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CIVIL & STRUCTURE DEPARTMENT

FACULTY OF ENGINEERING & BUILT ENVIRONMENT


THE NATIONAL UNIVERSITY OF MALAYSIA

REPORT OF PROJECT SUSTAINABLE URBAN PLANNING
SEMESTER II, SESSION 2013/2014

KKKH4284 SUSTAINABLE URBAN PLANNING

Assignment Title:
LOCAL AGENDA
(TASK 5)
Lecturers:
PROF. IR. DR. RIZA ARIQ ABDULLAH BIN O.K RAHMAT
Dr. MUHAMAD NAZRI BIN BORHAN
Pn NORLIZA BT MOHD AKHIR

NAME : MUHAMMAD SAFUAN BIN CHE AHMED
MATRIC NO : A133024


Local Agenda 21 is essentially a global action plan or blue print for sustainable city development
and management that was born out of Rio De Janeiro Declaration, Brazil in 1992 attended by
178 countries including Malaysia. The United Nations Conference on Environment and
Development (UNCED) known as the Earth Summit developed Agenda 21, a blueprint for action
to achieve sustainable development. Agenda 21 called upon governments around the world to
take a course of action to implement that blueprint. Local Agenda 21 process provide a way for
municipalities to ensure that business, including tourism, address their constituents needs and
operate in ways that enhance sustainable development. The Local Agenda 21 approach brings
this commitment to the local level, allowing each community to set its own path towards
sustainable development. Hence, we need to make sure that the Local Agenda 21 processes are
truly participatory with the involvement of all stakeholders, and that they result in new
commitments by municipalities and their communities not only to improve and extend urban
services, but to do so in sustainable way.

It could be summarize that the Local agenda is one of the global mission to achieve the
sustainability. And do we know the mean of Sustainable Development?
Sustainable Development is the developments that satisfy present needs without compromising
the ability of future generation to satisfy their needs. It includes human development, food,
safety and energy resource. It must also integrate economic, social and environment priorities.

In order to implement the Local Agenda 21 in my hometown, which is Kota Bharu, the
policy should involve the society, private sector, and local authorities. Each party should play
their own role in order to ensure the objective of this agenda could be achieve. Some of the party
and their responsibility such as follow:

No Party Party Involve Role
1 Local Authority District Council
Municipal
City Hall
1) Doing campaign and kind of
some activity or event to Local
Agenda 21.
2) Making collaboration within
authorities to execute any activities.
2 Community Public
User
NGO
Mass Media
Professionals
1) Give opinion and cooperation
about any program that invented by
others party.
2) Mass media need to announce
the activity or any invented
program
3 Private Sector Commercial &
Industrial Non-Formal
Sector
1) Alert about the necessity of the
residential of the hometown by
providing the requirement for
resident.

From my view and my study about Kota Bharu, some of the activity or events that we could
implement in this city accordance with Local Agenda 21 are as follow:

1. Partnership
The Local Agenda 21 partnership mechanism is unique in its multi-sector stakeholder
representation and coverage of issues. Sustained stakeholder participation through effective
partnership mechanisms is the foundation of a successful Local Agenda 21 programmed. In
Local Agenda 21, local governments are required to consult with the local community - citizens,
minority groups, businesses and industry; research associations; regional and national
governments; non-government organisations; environmental and social and civic groups, to
create a shared vision for future sustainable development and to develop integrated local
environmental plans, policies and programs targeted at achieving sustainable development. The
consultation process is designed to raise awareness and encouraged the formation of business
partnerships and information and technical exchange programs. This formal multi-sector
partnership mechanism is a key element that differentiates Local Agenda 21 from other
community programmes that are currently practiced in Malaysia. The reason for working
together with other stakeholders is to enable stakeholders to address issues that they are not able
to do individually by themselves.

