Chapter 6

Switchboards and Distribution

System
1.0 Type of switchboards
a) Self-contained, floor mounted, flush fronted, metal clad cubicle type
suitable for front and rear access. It shall be designed to withstand fault
condition of not less than 50! at "#5 $ for # second as defined in I%C
60"&'-# and shall be of (orm )b or otherwise specified by *%.
b) (ront access switchboards
c) +all mounted switchboards
d) ,edestal type -obsolete)
2.0 Type of incoming switch gear
a) !ir circuit breaer is normally used as incoming switchgear. It shall be
certified for minimum rupturing capacity of 50! at "#5 for # s as defined
in I%C 60'". or otherwise specified ha/e breaing capacity of &#0$! at
"#5 $ with a short time rating of # second.
b) 0CC1
3.0 Number of TNB incomers
Sometimes two transformers are supplied by 231. 2his may happen when4-
-i) a single transformer is insufficient to cater for the total load of the
installation, or
-ii) a more secured supply system for the installation is re5uired.
+hate/er the cause may be, the main switchboard must be designed to recei/e
the two incoming feeders from the separate transformer. In this case it is normal
practice to incorporate a " pole coupler between the two sections of main busbars
fed by the two transformers to pro/ide further fle6ibility in the supply system. 2he
coupler must at least be mechanically interloced with the other two incoming
Circuir 1reaer -C1) so that the coupler can only be closed if either one of the two
incoming C1s is opened in order to satisfy 2317s re5uirement.
4.0 utgoing switch gears
a) !C1
b) 0CC1
c) Switchfuse
d) (useswitch
,anduan 2eni %disi 8e-" )009 Cawangan 8e:uruteraan %letri ,g # of #0
Chapter 6
*epending on the current capacity and other re5uirement of the outgoing circuit
concerned. ;owe/er if 0CC17s are used, the minimum interrupting capacity of the
breaer must be specified. It is good practice from the economic point of /iew to
eep the number of outgoing circuits in the main switchboard small by installing
more local sub-switchboards if 0CC17s are used for controlling outgoing circuits.
2his is to reduce the number of breaers re5uiring high interrupting capacity.
!.0 Type of supp"y to switchboards
a) 3ormal supply direct from 231
b) %ssential supply from generator set -%mergency <,S, 1attery, etc)
(or more details refer to =3ota 2ambahan 8epada ,anduan 2eni7, Chapter ).
#.0 $u%isan dan &e%abentu% Sub Switch Board 'SSB(
>u:u pada luisan semati #?
# 2ida perlu tentuan bilangan hala SS1. 2etapi perlu meletaan
beberapa spare. Sai@ dan bilangan spare perlu dipertimbangan oleh *%
mengiut aspe tenial -berdasaran pengalaman dan pengamatan).
) ,enentuan sai@ 0CC1 A Suis Bear dan 1usbar
,enentuan sai@ 0CC1 A Suis Bear untu SS1 adalah berdasaran pada
:umlah 0* beban downstream. >u:u pada ra:ah # untu onsep iraan
sai@ suis gear. -,erlu buat perbandingan tenial dan A atau eonomi
sama ada memilih pengiraan berdasaran 0* semata-mata atau
berdasaran 0* C )0D atau 2CE).
Fadual # menun:uan :umlah esemua *1 yang henda disambung pada
SS1 (.
$e)e" DB
$ighting
DB
*ower
T+$
'%,(
-D
'%,(
T+$
'.-*(
-D
'.-*(
S/0ear
B
*1 B!E #5."' #).&' )5.&5 )0.)9 "0! 2,3 0CC1
*1 B1E #).5' #0.0. )".6# #6."9 "0! 2,3 0CC1
*1 BCE #0.)0 9.#6 )).6' #&.&6 "0! 2,3 0CC1
*1 B!, #".0 ..0 )..'# ##."6 "0! 2,3 0CC1
*1 B1, #'.50 '..5 &#.'# #5.'6 "0! 2,3 0CC1
*1 BC, #6.)5 9.#& &#.60 #&.&# "0! 2,3 0CC1
#
*1 #CE #).9) #0.)6 )0.'9 #6..' "0! 2,3 0CC1
*1 #1E #0."0 9.&) #..0) #&.6) "0! 2,3 0CC1
*1 #C, ".)5 ).#& )0.9& #0."" "0! 2,3 0CC1
*1 #1, &.50 #..5 #..#6 9.59 "0! 2,3 0CC1
CC2$ ".0 ).0 #'.6# '.90 "0! S,3 0CC1
CE # "..6 &.90 )&.&& #9.6& &)! S,3 0CC1
Tota" #)...6 9&..6 )6&.0 #69..# )50! 2,3 0CC1
,anduan 2eni %disi 8e-" )009 Cawangan 8e:uruteraan %letri ,g ) of #0
Chapter 6
Fadual #4 SS1 (
Gleh itu berdasaran pada 0* adaran 0CC1 untu SS1 ( ini adalah
)50! 2,3.
