SECTION 16320

DISTRIBUTION TRANSFORMER
PART 1 - GENERAL
1.1 RELATED DOCUMENTS
A. Drawings and general provisions of Contract, including General and special Conditions and
Division-1 (General requirements), apply to wor of t!is section.
". General #rovisions for $lectrical %or &ection 1'(1(.
C. %ires and ca)les section 1'1*(
D. +esting and commissioning, section 1',-(
$. &pecification &ection 1--./ 0ounting and 1solation of 0ec!anical and $lectrical &ystems and related
contract drawings, apply to t!is section of t!e wor.
1.2 DESCRIPTION OF WORK
A. %or includes providing all materials, equipment, accessories, services and tests necessary to
complete and mae ready for operation, all wiring devices in accordance wit! drawings and
specifications.
1.3 QUALITY ASSURANCE
A. 0anufacturers2 3irms regularly engaged in t!e manufacture of transformers of t!e types, and
capacities required, w!ose products !ave )een in satisfactory use in similar service for not less t!an
- years and s!all )e of one manufacturer, approved )y t!e a!ramaa, and confirm to t!e requirement
set fort! in t!ese specifications..
". &tandard Compliance2 Comply wit! requirements of applica)le local codes, a!ramaa regulations
latest edition, D1456D$,1$C, $4, 4$C, 4$0A, A4&1, and 1$$$ &tandards, pertaining to primary
switc!gear. #rovide primary switc!gear products and components w!ic! !ave )een 78 listed and
la)eled.
C. 1n case of conflict among t!e referenced standards and codes, t!e more stringent provision will
govern.
1.4 SUBMITTALS
A. #roduct Data2 &u)mit manufacturer9s data for transformer including, si:e enclosures, and electrical
ratings and c!aracteristics.
". &!op Drawings2 &u)mit dimensional layout on arc!itectural )acground drawings of primary
switc!gear, single-line diagram, and outline drawings.
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PART 2 - PRODUCTS
2.1 GENERAL
A. +!e contractor s!all supply, install, commission < test dry cast resin transformer complete wit!
connections, terminations and accessories. +!e cast resin transformer s!all )e designed and
manufactured for continuous indoor operation in a tropical climate on a ; p!ase distri)ution system
wit! solidly eart!ed neutral. 1t s!all )e of a s!ort circuit, impulse and moisture-proof design. +!e case
resin transformer s!all )e designed, manufactured and tested according to t!e latest edition of
1nternational $lectrotec!nical Commission (1$C) &tandard /*'. 1t s!all )e compact and suita)le for
easy installation on site.
". +!e transformer s!all )e designed to operate in an enclosure of t!e protection class 1#*; wit!out
derating.
C. +!e electrical connections to ot!er equipment s!all )e properly coordinated to form a complete
system (s) complying wit! t!is specification.
D. %ors!op drawings s!all )e provided for eac! transformer. +!ese drawings s!all include fully
dimensioned e=ternal and internal general arrangements s!owing all principle dimensions, weig!ts,
foundation5ca)le5)us)ar entry details and t!e positions of all functional devices, sc!ematic drawings
s!owing all windings, met!od of connection, terminal marings, and 1# rating.
$. +ransformers in t!e conte=t of t!is specification s!all comprise assem)lies of a magnetic core,
primary and secondary windings, supporting framewor and enclosure.
7nless ot!erwise specified all terse used s!all comply wit! 1$C /*' and D1456D$ standards
3. +!e design, manufacture, selection, installation, testing, commissioning and su)sequent
maintenance of all equipment and materials descri)ed in t!is specification s!all comply wit! t!e
requirements of, t!e electricity at wor regulations and t!e 1$$ wiring regulations.
%!ere more onerous requirements are specified !erein, t!e conditions of t!is specification s!all tae
precedence.
2.2 DESIGN REQUIREMENTS+
A. CORE CONSTRUCTION
+!e transformer core s!all )e )uilt of lamination, comprising grain orientated silicon s!eet steel
w!ic! is insulated on )ot! sides. +o protect t!e core against corrosion and improve noise levels t!e
core assem)ly s!all )e coated after assem)ly wit! resin )ased paint.
