.5kw

5 cu ft

Table 6: Material and equipments shipped to Tanna

7 Training contract
On December 15th , 2004, contract # Serve/9-002/004/IC was signed with Technica Proyectos SA
TYPSA to conduct trainings in road maintenance.
Training sessions were organised by TYPSA company, and held from end August to early December
2005.
Final report is available.
Lists of trainees first week

List of trainees whole program

Name

Position

Name

Position

Jimmy Johnson

Malekula manager

August Nalan

Operator

Fred Cudeous

Tanna manager

Sandy Reny

Qualify operator

Simeon Stanley

Santo manager

James Samuel

Grader operator

Alosio Sawan

Ambae manager

Richard Iao

Bulldozer operator

Bob Meltek

Bulldozer operator

Toares Augustin

Grader operator

Georges Mouris

Foreman

List of trainees second week

Name

Position

Joseph Banyus

Operator

Jean Jacques

Senoir road foreman

Jean Anthony

Operator

13

Atis Tessi

senior foreman works

David Kai

Qualify operator

Brian Matamlele

senior foreman works

Philip Mourison

Operator

Titus Tari

acting road foreman

Edward Pakao

Seal road foreman

Anthony Yosef

Laboratory surveyor

John Ray Ravua

Foreman unsealed road

Joe Antas

Laboratory

Viva Bani

Foreman

8 Annual programs and cost estimates

Hereunder, the 3 programme estimates are summed up. The first two should have been followed by
comprehensive progress reports in order to monitor the progress of implementation.

8.1 Programme Estimate 1

Rider # 1 was justified to format the Programme estimate to standard form and set up in local
currency, to go for direct commitments for some items, to plan for division's offices renovation and
refurbishment, and to give extra time to run the recruitments and activities.
Rider #2 to extend the duration period by 6 months up to 31.12.2005 is justified by late deliveries of
goods and late arrival of volunteer. The logical framework is also revised.
Period covered by the rider is July to December 2005
Activities planned :
renovation of Works division buildings in Malampa and Tafea, with refurbishment
purchase of laboratory equipment completed
road maintenance tools delivered and in use
demonstration works implemented
Equipment shipped to Malekula and Tanna.

8.2 Programme Estimate 2

Initial amount VUV 46 125 000 reduced to VUV 32 225 000.
Activities planned :

database for priority maintenance plans established

PE 3 prepared in due time

improvement of technical skills for fleet management and road maintenance

road maintenance rate increased

quality control system and skill improved

2 pilot and demonstration sites for road maintenance techniques : 25 km in Malampa province and
22 km in Tafea province.

divisions' office renovation

purchase of one vehicle for PWD

14

Rider 22/08/2006 budget adapted to removeprocurement of one vehicle, tune DSA , accommodation
and contingencies.

8.3 Programme Estimate 3

Initial amount is VUV 30 800 000.
Activities planned:

demonstration works : site selection and planning has been made by Malekula and Tanna Works
Divisions.

fleet management training

road maintenance training

quality assurance training : mainly with PWD soil laboratory facilities in Port Vila

8.3.1 Cost estimate

Code

Caption

Budget

100000

Procurements

5 050 000

120000

- equipment

4 550 000

121000

- spare parts

4 050 000

122000

- small equipment and tools

500 000

130000

Equipment related costs

500 000

200000

Training and other TA

9 400 000

210000

- In country training

9 400 000

300000

Demonstration works

15 735 000

310000

- Malampa

7 300 000

320000

- Tafea

8 425 000

400000

Operating costs

625 000
Total

30 800 000

Table 7: Programme estimate 3 - 2007

8.3.2 Activities
Financial Management and Panning skills improved

Database that establishes priority maintenance plans for the main maintenance activities in
Vanuatu will be further improved, allowing a more realistic planning programme for the future.

Technical skills for fleet management and road maintenance improved.

Fleet management : logbook monitoring system in full operation, maintenance schedule for all
PWD equipment, reducing the breakdown ratesfrom 9% to 3 %
15

Road maintenance : in order to keep the Vanuatu road network in a goosd condition, the road
senior foremen and the road foremen from all the six provinces and the two municipalities will
attend further training / demonstration sessions to enhance their skills in proper road maintenance
techniques

Quality control

The eleven QA technicians trained during PE1 and PE2 operational period will be further trained
to reach acceptable level to be able to determine the good materials during the maintenance
activities.

More project ownership by PWD managers established.

