Volume 1

SEQ is a sustainable and equitable region of innovative agricultural production, valued natural
environments, efficient and reliable energy, interconnected transport networks, and healthy waterways
that are resilient and adaptive to climate change and rapid population growth.

Climate Change Management Plan
2013 2033

SEQ Climate Change Management Plan: Volume 1

ii

Strategic Planning Consultants Key Issue Focus Area
Lorena Moynahan - Agriculture: Rural Production Management
Kari-Ann West Biodiversity: Habitat Protection
Madison Ruygrok Energy: Supply and Distribution
Brendan Barnes Transport: Transit Network Management
Scott Mainey Water: Supply and Distribution

Registered and Head Office

Room 3.17, Building 31, Science Road
Griffith University
Parklands, QLD 4215
Australia

Telephone: 07 5532 4432
Fax: 07 5532 4431
Email: admin@SPC.com.au
Website address: www.strategicplanningconsultants.com

Executive Summary

South East Queensland (SEQ) is a diverse region of ecological, economic and social significance that needs
to be protected from the uncertainty of climate change whilst ensuring quality of life with anticipated rapid
population growth. The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) findings are clear with regards
to the risks and uncertainties of the future under a Fossil Fuel Intensive (FFI) scenario. Strong and
collaborative political leadership is imperative in managing climate change.
The South East Queensland Climate Change Management Plan (SEQCCMP) 2013-2033 is a plan for the
SEQ Regional Landscape and Rural Production Area (RLRPA) that will provide guidance in climate change
adaptation and support sustainable growth for a rapidly increasing population. It is a plan for adapting to
climate change and rapid population growth in key issue areas of Agriculture, Biodiversity, Energy,
Transport and Water. These issue areas require education, research, development and action in sustainable
management of resources and infrastructure, to address issues from the impacts of climate change and
rapid population growth such as crop damage, habitat destruction, power failure, transport disruption and
water scarcity.
This plan promotes adaptive strategies in the management of resources, innovation in technology and
healthy and resilient environments. To manage the impact of rapid population growth the plan promotes
adaptive strategies for the value of ecosystems, efficiency and reliability of infrastructure services and
interconnected communities.
The SEQCCMP 2013-2033 is the main planning document for climate change adaption for the SEQ RLRPA.
It is developed from a review of the South East Queensland Regional Plan (SEQRP) 2009-2031 and Draft
South East Queensland Climate Change Management Plan (DSEQCCMP), as well as other key programs
and initiatives at federal and local levels of government. The plan is supported at the global scale by the
IPCC directives.
The SEQCCMP 2013-2033 supports the regional vision of the SEQRP 2009-2033, to safeguard the
significant ecological, economic and social attributes that make the SEQ region the unique, diverse and
prosperous place it is for the next 20 years and beyond.
Executive Summary


iii

Table of Contents

Executive Summary ................................................................................................................................ ii
Table of Contents ....................................................................................................................................iii
List of Figures ......................................................................................................................................... iv
List of Tables .......................................................................................................................................... iv
List of Abbreviations ................................................................................................................................ v

1.0 Introduction ....................................................................................................................................... 1
2.0 SEQ Regional Overview ................................................................................................................... 2
3.0 Key Issue Areas ................................................................................................................................ 4
4.0 Stakeholders ..................................................................................................................................... 5
5.0 Current Management Frameworks ................................................................................................... 6
6.0 Agriculture: Rural Production ............................................................................................................ 7
6.1 Agriculture in SEQ ....................................................................................................................... 8
6.2 Agriculture: Goals, Objectives and Strategies ............................................................................. 9
7.0 Biodiversity: Habitat Protection ....................................................................................................... 14
7.1 Biodiversity in SEQ .................................................................................................................... 15
7.2 Biodiversity: Goals, Objectives and Strategies .......................................................................... 16
8.0 Energy: Supply and Distribution ...................................................................................................... 21
8.1 Energy in SEQ ........................................................................................................................... 21
8.2 Energy: Goals, Objectives and Strategies ................................................................................. 23
9.0 Transport: Transit Networks ............................................................................................................ 33
9.1 Transport in SEQ ....................................................................................................................... 34
9.2 Transport: Goals, Objectives and Strategies ............................................................................. 35
10.0 Water: Supply and Distribution ..................................................................................................... 40
10.1. Water in SEQ .......................................................................................................................... 41
10.2 Water: Goals, Objectives and Strategies ................................................................................. 42
11.0 Strategy Implementation Timeline ................................................................................................ 47
12.0 Funding & Revenue ...................................................................................................................... 49
13.0 Evaluation ..................................................................................................................................... 50
13.1 IPCC FFI Scenario .................................................................................................................... 50
13.1.1. Agriculture IPCC Evaluation ........................................................................................ 51
13.1.2. Biodiversity IPCC Evaluation ....................................................................................... 51
13.1.3. Energy IPCC Evaluation .............................................................................................. 51
13.1.4. Transport IPCC Evaluation .......................................................................................... 51
13.1.5. Water IPCC Evaluation ................................................................................................ 51
13.2 Regional Vision Evaluations ......................................................................................................... 52
13.3 Stakeholders Evaluation ........................................................................................................... 52
13.4 Current Frameworks Evaluation ............................................................................................... 53
13.5 Timeframe Evaluation ............................................................................................................... 53
13.6 Funding Evaluation ................................................................................................................... 53
14.0 Strategy Linkages ........................................................................................................................ 54
14.1 Water and Agriculture Links ...................................................................................................... 54
14.2 Water and Energy Links ............................................................................................................ 54
14.3 Water and Transport Links ........................................................................................................ 55
14.4 Energy and Agriculture.............................................................................................................. 55
14.5 Energy and Biodiversity ............................................................................................................ 55
14.7 Energy and Transport ............................................................................................................... 55
14.6 Transport and Agriculture.......................................................................................................... 55
Table of Contents


iv

14.7 Transport and Biodiversity ........................................................................................................ 56
14.8 Biodiversity and Agriculture ...................................................................................................... 56
15.0 Conclusion .................................................................................................................................... 56
16.0 Glossary ........................................................................................................................................ 57
17.0 References .................................................................................................................................... 59
18.0 Picture Credits ............................................................................................................................... 60

List of Figures

Figure 1: SEQ Region and Surrounding Areas ..................................................................... 3
Figure 2: Agriculture Strategy Map ..................................................................................... 13
Figure 3: Biodiversity Strategy Map .................................................................................... 20
Figure 4: Energy Strategy Map ........................................................................................... 32
Figure 5: Transport Strategy Map ....................................................................................... 39
Figure 6: Water Strategies Map ......................................................................................... 46

List of Tables

Table 1: Strategy Implementation Timeline ......................................................................... 47
Table 2: Strategies Incentives and Disincentives ................................................................ 49
Table 3: Future Climate Trends and Key Issue Areas......................................................... 50

List of Tables
List of Figures


v

List of Abbreviations

CIC Community Interest Company
DAFF Department of Agriculture, Fisheries and Forestry
DCCM Department of Climate Change Management
DEHP Department of Environment and Heritage Protection
DERM Department of Environment and Resource Management
DEWS Department of Energy and Water Supply
DIICCSRTE Department of Industry, Innovation, Climate Change, Science, Research and Tertiary
Education
DIP Department of Infrastructure and Planning
DNRM Department of Natural Resource Management
DSDIP Department of Sustainability, Development, Infrastructure Planning
DSEWPC Department Sustainability, Environment, Water, Pollution and Climate
DTMR Department Transport and Main Road
DTRD Department of Tran
EPA Environment Protection Agency
ERD Education, Research and Development
FFI Fossil Fuel Intensive
GOC Government Owned Corporations
IPCC Intergovernmental Panel of Climate Change
LGA Local Government Areas
NGO Non-Government Organisation
NRMMC Natural Resources Management Ministerial Council
NWPRSR
QLD Queensland
RAPS Remote Area Power Supply
RLA Rural Living Area
RLRPA Regional Landscape and Rural Production Area
RPM Rural Production Management
RSL Royal Serviceman League
SCL Strategic Cropping Lands
SEQ South East Queensland
SEQCCMP South East Queensland Climate Change Management Plan
SEQRP South East Queensland Regional Plan
SPC Strategic Planning Consultants
TOD Transit Oriented Development
UF Urban Footprint