+!e lamination s!all )e clamped at top and )ottom )y steel c!annels, w!ic! are interconnected )y
vertical steel )olts. +!e )ottom steel c!annels s!all )e used to support t!e transformer and t!e top
steel c!annel s!all incorporate lifting lugs.
+!e )ottom core clamping c!annels s!all )e )olted to supporting steel cross-c!annels placed at ,(o
to t!e transformer lengt!, suc! t!at t!e w!ole unit is sta)le and a)le to support t!e w!ole weig!t of
t!e transformer wit! a safety factor of two. %!eels s!all )e fitted to t!e cross-c!annels w!ic! s!all
)e )i-directional or steera)le.
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+!e supporting cross-c!annels s!all )e insulated from t!e core- clamping c!annels )y anti-vi)ration
pads.
+!e core-clamping and supporting steel wor after all forming, drilling and s!aping operations s!all
)e t!oroug!ly digressed and rinsed prior to application of a :inc p!osp!ate primer, rinsed again and
finally coated wit! an oven )aed epo=y paint.
B. COIL CONSTRUCTION
$ac! transformer s!all )e a dou)le wound type wit! )ot! t!e >.6. and 8.6. windings individually
encapsulated in rigid steel mould. +!e coils s!all )e impregnated wit! quart: filled epo=y resin and
cast under vacuum, to produce a smoot! finis! wit!out voids and undulations.
+!e si:e and spacing of t!e conductors used in t!e windings s!all )e suc! t!at t!e coils are self-
supporting prior to impregnation and w!ere applica)le, s!all allow t!e epo=y resin to fill all of t!e
space in and )etween ad?acent layers and turns.
+!e coefficients of e=pansion of t!e windings and epo=y resin s!all not differ )y more t!an 1-@.
+!e windings s!all )e made of copper or aluminum, utili:ing round or rectangular sections, or foil, as
detailed in t!e attac!ed sc!edule(s)
C. MEC,ANICAL FORCED -ENTILATION .AF/
%!ere specified mec!anical forced ventilation s!all )e employed to furt!er cool t!e transformer
windings and t!us increase t!e performance rating during s!ort !ig!ly loaded periods.
+!e cooling system s!all )e automatically controlled )y sensing t!e low voltage top winding
temperature.
+!e system s!all comprise a num)er of single-inlet, single-widt! centrifugal fans, eac! connected to
a disc!arge duct situated directly )elow t!e transformer coils, or a=ial fans, situated to direct t!e air
flow t!roug! t!e coils.
Duct wor s!all )e of s!eet metal construction to D%51.* low pressure classification, or of greater
t!icness to suit manufacturing procedures, or incorporated as part of t!e )ase frame construction if
required.
Ducts s!all !ave disc!arge outlets, protected wit! metal mes! screens to e=clude de)ris, to
correspond wit! core positions on eac! side. $nds s!all )e capped.
3ans s!all !ave spigot inlets, wit! ' mm protective wire guard, and flanges outlets to connect to
mating flanges on t!e air ducts, and ?oint to incorporate a fle=i)le gaset.
3ans s!all )e direct driven )y an internally fitted e=ternal rotor type motor wit! e=tended lu)ricators.
$ac! motor s!all )e supplied from a starter, complying wit! D1456D$ standards and s!all )e !oused
in a purpose-mad ca)inet also accommodating automatic control elements and status indication
lamps.
+!e duty of eac! fan s!all )e identical and selected so t!at t!e total quantity of air delivered is
sufficient to maintain t!e transformer temperature wit!in t!e specified limits.
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3ans s!all )e type tested to D1456D$ &tandards 1mpeller s!all )e mild steel to D1456D$ standards
and of welded construction, s!aft !eig!t mac!ined steel, )earings roller type or sealed for life. 3an
scrolls s!all )e of welded construction.