9 Technical Assistance
9.1 At PWD main office Port Vila
John Andriamanantoa
John Pello

23/04/2005 - 31/08/2006

Luc Grandjean

13/11/2006 - 13/11/2007

Table 8: technical assistance to PWD - Port Vila

9.2 VSO volunteers.

Contract # Serve/9-002/006 was signed on December 3rd, 2004 with VSO to assist the divisional
Managers in Malampa and Tafea in order to implement the maintenance training program and to
improve capacity building of the PWD's divisions.
Kate Johnson

30/05/2005 30 /05/2007

Lawrence Kithome

17/10/2005 - 16/10/2007

Table 9: Technical assistance to Malampa and Tafea division - VSO

10 Site visit to Malekula

From 20/11/2006 to 23/11/2006, with Andr Iatipu, project manager, to visit the Malekula works
division and almost all the island network. On Malekula we met the PW division staff and Mrs Kate
Johnson, VSO volunteer.
Site visit report is annexed.
To sum up first findings:
heavy equipment purchased under EDF funds has been commissioned and is in use. New and old
equipment do not match (in size) and, more generally speaking, equipment is not
PW staff in on duty, trained. Staff only composed of technicians and plant operators, no
labourers.
what is called "maintenance" in reports should be better referred to as "rehabilitation works"
normal maintenance works are not performed
road network still need lots of improvements / investments in order to reach a normal level
workshop lacks some basic facilities : fuel tank, appropriate hand tools, and need to be cleaned,
16

to benefit from some tidy up activities.

it seems that major improvements in division's management and more particularly relations with
PWD main office (accounting, purchases, commitment authorisation to contract out , ...) should
take place in order to bring back some rationality in daily management.
3 demonstrations works are scheduled in 2006: site selection is questionable

Individual training needs will be assessed during next visit, after discussion with PWD chief of
operation, who is the hierarchical chiefof division's staff.
On the way back, stop over at Santo, meeting with PW division Staff, PW division workshop and
visit of water works under progress ( 240 M" new reservoir build) and water facilities ( pumping
station)
Second site visit to Malekula scheduled for 12 to 15/12/2006

11 Site visit to Tanna

From 30/11/2006 to 2/12/2006, with Kensy Yosef, chief of the PWD operation section, deputy
project manager to Tanna works division and almost all the island network.
Site visit report is annexed.
To sum up first findings:

demonstration sites seem very well selected, works are more rehabilitation than maintenance

design and implementation of works are not properly done : too basic survey, no sketches /
drawings, no real cost estimate

routine (preventive) maintenance has to be put in place, starting with site inspections, surveys, ...

Road inventory has to be improved and refined,

equipment downsize for routine maintenance, better matched to needs would be advisable and
come in support to community works.

one 4 wheel excavator with rock breaking hammer would be an asset, sandblast equipment and
adequate coating is needed for bridges structures.

province, with community works, has developed a rather large feeder road network without
having any idea of its extension and maintenance needs, nor having budget for same.

employment and job creation will become a matter of concern of young people on Tanna. Some
policy decision could take place and an action plan could be proposed.

12 Findings
12.1 Purchase of heavy equipment ..
According to monitoring report dated 04/09/06 - 22/09/06: "Estimate (PE) No.1 included [...] the
procurement of heavy machinery (probably more suited to major road building rather than
maintenance) ".
Available equipment is not adequate for routine maintenance and equipment of small labourers teams:

no small roller available for pothole patching

17

not enough hand tools : shovels, hoes, picks, axes, hammers, mining rod, ...

dumpers or wheelbarrows would help

versatile agricultural tractors with tipping trailers, slashers, front loader, ... could also be
advisable.

no rock breaking hammer available

no excavator available

and equipment is spread inefficiently amongst the 6 provinces :

a D8 size bulldozer 2 cannot be fully employed on Tanna for years : it would be advisable to plan
activities there (road opening / rehabilitation on section C and D, stockpiling huge quantities of
coral stone, ...) and then transferring to another island, with a planned program of work.

loader granted to Malekula is inefficient if served by only two old and small tipping trucks

12.2 Maintenance issues

According to monitoring report dated 04/09/06 22/09/06: "PWD has serious problems with forward
planning for preventive maintenance, due in part to the nature of the machinery and the logistics of
supply."
Maintenance is a word that embraces several concepts and is, presently on Vanuatu, often restricted to
expensive equipment based intervention on a road reported in bad condition, namely rehabilitation
and rebuild.
For a Standard car

Intervention
type

For a surfaced road

check and levels water and oil before each great

way
replace consumable according to wear: sparking
plugs, plates, belts, tires

recurrent
maintenance

Permanent road mender activities: pruning,

clearing of undergrowth mowing / clearing out
ditches, culverts, bridges, ..
Pothole patching according to wear

drain oil and to change filters air and oil every

10 000km Change shock absorbers and other
wearing parts every 50 000 km

Periodic
maintenance

Re grading of surface after 8 to 10 years,

according to climate and traffic effects

Renew the engine after 250 000 km

Rehabilitation work on the structure, the surface and civil

works after 15 to 20 years

To change car after 15 years

Rebuild

completely rebuild the road after 25 to 35 years,

possibly with realignments, widening, ...

Table 10: Maintenance - Rehabilitation : definitions

Shaded lines are not commonly considered as maintenance activities.
Road maintenance can be defined as the "preservation of roads and bridge structures as far as possible
to its original condition when first constructed or subsequently improved." Proper and timely
maintenance of a newly constructed or rehabilitated road is the concern of government, users and
communities who benefit the most. Without maintenance, well-constructed roads are doomed to
deteriorate and eventually become impracticable.
Restorative maintenance / preventive maintenance: restorative maintenance consists in repairing the
damage after they appear. Preventive maintenance consists in intervening before the damage, as soon
2 nominal productivity is above 200 m3 of earth moved and in place, in one hour.