List of Abbreviations


1

1.0 Introduction

The purpose of the SEQCCMP 2013-2033 is to
provide a strategic plan for climate change
adaptation and impacts of rapid population growth
for SEQ. Climate change and rapid population
growth are global issues that are currently affecting
all communities and environments at local, regional
and national scales. Under the IPCC FFI Scenario
(refer Volume 2, Section 11.0), the impacts of
climate change are anticipated to increase with
frequency and intensity. This fossil fuel intensive
scenario assumes greenhouse gas emissions will
continue to rise due to:
Rapid economic and population growth
Rapid introduction of new technologies that
are fossil fuel intensive
Global mitigation efforts to reduce greenhouse gas
emissions are not at a scale large enough to make
an impact. The FFI Scenario is the pathway the
world is currently on (Department of Environment
and Heritage Protection (DEHP) 2008). The
uncertainty of the impacts of such a scenario makes
planning difficult, and the impacts associated with
rapid population growth, makes growth difficult to
manage. For this reason, climate change adaptation
and population growth management needs to be a
collaborative action, addressed by all levels of
government and governance. It needs to be
addressed with urgency from the global directive of
the IPCC down to local council regulation.
This plan does not look to mitigate climate change
however some strategies may imply both mitigation
and adaptation. The following assumptions implicate
this plan:
Mitigation addresses known risks,
adaptation addresses uncertainty
Adaptive strategies for climate change
and rapid population growth impacts
are based on the precautionary principle
Extreme weather events and population growth
issues already impact certain SEQ industry. For this
reason, the SEQCCMP 2013-2033 applies to the
SEQ RLRPA (further defined in Section 2.0) for the
following key issue areas and corresponding
management issues (refer Volume 2, Section 3.0):
Agriculture: Rural Production Management
Biodiversity: Habitat Protection
Energy: Supply and Distribution
Transport: Transit Network Management
Water: Supply and Distribution
Based on which this plan addresses the prospect of
living with, adapting to, and managing climate
change and rapid population growth over the next 20
years. This plan supports the transition from current
management practices to sustainable management
practices. SEQ is a sustainable and equitable
region, realised by the following vision:

SEQ is a sustainable and equitable region of innovative agricultural production, valued natural
environments, efficient and reliable energy, interconnected transport networks, and healthy
waterways that are resilient and adaptive to climate change and rapid population growth.

1.0 Introduction


2

2.0 SEQ Regional Overview

SEQ is divided into 11 Local Government Areas
(LGA) governed by five city councils and six regional
councils (refer Figure 1). The region is attractive
due to its sub-tropical climate, World Heritage
environments, quality lifestyles and accessibility to
its major cities such as Brisbane, the Gold Coast
and Sunshine Coast. The region is surrounded by
the Wide Bay Burnett in the North, Darling Downs to
the West and Tweed Shire in New South Wales
(NSW) to the South and covers an area of
approximately 22, 890 square kilometres (Laves &
Waterman 2012). The three regional landscape
categories of SEQ, as defined by the SEQRP 2009-
2031 are the RLRPA, Urban Footprint (UF) and
Rural Living Areas (RLA). The vast expanse of the
RLRPA is significant to the region by providing
quality of life and a strong sense of place through
the following regional attributes:

Geological features
Unique and extensive habitats
Productive agricultural land
Urban coastal centres
Scenic environments, amenity and tourism
Natural resources
Infrastructure providing energy, water and
transportation
These distinctive attributes of SEQ demonstrate
ecological, economic and social benefits, discussed
in detail in Volume 2, Section 2. Due to the threat of
climate change and rapid population growth these
attributes require protection. Based on ecological,
economic and social importance, key issue areas of
SEQ are identified Section 3.0.

2.0 SEQ Regional Overview


3

Figure 1: SEQ Region and Surrounding Areas

Figure 1:


4

3.0 Key Issue Areas

The SEQCCMP 2013-2033 Key Issue Areas are:
Agriculture
Biodiversity
Energy
Transport
Water
These five issue areas hold significant importance in
SEQ for ecological, economic and social reasons
(refer Volume 2, Section 2.0). These five issue areas
are particularly vulnerable to climate change and
rapid population growth as identified in the SWOT
analysis for each issue area (refer Volume 2,
Section 6.1 10.1). An example of the vulnerabilities
to climate change and rapid population growth are
summarised below and demonstrated in Figure 2,
showing the complexity and diversity of SEQ.
Agriculture in SEQ provides a direct food source for
a rapidly increasing SEQ population. Coupled with
demand for more food and threats of increased
extreme weather events, Rural Production
Management (RPM) in agriculture is highly
vulnerable to climate change and rapid population
growth. Innovative strategies are required to improve
farm management through a transition from
traditional agricultural practices to sustainable
practices.
SEQ Biodiversity is unique, providing tourist
experiences and diverse habitats for the region.
Rapid population growth places biodiversity at a high
risk of vulnerability due to fragmentation of habitats.
Biodiversity is sensitive to change therefore
vulnerable to changes in temperature and climate.
Strategies are required to add value to the natural
environment and improve habitat protection.
Energy in SEQ provides electricity supply to
improve technologies and enhance quality of life.
Damage to electricity infrastructure from
extreme weather events and increased land use
conflict from urban encroachment places energy
supply and demand at a high risk of vulnerability to
climate change and rapid population growth.
Strategies to improve the efficiency and reliability of
electricity supply and demand are required to aid the
transition from coal reliant energy to renewable
energy.
SEQ Transport is established in the RLRPA,
providing accessibility to urban centres. Extreme
weather events cause costly damage to road and
rail infrastructure. Land use conflicts arise from
demand for new roads and rail linkages due to
population expansion into rural areas. These issues
place the transit network in SEQ at high risk of
vulnerability to climate change and rapid population
growth. Strategies are required to ensure
interconnected communities through a reliable
transit network.
Water in SEQ is the life source for the population,
ecosystems and industry. Flooding and increased
demand of clean, fresh water places water supply at
a high risk of vulnerability to climate change, and
rapid population growth. Strategies are required to
maintain healthy waterways through improved
management and sustainability of water supply and
distribution.

3.0 Key Issue Areas


5

4.0 Stakeholders

Key stakeholders for implementation of the
SEQCCMP 2013-2033 are governments and
industry organisations. A detailed stakeholder
analysis for each issue area is found in Volume 2,
Section 4.0, identifying the different categories of
stakeholders and their power and influence. An
evaluation of the stakeholders in relation to
implementation is provided in Section 10.3 with
consideration of future key stakeholders.
The Federal Government will collaborate with the
State Government to supply funding for this plan as
climate change is in the national interest.
State governments will apply policy, funding and
research to issues of state interest, including rapid
population growth. The key focus for the current
State Government is economic growth. Authority is
through economic, environmental, legal and political
power. The State Government will facilitate funding
and research between government departments and
collaborate with industry for implementation.
Local governments will apply policy regulations to
issues of local interest, including rapid population
growth and sustainability in development. Local
governments will provide assistance with
implementation through the management of policy
regulations, compliance and revenue collection.

Industry organisations, including Government
Owned Corporations (GOC) will work in partnership
with government departments and be responsible for
implementation through consultation and
collaboration to develop institutional arrangements.
These institutional arrangements will provide
opportunity for extra funding and other
resources as required.
Research facilities will assist in providing technical
expertise, data collection and information for initial
implementation and continued research during
implementation and review periods.
Non-Government Organisations (NGO) will work in
partnership with government and be responsible for
consultation and collaboration by providing
information and research in return for funding to
assist with implementation. NGOs provide lobbying
power by representation of industry, consumers and
landholders.
Landholders will provide feedback through
consultation to assess implementation and action
implementation at the ground level. Resources and
access to resources including land for research
purposes will be available.
Domestic consumers will provide feedback through
consultation and accept or reject implementation
through consumption behaviour. Domestic
consumers hold a strong voice for social issues and
liveability.

4.0 Stakeholders


6

5.0 Current Management Frameworks

The SEQRP 2009-2031 and DSEQCCMP issued by
the State Government are the relevant frameworks
at the regional scale for climate change policy. This
SEQCCMP 2013-2033 works to support and
improve the current frameworks. A detailed Current
Frameworks Analysis is provided in Volume 2,
Section 5.0.
There are a number of Federal and State
Government initiatives in place to address a range of
issues in the key issue areas, including climate
change and rapid population growth. The Federal
Government mitigation initiatives are in relation to
carbon emission reduction for issue areas of
agriculture and energy. Transport initiatives aim to
improve connectivity of

networks and water initiatives aim to ensure efficient
water supply. This plan will strengthen those
initiatives by taking the next step of adaptation and
implementation.
Biodiversity initiatives at both Federal and State
levels of government aim to build resilience and
protect natural environments from climate change
impacts. State Government initiatives for agriculture,
energy, transport and water rely heavily on
technology for improvement. This plan will support
the current biodiversity initiatives and strengthen
initiatives in the other four issue areas by
implementing adaptation strategies. Relevant
legislation and Local Government Planning
Schemes will require amendments for
implementation of some strategies. Evaluation of the
strengths of this plan in relation to current
frameworks is provided in Section 10.5.