& Sai@ busbar perlu sama adaran dengan incoming switch gear. 2ida perlu
untu nyataan uuran eratan rentas busbar. 1usbar adalah :enis tinned
copper.
>u:u pada luisan semati # untu luisan SS1 (.
" ,emilihan >C*
>CC1
%E> H 60! & phase up to ))0! with Ict
%( H )50! with C2 not Ict -min ) GCA#%()
Installation of >C*s at4
i. (or isolatorsAmechanical loads4 at upstream 0CC1
ii. (or other type loads within same building4 at downstream 0CC1
iii. Eoad /ia underground cable4 at both upstream J downstream
0CC1
5 S,* yang diwa:iban adalah type C.
6 ,enentuan sai@ abel daripada SS1 e *1
1erdasaran pada pengiraan dan mengambil ira pan:ang cable yang
henda digunaan, /olt drop dan beberapa fator lagi.
>u:u pada chapter ., 7>eticulation Cable Si@e and $oltage *rop
Calculation7.
. 0easuring and monitoring de/ices
*epending on the incoming switch gear rating and the usage of the
switchboards, some or all the following may be installed4
a) incoming phase indicating light K neon type
b) busbar phase indicating light K neon type
b) /oltmeter
c) ammeter
d) ilowatt hour meter
e) items b, c and d may be replaced with a digital power meter to
connect to electrical building automation system -SC!*!) enabling
collecting data and may be used for measurement of efficiency and
impro/ement etc.
9 Switchboard %arthing busbar - indicate the bar, its si@e to be refered to
table " E-S#, according to the fault current rating.
' 3amaan SS1 dengan mengambil ira tempat di mana SS1 tersebut
henda diletaan.
,anduan 2eni %disi 8e-" )009 Cawangan 8e:uruteraan %letri ,g & of #0
Chapter 6
>a:ah #4 8onsep pengiraan sai@ suis gear
Tab"e 41 Dimension of -ain 2arthing Bars and 2arthing +onductors
%6tracted from E-S#, %arthing Section #&
,rospecti/e %arth (ault
currents -I) for # s duration
0ain %arthing 1ars
-mm 6 mm)
%arthing Conductors
-3o. 6 mm 6 mm)
I L )0! )5mm 6 6mm # 6 )5mm 6 &mm
)0! M I L &0! &#mm 6 6mm ) 6 )5mm 6 &mm
&0! M I L "0! &9mm 6 6mm ) 6 )5mm 6 &mm
"0! M I L 50! 50mm 6 6mm ) 6 )5mm 6 &mm
,anduan 2eni %disi 8e-" )009 Cawangan 8e:uruteraan %letri ,g " of #0
MSB = SSB1+SSB2
SSB 1 = DB1+DB2+DB3 SSB 2
DB 1 DB 2 DB 3 Downstream
Saiz MCCB bergantung
pada nilai TCL DB
Saiz MCCB bergantung
pada nilai MD SSB
Saiz MCCB bergantung pada nilai
MD MSB + 20
!pstream
Chapter 6
Euisan Semati #4 SS1 (
,anduan 2eni %disi 8e-" )009 Cawangan 8e:uruteraan %letri ,g 5 of #0
Chapter 6
3.0 $u%isan dan &e%abentu% -ain Switchboard '-SB(
>u:u pada luisan semati )?

# 2ida perlu tentuan bilangan hala 0S1. 2etapi perlu meletaan
beberapa spare. Sai@ dan bilangan spare perlu dipertimbanganan oleh
*% mengiut aspe tenial -berdasaran pengalaman, pengamatan dan
mengiut sai@ pro:e).