2. Business and industries
Businesses and industries play a very important role in Local Agenda 21 partnership. Many
business and industry practices impact directly on the environment such as waste and pollution.
Conversely, there are also significant business activities that contribute to the environment such
as recycling of waste materials. Local business associations also play important roles in the
Local Agenda 21 partnerships. Besides contributing material resources, businesses and industry
were also a source of invaluable information and skills that helped with Local Agenda 21

3. Tourism
Tourism has a major impact on local communities in tourist destinations. It can be a significant
source of income and employment for local people. It can also pose a threat to an areas social
fabric and its natural and cultural heritage, upon which it ultimately depends, but if it is well
planned and managed it can be a force for their conservation. Tourism is fast becoming a major
revenue for our country and we should rise to the challenge of putting city of Kota Bharu on the
map of becoming one of the top holiday destinations in this country. To achieve this there should
be a collective effort from all, be it the government departments responsible, the public sectors,
the NGO's and most of all from us, the resident of this city.

The next step towards boosting tourism in Kota Bharu is to ensure that we as the resident
of this city are able to deliver the goods as promised. At the top of the list would be to make Kota
Bharu a clean and safe place to visit. No one wants to spend their hard earned money in a place
where their lives and the lives of their loved ones would be under potential threat. Neither do
they want to spend time in a place where hygiene is compromised and litter is seen all over the
place. A more concerted effort should therefore be taken to curb crime rates so that tourists are
able to go about town unharmed and feel at ease when they need to use the toilets as they are
always kept clean

4. Environment
Sustainable urban development should be carried out taking into account the ability cope that are
consumption of resources, distribution of waste and pollution that is triggered on the city and
surrounding areas. The environmental activity ensure the continuity of supply of natural
resources in the present and future through effective land use, reduction of non-renewable
resources, conversation of biological resources. Recycling Program can not only preserve the
environment but also can provide some return economist.

5. Social
Sustainable urban development must take into account social justice, basic human needs, public
health, environmental awareness in space and time. Prevent development that would increase the
gap between rich and poor and encourage development that will reduce social inequality and
reduce wastage of manpower. Social equality should be maintained in terms of economic
opportunities in this city.

6. Economy
One of the ways to achieve the sustainable development is through economic health of the city
Economy activity, job creation and poverty should be noted and the role of informal activities
and small-scale trade become important. Example of the activities that bring to sustainable in
economically such as economic activities that can contribute to the process of environmental
awareness such as the production of environmental friendly products, more frequently involved
in activities sponsored activities and social environmental in order to form a responsible
corporate image.

7. Education
Environmental Education should be taught at school from early childhood to tertiary level. It
calls for the entire Malaysian population to change their mindset, behaviours and realizing that
their daily decisions do have a positive or adverse impact on the environment. Education for
Sustainability is a great model for excellence in delivering the whole curriculum because it is
based on the values of quality teaching and learning. Its positive benefits reach beyond learning
about the natural world, to include improved social engagement in a democratic society. Our
hope for the future is to achieve environmental citizenship. These environmental citizens are
those who are able to translate their knowledge and understanding on the environment into
responsible action and are aware of their individual responsibility of safeguarding the
environment for the future generation.

8. Transport
Improving transportation and development is an important part to maintain sustainable of Kota
Bharu as attractive and convenient places in which to live and work. We are seeking to direct
growth and change in our cities and towns in ways that are economically, socially and
environmentally sustainable. Transportation is not just rely solely on private motorcars, but the
situations where the people should be able to walk, cycle, and use public transport. A choice of
transport helps the environment, provides more equitable access, and improves the livability of
our urban areas. The way we plan for land uses and transport can increase the proportion of trips
that can be taken by foot, bicycle and public transport as people go about their daily tasks. When
we plan for transport choice, we also help manage the demand for travel by minimizing the
number and length of individual trips people need to make.

Hence, we will works with the Mayor of the city to ensure the integration of transport and
development by:
Reduce growth in the number and length of private car journeys.
Encouraging patterns and forms of development that reduce the need to travel, especially
by car
Seeking to improve public transport, walking and cycling capacity and accessibility
where it is needed, for areas of greatest demand and areas designated for development
and regeneration.
Encouraging integration of the major transport infrastructure plans with improvements to
the public realm.




For conclusion, the activity should be taken and implement in this city in order to achieved the
sustainability. From undertaking a Local Agenda 21, there are potentially many benefits to this
city, these include:
Managing change more effectively
More effective policy development
Enhanced capacity to meet community needs
Greater community cohesion
Stronger regional links
Cost Savings
A Healthy and Vibrant Community
Staying Relevant

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