18

as they become likely, to mitigate the impact or the probability of occurence. Example: to clear a
landslide is curative. To plant the slope to stabilise it is preventive.
A well designed preventive maintenancepolicy allows savings and delivers a better level of service
than the restorative maintenance policy (even fast and effective).
Routine maintenance and periodic maintenance include a majority of preventive maintenance tasks
and some restorative maintenance activities.
Recurrent maintenance : light maintenance operations, to be carried out throughout the year in
order to prolong as much as possible, and at the lowest cost, the lifespan of a road. In particular :

clearing out of the ditches,

mowing and bush clearing (possibly operated by cantonnage 3),

pothole patching ,

light grading or light reshaping on the unsealed roads.

Periodic maintenance : routine maintenance, to be carried out periodically to preserve the structure of
the roadway while renewing its surfacing: new dressing of the surface on the surfaced roads (every 8
to 12 years, according to the traffic), or heavy reshaping with recharging on the unsealed roads (every
4 to 6 years according to the traffic). The routine maintenance renovates the surfacing, without
renovating the structure of the roadway.
Rehabilitation or rebuilding: Heavy interventions intended to reconstitute the structure of a very
degraded road. Rehabilitation and rebuilding do not belong to the framework of maintenance; they are
in fact new investments to restore an infrastructure already paid for.
More details on maintenance in annex.

12.3 Network
Networks are in the range of 200 300 km on each island. The networks are neither well known, and
from first sight nor is maintained.
Substantial investments is lacking to allow normal use of 2x4 vehicles on the whole extent of the
network.
Target could be the normal use of a 2x4 pick-up on the network all year round : this would mean that
transport costs of goods and persons will be brought down to more acceptable levels : 4X4 vehicles
are more expensive to purchase and more costly to run, in fuel and spare parts.

13 Proposals
13.1 Setting up routine maintenance at division level
Being at the third and last year of the project, with a programme estimate already approved there is
little room to introduce new features. Nevertheless, in line with the planned activities and normal
duties of PWD staff at divisions level, some new orientations can be introduced and training towards
effective maintenance, as described above and in annex, could be completed.
3 Cantonnage: (French word). It is a manner of organizing all the small maintenance tasks, those which a person alone
can achieve with simple (hand) basic tools, like mowing, bush clearing, clearing out the ditches, culverts, bridges,
Each road-mender is in charge of X km of road which would keep him occupied all year round, with some control
and backup. Cantonnage can be carried out as well under force account (rgie) or under works contract.

19

inventories have to be completed

preventive maintenance has to be introduced, with a possibility to involve local communities or

small contractors

restorative maintenance has to be set up.

During this last year of the project, key figures and productivity rates in different conditions could be
established, in order to be able in the near future to estimate the cost of the maintenance tasks.
Works and strategy could be seen as pilot activities for next maintenance projects country wide
(including MCA project) or for PWD budget's improvements.
After meeting and possibly Steering committee approval, available funds planned under PE3 could
be used to direct procurements towards smaller equipment ,to be used with labour team on preventive
maintenance.

13.2 Training
Training that has been carried out up date was found to be too academic by technicians.
Other training material, for labour based activities, will be made available to PWD and Works
divisions and trainings sessions will be organised with the help of the 2 VSO volunteers.
These trainings should also be offered to provincial staff, as provinces have the ownership of the
"feeder roads" network and are facing same maintenance problems.
On a day to day basis, individual needs will be identified. Without being exhaustive, the assessment
has not yet been made, some ideas could be :

use of spreadsheets and database, use of word processor

accounting, operational accounting

filing and sharing documents on computers, backups

use of GPS and surveying equipment, use of GIS or maps

labour based techniques for road construction and maintenance

use of gabions for river crossings and piers

etc.

Technical documentation has also to be made available at division's level, either on printed hard
copies or on CDROM.

14 MIPU & PWD institutions

14.1 Ministry of Infrastructures and Public Utilities MIPU
The Ministry of Infrastructures and Public Utilities (MIPU) comprises by 4 entities:
the Public Works Department PWD
the Civil Aviation Authority CAA
The Meteorological Services
The Ports and Harbour Department.
MIPU technical and political secretaries are located in Port Vila main office second floor.

