1. Answer : WAN ( Wide Area Network ) is computer network that covers a broad area (i.e.

,
any telecommunications network that links across metropolitan, regional, or national boundaries)
using private or public network transports) t covers a much wider geographic area, has less
speed usually ( since it can contain several slow or !ast "ANs and or public networks that their
speed is not guaranteed )
#$ample o! a "AN is a network inside a company, while the most common e$ample o! WAN
is the nternet itsel!.
%. Answer: & #
'. Answer: (
). Answer: A #
*. Answer: A &
+. Answer : ,tatic route is a manually set !i$ed route towards a given destination. t is used to
know a destination at any given time ( e.g. in case o! an outage , i! no dynamics are available we
will have at least one destination via static route temporarily )
-outer(con!ig) . ip route 1/.1/.%/./ %**.%**.%**./ 10%.1+1.1//.1
1. Answer :
,tatic routing: ,tatic routing is the simplest !orm o! routing, but it is a manual process.
We use static routing when you have very !ew devices to con!igure (2*) and when you know the
routes will probably never change.
,tatic routing also does not handle !ailures in e$ternal networks well because any route that is
con!igured manually must be updated or recon!igured manually to !i$ or repair any lost
connectivity.
3ynamic -outing : A router using dynamic routing will 4learn4 the routes to all networks that
are directly connected to the device. Ne$t, the router will learn routes !rom other routers that run
the same routing protocol. #ach router will then sort through it4s list o! routes and select one or
more 4best4 routes !or each network destination the router knows or has learned.
3ynamic routing protocols will then distribute this 4best route4 in!ormation to other routers
running the same routing protocol, thereby e$tending the in!ormation on what networks e$ist and
can be reached. 5his gives dynamic routing protocols the ability to adapt to logical network
topology changes, e6uipment !ailures or network outages 4on the !ly4.
7. Answer :
NA5 has to do with a de!inition o! an inside network and an outside network towards a given
gateway. "ocal 8s are translated to global 8s !or access to the outside world, using a relation
9m to n: (dynamic NA5: m;n) or 1 to 1 (static NA5). "ocal 8s are seen in the inside net, while
<lobal 8s in the outside one.
NA5 is mainly used by companies to:
1. Allocate more 8s (m) in their internal "AN and represent them with less e$ternal 8s (n)
towards the outside world ( e.g. nternet )
%. =ide the internal allocation o! the 8s and the roles to the outside world
8A5
>sed to map multiple ? 8s !rom the inside network to one 8 ( or at least !ewer than ? ) using
uni6ue port number to identi!y each session, to conserve 8 addresses.
8A5 is used in home networks where a (omputer ? that has internet access uses port ?? o! the
user@s 8 , while (omputer A that is an email server uses port AA o! the same 8 address.
0. Answer :
,ymmetric ( ,3," ) in the one that provides the same bandwidth !or downstream and
upstream. t is mainly used !or live session or o!!ice connectivity where data sent and received
are e6ually important.
Asymmetric (A3," ) is the one most commonly used in homes, where the user has a limited
upstream bandwidth and a considerable larger downstream, since he cares more !or ac6uiring
data over the net.
1/. Answer: & #
#$planation
&oth inside Bast#thernet inter!aces can use only one outside inter!ace to go to the nternet C; A
is not correct.
3DE devices use 8 addresses in the range o! 1%7.1/1.1.1%7F%* which are public 8 addresses so
they don@t need address translation to access the nternet C; & is correct.
5he !a/F1 inter!ace@s 8 address is 1%7.1/1.1.%*) %**.%**.%**.1%7 (range !rom 1%7.1/1.1.1%7 to
1%7.1/1.1.%**) while the 8 address o! s/F/ is 1%7.1/1.1.1 %**.%**.%**.%*% (ranges !rom
1%7.1/1.1./ to 1%7.1/1.1.)) so they are not overlapped with each other C; ( is not correct.
3DE devices are in the range o! 1%7.1/1.1.1%7F%* (!rom 1%7.1/1.1.1%7 to 1%7.1/1.1.%**) and
!a/F1 8 address (1%7.1/1.1.%*)) is a valid 8 address on this subnet C; 3 is not correct.
3DE devices (and other internal hosts) are using dynamic 8A5, which is a type o! dynamic
NA5. With dynamic NA5, translations do not e$ist in the NA5 table until the router receives
tra!!ic that re6uires translation. n other words, i! 3DE devices communicate with outside hosts
!irst, dynamic translation works !ine. &ut i! outside hosts communicate with 3DE devices !irst,
no translation is created in NA5 table and the packets will be dropped. 5his is the reason why
9nternet hosts may not initiate connections to 3DE 3evices through the con!iguration that is
shown: C; # is correct.