5.0 Current Management Frameworks


7

6.0 Agriculture: Rural Production
6.0 Agriculture: Rural Production
Desired Regional Outcome
Rural production in SEQ is resilient, innovative, adaptive and sustainable in managing food resources. Effective and
efficient rural production management integrates with the natural environment to ensure resilience in water and food
supply; educates the rural community to ensure innovation in farming practices and knowledge sharing; and works with
local industry and business to ensure an adaptive and sustainable agricultural industry.


8

6.1 Agriculture in SEQ

The SEQ rural production belt ranges from the hinterland of the Sunshine Coast LGA down to the Scenic Rim LGA,
comprising over 85 per cent of the SEQ RLRPA. This extensive agricultural land mass is primarily made up of
privately owned farms, used for livestock grazing. Over 50 per cent is used for crop production (Department of
Infrastructure and Planning (DIP) 2009a)
The crop production areas in SEQ are significant as they include areas classified as Strategic Cropping Land (SCL)
that is protected by the Strategic Cropping Land Act 2011 (Department of Natural Resource Management (DNRM),
2013). Primary producers in SEQ are responsible for managing, protecting and improving the ecosystems and agro-
ecosystems of farmland as well as sustaining their own livelihoods, to provide food security for a rapidly growing
population. Rural Production Management (RPM) is holistic and knowledge intensive as it includes the management
of all on-farm resources, from soil composition (McCowan et al. 2012) to computer based technology (Reddy &
Ankaiah 2005).
Agriculture is a major contributor to greenhouse gas emissions in Australia (Department of Industry, Innovation, Climate
Change, Science, Research and Tertiary Education (DIICCSRTE) 2013). The last decade has seen contributions in
research to develop new technologies in agriculture. A transition from traditional farming practices to sustainable
farming practices (Grubinger 2006) is another trend in an effort to adapt to the impacts of climate change. The main
issues in focus and addressed by this plan are:
1. Water stress and reliance on irrigation from groundwater alluvial aquifers
2. Crop stress and limited summer production due to high summer temperatures
3. Soil degradation and increased reliance on fertiliser and pesticides
4. Lack of knowledge, data and research specific to SEQ for adaptation to climate change and rapid population
growth

Further education, research and development are recognised by government and industry, and will underpin the ability
for transition from traditional farming practices to sustainable farming over the next 20 years. Implementation
timeframes are provided in Section 8.0 for each strategy.

6.1 Agriculture in SEQ


9

6.2 Agriculture: Goals, Objectives and Strategies

IMPLEMENTATION OF OBJECTIVE A1.1
Water stress in SEQ agriculture is a reality; therefore
sustainable water use is crucial to adapting to the
uncertainty of water scarcity in climate change conditions.
Sustainable water use and reduced irrigation water
demand in crop and livestock production processes in RPM
will be achieved through five strategies. These strategies
are developed to improve harvesting of rainfall and surface
water runoff (A1.1.1 and A1.1.4); retaining surface water
and soil moisture and reducing evaporation rates (A1.1.1,
A1.1.2 and A1.1.3); and recycling of rain and irrigation
water (A1.1.1 and A1.1.5). A case study is provided for
strategy A1.1.1 in Volume 2, Section 6.4.1, for further
information in relation to vegetated tailwater ponds.
These strategies will be administered and implemented by
Federal and State Government departments, through the
provision of information on government department
websites (A1.1.3), and in partnership with organisations
such as Landcare (A1.1.2). Regulation and compliance will
be administered through local government planning
schemes (A1.1.1, A1.1.2, A1.1.4, and A1.1.5). Further
strategies pertaining to reducing water consumption in
agriculture are found in Section 10.7 Strategy Linkages.
The environmental benefits from these strategies will
impact the groundwater alluvial aquifers by reducing the
demand of water supply from them, and increasing the
opportunity for recharge. The agro-ecosystems will also
benefit from retained soil moisture, that will enhance
vegetation, crop and livestock health. The overall economic
benefits will flow on to the farmer, from the environmental
benefits, by way of reduced water costs, increased crop
yields and livestock commodity prices.

GOAL A1: Sustainable rain and irrigation water use in RPM in SEQ

OBJECTIVE
A1.1 Reduce demand on bore irrigation by 50% for intensive irrigation users who rely solely on irrigation for all
purposes (including domestic use) across SEQ RLRPA by 2023
STRATEGIES
A1.1.1 Harvest surface water runoff from crop irrigation and rainfall, with vegetated tailwater ponds to recycle
harvested water and reduce demand on bore irrigation water

A1.1.2 Vegetate (new and existing) dams and tailwater ponds, and existing creek beds that have little or no
vegetation, to reduce evaporation and retain surface water levels

A1.1.3 Use drought tolerant, native and cover crops and mulch and alley cropping to help reduce need for water
and retain soil moisture for cropping and grazing

A1.1.4 Ensure adequate volume capacity, quantities, and quality of rainwater tanks are installed on all properties,
to harvest rainfall runoff from all commercial buildings, domestic homes and outbuildings, to reduce sole
reliance on irrigation supply

A1.1.5 Ensure waste water is connected to on-farm recycling water systems to use for washing, cleaning,
preparation and processing of produce for market, and domestic purposes of laundry, showering and toilets,
to reduce demand on irrigation supply

6.2 Agriculture: Goals, Objectives and Strategies


10

Heat stress in crops and livestock during summer months in
SEQ is expected to increase with climate change. Healthy and
resilient crops and livestock during summer, is imperative to
ensure food supply and reduce crop and livestock losses. The
two strategies implemented to protect crops and livestock from
heat stress are focused on shade vegetation and shade
shelters for livestock (A2.1.1) and controlled-climate agricultural
systems (A2.1.2) for crops.
The State Government Department of Agriculture, Fisheries
and Forestry (DAFF) and DNRM will administer the vegetation
requirements for A2.1.1a) and Local Governments will be
responsible for regulating the structural requirements for A2.1.1
b) and A2.1.2.

The economic benefits to farmers from these strategies will
result in maximum yields with minimum losses during the hotter
summer months, ensuring a consistent income stream. The
health and wellbeing of livestock is protected to reduce the
opportunity for illness and loss, and ensure the best quality
livestock for market.

OBJECTIVE
A2.1 Improve shade vegetation and infrastructure by 2023 that can protect at least 90% of crop and livestock from
heat stress
STRATEGIES
A2.1.1 a) Retain and increase strategic tree planting, to provide shade and protection for livestock around holding
yards and pastures, and shade around water supplies; b) where vegetation may not be possible, devise and
erect semi-permanent and permeable shade shelters over holding yards, and use permeable shade netting or
screening over crops, to provide relief from heat stress.
A2.1.2 Diversify crop species for food production, from exposed broad-acre planting methods to sheltered, controlled-
climate planting methods such as aquaponics, hydroponics, and greenhouses.

GOAL A2: Healthy and resilient crop and livestock production in SEQ

GOAL A3: Healthy fertile soils across SEQ

OBJECTIVE
A3.1 Reduce chemical use and pollution in rural production processes by 50% across SEQ region by 2023, with a
complete ban on chemical use by 2033.

STRATEGIES
A3.1.1 Vegetate tailwater ponds to filter and purify harvested irrigation water runoff to be used for recycling, to reduce
chemical residue and leaching

A3.1.2 Diversify crop species to minimise the spread of disease and pests, and reduce the need for pesticides and
fertilisers

A3.1.3 Transition from chemical fertiliser use to organic matter for natural fertiliser through sustainable soil and pest
management practices


11

Chemical use such as fertiliser and pesticides is standard
practice in agriculture in developed countries. Chemical
residues damage soil nutrients. To reduce chemical use in
agriculture, three strategies are implemented, that focus on
reducing chemical residue (A3.1.1) and reducing chemical
fertiliser use (A3.1.2, and A3.1.3).

Both Federal and State Government departments will
administer these strategies through information provided on
government websites. The strategies will be implemented in
two stages, with Stage 1 requiring a 50% reduction in
chemical use over the first ten years. After the ten years, the
remaining 50% usage will be phased out, with a complete ban
on chemical use in agriculture by the year 2033.
The environmental benefit of these strategies is the
assurance of soil fertility for the future that enables healthy
soils to continue producing. Healthy produce results in
economic benefits, such as income for farmers, and social
benefits, such as a nutritious food supply for consumers.
Strategy 3.1.1 offers dual benefits as vegetated tailwater
ponds help to reduce evaporation (refer A1.1.1). Further detail
about improving soils with organic matter is provided in a case
study for mixed crop-livestock farming systems (refer Volume
2, Section 6.4.3) and sustainable farming practices (refer
Volume 2, Section 6.4.5). Strategy links are found with
Biodiversity to reduce chemical use in the environment
(refer Section 10.7).