20

14.2 PWD
The Public Works Department (PWD) is in charge of roads, buildings, water, solid waste collection
for public buildings and comprises 3 sections and 6 divisions.
Sections are :
Projects : in charge of investment budget lines
Operations : managing the recurrent budget
Finances
Sections are hosted in the main office located in Port Vila, first floor.
The Operation section is relayed at provincial level by Divisions : Shefa, Sanma, Malampa, Tafea,
Penama, Torba

14.2.1 Roles and responsibilities

Account section

prepare, submit and manage departemental budget

Operation section

maintain national road assets

operate and maintain water supply system in urban areas of Lugainville, Norsup, Lakatoro and
Isangel

maintain PWD equipment, plant, facilities and staff housing

assist other government departments with management of maintenance of their facilities ans staff
housing

undertake vehicle inspections

collect revenue for provision of water supply and electricity, and vehicles inspections

Project section

develop national road assets

develop water supply system in urban area

assist government with management of infrastructure projects

assist other government departments with technical engineering advice

15 Current states of indicators

The indicators hereunder are listed from the project logical framework.

15.1 Travel times to key facilities reduced.

Records of travel time is said to have been done, report was not available.
Key facilities have to be defined.

21

Monitoring this indicator could be made by a bi-annual survey amongst the taxi drivers, for example.
On a standardised form.

15.2 Improved year round access to key facilities.

Monitoring of this indicator has to be put in place. This indicator could be linked with the previous
one, reported on on a bi-annual basis.

15.3 Complaints register

No complain procedure has been set up.

15.4 Database that establishes priority maintenance plans for roads

Criteria for priority have to be defined.

15.5 Annual Work program and Budget for PWD

Annual recurrent budget and investment budget are voted in due time by Government.
PWD has a Corporate Plan (2002 2205), Management Improvement Plan, Policies and an Annual
Business Plan to address its policies and provide the Service delivery expected or require.

15.6 Maintenance schedules for all equipment

Routine maintenance is managed at division's level, where files are kept.
Equipment inventory does exist (see annex). Use of equipment is reported on a monthly basis to PWD
main office.
Inventory list has to be clean and all beyond repair equipment should be written off.

15.7 Road condition survey

Not yet implemented

15.8 Road inventory

A survey has been conducted in each province in 2002, with GPS, using way points instead of actual
tracks, thus straight distances between two way points are shorter that actual road length.
For each province, tables are presenting
Route:
coding

Starting point:
description / toponomy

Ending point :
description / toponomy

Distance :
Km

Classification:
National /provincial/ Municipal

All tables are compiled in a report.

Coding is defined in the Road Act.

15.9 Road classification

Ownership is defined in the Road act. The definition still has to be mapped and presented to
Provincial and Municipal Authorities.
22

Tanna province has already expressed a need to revise the classification and include more roads in
the national level.
classification

Definition

Administrator

National

Road which form a link in the national arterial network and falls under the following PWD
:
- road which traverse the national land or goes around it and links the national
capital or provincial capital with other important villages
- roads which links an international port , national port, international airfield,
national airfield or places of national interest to another national road
- roads which links a place requiring development from stand point of the national
development ar land-use plans.

provincial

Roads which forms the local arterial network and falls under the following:
- road which links two or more villages to reach a national road
- roads which links a village with another village, local port or another place of
interest

Provincial
Government

municipal

roads within the jurisdiction of a municipality

Municipal
council

Table 11: Criteria used for classification of roads

15.10 Emergency system

Disaster committee are in place in each province, works division managers are members of the
committees.
But the emergency system by itself still has to be set up.

15.11 Traffic count results

According to "Traffic count report 2006" PWD Fred Siba, dated October 20th , 2006, traffic count
exercise has been done in Shefa, Sanma, Tafea, Malampa, Penama and Torba provinces.
The counts were conducted for one week, vehicles sorted in 8 categories : bicycle, motorbike, car,
pick-up truck, other truck, buses, trailers, other.
In Malekula, specific locations were : Litslits, Aoub, Vao, PWD Lakatoro, Mai, Ransarie, Norsup
airport and LTC Lakatoro.
Highest traffic count is 728 vehicle per day at PWD Lakatoro, average being around 600 vehicles per
week day. Figures are rapidly declining as location is far from Norsup - Lakatoro.
In Tanna, specific locations were : Kahau ruat Iken, White Grass Jnc, Tafea Coop Jnc, Stadium Jnc,
Pigs Nose and Loyaru.
Highest traffic count is 868 vehicles per day at Tafea coop Jnc, average being around 550 vehicles per
day. traffic is concentrated in Stadium Jnc and Tafea coop Jnc.

