REPORT OF PROJECT SUSTAINABLE URBAN PLANNING SEMESTER II, SESSION 2013/2014
KKKH4284 SUSTAINABLE URBAN PLANNING
Assignment Title: LOCAL AGENDA (TASK 5) Lecturers: PROF. IR. DR. RIZA ARIQ ABDULLAH BIN O.K RAHMAT Dr. MUHAMAD NAZRI BIN BORHAN Pn NORLIZA BT MOHD AKHIR
NAME : MUHAMMAD SAFUAN BIN CHE AHMED MATRIC NO : A133024
Local Agenda 21 is essentially a global action plan or blue print for sustainable city development and management that was born out of Rio De Janeiro Declaration, Brazil in 1992 attended by 178 countries including Malaysia. The United Nations Conference on Environment and Development (UNCED) known as the Earth Summit developed Agenda 21, a blueprint for action to achieve sustainable development. Agenda 21 called upon governments around the world to take a course of action to implement that blueprint. Local Agenda 21 process provide a way for municipalities to ensure that business, including tourism, address their constituents needs and operate in ways that enhance sustainable development. The Local Agenda 21 approach brings this commitment to the local level, allowing each community to set its own path towards sustainable development. Hence, we need to make sure that the Local Agenda 21 processes are truly participatory with the involvement of all stakeholders, and that they result in new commitments by municipalities and their communities not only to improve and extend urban services, but to do so in sustainable way.
It could be summarize that the Local agenda is one of the global mission to achieve the sustainability. And do we know the mean of Sustainable Development? Sustainable Development is the developments that satisfy present needs without compromising the ability of future generation to satisfy their needs. It includes human development, food, safety and energy resource. It must also integrate economic, social and environment priorities.
In order to implement the Local Agenda 21 in my hometown, which is Kota Bharu, the policy should involve the society, private sector, and local authorities. Each party should play their own role in order to ensure the objective of this agenda could be achieve. Some of the party and their responsibility such as follow:
No Party Party Involve Role 1 Local Authority District Council Municipal City Hall 1) Doing campaign and kind of some activity or event to Local Agenda 21. 2) Making collaboration within authorities to execute any activities. 2 Community Public User NGO Mass Media Professionals 1) Give opinion and cooperation about any program that invented by others party. 2) Mass media need to announce the activity or any invented program 3 Private Sector Commercial & Industrial Non-Formal Sector 1) Alert about the necessity of the residential of the hometown by providing the requirement for resident.
From my view and my study about Kota Bharu, some of the activity or events that we could implement in this city accordance with Local Agenda 21 are as follow:
1. Partnership The Local Agenda 21 partnership mechanism is unique in its multi-sector stakeholder representation and coverage of issues. Sustained stakeholder participation through effective partnership mechanisms is the foundation of a successful Local Agenda 21 programmed. In Local Agenda 21, local governments are required to consult with the local community - citizens, minority groups, businesses and industry; research associations; regional and national governments; non-government organisations; environmental and social and civic groups, to create a shared vision for future sustainable development and to develop integrated local environmental plans, policies and programs targeted at achieving sustainable development. The consultation process is designed to raise awareness and encouraged the formation of business partnerships and information and technical exchange programs. This formal multi-sector partnership mechanism is a key element that differentiates Local Agenda 21 from other community programmes that are currently practiced in Malaysia. The reason for working together with other stakeholders is to enable stakeholders to address issues that they are not able to do individually by themselves.
2. Business and industries Businesses and industries play a very important role in Local Agenda 21 partnership. Many business and industry practices impact directly on the environment such as waste and pollution. Conversely, there are also significant business activities that contribute to the environment such as recycling of waste materials. Local business associations also play important roles in the Local Agenda 21 partnerships. Besides contributing material resources, businesses and industry were also a source of invaluable information and skills that helped with Local Agenda 21
3. Tourism Tourism has a major impact on local communities in tourist destinations. It can be a significant source of income and employment for local people. It can also pose a threat to an areas social fabric and its natural and cultural heritage, upon which it ultimately depends, but if it is well planned and managed it can be a force for their conservation. Tourism is fast becoming a major revenue for our country and we should rise to the challenge of putting city of Kota Bharu on the map of becoming one of the top holiday destinations in this country. To achieve this there should be a collective effort from all, be it the government departments responsible, the public sectors, the NGO's and most of all from us, the resident of this city.