3or s!aft powers )elow 1% stamped formed strip impellers may )e used provided required
efficiency and )alance grade can )e ac!ieved.
%!ere fan static pressure is less t!an 1pa loc-formed ?oints and spot welds may )e used.
3ans and ductwor s!all !ave a fully protective paint system to t!e same standard as t!e core
construction.
D. INTERTURN INSULATION
>ig! and low voltage coils s!all )e provided wit! very !ig! integrity interturn insulation to Class 3, to
wit!stand t!e t!ermal and mec!anical stresses under t!e specified operating conditions.
E. MOUNTING OF COILS
Coils s!all )e sandwic!es )etween t!e core clamping c!annels )ut separated from t!em )y
insulated support )locs. +!ese )locs s!all )e radially located top and firmly fi=ed to wit!stand
vi)ration and a)sor) coil e=pansions and contractions.
F. INSULATION CLASS
+!e >6 and 8.6 windings s!all )e of insulation class 3 in respect of mec!anical and electrical
strengt! (#artial Disc!arge +est). +!e ma=imum continuous operation temperature s!all )e wit!in
t!e limit of t!e ma=imum system temperature according to 1$C /*' i.e. 1--oC.+!e ma=imum
temrerature rise s!all )e limited to ,(A at -(oC am)ient. +!e transformer s!all operate at !ig!er
am)ient temperature wit! reduced load wit!out getting damaged.
G. DEGREE OF PROTECTION
%!en specified, a transformer enclosure s!all )e designed to suit t!e location and anticipated
environmental conditions. +!is s!all provide a degree of protection not less t!an 1#*; in compliance
wit! 1$C -*,, and s!all comply wit! t!ere $lectricity at wor Begulations.
,. TYPE OF RESIN0 FILLER ETC
+!e particular manufacturer9s insulation system s!all dictate t!e type of resin and filler )ut t!e
following guidelines s!all )e complied wit!.
+!e resin s!all ensure a minimum power frequency )readown stress 1(A65mm w!en tested to 1$C
*.;.
+!e completed cast resin coil s!all )e self e=tinguis!ing in t!e event of fire. +!e testing met!od s!all
comply wit! 1$C, D1456D$ standards. +ype test certificates are required to confirm t!e a)ove.
2.3 PERFORMANCE
A. GENERAL
+!e transformers s!all comply wit! t!e requirements of 1$C /*' in respect of partial disc!arge,
impulse wit!stand s!ort circuit strengt!.
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B. RATED -OLTAGE
7nless ot!erwise specified t!e rated voltage class of t!e primary windings s!all )e 11A6 and
secondary windings (..;; A6, at a frequency of -(>:. +!e windings s!all )e connected for vector
group DCn 11.
C. T,ERMAL RATING
+ransformers s!all )e designed and manufactured to operate continuously at t!e nameplate rating,
in an am)ient temperature not e=ceeding -(
o
C and B> not e=ceeding 1((@, unless ot!erwise
specified.
+!e manufacturer s!all confirm any de-rating necessary, s!ould t!e transformers )e required to
operate in conditions e=ceeding t!ose specified.
+ransformers w!ic! are mec!anically cooled s!all !ave in increased t!ermal rang not less t!an .(@
of t!e name plate rating.
D. LOSSES
8osses at no-load and loaded conditions s!all )e t!e lowest ac!ieva)le for t!e transformer type
specified. +!ese losses s!all )e stated in t!e sc!edule(s) w!ic! accompany t!is &pecification.
E. NOISE LE-ELS
+!e manufacturer s!all confirm t!e guaranteed noise levels, 0easurement of sound levels s!all
comply wit! 1$C #u)lication --1. +!e transformer s!all )e provided wit! noise reduction support
)locs in order to reduce noise level.
F. ELECTROMAGNETIC COMPATIBILITY
Badiation of electromagnetic signals s!all not e=ceed t!e limits of "& D(( and "& '''/.
%!ere transformers may )e vulnera)le to voltage transients, t!ey s!all )e protected )y surge
suppressor, w!ic! will reduce transients )elow t!e levels of t!e type tests.