) ,enentuan sai@ 0CC1 A Suis Bear dan 1usbar
,enentuan sai@ Suis Bear untu 0S1 adalah berdasaran pada :umlah
0* 0S1 C )0D. >u:u pada :adual ).
Fadual ) menun:uan :umlah esemua beban yang henda
disambungan pada 0S1 berenaan.
3o 0S1 3on % 2CE
-+)
0*
-+)
2CE
-!0,)
0*
-!0,)
0CC1
>ating
# SS1 B #)...6 9&..6 )6&.0 #69..# )50!
) (eeder ,illar 5.'# "..& '.6. ..." "0!
& 0S1 %ssential ")0.00 "0'.00 69.."0 66'.&' 900!
" 0S1 (!0!
-%6isting)
.'.90 6&.9" #&0.6# #0"."9 #50!
5 S2, -Sa/erage
2reatment ,lant)
#0.00 #0.00 #6.&. #6.&. "0!
2otal 6"&.". 5.#.&& ##0..05 '66.6' #)00! 2,3
Fadual )4 0S1 3on %
0* C )0D N '66.6' C #'&.&"
N ##60.0) !
Gleh itu berdasaran pada :umlah 0* 0S1 C )0D adaran sai@ suis gear
bagi 0S1 3on % ini adalah #)00! 2,3.
+alaubagaimanapun, bagi contoh ini, pelanggan ada memaluman satu
blo ) tingat yang aan dibina ) tahun lagi. Gleh itu eperluan spare
"00! ditambah. *engan itu adaran suis gear bagi 0S1 3on % ini men:adi
#600! 2,3
Sai@ busbar perlu sama adaran dengan incoming switch gear. 2ida perlu
untu nyataan uuran eratan rentas busbar. 1usbar adalah :enis tinned
copper.
>u:u pada luisan semati ) untu reabentu 0S1 bagi :adual diatas.
& ,emilihan >C*
>CC1
%E> H 60! & phase up to ))0! with Ict
%( H )50! with C2 not Ict -min ) GCA#%()
,anduan 2eni %disi 8e-" )009 Cawangan 8e:uruteraan %letri ,g 6 of #0
Chapter 6
Installation of >C*s at4
i. (or isolatorsAmechanical loads4 at upstream 0CC1
ii. (or other type loads within same building4 at downstream 0CC1
iii. Eoad /ia underground cable4 at both upstream J downstream 0CC1
" S,* yang diwa:iban adalah type C.
5 ,enentuan sai@ abel daripada 0S1 e SS1 dan :uga beban lain yang
tersambung padanya.
1erdasaran pada pengiraan dan mengambil ira pan:ang cable yang
henda digunaan, /olt drop dan beberapa fator lagi.
>u:u pada chapter ., 7>eticulation Cable Si@e and $oltage *rop
Calculation7.
6 0easuring and monitoring de/ices
*epending on the incoming switch gear rating and the usage of the
switchboards, some or all the following may be installed4
a) incoming phase indicating light K neon type
b) busbar phase indicating light K neon type
b) /oltmeter
c) ammeter
d) ilowatt hour meter
e) items b, c and d may be replaced with a digital power meter to
connect to electrical building automation system -SC!*!) enabling
collecting data and may be used for measurement of efficiency and
impro/ement etc.
. Switchboard %arthing busbar - indicate the bar, its si@e to be refered to
table " E-S#, according to the fault current rating.
9 ,enamaan 0S1
3amaan 0S1 dengan mengambil ira :enis papan suis dan tempat di
mana 0S1 tersebut henda diletaan seperti4
a) 0S1 3% -3on %ssential)
1ealan terus dari 231
b) 0S1 % -%ssential)
1ealan dari generator sebagai bealan tunggu sedia -bacup
supply)
c) 0S1 0echanical, dsb.
' 1loc diagram
>u:u pada luisan semati &
,anduan 2eni %disi 8e-" )009 Cawangan 8e:uruteraan %letri ,g . of #0
Chapter 6
Euisan Semati )4 0S1 3on %
,anduan 2eni %disi 8e-" )009 Cawangan 8e:uruteraan %letri ,g 9 of #0
Chapter 6
,anduan 2eni %disi 8e-" )009 Cawangan 8e:uruteraan %letri ,g ' of #0
Chapter 6
Euisan Semati &4 2ypical 1lo *iagram
,anduan 2eni %disi 8e-" )009 Cawangan 8e:uruteraan %letri ,g #0 of #0