23

16 Annexes
16.1 Annex : road maintenance definitions and practices
16.1.1 Common definition
A common understanding of road maintenance requires the understanding of the term "maintenance".
The basic objective of road maintenance is implicit in the word itself. It is done to ensure that the road
that has been constructed, or improved, is maintained in its original condition. It is accepted that over
the lifespan of the road, it will deteriorate due to factors with which maintenance activities cannot
deal. Nevertheless, maintenance is intended to begin on the first day after the road improvement
works have been completed.
In practice the effect of regular and timely maintenance is to increase the life of the road by putting
off the date at which it needs to be reconstructed.This has several benefits, the prominent one being
that maintenance stretches the period over which the benefits from the investment made are available
and therefore provide a higher rate of return on the initial investment. In addition, it puts off the date
when large investments have to be made to reconstruct the road. As the yearly cost of maintaining a
road is a small fraction of the investment cost, usually some 2-3%, the economic logic for effective
preventative maintenance is undeniable. It can indeed be argued that the construction of roads, whilst
consuming large amounts of money, is of limited importance if there is no effective maintenance
system.
For reasons that are difficult to assess, however, road maintenance is often viewed as an activity that
is carried out only when the road is damaged. As no one would apply this approach to his house or
even his own health, it is strange that it seems to be a pervasive attitude in the road sector.
The situation is particularly critical with unsealed roads. Here the main enemy of the road is water.
The whole concept of rural road building is to get the water as quickly and efficiently as possible
away from the road structure. This means that the camber of the surface, the slope of the shoulders,
the side drains and cross drainagestructures need not only be constructed effectively but also need to
be kept in a condition that will permit the free run off of the water. This means that the road once
constructed has to be looked after on a regular basis. This is why routine maintenance is so important
and is the core of an effective maintenance system. The term Recurrent maintenance is sometimes
used to cover certain activities (such as light grading) which are carried out during the year over and
above the activities of routine maintenance. Periodic maintenance is an activity that is undertaken
every 3- 5 years and is concerned with rectifying defects which are outside the scope of routine
maintenance. Routine maintenance however remains the key activity. It is the least costly but provides
the greatest benefits.
Maintenance, being a recurrent activity, should be financed from the recurrent budget. The funds
allocated to it should relate to a maintenance plan which defines those roads requiring maintenance
and, using standard figures for routine, recurrent and periodic maintenance, produces a recurrent cost
for the network.
Unfortunately, as in many other countries, road maintenance is not viewed as a recurrent activity. It is
viewed as a set of projects to be carried out on roads which, because of lack of maintenance, have
deteriorated to a state where they need improvement.
The present description of road maintenance in the budget reflects the curative rather than the
preventive approach to maintenance.
There is, therefore a major effort required not only to develop an effective and realistic rural road
24

maintenance system but also to create a maintenance culture along the lines described above.

16.1.2 Defining road maintenance

Road maintenance is not described in any conventional manner : one budget line is 8CRE Roads
repair, which can obviously not be interpreted as routine and preventive maintenance
In order, therefore, to ensure that we are all talking the same language, we have felt it necessary to
define the terms we have used when discussing rural road maintenance.
We would suggest that, in keeping with an approach which is preventive rather than curative,
maintenance should be defined as follows:
Routine Maintenance - required continuously.

non-pavement related; required continually on all roads in maintainable condition 4 (good and
fair) during the year irrespective of traffic volume or engineering characteristics.

Activities include: grass cutting, bush cutting, drain clearing, ditch cleaning, culvert
cleaning, road sign cleaning, repairs of minor damage to side slopes, levelling of
shoulders and verges.

pavement related; required at intervals during the year with a frequency depending on
condition of the pavement and traffic volume/composition.

Activities include: for paved roads, repairing pot-holes, patching, for unpaved roads,
repairing pot-holes,

Recurrent Maintenance required at intervals during the year

Activities include:
for paved roads, edge repairs, crack sealing, line marking,
for unpaved roads, grading or dragging.

Periodic Maintenance Operations - required at intervals of several years.

for paved roads: resealing, regravelling of shoulders, line marking.

for unpaved roads: regravelling or replacement of unbound macadam pavements.

Emergency Maintenance Operations required to deal with emergencies where immediate

action(s) is required to ensure roaduser safety.

Activities include removal of debris/obstacles, clearing of land slides, repairs to

localised damages road sections/structures.

In an effective system routine maintenance would be the core activity and emergency maintenance
would consume only a small portion of the budget.
This is not the current situation in Vanuatu.
In an effective system, the order of priority of maintenance activities would be as follows:
1. Routine drainage works including clearing of ditches, clearing of culverts, clearing of
bridges, clearing of river channels, repairs of erosion damage, repairs to scour checks and
other minor drainage structures, repairs of culverts and other large structures, repairs of
embankment slopes, etc.,
2. Routine pavement works including filling of potholes, repairs to shoulders, etc.,
4 maintenance cannot be carried out on too badly damaged sections

25

3. Recurrent maintenance grading - gravel surfaced roads only,

4. Other routine maintenance works including grass and bush cutting, cleaning, repairing,
replacing road signs, etc., and
5. Periodic maintenance works including regravelling, etc..
Budget and means to fund and execute such maintenance scheme must be based on :

a detailed condition inventory of all the roads in the Province, with classification according to the
Road Act;

an assessment of the cost of putting the core network into a maintainable condition;

an assessment of the routine maintenance costs, means and procedures

an assessment of the periodic maintenance and means

16.1.3 Funding of Road Maintenance

The current situation regarding the budgeting of road maintenance could not be defined unless the
network which is in a maintainable condition is known : the actual size of the network is not known
with any precision nor its actual condition.
Any discussion of maintaining the totality of the network is therefore at this stage an academic
exercise.
Another way to look into the issue is, if the level of maintenance funding is known, to figure out the
length of the network that can be maintained according to known cost of routine and periodic
maintenance of roads.