SEQ soils are considered to be in good condition, but the
threat of salinity, from over-use and intensive irrigation,
increases the risk of soil degradation. The threat of salinity is
real in SEQ and will only increase with rapid population
growth, as food demands increase, and more pressure is
placed on soils to be productive. The threat of climate
change and extreme weather events such as floods,
increases opportunities of erosion on exposed soils and
compounds the pressure further. Strategies A3.2.2 and
A3.2.3 will improve soil fertility and preservation through
coverage of exposed soils. Strategy A3.2.1 ensures
maintenance and good management of the soil for the long
term, and provides knowledge that will assist in effective
decision making. Implementation of these strategies will be
coordinated by DAFF (A3.2.2) and DNRM (A3.2.1 and
A3.2.3).
Alternative and sustainable farming methods such as
conservation tillage, mulch, cover crops and mixed crop-
livestock rotations all incorporate partially covering exposed
soils, to reduce the opportunity of erosion from wind, and to
use the vegetation for nutrient cycling. Case studies are
provided (refer Volume 2, Section 6.4.2; 6.4.5), for details of
conservation tilling and sustainable farming for strategy
A3.2.2. As sustainable farming practices reduce energy
consumption, further information is provided for strategy
linkages between energy and agriculture in Section 10.7.
The main benefactor of these strategies is the environment
and the agro-ecosystem, as healthy soils are the foundation
for healthy vegetation and crops. Vegetation coverage
prevents erosion and preserves soils, offering protection from
floods.

GOAL A3: Healthy fertile soils across SEQ
OBJECTIVE
A3.2 Improve soil preservation and fertility by 50% on all farms in SEQ by 2023

STRATEGIES
A3.2.1 Conduct regular soil testing and reporting of soil nutrient levels, for effective decisions on crop suitability

A3.2.2 Encourage alternative and sustainable farming methods and practices to enhance soil fertility, nutrient
recycling and soil preservation

A3.2.3 Vegetate dams, tailwater ponds, creek beds and any areas of disturbed and exposed soil to preserve the soil
and enhance soil fertility


12

Climate change poses uncertainty for the future, but the
reality is that SEQ already suffers with extreme weather
events and hot summer temperatures, water stress and
salinity issues. To be resilient to the impacts of climate
change, specific knowledge, and effective and adaptive
decision-making skills are required. Investment in
Education, Research and Development is vital to ensure
the agricultural community is well educated and prepared
for change. The five strategies above focus on education
and training in sustainable agriculture practices. Case
studies in adaptive management and sustainable farming
are provided (refer Volume 2, Section 6.4.4, 6.4.5) for
further details.
Federal and State government departments and other
government bodies such as Skilled Queensland will jointly
administer implementation of these strategies. The
Queensland Farmers Federation (QFF) and volunteers will
administer the mentoring program (A4.1.4).
The beneficiaries of these five strategies are the
agricultural community of SEQ. These strategies provide
job skills, enhanced social networks in isolated, rural
environments; knowledge sharing that fosters innovation,
and renewed confidence for farmers that agriculture is an
industry for the future. This renewed confidence will lead to
economic stimulus for the rural communities of the SEQ
RLRPA.

GOAL A4: Knowledgeable, innovative and connected agricultural community in SEQ

OBJECTIVE
A4.1 Inform all SEQ primary producers about sustainable agriculture over the next 5 years and encourage participation in education
and training to transition from traditional agriculture practices to sustainable agriculture practices

STRATEGIES
A4.1.1 Invest in educational partnership programs with research bodies, industry and local businesses to promote sustainable
agricultural practices

A4.1.2 Provide tax incentives for farm managers to participate in on-going education and training in sustainable agriculture practices

A4.1.3 Transition from current control based management practices in traditional agriculture to adaptive management practices in
sustainable agriculture, through education and training

A4.1.4 Establish a mentoring program and network of experienced, traditional farmers with no succession plan, to mentor new farm
managers, to enable a transfer of knowledge and experience whilst adapting to new sustainable practices

A4.1.5 Review and adapt tertiary education curriculums in agriculture and agricultural management to include sustainable farming
methods and Indigenous land values


13

Figure 2: Agriculture Strateg
Figure 2: Agriculture Strategy Map


14

7.0 Biodiversity: Habitat Protection

Biodiversity and habitat protection within SEQ is adaptive, sustainable and effective in the preservation and
restoration of natural environments and biodiversity within the region. Natural environment integrates with other
industries to ensure increased awareness of the significance of sustainable practice and the impacts on native
flora and fauna species, and aid biodiversity in the transition from a changing climate and a rapidly growing
population.
7.0 Biodiversity: Habitat Protection


15

7.1 Biodiversity in SEQ

Biodiversity and protected natural environments are significant features of SEQ (DIP, 2009a). Biodiversity and areas of
high ecological importance underpins quality of life and the economy within SEQ. Biodiversity holds a direct relationship to
the RLRPA as it relies on healthy and connected ecosystems for survival. SEQ has been identified as being an ecological
hotspot for its important attributes such as ideal climatic conditions, natural environments and rich biodiversity including
the most significant natural koala populations in Australia (DERM, 2012).
Biodiversity within SEQ has multiple weaknesses that degrade its current fragile condition. It is sensitive to change and
prone to fragmentation. The loss and destruction of habitat due to land clearing for urban or agricultural purpose causes a
subsequent loss in habitats, causing species exhaustion (DIP, 2009a). Loss of habitat is recognised as a key issue for
koala survival (DERM, 2012).
Biodiversity within Australia is facing continual threat from climate change and rapid population growth (Natural Resource
Management Ministerial Council, 2009).
There are several main issues associated with biodiversity and habitat protection that need to be managed in the future to
aid the transition due to severe climate change and rapid population growth effects. These are as follows:
1. Land use conflicts
2. Degradation of natural environments due to an expanding urban footprint
3. Fragmentation of habitats due to urban and agriculture development
4. Unsustainable industry practices
5. Lack of in depth research
6. Lack of social awareness
Protection of biodiversity and natural environments within SEQ is largely influenced by the growth of the region.
Identification of the issues associated with the expansion of SEQ enables opportunity to adapt and reduce the impacts that
may occur. The goals, objectives and strategies for biodiversity: habitat protection, provide an approach to better these
issues and manage them in a way that will provide growth for the region with limited impact on biodiversity and the SEQ
natural environment and habitats.
7.1 Biodiversity in SEQ


16

7.2 Biodiversity: Goals, Objectives and Strategies

IMPLEMENTATION OF OBJECTIVE B1.1
Implementation of strategies B1.1.1, B1.1.2, B1.1.3 and
B1.1.4 to increase protected natural areas within SEQ will be
achieved by review and amendment of current zoning (B1.1.1
and B1.1.4), frameworks (B1.1.2) and policies (B1.1.3)
relevant to the natural environment and biodiversity
management within SEQ.
Department of Environment and Heritage Protection (DEHP)
(B1.1.1, B1.1.2 and B1.1.3) and the Department of National
Parks, Recreation, Sport and Racing (DNPRSR) (B1.1.4)
along with relevant Local Governments will implement the
above strategies. Therefore coordination between the
different tiers of government is a fundamental requirement to
ensure implementation of strategies is achieved.
The primary beneficiary of the above strategies is the SEQ
natural environment and biodiversity populations. The
Queensland Government will also benefit with additional
funding from implementation of strategy B.1.1.2 Biodiversity
Banking (refer Volume 2, Section 7.4.4) for more information
on Biodiversity Banking.
The above strategies encourage a reduction of urban and
agricultural encroachment of protected natural environments
throughout the SEQ region. The above strategies are
affordable and can be implemented within short term. These
strategies will be reviewed in 2023 to evaluate efficiency (refer
Section 11.0).