2.4 ,ANDLING FACILITIES

A. LIFTING
+ransformers s!all )e provided wit! permanently fitted lifting lugs or eye )olts to facilitate !andling
)y crane or !oist.
+ransformers s!all )e equipped wit! ?acing points to facilitate t!e removal and or insulation pads.
+!e )ottom supporting steel wor s!all )e fitted wit! !oles or !ave lugs attac!ed for t!e attac!ment
of !auling apparatus.
B. FRAME W,EELS
+ransformers s!all )e designed for floor mounting and )e provided wit! remova)le )i-directional or
steera)le rollers.
+!e rollers s!all )e loca)le or means provided to prevent movement of t!e transformers after
installation.
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2.1 CONNECTION FACILITIES
A. CONNECTION MET,ODS
Connection met!ods s!all comply wit! 1$C /'-.. #rovision s!all )e made )y t!e manufacturer for
t!e mounting and connection of ca)le )o=es and5or )us)ars as specified for t!e >6 and 86
conductor connections.
%!ere >6 and 86 ca)le )o=es and5or )us)ars are specified t!ese s!all generally )e arranged on
opposite sides of t!e transformer. >owever e=act positions s!all suit t!e specified requirements of
eac! individual situation.
86 ca)le terminations s!all )e ept separate from t!e >6 ca)le connections and insulated to t!e
specified voltage and a)le to wit!stand t!e specified s!ort circuit currents.
All >6 coil interconnections s!all )e insulated for t!e specified voltage, and a)le to wit!stand t!e
specified s!ort circuit currents.
An eart!ing terminal s!all )e provide at a convenient point on t!e supporting steel wor. All steel
wor s!all )e )onded to t!e eart!ing terminal if it is not electrically continuous. #rovision s!all )e
made for maing an eart! connection to t!e neutral of t!e 86 windings, s!ould t!is )e required.
B. TERMINAL MARKINGS
>6 and 86 winding terminals s!all )e clearly mared wit! c!aracters in accordance wit! 1$C /'-..
+!e c!aracters s!all )e stamped or engraved on securely fi=ed, dura)le and non-corrodi)le plates.
2.6 TAP C,ANGING FACILITIES
A. TAP CONNECTIONS AND LINKS
$ac! transformer s!all )e provided wit! tapping on t!e >6 winding to cater for supply voltage
variations in t!e range E*.-@ and E -@ in compliance wit! 1$C /'-..
+ap c!anging s!all )e effected )y off-circuit tapping lins.
A visi)le warning notice s!all )e fi=ed ad?acent to t!e tapping lins and worded as follows2
F %AB414G - G33 8GAD +A# C>A4G14G 814A& - 1&G8A+$
>6 A4D 86 &7##81$& +G +BA4&3GB0$B "$3GB$ G#$BA+1G4F
2.2 T,ERMAL PROTECTION
$ac! transformer s!all )e provided wit! a system of t!ermal protection and temperature monitoring.
+emperature sensing t!ermistors s!all )e mounted in eac! 86 coil as close as practica)le to its !ot
spot. +!e t!ermistors s!all )e wired )ac to an electronic controller fitted on t!e transformer.
+!e t!ermistors s!all )e used to indicate winding temperature, and provide alarm and trip
indications, and to operate forced cooling fans and trip >6 circuit )reaers w!ere specified. 6olt-
free contacts s!all )e provided for relaying signals to remote equipment.
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%iring from t!e t!ermistors to t!e temperature controller s!all )e carried out wit! single core copper
ca)les to D1456D$ standards wit! 8$3 insulation. Ca)les s!all )e contained in galvani:ed steel
conduit supported from t!e transformer steel wor.
+!e temperatures at w!ic! t!e cooling fans s!all )e switc!ed on and off s!all )e ad?usta)le wit!in
preset limits.