26

16.2 Annex : list of all PWD equipment with condition (May 2006)
Beyond repair and very old equipment are still on the inventory due to public management rule of depreciation.
Management
No.
TND7

Bull Dozer

Excellent

Cost of Service to
Location
date
o
Tanna

SCD2

Bull Dozer

18

breakdown

03/2006 to date

Santo

MCD6

Bull Dozer

18

Breakdown

24/02/2006

Malekula

TCD9

Bull Dozer

18

breakdown

2004 to date

Sola

MHD5

Bull Dozer

19

Breakdown

19.05.05 to date

500 000

Malekula

SHD3

Bull Dozer

19

breakdown

Feb 2006 to date

Santo

MHD4

Bull Dozer

19

Beyond repair

since 2000

Malekula

PCD8

Bull Dozer

22

breakdown

Since 1998

Ambae

TCD6

Bull Dozer

22

Breakdown

2004 to date

6 000

Vila

SICT20G453

Cargo Truck

Good

51 780

Santo

SICT19G452

Cargo Truck

breakdown

Dec05 to date

Efate

SNCT21G360

Crane Truck

breakdown

Jan06 to date

Efate

SCCT22G598

Crane Truck

breakdown

Beyond repair

Santo

MJB4

Loader Back Hoe

Malekula

TWB5

Loader Back Hoe

Good

dec 05 to date

200 000

Tanna

STB2

Loader Back Hoe

Good

Efate

SJB3

Loader Back Hoe

breakdown

N0v.05 to date06

35 975

Santo

SKB1

Loader Back Hoe

Operational

8wks

Efate

PJB8

Loader Back Hoe

breakdown

Jan06 to date

Ambae

MJB4

Loader Back Hoe

20

Fair

Malekula

Waiting for parts

Waiting to be used at workshop yard

TJB6

Loader Back Hoe

20

Beyond repair

Tanna

Sold by tender

Type

Age

Period of
Breakdown

Condition

0,09 Excellent

Comment

Ripper bolts
waiting parts
Waiting spare parts
currently repairing the equipment
Reassembling engine
waiting to run test engine
Tender process
waiting for parts
Waiting repair
Palikolo road works
Waiting spare parts
Still waiting for Parts & Funds
Tender process
Shutdown not in use
Parts wait shipment Vila /Tanna
Collecting rubbish (municipal)
Waiting for parts
Under repair

MNHG7

Motor Grader

Excellent

Malekula

On Road works

SKG2

Motor Grader

Good

N-Epi

SMG4

Motor Grader

Fair

29 630

Santo

Mobil unit on road works

Hydraulic problem

SKG1

Motor Grader

Good

Efate

PCG9

Motor Grader

Good

Ambae

TMG8

Motor Grader

10

Good

20 000

Tanna

SAG3

Motor Grader

17

Good

Efate

MAG6

Motor Grader

18

Good

315 000

Malekula

PAG10

Motor Grader

20

breakdown

Since 2005

Ambae

TAG11

Motor Grader

20

Beyond repair

Ambae

SCG5

31

Good

100 642

Santo

ATP1G652

Motor Grader
Pickup Truck

0,01 Excellent

Vila

STP19G638

Pickup Truck

0,02 excellent

Santo

ATP2G627

Pickup Truck

0,05 Excellent

Ambae

ATP2G761

Pickup Truck

0,05 Excellent

H.Office

MMIP24G596

Pickup Truck

Excellent

27

Malekula

TMIP28G597

Pickup Truck

excellent

Tanna

TTP27G577

Pickup Truck

excellent

Tanna

STP10G458

Pickup Truck

Good

South Epi

SHP18G459

Pickup Truck

breakdown

30/04/06 to date

Santo

TTP26G435

Pickup Truck

Fair

63 000

STP14G249

Pickup Truck

Good

11200

Santo

STP16G357

Pickup Truck

breakdown

24/04/06 to date

Santo

SMIP8G390

Pickup Truck

Good

Efate

TTP32G395

Pickup Truck

Ok

Sola

STP15G355

Pickup Truck

Breakdown

113 950

Santo

working
Road works west Ambae, weld hyd
pipe
Green hill road Clearance road verges
Waiting gear box & to be transferred
road works with out brakes
Waiting motor seal
Under write off process
Fanafo road works
Admin project unit
Carrying out Administrative work
Admin duties
Admin duties
Project s Admins
Admin activities
Admin activities
Mobil unit road activities
Waiting tender board of survey
Road works green hill
UBS works
Under repair wait parts
Housing operation / Mobil unit
Administration activities
Waiting parts