GOAL B1: Ensure sustainable growth of SEQ with limited impacts on protected natural environments and
diverse biodiversity
OBJECTIVE
B1.1 Increase protected natural areas by 50% by 2023
STRATEGIES
B1.1.1 Review current zoning within SEQ and increase conservation areas
B1.1.2 Introduce a Biodiversity Banking policy to address the management of protected areas within SEQ
B1.1.3 Introduce strict policy and licensing prohibiting the removal of native vegetation in areas of high ecological
significance, including habitats of threatened species or Biodiversity corridors
B1.1.4 Increase the number of regional National Parks
GOAL B1: Ensure sustainable growth of SEQ with limited impacts on protected natural environments and
diverse biodiversity
OBJECTIVE
B1.2 Reduce urban and agricultural encroachment and fragmentation on natural environments by 90%
STRATEGIES
B1.2.1 Prohibit clearing of protected natural environments and habitats and update policy on land clearing
B1.2.2 Provide Biodiversity Corridors between the SEQ RLRPA and existing national parks to enable protected
movement of species throughout the region
B1.2.3 Prohibit development in areas that may cause habitat fragmentation
7.2 Biodiversity: Goals, Objectives and Strategies


17

Implementation of strategies B1.2.1, B1.2.2, and B1.2.3 to
reduce urban and agricultural encroachment of protected
natural environments within SEQ will be achieved by updating
land clearing policy (B1.2.1), implementation of corridors
throughout the region (B1.2.2) and prohibiting development in
areas that may cause fragmentation (B.2.3).
The DEHP along with relevant Local governments will
implement the above strategies. Therefore coordination
between the different tiers of government is a fundamental
requirement to ensure implementation of strategies is
achieved.
Queensland Government Department of Climate Change
formulated from this report will benefit with additional funding
from fine revenue from the implementation of strategy B.1.2.3.
A case study on Biodiversity Corridors is provided in Volume
2, Section 7.4.2 for further information.
The above strategies encourage a reduction of urban and
agricultural encroachment of protected natural environments
throughout the SEQ region. The above strategies are
affordable and can be implemented within short term. These
strategies will be reviewed in 2023 to evaluate efficiency
(refer Section 11.0 to see timeline of strategies in full).

The above strategies (B2.1.1, B2.1.2, B2.1.3 and B2.1.4) aim
to increase the population of threatened and endangered
species within SEQ. by the introduction of breeding and
research programs (B2.1.1 and B2.1.2), NGO organisation
(B2.1.3) and monitoring of invasive species (B2.1.4).

Implementation of the above strategies will occur by DEHP
along with relevant Local governments and NGOs. Therefore
coordination between the different tiers of government and
NGO agencies is a fundamental requirement to ensure
implementation of strategies is achieved.

Queensland Government will benefit through the prestigious
global recognition due to the rarity of implementation of an
innovative research program strategy such as B2.1.2 Gene
Banking. A case study is provided on Gene Banking in
Volume 2, Section 7.4.3 for further information.
The above strategies encourage an increase in population of
threatened and endangered species throughout the SEQ
region. The above strategies are innovative and proactive and
can be implemented within short term. These strategies will
be reviewed in 2023 to evaluate efficiency (refer Section
11.0 to see timeline of strategies in full).

GOAL B2: Protect native flora and fauna species within SEQ against the impacts of climate change and
rapid population growth

OBJECTIVE
B2.1 Ensure a 20% increase in population of threatened and endangered species by 2023, and a 50% increase in
population by 2033
STRATEGIES
B2.1.1 Implementation of significant species breeding and habitat restoration programs within SEQ, with inclusion of an
annual review of threatened and endangered species population statistics
B2.1.2 Encourage research programs such as Gene Banking to study threatened and endangered species, including
periodic monitoring of priority species
B2.1.3 Increase Non-Government Organisations for disaster response coordination, to ensure the protection of natural
habitats
B2.1.4 Introduction of annual monitoring of invasive species emphasising focal entrances of pests into the region


17

Implementation of strategies (B2.2.1 and B2.2.2) aims to
reduce habitat destruction from human activities within SEQ.
This will be achieved by providing government incentives
such as tax rebates and grants and disincentives such as
severe fines (B2.2.1 and B2.2.2) and an increase in
enforcement for protected natural areas (B2.2.2). Strategy
B2.2.1 is linked to the agriculture strategies of A3.1.2 and
A3.1.3 (refer Section 10.7).
The DEHP along with relevant Local governments and
enforcement agencies will implement the above strategies.
Therefore coordination between the different tiers of
government and enforcement agencies is a fundamental
requirement to ensure implementation of strategies is
achieved.

Queensland Government Department of Climate Change
formulated from this report will benefit with additional funding
from fine revenue from the implementation of strategies
B2.2.1 and B2.2.2.
The above strategies encourage a reduction in habitat
destruction from human activities throughout the SEQ
region. The above strategies are necessary for an
aggressive approach to achieve a reduced human impact on
habitats and can be implemented within the short
term. These strategies will be reviewed in 2023 to
evaluate efficiency (refer Section 11.0 to see timeline of
strategies in full).

Strategies B3.1.1 and B3.1.2 increases public awareness
campaigns, introduces educational programs (B3.1.1) and
community information evenings (B3.1.2).
The DEHP along with relevant Local governments and QLD
State Department of Education will implement the above
strategies. Therefore coordination between the different tiers
of government and different government departments is a
fundamental requirement to ensure implementation of
strategies is achieved.
residents, students and community members of SEQ
interested in gaining knowledge on the issues associated
with biodiversity will benefit from the implementation of
strategies B3.1.1 and B3.1.2.
These strategies will be reviewed in 2023 to evaluate
efficiency (refer Section 11.0 to see timeline of strategies in
full).

GOAL B3: Raise Awareness of the challenges facing Biodiversity to promote the intrinsic value of
Biodiversity within SEQ
OBJECTIVE
B3.1 Increase public awareness campaigns by 60% by 2023
STRATEGIES
B3.1.1 Introduce compulsory educational programs into schools highlighting the importance and challenges of biodiversity

B3.1.2 Provide information evenings to communities to promote awareness of the importance of biodiversity
GOAL B3: Raise Awareness of the challenges facing Biodiversity to promote the intrinsic value of
Biodiversity within SEQ
OBJECTIVE
B3.2 Reduce invasive recreational activities such as traditional tourism 80% by 2033
STRATEGIES
B3.2.1 Promote extensive transition of traditional tourism to Eco-tourism by providing government incentives such as grants to
private tourism business owners to ensure their business practices are eco-conscious
B3.2.2 Provide information regarding eco-conscious practices and activities when in or near national parks or ecologically
significant areas of SEQ


19

Implementation of strategies B3.2.1 and B3.2.2 to reduce
invasive recreational activities such as traditional tourism
within SEQ will be achieved by promoting extensive transition
of traditional tourism to Eco-tourism by providing government
incentives such as grants (B3.2.1) and providing information
regarding eco-conscious practices and activities (B3.2.2).
The QLD DEHP along will implement the above strategies in
conjunction with the QLD State Department of Tourism,
Regional Development and Industry with relevant Local
Governments. Therefore coordination between the different
tiers of government and government departments is a
fundamental requirement to ensure implementation of
strategies is achieved.

Queensland Government will benefit through increased
revenue from the Tourism industry from the implementation of
the strategy B3.2.1 Eco-tourism (refer Volume 2, Section
7.4.1).
The above strategies encourage a reduction of invasive
recreational activities such as traditional tourism throughout
the SEQ region. The above strategies are innovative and
proactive and can be implemented within short term. These
strategies will be reviewed in 2023 to evaluate efficiency (refer
Section 11.0 to see timeline of strategies in full).


20

Figure 3: Biodiversity S
Figure X: Biodiversity Strategy Maps
Figure 3: Biodiversity Strategy Map


21

8.0 Energy: Supply and Distribution

8.1 Energy in SEQ
8.0 Energy: Supply and Distribution
An electrical infrastructure network that is efficient, reliable, sustainable and affordable as well
as resilient to the effects of future climate change and rapid population growth. This network
should be mutually beneficial for producers, retailers and consumers with minimal conflict on
other industry and the natural environment.


22

The SEQ energy network supplies households with energy as well as water access, drives industry such as agriculture
and natural resource extraction and powers development. Energex is SEQs energy distributor, currently responsible for
36,000 kilometers of overhead powerlines, 13,000 kilometers of underground cables, 600,000 plus power poles and 249
substations (refer Figure 3). This infrastructure supports 1.3 million customers in the region. Energex is constantly
working to ensure this infrastructure is resilient to the impacts of climate change and population growth.
The utilities industry are establishing cleaner and more efficient ways to produce, distribute and use energy to adapt to
climate change, oil vulnerability, aging infrastructure, larger homes and rapid population growth. Worldwide, the energy
industry is a large contributor to greenhouse gas emissions (EPA, 2012). There is a current reliance on coal-fired power
stations, as it is a cheap, efficient and consistent energy source. Utilities industries have recognised the need to invest i n
sustainable methodologies for future power generation (Quillinan, 2011).
There are seven main issues associated with energy production and distribution that need to be managed into the future
that will experience severe climate change and rapid population growth effects. These are as follows:
1. Current reliance on fossil fuels energy production due to large abundance
2. 50% energy loss during from production to consumption point.
3. Un-resilient electrical infrastructure to cope with current and future weather events
4. Limited electrical infrastructure to support renewable energy sources
5. Land use conflicts
6. Peak energy demand
7. Limited choice of energy provider
Sustainable growth within SEQ is constrained by current inefficient energy supply and consumption. Identification of
these issues enables great opportunity to adapt and reduce the impacts that may occur. The goals, objectives and
strategies for energy provide objectives to better these issues and manage them in a way the will provide growth for the
region. Timeframes for implementation of these strategies is provided in Section 11.0.
8.1 Energy in SEQ


23

8.2 Energy: Goals, Objectives and Strategies

IMPLEMENTATION OF OBJECTIVE E1.1
The regional planning process in SEQ makes a significant
contribution to the implementation of renewable energy
solutions to reduce greenhouse gas emissions.
Implementation of the above strategies to increase
renewable energy production will be achieved by redesign
of state and federal policy (E1.1.1, E1.1.2, E1.1.3), provision
of education regarding impacts of current energy practices
(E1.1.4) and regulation of audit practices (E1.1.5) of the
strategies intended to improve the environment quality and
reduce greenhouse gas emissions. All of which will
guarantee a smooth transition to a sustainable, efficient,
reliable and affordable renewable energy industry for
providers and consumers.

