1

CERTIFICATE


This is to certify that Siddhant Sethi of class XII D has worked under my
supervision on the project THE ASSAY OF ASPIRIN in chemistry
laboratory and completed it to my total satisfaction.
















Date: (Mr. R Choudhary)

2
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

It gives me immense pleasure to express my deep sense of gratitude
towards my eminent chemistry teacher Mr. Rajeev Chaudhary who has
always been there as guiding spirit behind the successful completion of
the project.

I am also grateful to our Lab Assistant Mr. MP Singh for his valuable
guidance and encouragement throughout the course and preparation of
this project.










(Siddhant Sethi)

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INDEX
S.No. TOPIC PAGE
1.) AIM 4
2.) INTRODUCTION 5
3.) INDUSTRIAL SYNTHESIS 6
4.) TITRATION 8
5.) REQUIREMENTS 9
6.) PROCEDURE 10
7.) OBSERVATIONS 11
8.) CONCLUSION 12
9.) PHOTO GALLERY 13
10.) BIBLIOGRAPHY 15









4
AIM

IN THIS EXPERIMENT OUR AIM IS TO RUN A TITRATION TO DETERMINE
THE AMOUNT OF ASPIRIN (ACETYL SALICYLIC ACID) PRESENT IN AN
ASPIRIN TABLET.












5
INTRODUCTION

Aspirin is a salicylate drug, often used as analgesic to relieve minor aches
and pains, as an antipyretic to reduce fever, and as an anti-
inflammatory medication. Sustained Release dosage form also acts as a
blood thinner and is indicated in cardiac patients.
The aspirin will be titrated against a standard solution of base, 0.100 M
NaOH. Base will be dispensed from a burette into a beaker containing the
dissolved (in ethanol) acid and phenolphthalein indicator, which will show
a faint pink color in basic solutions. In addition to containing
acetylsalicylic acid, any aspirin tablet also contains pharmaceutical aids
like binding agent, disintegrating agent, polishing agent and other
excipients as required.


MEDICAL USE:
Aspirin is used to reduce fever and relieve mild to moderate pain from
conditions such as muscle aches, toothaches, common cold,
and headaches. It may also be used to reduce pain and swelling in
conditions such as arthritis. Aspirin is known as a salicylate and a
nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID). It works by blocking a certain
natural substance in your body to reduce pain and swelling.


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ASPIRIN SYNTHESIS AT INDUSTRIAL LEVEL:
Synthesis of aspirin in industry is done in two steps.
The first step in the industrial synthesis of aspirin is the Kolbe-Schmitt
carboxylation reaction, in which sodium phenoxide adds to carbon dioxide
gas under pressure. This reaction yields an intermediate keto acid anion,
which enolizes to produce salicylic acid.


The next step of the synthesis is the acetylation of salicylic acid with acetic
anhydride, which occurs via a nucleophilic acyl substitution mechanism.



This produces acetylsalicylic acid (M
r
= 180.2 gmol
-1
), a white crystalline
powder which is slightly soluble in water. The temperature is maintained at
70-80
o
C.

7
Once the aspirin is prepared it must be isolated from the reaction
solution and purified. The aspirin is insoluble in cold water, and can be
isolated by filtering the chilled reaction solution. Purification is necessary
to remove any unreacted salicylic acid and acetic anhydride, as well as
the acetic acid product and phosphoric acid. Acetic anhydride is caused to
decompose by the addition of water once the formation of aspirin is
complete:

The acetic acid and phosphoric acid are water soluble and can be
removed by washing the aspirin with chilled water. Salicylic acid is only
slightly soluble in water and is not completely removed in the washing
step.
Final purification is accomplished by the process of recrystallization. The
impure aspirin is dissolved in warm ethanol. The solution is then cooled
slowly, and the aspirin crystallizes out of solution leaving the salicylic acid
and other impurities behind.








8
TITRATION
Aspirin is an acid. The active ingredient is acetyl salicylic acid. Different
strengths of aspirin are based on the amount of active ingredients that
they contain. Titration is a way to determine how much acid is in a
solution by adding just enough base of a known concentration to
neutralize the acid. In neutralization, the numbers of moles of acid, H
+
,
are combined with an equal number of moles of base, OH
-
. In the titration
we will be performing, we will dispense base into a known amount of acid
solution to find the unknown concentration. If we wanted to know the
concentration of an unknown base, we could titrate the base with an acid
in the same manner.

CHEMISTRY OF THE TEST:
The following reaction occurs.





9
REQUIREMENTS
Chemicals and Materials:
1. 0.100 M NaOH
2. Ethyl alcohol
3. Aspirin
4. Phenolphthalein indicator
Apparatus:
1. Burette
2. Mortar and pestle
3. 150 mL flask
4. Pipette









10
PROCEDURE
1. Find the mass of an aspirin tablet. Grind each tablet into a fine powder
by using a mortar and pestle.
2. Tare a piece of weighing paper on the balance. Carefully transfer as
much powdered sample to a piece of paper and then determine the
mass.
3. Place the powdered sample in a 150mL beaker.
4. Add a 10.0 mL portion of ethyl alcohol to the beaker and stir.
5. Add 25.0mL of water to the beaker.
6. Put 3 drops of the phenolphthalein indicator in your flask.
7. The burette is filled with 0.100M NaOH. Make sure there are no
bubbles apparent in the burette. Record the initial volume on the burette.
8. Begin titrating, Add the NaOH in 1.0mL increments, making note of
when the color change occurs. Continue adding base 5.0 mL past the
equivalence point (the equivalence is approximately when the solution
turned pink from the phenolphthalein).
9. Repeat steps 1-8 for the remaining tablets.





11
OBSERVATIONS
Volume of Aspirin Used
(mL)(V
1
)
Volume of NaOH Used
(mL)(V
2
)
35 11.4
35 11.5
35 11.5
Concordant Reading: 11.5 mL

M
Aspirin
=?
M
NaOH
=0.1 M
V
Aspirin
=35 mL
V
NaOH
=11.5mL
M
Aspirin
V
Aspirin
= M
NaOH
V
NaOH

M
Aspirin
35=0.111.5
M
Aspirin
=0.0328 M
m
Aspirin
=207 mg/ tablet






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CONCLUSION
According to the experiment, the amount of aspirin present in each tablet
of Disprin is 207 mg. The real amount may be of equal value if there
werent any minor experimental errors which include :
Use of Laboratory reagents which are not as accurate as quality
control reagents actually used for conducting QA studies.
The excipients add to the bulk of the tablet along with aspirin which
may also interfere with the results.











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PHOTO GALLERY



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BIBLIOGRAPHY
1. www.google.co.in
2. NCERT(Class XII)