The next step towards boosting tourism in Kota Bharu is to ensure that we as the resident of this city are able to deliver the goods as promised. At the top of the list would be to make Kota Bharu a clean and safe place to visit. No one wants to spend their hard earned money in a place where their lives and the lives of their loved ones would be under potential threat. Neither do they want to spend time in a place where hygiene is compromised and litter is seen all over the place. A more concerted effort should therefore be taken to curb crime rates so that tourists are able to go about town unharmed and feel at ease when they need to use the toilets as they are always kept clean
4. Environment Sustainable urban development should be carried out taking into account the ability cope that are consumption of resources, distribution of waste and pollution that is triggered on the city and surrounding areas. The environmental activity ensure the continuity of supply of natural resources in the present and future through effective land use, reduction of non-renewable resources, conversation of biological resources. Recycling Program can not only preserve the environment but also can provide some return economist.
5. Social Sustainable urban development must take into account social justice, basic human needs, public health, environmental awareness in space and time. Prevent development that would increase the gap between rich and poor and encourage development that will reduce social inequality and reduce wastage of manpower. Social equality should be maintained in terms of economic opportunities in this city.
6. Economy One of the ways to achieve the sustainable development is through economic health of the city Economy activity, job creation and poverty should be noted and the role of informal activities and small-scale trade become important. Example of the activities that bring to sustainable in economically such as economic activities that can contribute to the process of environmental awareness such as the production of environmental friendly products, more frequently involved in activities sponsored activities and social environmental in order to form a responsible corporate image.
7. Education Environmental Education should be taught at school from early childhood to tertiary level. It calls for the entire Malaysian population to change their mindset, behaviours and realizing that their daily decisions do have a positive or adverse impact on the environment. Education for Sustainability is a great model for excellence in delivering the whole curriculum because it is based on the values of quality teaching and learning. Its positive benefits reach beyond learning about the natural world, to include improved social engagement in a democratic society. Our hope for the future is to achieve environmental citizenship. These environmental citizens are those who are able to translate their knowledge and understanding on the environment into responsible action and are aware of their individual responsibility of safeguarding the environment for the future generation.
8. Transport Improving transportation and development is an important part to maintain sustainable of Kota Bharu as attractive and convenient places in which to live and work. We are seeking to direct growth and change in our cities and towns in ways that are economically, socially and environmentally sustainable. Transportation is not just rely solely on private motorcars, but the situations where the people should be able to walk, cycle, and use public transport. A choice of transport helps the environment, provides more equitable access, and improves the livability of our urban areas. The way we plan for land uses and transport can increase the proportion of trips that can be taken by foot, bicycle and public transport as people go about their daily tasks. When we plan for transport choice, we also help manage the demand for travel by minimizing the number and length of individual trips people need to make.
Hence, we will works with the Mayor of the city to ensure the integration of transport and development by: Reduce growth in the number and length of private car journeys. Encouraging patterns and forms of development that reduce the need to travel, especially by car Seeking to improve public transport, walking and cycling capacity and accessibility where it is needed, for areas of greatest demand and areas designated for development and regeneration. Encouraging integration of the major transport infrastructure plans with improvements to the public realm.
For conclusion, the activity should be taken and implement in this city in order to achieved the sustainability. From undertaking a Local Agenda 21, there are potentially many benefits to this city, these include: Managing change more effectively More effective policy development Enhanced capacity to meet community needs Greater community cohesion Stronger regional links Cost Savings A Healthy and Vibrant Community Staying Relevant