Strategies will be implemented through Federal Government
(E1.1.1, E1.1.2), State Government Departments
(Department of Energy and Water Supply (DEWS)) (E1.1.3),
education providers (E1.1.4) and independent auditors with
no bias towards the success of current reigning government
parties (E1.1.5).

The beneficiaries of the above strategies are seen greatest
for the renewable energy industry, as the above strategies
will encourage greater use and reliance of sustainable,
efficient, reliable as well as affordable renewable energy
solutions throughout the region. As well as this, consumers
and taxpayers in the long term will benefit from
environmental taxes and regulation of such strategies, as
money will be used in a way that protects and manages the
issues associated with climate change.

The contribution of these and other strategies will be
strengthened over time by the development and
understanding of the need to move to a long-term
sustainable and non-polluting energy industry.

GOAL E1: Produce and distribute efficient, reliable, sustainable and affordable energy solutions to the
region during the transition from coal-powered energy to renewable energy solution
OBJECTIVE
E1.1 Increase the use of renewable energy, reducing the current fossil fuels emissions from coal extraction and
energy production from 5% to 15% by 2018, 30% by 2023, 45% by 2028 and 60% by 2033

STRATEGIES
E1.1.1 Remove government subsidies on fossil fuel to equilise the market for renewable/non-renewable energy
sources, providing incentives for consumers to invest in renewable solutions

E1.1.2 Provide government subsidies and grants for renewable energy implementation in commercial and industrial
industry

E1.1.3 Implement useful and effective incentives including government subsidies and household grants to encourage
domestic investment in renewable energy solutions such as solar panels, hydrogen fuel cells and wind power.

E1.1.4 Provide education to individuals within the region to encourage implementation of sustainable, renewable and
efficient energy solutions

E1.1.5 Employ an independent audit of government owned corporations to ensure government incentives and taxes
such as carbon tax and other emitting taxes are used for their intended purpose

8.2 Energy: Goals, Objectives and Strategies


26

The current practices for transferring energy across the
region promote high waste, loss and inefficiencies of 50%
from production point to consumption point. As well as this
the regional landscape generally has less access and
security to basic social infrastructure. The above strategies
strive to reduce this inefficiency into the future as the severity
of climate change and population growth increase energy
demands throughout the region. The above strategies work
in promoting the need for changing infrastructure to support
higher energy transfer with lower loss through the
implementation of super conductors and high-super
conductors (E1.2.1).
Despite the significant cost difference, the benefits will be
found in the lower production rates and producers will gain
larger profits for changing this inefficiency, as supply to the
regional areas will continue to rise in areas of agriculture and
water distribution. Subsidies and grants will be given to
business, industry as well as individual households that
transition to innovative sustainable energy solutions both on
and off main power grid (E1.2.2). This also includes the
development of renewable RAPS to support regional
communities in a more sustainable and cost effective way for
energy providers and consumers (E1.2.3), through lowered
infrastructure construction and maintenance into the future of
increased climate change.
Implementation of these strategies will be seen primarily
through individual energy providers such as Powerlink,
Energex and Ergon energy throughout the region of SEQ
(E1.2.1, E1.2.3). Despite this, State Government Department
of Infrastructure and Energy Supply will help manage funding
and ensure greater transition and installation of renewable
energy supply in regional environments. Incentives provided
by the State Government again will increase the
implementation of such sustainable practices into domestic
and commercial use.
The main beneficiaries of such strategies are energy
providers and consumers as providing more efficient energy
to consumers will reduce the cost of production, as
production will be halved to supply households with current
consumption amounts due to reduction of losses. Renewable
energy industry will also see a rise of users within the
regional landscape, as it will be more cost effective for
regional communities to provide their electricity nearby to
reduce transfer distance.

OBJECTIVE
E1.2 Provide efficient solutions for transferring energy to rural areas, minimising current loss and waste during
distribution from 50% to 0-20%

STRATEGIES
E.1.2.1 Increase numbers of high efficiency transformers for example superconductors and higher temperature super
conductors to minimise energy loss (currently 8% - 15% from power station to users).

E1.2.2 Provide government incentives to innovative solution providers to stimulate the investment of efficient energy
technology within the RLRPA

E1.2.3 Develop cost effective renewable Remote Area Power Supply (RAPS) to regional areas, to support small
regional communities or individual properties


27

Supporting the transition from current energy production
practices through the reliance of coal based production, to
more renewable energy solutions is the essential point in
ensuring a strong economy is established and maintained.
The success and reliance of energy impacts all other
industries significantly agriculture and water distribution
throughout regional landscape of SEQ.

In order to make this process as smooth as possible the
above strategies have been implemented and designed to
minimise the impacts on the economy, business and
individuals as possible. The above strategies each focus of
different energy distribution necessities. Through the
gradual decommission and retrofitting of power stations
(E1.3.1), as well as increasing the size and supportive
ability of transmission grids to support greater amounts of
energy solutions will provide a slow and effective transition,
however expensive (E1.3.2). This price is managed
through the long-term benefits on the environment and
consumer costs. Education on these benefits as well as
addition training where job loss is experienced will ensure
this transition for individuals is also understood and smooth
(E1.3.3).
The strategies will be implemented through primary
stakeholders. This includes the SEQ energy providers, as
decommissioning and installation of smart grids is directly
related to the efficiency standards of the industry. The
support of communities and individual throughout the
region will be based on the education and advertising
provided to the public in regards to the benefits and
increased costs that may be associated in the short for the
long term benefits of renewable energy production.

There are multiple beneficiaries of achieving this objective.
These include the renewable energy industry throughout
the continued support from the current energy providers
(E1.3.1, E1.3.3) the natural environment from continual
lowered emissions from energy industry (E1.3.1),
consumers that are currently using domestic energy
solutions as households can distribute surplus energy to
other households through increased transmission of energy
supply on the main power grid (E1.3.2), general publics
increased reliability and efficiency of electricity supply
(E1.3.2) as well as training to individuals who may
experience job loss from this important transition (E1.3.3).

OBJECTIVE
E1.3 Establish a supported transition for coal-powered energy to renewable energy by 40% by 2023, and 70% by
2033, to help minimise economic losses and maximize capital

STRATEGIES
E1.3.1 Decommission power stations running on coal within the region, retrofitting infrastructure to support renewable
energy sources

E1.3.2 Improve the transmission grid, e.g. smart grids, to support alternative energy sources such as solar power,
hydrogen cells and wind energy

E1.3.3 Provide appropriate training for individuals who may encounter job loss due to transition from coal powered
energy to renewable energy, allowing for potential job opportunities within growing sustainable industry


28

Without change of electrical infrastructure into the future the
severe impacts of climate change will cause continual
outages throughout the whole region. The importance of
ensuring electrical infrastructure is resilient relates directly
with the success, reliability and affordability of energy. The
more resilient, the less maintenance costs to rises, as well as
the general increase is convenience for consumers. The
above strategies are implemented by the Energy providers
(E2.2.1, E2.2.2) and State government departments and
monitored by the State governments.

The beneficiaries of the above strategies include the
consumers in the regional landscape, as improving
infrastructure resilience provides consumers with a
significantly more reliable electricity network whether it is on-
grid or RAPS. Energy providers also benefit from investing
money into increasing infrastructure resilient, increasing
efficient energy use and economic stimulus.

Through recognition of the benefits of providing more resilient
infrastructure solutions to manage the effects of future climate
change and rapid population growth (E2.1.1) as well as
monitoring and surveillance of infrastructure development
plans before implementation and construction of future
electrical infrastructure (E2.1.2) ensure knowledge and
success of providing more resilient, cost effective, reliable,
affordable and efficient electricity to the region, especially in
areas where climate change weather events have greater
potential for impact.