SNP9G359

Pickup Truck

Good

Efate

Administration duties

MTP23G389

Pickup Truck

Good

15 000

Malekula

MTP22G388

Pickup Truck

Good

12 000

Malekula

Road works
Workshop activities

STP17G539

Pickup Truck

fair

Santo

TTP25G472

Pickup Truck

Good

16 000

Tanna

STP7G258

Pickup Truck

operation

Efate

MTP22G472

Pickup Truck

Good

Malekula

STC13G9

Pickup Truck

breakdown

Santo

PTP30G485

Pickup Truck

Good

Ambae

PMIP29G315

Pickup Truck

Beyond repair

Sept 2005 to date

Ambae

AMAP3G486

Pickup Truck

Good

Efate

STC12G147

Pickup Truck

Beyond repair

Santo

ATP4G530

Pickup Truck

breakdown

Efate

STP6G233

Pickup Truck

Good

N-Epi

STP11G655

Pickup Truck

10

Beyond repair

Santo

TDP31G116

Pickup Truck

13

Beyond repair

Since 2003 to date

Gaua

MTP20G653

Pickup Truck

13

breakdown

28.3.06

95 000

Malekula

SDP5G164

Pickup Truck

13

Good

Efate

SMBST28G

Septic Truck

breakdown

Santo

SNT8G361

Tipper Truck

Good

Efate

PMT15G252

Tipper Truck

Breakdown

09-mars-06

Ambae

SIT7G380

Tipper Truck

10

Good

158 940

Santo

SHT5G543

Tipper Truck

10

Good

28 000

Torba

SIT6G379

Tipper Truck

10

Good

86 460

Santo

SHT3G540

Tipper Truck

10

Good

Santo

Matantas, Sara roads works

On road loading quarry

SHT4G813

Tipper Truck

10

Good

70 000

Efate

Assisting with municipal

Road maintenance works E/Santo

Workshop activities
Airport road work
Administration works
Water operation
Roads activities
tender process
lab Activity
Waiting tender process
Waiting funds
Mobil unit
Waiting tender process
Waiting tender board
Waiting funds
Shut down
Waiting for parts
With Tanoliu bridge
Require new clutch plate
Matantas, Sara roads works
With road works

TKT18G682

Tipper Truck

10

Fair

2005 to date

Torba

Being repaired

PHT14G543

Tipper Truck

11

Good

Ambae

MBT9TG605

Tipper Truck

11

Fair

Malekula

Transfer to Santo
water truck no driver

MTT18G205

Tipper Truck

11

Ok

23 000

Malekula

MTT8G206

Tipper Truck

11

Good

18 000

Malekula

TTT12G552

Tipper Truck

12

Good

10 000

Tanna

TTT13G715

Tipper Truck

12

Good

28 322

Tanna

TTT11G550

Tipper Truck

12

Good

Tanna

SHT4G540

Tipper Truck

12

breakdown

4/4/06to

Santo

PHT9G538

Tipper Truck

12

Fair

TTT10G519

Tipper Truck

12

Good

382 000

Tanna

PMT16G253

Tipper Truck

15

Good

Ambae

PMT17G254

Tipper Truck

22

Good

Ambae

PHTL10

Track Loader

20

Beyond repair

Ambae

SFT4

Tractor

20

Beyond repair

Santo

SFT2

Tractor Septic

20

Breakdown

Efate

SFT1

Tractor Slasher

20

Good

Efate

TFT6

Tractor Slasher

20

breakdown

2003 to date

Tanna

MFT5

Tractor Slasher

20

Good

400 000

Malekula

SFT3

Tractor Slasher

20

fair

2 000

Santo

MDR4

Vibrating Roller

Excellent

Malekula

TDR5

Vibrating Roller

Excellent

Tanna

SAR1

Vibrating Roller

Breakdown

7mths

Efate

PAR6

Vibrating Roller

Ok

5hrs

Pentecost

Compacting road from white to Tafea

coop
Waiting funds
West Ambae road

mars-03

Vibrating Roller

Fair

200 000

Santo

Shipped to Santo to assist on road

Operating without brake

Under repair
transport sand & coral
transport sand & coral
Brake and battery transport sand &
coral
Tipping problem
Fanafo & Sara road works
Fixed gearbox
Require wheel bearing
Require bearing
Tender process
Waiting tender process
Compatible parts use for others
machine
Grass cutting
Waiting steering parts
Welding slasher
To use with road broom
On road compacting

works
SAR2

Vibrating Roller

breakdown

25 260

Santo

SIWT24G451

Water Truck

Good

160 180

Santo

SNWT23G362

Water Truck

Good

Efate

MJL6

Wheel Loader

Excellent

Malekula

STL3

Wheel Loader

Fair

285 850

Santo

TJL7

Wheel Loader

Beyond repair

6hrs

2million

Tanna

PJL9

Wheel Loader

Ok

Ambae

SKL1

Wheel Loader

17

Good

N-Epi

PDL8

Wheel Loader

18

Good

Ambae

SCL4

Wheel Loader

18

Fair

11 520

Santo

TAL11

Wheel Loader

22

Breakdown

2004 to date

Torba

SCL2

Wheel Loader

34

Beyond repair

13yrs

Efate

MCL5

Wheel Loader

34

Fair

Torba

Transmission problem
Distribution of water waiting road
works
CBD road cleaning
Loading quarry
Sara Road works
Being burnt
Road works west Ambae
With road works
Waiting plate, welding Rod
Road works
To fit hydraulic
To re-assemble parts
Santo to shipped to Banks

16.3 Annex : Bibliography

All documents listed below are made available to PWD staff.

