1

StyleSheetforAuthors
Topic:TheWashingtonandJeffersonCollegeReview

Couldyouformatyourelectronicfileascloselyaspossibletothisstylesheetafteryoufinishyourfinal
revisions?Ingeneral,weusetheChicagoManualofStyle,15thedition.

SPELLINGANDPUNCTUATION

Apostrophesforpossessives.Addapostrophestosingularnouns(evenifitalreadyendsins)unlessyou
arequotingorencounteringoneofChicagosfewexceptions(7.1723).Examples:Collinss,
Dickenss,Reess,Philipss;anexception:theUnitedStatespolicies.
Commasafterintroductorywords,phrases,orclauses.Usethemconsistently(Chicago6.25allowsyou
moreslackthanwedo):Ifyouaredoubtaboutwhethertousetheendashorthehyphen,consult
thestylemanualandOnTuesday,heateonlycake.Britishusagetendstoomitthesecommas.
Commasandsequences.Useaserialcommaconsistentlyafteraconjunction(Chicago6.19):Saveus
fromtheworld,theflesh,andthedevil.
Contractions.Spellthemoutunlesstheyappearinaquotations(cannot,willnot,shouldnotrather
thancant,wont,shouldnt).
Dashes.Dashesusedtoseparatephrasesmustbetypedastwohyphensflushagainstthewords
(Finneytheman,notthegooseregardedmebalefully).MicrosoftWordmaychangethese
automaticallytoemdashes(Finneytheman,notthegooseregardedmebalefully).Thatis
fine.
Ellipsis.Ifconvenient,usethreespaceddots...insteadoftheellipsissymbolunderInsert/Symbol.
Wewillensuretheydonotbreakoveraline.
Hyphenated,open,orclosed?CheckahardcovercollegiatedictionaryorMerriamWebsterOnline
(http://www.mw.com)ifindoubtwhetheracompoundiscurrentlyhyphenated,open(two
words),orclosed(oneword).Ifitisnotinthedictionary,thenitisopen.Afewcommon
examples:postcolonial(closed),crossdressed(hyphenated).
Hyphens.Usethistolinknounsandmodifiersbeforethenoun(lowerclassculturalproduct,upper
classmanners,wellreadperson,eighteenthcenturytextsbutnotafterthenoun(novelsin
theeighteenthcenturyorapersonoftheupperclass).Donotusewithlyadverbs(highly
regardednovel).
Italics.Useitalics,notunderlining,ifpossible.Italicizewordsusedaswords(Inlocalparlance,cool
oftenmeansverygood.)Thewordsicisitalicized,butforeignwordsincommonusagearerarely
italicized.CheckarecentEnglishdictionary:ifthewordisthere,itisunlikelytobeitalicized.
Names&initials.Givethefullnameofauthorsandpersonsonthefirstappearanceofthename.For
thosebetterknowsbyinitials,insertaspacebetweeneachletter:J.G.A.PocockandJ.K.
Rowling.
2

Spaces.Onespaceafterendpunctuation(period,questionmark,exclamationmark)isnice,butwhether
yougowithoneortwoisnobigdeal.Wefixitatourend.
Spelling.UseAmericanspelling:colorratherthancolourorrecognizeratherthanrecognise.If
youcannotgetyoursoftwaresspellcheckertocooperate,sendusanoteandwewillhandleit.
Carefulwhenspellcheckingquotationssticktotheoriginalspellinginthem.
Quotationmarks.FollowAmericanstyle(periodsandcommasgoinsidedoublequotationmarks;colons,
semicolons,andnotenumbersgooutside):
industriousness,industriousness.
3
industriousness;
Butnotethatallpunctuationgoesafteraparentheticalreference:
Rememberthattoforgive[is]Divine(Pope525).
Rememberthattoforgive[is]Divine(Pope525).
2

TIME&NUMBERS

Days.Unlesstheyoccurwithinaquotation,presentasnumbermonthyear(10March1792,
3January1722/3)ormonthyear(March1792).
Months.Spelloutinfull.
Years.Writeoutinfull(1789andthe1780s,not89andthe80s).
Decades.Usesimpleplurals,notpossessives(the1660s,notthe1660s).
Centuries.Spelloutinfull(theeighteenthcenturyandnineteenthcenturysentiments,notthe18th
centuryand19thcenturysentiments).

Citations.Forcitingpageorlinenumbers,showonlydigitsthatchange(forexample,78,2003,4524,
225307).
Textualdivisions.Usenumbers(chapter1,act3,andvolume5)eveniftheoriginaltextuses
wordsorRomannumerals.Ifyouareusingintextreferences,dividevolumefrompagenumbers
withacolon(2:3)andactfromscene/linenumberswithaperiod(3.4.3345).Nospaces,no
romannumeralsexceptforprefatorymaterialinabook.
Currency.Usenumeralswithsymbols($435,10/3d,11/);alsousenumeralswithroundedorlarge,
generalamounts(3billiondollars).Ifyouareoftenmentioningspecificamountsofmoney,gowith
symbolsandnumeralsallthetime(10,3gns).Ifyouhaveonlyafewreferencestosmallor
generalamounts,gowithwords(tenpounds,threeshillings,fivedollars).
Numbersornumerals?Spelloutiftheyfitintooneortwowords;otherwise,usenumerals.Forexample:
three,onehundred,twentyfirstbirthday,fifthattempt,but351,4545,1001stattempt.