GOAL E2: Provide infrastructure that is resilient to climate change and a growing population

OBJECTIVE
E2.1 Develop resilient electrical infrastructure to manage the impacts of climate change (rising ambient temperatures,
flooding and storms) to reduce loss and maintenance cost by 40% by 2023 and 80% by 2033
STRATEGIES
E2.1.1 Eliminate vulnerable infrastructure within the RLRPA through the stimulation and development of Remote Area
Power Supply (RAPS) and other off grid renewable electricity renewable generation technologies

E.2.1.2 Strategic placement of electrical infrastructure outside designated flood prone regions, in areas where this
cannot be avoided implement load control and switching techniques, to minimise risk of power outages to bigger
areas

E2.1.3 Flood prone areas must construct future power lines in areas higher than the Defined Flood Level. Eliminating
flood prone areas being switched off to enable continued supply to unaffected areas

E2.1.4 Cyclone prone areas: must be designed in accordance AS1170.2 Structure Design Action: Part 2 Wind
Action. This cyclone plan must be reviewed every five years to manage the worsening effects of climate change

E2.1.5 Ambient Temperature Rise: Construct taller power lines to mitigate heat sagging. As temperature continue to
raise, implementation of super conductors to minimise energy loss

E2.1.6 Implement underground power lines to areas that experience severe climate change weather impacts, to
minimise effects on infrastructure such as temperature rise, electrical storms and cyclones


29

Land use conflict is an issue for more issue areas than
energy. It impacts agricultural production, biodiversity, land
liveability, issues related to access, water distribution as well
as transit routes. In the case of energy, there are often
impacts through the location and placement of electrical
infrastructure or a conflict between the natural geological
landscapes on electrical infrastructure reliability. In both case,
the above strategies aim to manage this issue in the event of
climate change and rapid population as reliability of
infrastructure must be improved to ensure consumer
contentment and producer success.

Through planning corridors (E2.2.1), more effective land use
zones (E2.2.1), undergrounding of electrical infrastructure
(E2.2.4), and provision of government subsidies (E2.2.3)
immediate action will be taken in ensuring a reduction in land
use conflict therefore allowing different land use zones to
prosper without disruption. The implementation of these
strategies will be through related energy State government
departments (E2.2.1, E2.2.2, and E2.2.3). Energy providers
are decision makers of locational distribution of electrical
infrastructure, but this must be in accordance with land use
zones and appropriate corridor design. Approval, as noted in
the strategy will be given by the Environmental Protection
Agency (EPA) before any implementation can occur within the
region (E2.2.2), ensuring land use conflict does not occur or is
avoided to its best ability (judgment based on EPA
professionals and EPA guidelines).

Reduced land conflicts provides the natural environment with
less habitat reduction and loss of biodiversity (E2.2.1, E2.2.2),
agriculture and mining with designated land that is
uninterrupted by land use conflict and overlap (E2.2.1,
E2.2.2). Often arrangements for electrical infrastructure to
pass within these areas will occur but again this must coincide
with the appropriate land use planning. This planning will
provide long-term benefit to the energy industry and all
conflicts will be avoided.

GOAL E2: Provide infrastructure that is resilient to climate change and a growing population

OBJECTIVE
E2.2 Reduce 80% of land use conflicts through alternative solutions for supplying, distributing and transferring energy
from power stations to urban and rural areas by 2033
STRATEGIES
E2.2.1 Establish and implement land use zones to minimise land use conflict between agriculture, mining, utilities and
the natural environment

E2.2.2 Plan electrical infrastructure corridors before construction, to minimise land use conflict. Local government
councils and the Environmental Protection Agency must approve this before construction, if further construction
occurs outside of the plan boundaries fines of up to $50,000 - $100,000 will be enforced. In areas of unavoidable
conflict, a government subsidy will be provided to the victims and energy industries will pay land use tax

E2.2.3 In areas of unavoidable impact, a government subsidy will be provided to industries to minimise impact such as
implementation of underground power lines. If this cannot occur, business must pay an environmental tax on
impacted land

E2.2.4 Implement underground power lines in environments that experience severe agriculture, mining or
environmental land use conflict


30

Peak demand causes issues for energy providers, as
electrical infrastructure cannot cope with the amount of
electrical traffic transferring throughout the network. There is
greater loss and waste during peak periods, as well as
excess emissions due to unnecessary use and exertion of
appliances within households. The above strategies aim to
reduce use, where there is common household waste by
providing incentives to consumers such as grants and
reduced electricity costs when households change current
daily practices (E3.1.2, E3.1.3, E3.1.4). Through provision of
education to households and communities of the impacts of
excess peak use, and the increased cost that are associated
with upgrading electrical infrastructure reaping effects on
consumers (E3.1.3). This is a major challenge that the region
faces into the future, as it is faced with rapid population
growth. These strategies will be implemented through State
Government Departments (E3.1.1, E3.1.3 and E3.1.4),
energy retailers and producers (E3.1.2, E3.1.5 and E3.1.6)
Producers will be faced with the need to produce the same
quantity as the population doubles, as control of energy use
will be seen. Retailers will experience an economic benefit if
consumers continue to use excess electricity unnecessarily
(E3.1.2 and E3.1.6.). Consumers who utilise the opportunity
for grants and subsidies will benefit from the above strategies
(E3.1.1). The environment will be given the greatest
advantage if consumption is lowered throughout times of
peak use as well as other periods of the day from all of the
above strategies.

GOAL E3: Provide and distribute efficient, reliable, sustainable and affordable energy solutions to the
region to reduce energy demand and consumption
OBJECTIVE
E3.1 Minimise peak energy consumption by 25% by 2018 and 50% by 2033, providing incentives to spread energy
usage during other periods of the day

STRATEGIES
E3.1.1 Implement building efficiency standards, encouraging use of sustainable design principles such as natural
shading, window glazing and natural ventilation to reduce use and provide cost efficient energy. Approval of
efficiency standards through local area councils must occur before any development can proceed

E3.1.2 Increase the cost of energy by 10% in low peak periods and 25% during peak periods, providing incentive for
domestic consumers to minimise energy consumption, reducing demand and waste within households. Lower
incomes will be given government subsidies to manage price rise.

E3.1.3 Increase advertising and education of energy life cycle and the impact of current practices on the natural
environment

E3.1.4 Provide government grants for households that consume below a baseline threshold of energy per month/per
person

E3.1.5 Manage distribution of peak energy periods enabling households a threshold of energy consumption,
consuming more than this amount doubles the cost of all energy used within this time period

E3.1.6 Implement Load Control Switches within the energy industry, enabling signals to be sent by the program
operator to help minimise use and peak demand.


31

Privatising the energy sector is an option that has been in
discussion for multiple years. This strategy aims to solve
the issues associated with competitive market as well as
greater more strategic funding of electrical infrastructure
into the future. Privatisation allows for future funding to be
controlled by private parties and more funding from GOCs
to be used in other industry such as medicine and
education allowing a greater economic growth for all
involved. Privatising the energy sector will also help
provide more affordable energy solutions for consumers,
through the strategic spending from private energy
industries reducing the price of energy and unnecessary
inflation. This will provide mutual benefits for energy
providers and consumers.

GOAL E3: Provide and distribute efficient, reliable, sustainable and affordable energy solutions to the
region to reduce energy demand and consumption
OBJECTIVE
E3.2 Provide choice of energy provider to people allowing for more affordable options to support individual household
incomes by 2018
.
STRATEGIES
E3.2.1 Privatise the energy industry, providing a free, open and competitive market to be established, providing
affordable options for users investing in the renewable energy sector


32

Figure 4: Energy Strateg
Figure 4: Energy Strategy Map


33

9.0 Transport: Transit Networks

9.0 Transport: Transit Network
Management
A simultaneous and gradual increase in sustainable transport and a reduction in car
dependency in SEQ. All transport modes will be supported by climate change resilient
infrastructure and transport services will adapt to the needs of a growing population. This
transport network will be beneficial for Government, road users, producers, and the freight
industry and transport providers.