16.3.1 in English

Final report. Technical Assistance to the PWD Vanuatu. DHC consultants. 14 pages +
annexes.

EU / VANUATU 2004 JOINT ANNUAL REPORT

Mukesh Gupta. Discussion Paper. Road Rehabilitation & Maintenance Strategy in Solomon
Islands. ILO. 9 pages.

Maintenance of minor roads using the lengthman contractor system. fifth international
conference on low Volume roads, Raleigh North Carolina, 19-23 May 1991. Republished by
world Bank 03/1997. 6 pages

ASIST- Asia Pacific. guidelines for Transport Infrastructure Inventory. Preparation of

Transport Network Analysis. ILO.

Strategy Document for a Labour-based Road Works Programme in Lao PDR.

various pages on www.ruralroads.org

TAFEA REDI Five Year Master Plan

Malampa REDI Five Year Master Plan

2001Vanuatu Infrastructure Masterplan. Development Framework. 02/2002

Maintenance study in the Philippines. Infrastructure for Agricultural Productivity

Enhancement Sector (InfRES) Project. International Labour Organization. March 2006

Technical manual. Labour based road construction methods. Johannessen. 1997. 91 Pages.

Tor Hernes. Ghana Feeder Roads Improvement and Maintenance by Contract. Summary of
Training Needs Survey and Proposal for the Training at Wiawso of Contractors and DFR
Staff. ILO, 1987. 26 pages.

Chris Donnges. RURAL TRANSPORT AND LOCAL GOVERNMENT UNITS. HOW TO

IMPROVE RURAL TRANSPORT FOR THE RURAL POOR? Transport and
Communications Bulletin for Asia and the Pacific No.71, 2001. 10 pages.

MCC. Vanuatu compact Executive summary. March 2006. 6 pages.

A Tractor and Labour based Routine Maintenance System for Unpaved Rural Roads. DDF &
Intech Associates. 06/2003. 17 pages.

INTERNATIONAL ROAD MAINTENANCE HANDBOOK Volumes I IV. First edition

published 1982 under auspices of the United Nations Economic Commission for Africa as
'ROAD MAINTENANCE HANDBOOKS' -3 Volumes).

Maintenance of unpaved roads in wet climates. Fifth International Conference on Low

Volume Roads, Raleigh, North Carolina 19-23 May 1991. JONES, T E and Y
PROMPRASITH. 37 pages.

ORN7 Volume 1. A GUIDE TO BRIDGE INSPECTION AND DATA SYSTEMS FOR

32

DISTRICT ENGINEERS. TRL 5. Overseas Road Notes / Maintenance.

ORN15 GUIDELINES FOR THE DESIGN AND OPERATION OF ROAD MANAGEMENT

SYSTEMS. TRL. Overseas Road Notes

ORN2 MAINTENANCE TECHNIQUES FOR DISTRICT ENGINEERS. TRL. Overseas

Road Notes

ORN1 MAINTENANCE MANAGEMENT FOR DISTRICT ENGINEERS 3rd edition

(2003). TRL Limited. Overseas Road Notes / Maintenance

16.3.2 in French:

Programmes d'infrastructures Haute Intensit de Main-duvre (HIMO). Cours de formation

lusage des PME, des bureaux dtudes et des ingnieurs de l'tat. Une srie de six manuels
de formation sur deux CD-ROM. (version provisoire). Les six manuels de formation sont
uniquement disponibles dans un coffret de deux CD-ROM. Les thmes/secteurs couverts sont
: (1) Construction et entretien de routes non revtues ; (2)Routes paves, voirie et drainage ;
(3) Btiment ; (4) Appels doffres et soumissions ; (5) gestion dentreprise ; (6) Formation des
formateurs. Les manuels sont repartis de la manire suivante sur les CD-ROM : CD-ROM I :
Manuels de formation lusage des stagiaires, et CD-ROM II : Guide du Formateur. Les
manuels de formation comprennent de nombreux graphiques, dessins, transparents,
photographies et exercices.

www.ruralroads.org : routes et rduction de la pauvret, travaux base de main d'oeuvre,

Approche Micro. L'entretien par les communes. http://www.madagascarcontacts.com/himoroutes. Ministre des Travaux Publics de Madagascar. NORAD OIT.

Louis Fernique. Financement de l'entretien routier et gestion des fonds d'entretien routier.
Expos. ENPC, 06/2004. 19 pages.

Document cadre de partenariat France Vanuatu- DCP 2006 2010

5 TRL Limited (Transport Research Laboratory) UK TRL is an independent, internationally recognised centre of
excellence in surface transport issues. For more than 60 years TRL has worked closely with customers in the public,
private and independent sectors of the UK and world-wide. http://www.trl.co.uk

33