3

DOCUMENTATION

Notenumbers.Donotleaveaspacebetweentheendofasentenceorphraseandthesuperscripted
note.Good:text.
1
Bad:text.
2
(Theextraspacecauseshavocinpagelayout.)
Style.Wewillbegoingwithnotes(N)attheendofeacharticlewithnobibliography.Forformatting,
consultChicago16.10,Chicagochapter17,andthischeatsheet(adaptedfromonecreatedby
KevinCopeofLouisianaStateUniversity),whichcoversmostcommonsituations.
Essayinacollection
1.KevinL.CopeandBarneyCousteau,BlimpicStructuralities:HotAirBalloons,Whale
Watching,andtheEcoOrbsofObservation,inRoundWorld,DeepSea,ed.Zecharias
Montgolfier(Cambridge:MassachusettsInstituteofAeronauticsPress,2004),25.
Journalarticle
2.KevinL.Cope,PluckingtheThebanEagle:CockCriesinPurdue'sCombiad,Poultry
Studies4,no.3(1993):656,56n16.[Note:theissuenumbermaybeomittedinthrough
numberedvolumesbutfeelfreetokeepitin.]
Monograph
3.JosephBlow,ToSaveaTurnpike:MyLifeintheNewJerseyNationalGuard,4thed.
(Newark:UniversityofConcretePress,1998),333.
Workinamultivolumeset
4.B.E.D.Spring,BeautyRest,inCompleteWorks,ed.WilliamSealy,rev.ed.(Springfield:
PosturepedicPress,2007),8:333.
ShortFormsforSubsequentReferences.Donotitalicizeibid.Op.cit.andloc.cit.arenottobeused
instead,repeattheauthorssurnameandtheshorttitle.Forexamples,seeChicago16.42,16.47,
and16.50andthefollowing:
1.KevinL.Cope,PluckingtheThebanEagle:CockCriesinPurdue'sCombiad,Poultry
Studies4,no.3(1993):68.
2.Ibid.
3.Ibid.,2030.
4.JosephBlow,ToSaveaTurnpike:MyLifeintheNewJerseyNationalGuard,4thed.
(Newark:UniversityofConcretePress,1998),333.
5.Cope,PluckingtheThebanEagle,66.
6.B.E.D.Spring,BeautyRest,inCompleteWorks,ed.WilliamSealy,rev.ed.(Springfield:
PosturepedicPress,2007),8:333.Foracontrastingview,seeBlow,ToSaveaTurnpike,24460.
GeographicalReferences.Keepgeographicalreferencestoaminimum.Exceptincasesofextreme
ambiguity,omitstatesorcountries.Citeonlythefirstorprincipalplaceofpublication.
InTextCitations.Ifyouhaveaprimarytextfromwhichyouquotefrequently,parentheticalreferences
inthetextmaybemoreusablethanalongsequenceofibids.Thefirstreferencegoesinthenote;
therestwillbeinthetext.
4

SPECIALREQUESTS

Acknowledgements.Putanycreditsintoanoteappendedtothefinalsentenceoftheessay.
Articletitleandsectiontitles.Thinkaboutincludingtherightsearchkeywordsasyoudesignyourarticle
title.Makesectiontitlesparallelandthesectionsaboutthesamelength.Nonotesinanytitles.
Block/setoff/insetquotations.Sincethedesktoppublishingprocessremovesyourindentations,
replacingthemwithours,pleasetypethewordBLOCKonthelineabovethequotationandENDon
thelineaftersowecanfindthem.DonotfaketheindentationswithlotsofTABSandRETURNS(we
havetotakethemallout);leavethemarginatthedefault.Wewillassumenonewparagraph
startingdirectlyafterablockquotation;indicateotherwisebytypingthewordTABatthestartof
suchaparagraph(oranyotherplacethatneedssuchanindicator).
Images.Imagesshouldbesentasb/wphotosorasdigitalgrayscalejpg,bmp,ortifffiles,ideally1250
pixelswide.Ifofferedthechoiceofimagequalitywhensaving,choose10orhigh.Indicate
clearlywheretheimageshouldgointhetext(preferablybyreferringdirectlytotheimageinthe
text),andprovidewordingforcaptions(whichmustincludecredits)inaseparatefile.
Preparingthefile.Placethecontentinthisorder:titleofessayauthorsfullnametextofessaywith
notesaffiliation(schoolandcity/stateor,ifyouprefer,justcity/state).Namethefilewithyour
ownsurnameandthewordfinal(Jonesfinal.doc).Ifpossible,convertfootnotestoendnotes(if
youdonotknowhowtodothis,donotworrywewilltakecareofitforyou).
Delivery.Emailasanattachmenttoltroost@washjeff.eduortopic@washjeff.edu(theycometothe
sameinbox).YouwillreceivePDFpageproofsandthepublishingagreementwhenwegetcloserto
publication.

SOMEFINALCHECKSBEFORESUBMITTINGYOUREDITEDFILE

Didyouobtainpermissiontoquotefrommanuscriptmaterialorreproduceimages,anddidyou
sendusacopyofyourclearances?Topicisnotabletoreimburseyouforanyfeespaid.
Didyouproperlyandaccuratelydocumentallquotedandparaphrasedmaterial,checking
names,titles,dates,text,andpagenumbersagainstoriginalsorphotocopies?
Didyoucheckthateveryquotationandsourceisdocumentedwithanote?
Didyouexplainyourtermsandkeepjargontoaminimum?
Didyoustateyourthesisclearlyandwithinthefirst10percentofyouressay?Youcannever
makeittooobvious.
Doesyourtitlecontainthekeywordsyouwantdatabasesearcherstofind?Thecutequotation
inatitledoesnotreallyhelpthinkaboutdroppingit.
Didyourunthespellcheckeronelasttimeanddoonefinalproofreadingonpaper?