+!e power supply for t!e cooling fans s!all )e provided from t!e particular transformer via a suita)ly
fused switc!. +!is switc! s!all )ear t!e inscription in yellow letters on a )lac )acground2
F %AB414G - &7##8C 3GB +BA4&3GB0$B CGG814G 3A4& -
DG 4G+ &%1+C> G33F
+!e starter assem)ly for t!e cooling fans s!all comply wit! t!is &pecification. A warning la)el s!all )e
fi=ed ad?acent to t!e main isolating switc! )earing t!e inscription2
F%AB414G - &7##8C 3GB +BA4&3GB0$B CGG814G 3A4& -
DG 4G+ &%1+C> G33F
2.3 RATING PLATES
Bating plates s!all )e fitted complying wit! 1$C /*'.
2.4 TESTING INSPECTION AND COMMISSIONING
+!e tests to )e carried out in accordance to 1$C /*' and a!ramaa requirements. +est report s!all
)e provided as dictated )y a!ramaa and s!all include )ut not necessarily )e limited to 2
A. 6isual and 0ec!anical 1nspection
1. 1nspect p!ysical and mec!anical condition including evidence of moisture and
corona.
*. 1nspect anc!orage, alignment, and grounding.
;. #rior to cleaning t!e unit, perform as-found tests, if required.
.. Clean t!e unit.
-. 6erify t!at control and alarm settings on temperature indicators are as
specified.
'. 6erify t!at cooling fans operate.
/. 1nspect )olted electrical connections for !ig! resistance using one of t!e
following met!ods2
- 7se of low-resistance o!mmeter
- 6erify tig!tness of accessi)le )olted electrical connections )y cali)rated torque-wrenc!
met!od .
- #erform t!ermograp!ic survey .
D. #erform specific inspections and mec!anical tests as recommended )y
manufacturer.
,. #erform as-left tests.
1(. 6erify t!at as-left tap connections are as specified.
11. 6erify t!e presence of surge arresters.
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". $lectrical +ests
1. #erform resistance measurements t!roug! )olted connections wit! a low-
resistance o!mmeter.
*. #erform insulation-resistance tests winding and eac! winding ground wit! test
voltage. Calculate polari:ation inde=.
;. #erform power-factor or dissipation-factor tests in accordance wit! t!e test
equipment manufacturer9s pu)lis!ed data.
.. #erform a power-factor or dissipation-factor tip-up test.
-. #erform turns-ratio tests at t!e designated tap position.
'. #erform an e=citation-current test on eac! p!ase.
/. 0easure t!e resistance of eac! winding at t!e designated position.
D. 0easure core insulation-resistance at -(( volts dc if core is insulated and if t!e
core ground strap is remova)le.
,. #erform an over potential test on all !ig!- and low-voltage windings-to-ground.
&ee A4&151$$$ C-/.1*.,1, &ections 1(.* and 1(.,.
1(. 6erify correct secondary voltage p!ase and p!ase neutral after energi:ation and
prior to loading.
C. +est 6alues
1. Compare )olted connection resistances to values of similar connections.
*. "olt-torque levels s!ould )e in accordance wit! +a)le 1(.1* unless ot!erwise
specified )y manufacturer.
;. 0icro!m or millivolt drop values s!all not e=ceed t!e !ig! levels of t!e normal
range as indicated in t!e manufacturer9s pu)lis!ed data. 1f manufacturer9s data is not availa)le,
investigate any values w!ic! deviate from similar connections )y more t!an -( percent of t!e
lowest value.
.. 1nsulation-resistance test values at one minute s!ould )e in accordance wit! +a)le
1(.-.
-. +!e polari:ation inde= s!all )e compared to previously o)tained results and
s!ould not )e less t!an 1.(.
'. +urns-ratio test results s!ould not deviate more t!an one !alf percent from eit!er
t!e ad?acent coils or t!e calculated ratio.
/. C> and C8 power-factor or dissipation-factor values will vary due to support
insulators and )us wor utili:ed on dry transformers. +!e following s!ould )e e=pected on C>8
power factors2
Distri)ution transformers2 -.( percent or less
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Consult transformer manufacturer9s or test equipment manufacturer9s data for additional
information.
D. +ip-up test watts loss values s!ould indicate no significant increase in power
factor.
,. +emperature corrected winding-resistance test results s!ould compare wit!in
one percent of previously o)tained results.
1(. +ypical e=citation current test data pattern for t!ree-legged core transformer is
two similar current readings and one lower current reading.
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11. Core insulation-resistance values s!ould )e compara)le to previously o)tained
results )ut not less t!an one mego!m at -(( volts dc.
1*. AC overpotential test s!all not e=ceed '- percent of factory test voltage for one
minute duration.
DC overpotential test s!all not e=ceed 1(( percent of t!e ac rms test voltage specified in
A4&1 C-/.1*.,1, &ection 1(.* for one minute duration. +!e insulation s!ould wit!stand t!e
overpotential test voltage applied.
D. (iv). &1+$ +$&+&
All site tests s!all )e carried out in accordance wit! t!is &pecification.
After delivery to site eac! transformer s!all )e inspected in t!e presence of t!e Gwner9s
consultant, prior to installation.
After installation on properly prepared foundations eac! transformer s!all )e tested and
inspected in t!e presence of t!e Gwner9s consultant.
+!e >6 and 86 winding connections s!all )e demonstrated as providing t!e specified polarity
and p!ase rotation and tap connections.
+!e >6 and 86 windings s!all )e tested for continuity and insulation resistance wit! a 1(((v
insulation tester. +!e insulation resistance )etween ad?acent windings s!all not )e less t!an
1(( 0 o!m.
After t!e >6 windings are energi:ed, it s!all )e demonstrated t!at t!e voltage and p!ase
rotation at t!e 86 terminals are as specified.
2.10 PARTICULAR REQUIREMENT - ACCESS
+!e specified transformers are located as indicated on t!e drawings.
+!is places restrictions on t!e transformers9 p!ysical dimensions in case it is necessary to
remove5replace a transformer once t!e installation is !anded over and in use.
+!e Contractor s!all demonstrate to t!e Gwner9s consultant t!at t!e manufacturer9s transformer
type selected could )e removed5replaced (wit!out incurring )uilders wor) wit! access t!roug! t!e
proposed location .
1f required )y t!e Gwner9s consultant, detailed dimensioned drawings proving removal5replacement
is practical s!all )e provided.
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2.11 TEC,NICAL REQUIREMENTS
>6 &upply system
. 4um)er of p!ases
. &ystem neutral
. 3ault level (nominal design)
86 &upply system
. 4o-load voltage
. 4um)er of p!ases
. &ystem neutral
. Bating
&upply frequency (>H)
>6 winding connection
86 winding connection
6ector group reference
1mpedance at /-
o
C
>6 +apping (@ of no-loads volts)
0et!od of cooling
&econdary voltage at2
. 3ull 8oad
. 4o 8oad
Bated 6oltage
>6 1nsulation level
. 1mpulse A6 pea
. #ower frequency (A6 B0&)
#aint finis! color
>6 conductor and type
86 conductor and type
1ndoor or outdoor
1nstallation5space limitations
coil material (>6)
coil material (86)
11(((6
; p!ase
4ot Applica)le
-(( 06A
.;; 6
; #!ase
. %ire
1((( A.6.A.
-( >H
D$8+A
&+AB
DCn 11
'@
E *.-@ E-@
4atural E 3orced ventilation for .(@ e=tra
rating.
.1- 6
.;; 6
11(((6 .;;5*-(6
1*A6 1.1A6
/-"18 -
*DA6 ;A6
0anufacturer &tandard
+op entry I8#$ ca)les
+op entry "usway
1ndoor - refer to layout
Drawing
Aluminium or copper
Copper
2.12 ACCEPTABLE MANUFACTURER
R*(*" T% !5* 6S75*8$9* %( P"*(*""*8 E9*7!"i7'9 M'&$('7!$"*" : S$;;9i*"6.
END OF SECTION 16320
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