34

9.1 Transport in SEQ

The current transit networks within SEQ are predominantly strong providing both rail and road networks for people and goods across
the region. Rural SEQ also has existing transport options to residents such as community transport (e.g. RSL buses), council cabs
and personal cars. In terms of freight, rural SEQ is in close proximity to well established freight infrastructure, including Brisbane
Airport and Port of Brisbane (Spearritt 2009). The latter is also connected to three intermodal terminals at the Port of Brisbane,
Acacia Ridge and Moolabin (Department of Transport and Main Roads (DTMR) 2011), which increases the viability of rail freight.
Current transit networks within SEQ have suffered from low public transport investment. Lack of investment in public transport has
flow-on effects for road congestion and freight efficiency, creating the need for new road infrastructure upgrades, which are not
necessarily needed. This is worsened by the increased scarcity of fossil fuels. Private sector investments in large transport
infrastructure projects are vital for future transport (Department of Transport and Main Roads (DTMR) 2011) but have recently
lessened due to difficulty securing finances and doubts about liability (Australian Broadcasting Corporation (ABC) 2013). This affects
the large transport infrastructure connecting the RLRPA to other areas within the region.
Six main issues associated with climate change and rapid population growth in the transport industry that need to be
managed within the 20 year timeframe of this plan are as follows:
1. Lack of public transport investment in SEQ
2. Lack of alternatives to the car when commuting between rural communities
3. Scarcity of oil
4. Ever-increasing demand for more transport infrastructure
5. Lack of long term infrastructure investment
6. Lack of environmental consideration from the freight industry
Sustainable growth of transport networks is limited by the infrastructure expenditure and peoples travel behaviours. The
goals, objectives and strategies for transport provide objectives to better these issues and manage transport in a way
which will allow the region to prosper. The timeframes for implementation of these strategies is provided in Section
11.0.
9.1 Transport in SEQ


35

9.2 Transport: Goals, Objectives and Strategies

IMPLEMENTATION OF OBJECTIVE T1.1
Creating areas outside the inner city, which can support
compact growth helps reduce sprawl in the RLRPA and
enables rural growth in areas with existing transit hubs.
Strategies within this objective will not create TOD, but will
change the planning and development environment so that
TOD development can be achieved. This strategy addresses
both mitigation and adaptation by reducing the costs of the
inevitable increasing fuel costs as well as increasing
sustainable transport such as rail transit. The DTMR who will
implement local planning scheme requirements will drive this
initiative. Successful implementation will also rely on local
council collaboration.
Property developers will also have a role to play in developing
TOD when the population and economic environment are right.
The strategies will be funded by state government funds but will
not be a large economic burden as the implementation costs
are not high. These strategies will be implemented in rural
centres, which have existing railways and TOD potential; these
centres are shown in Figure 5. The planning scheme
requirements (T1.1.1) will start immediately and run to 2033
with continuous monitoring. This will be achieved through
changing the current local planning scheme regulation and
legislation (T1.1.1) as well as government funding and
community meetings (T1.1.2).

GOAL T1: To encourage supply of sustainable transport while reducing demand for car transportation in
rural SEQ
OBJECTIVE
T1.1 Ensure at least 50% of new growth in the next 20 years is infill development in rural centres that support Transit
Orientated Development (TOD).

STRATEGIES
T1.1.1 Implement local planning scheme requirements to reduce car parking provisions in potential TOD areas and
reduce building height restrictions in potential TOD areas (such as Rosewood, Gatton, Helidon, Toowoomba,
Beaudesert, Glass House Mountains and Palmwoods) - (refer Figure 5).

T1.1.2 Requirement for Local councils to create a five year strategy which will:
Improve amenities near transit hubs;
Increase accessibility to transit hubs;
Make areas near transit hubs pleasant for pedestrians;
Create or enhance a central meeting place; and,
Reducing accessibility barriers to the TOD
T1.1.3 Provide financial incentives to developers who produce TOD in rural centres
9.2 Transport: Goals, Objectives and Strategies


36


Creating a Community Interest Company (CIC) to provide rural
transport services aims to reduce car dependency in the SEQ
RLRPA by providing transport options for rural residents. The
CIC will use the local community volunteers and expertise to
provide regional bus transportation. This company is not-for
profit and will rely on local community charity and participation
to help provide the service. In stage 1 (2 years long) this CIC
will be heavily subsidised by state government funding while
the CIC forms partnerships, markets the initiative, gathers
directors, procures investors and consults stakeholders. The
second stage will run to 2033 and will be more autonomous
with decreasing government funding as the strategy
progresses and the CIC becomes financially stable. The
DTMR will initially have a funding role to play in stage 1, but
some of this may be made back as the need for council cabs
will be reduced and in time the CIC will provide essential rural
transport service at very little cost to the government. The
beneficiaries of this strategy are firstly the rural residents who
will be provided with rural transport. Regular travel will also
strengthen community bonds between residents and
volunteers in the area. Volunteers may also get satisfaction out
contributing to the local community of which they are a part of.
When this strategy reaches maturity in phase 2 it will provide a
not-for-profit transport services with low costs, this will reduce
rural car dependency and also address rural social-exclusion.

IMPLEMENTATION OF OBJECTIVES T2.1
This strategy aims to address the future need for large scale
adaptation. It will be administered through government
funding and through the creation of a central administrative
agency, which will be held accountable for the success or
failure of the strategy. This agency will coordinate the on-
going research from a commissioned research institution and
coordinate it with relevant government departments
(Department of State Development, Infrastructure and
Planning (DSDIP), DTRM, DAFF). Once this is coordinated
between departments, investments will be prioritised and the
agency will make a decision to invest in adaptation solutions.
However, in situations where the research suggests there
may be value in deferring major

investment, Real Options Analysis will be used to set aside
investments until it should be invested. A case study on Real
Options Analysis is provided in Volume 2, Section 9.4.2 for
further information. The research will be funded by
government and taxpayers, but investment decisions to
infrastructure may have input by Federal Government as
many of the larger investments may be in the national interest
(such as investment to the port of Brisbane, major roads/rails
and other key transport/freight infrastructure). This research
will also be made publically available to households and
businesses to inform them of the situation and give them the
knowledge to privately adapt if they wish to.
GOAL T1: To encourage supply of sustainable transport while reducing demand for car transportation in the
regional landscape of SEQ

OBJECTIVE
T1.2 Increase rural community transport passenger numbers by 100% in areas outside the Brisbane urban footprint.

STRATEGIES
T1.2.1 Utilise the third sector to create a Community Interest Company, to provide transport services, particularly for
residents in SEQ outside the urban footprint
GOAL T2: To adapt the transport and freight industry and infrastructure to accommodate the inevitable
effects of climate change and rapid population growth
OBJECTIVE
T2.1 Increase knowledge on climate change impacts on transport in SEQ by 70% by 2033 in order to make more sound
adaptation investments

STRATEGIES
T2.1.1 Collate and conduct research, which will be used for real options decision making for big scale infrastructure
projects (such as the Port of Brisbane and the effects that it may encounter in the events of climate change and
rapid population growth)


37

.


Increasing resilience of the freight industry increases with
urgency as time goes on. This strategy will be implemented
immediately and will last until 2033. Implementation will be
achieved through industry meetings (T2.1.1) and government
loans and inspections (T2.2.2). It will involve the DTMR working
with key freight industry stakeholders to discuss emerging
technologies (T.2.1.1) and then an agreement will be made for
which of these will be accompanied by government loans to
implement (T.2.1.2). The main beneficiaries will be the freight
industry who will be eligible for government loans to improve
current practices and save money fuel prices continuously
increase.


Freight externalities will not only negatively impacts traffic within
the urban footprint but will also decrease the quality of produce,
which affects SEQ RLRPA. Legislation and regulation will be
used to reduce accidents and reduce congestion (T.3.1.1,
T.3.1.2 and T3.1.3),
as well as inspections and fines for offenders (T.3.1.4). The
DTRM will be the main implementer by introducing new
legislation (T.3.1.1, T.3.1.2, T3.1.3 and T3.1.4), which will
sometimes need coordination from Local governments (T3.1.3).

GOAL T2: To adapt the transport and freight industry and infrastructure to accommodate the inevitable effects
of climate change and rapid population growth
OBJECTIVE
T2.2 Collaboration between government and stakeholders within the freight industry to support more climate change
resilient freight practices by 2033
STRATEGIES
2.2.1 Hold yearly meetings with key stakeholders in the freight industry to discuss new environmentally sustainable
technologies and other measures, which alleviate the impacts of fuel scarcity
2.2.2 Provide loans to firms who implement new environmentally friendly technologies into their fleet
GOAL T3: Increase sustainability of current freight practices and processes
OBJECTIVE
T3.1 Encourage freight firms to reduce externalities such as congestion, noise and accidents by 30% by the year 2033
STRATEGIES
T3.1.1 Introduce town planning schemes requirements, which encourage intermodal terminals to be away from areas
with heavy car and pedestrian use.

T3.1.2 Conduct more comprehensive environmental impact assessments when proposing future intermodal terminals
to ensure roads are modified to support High Productivity Vehicles

T3.1.3 Implement local planning scheme requirements, which will allow suitable cueing on roads approaching
proposed freight infrastructure roads to reduce congestion of other traffic on surrounding roads

T3.1.4 Impose a tax on freight firms whose trucks produce a sound output above 85DB


38

This strategy will increase freight efficiency through three
different ways. DTRM will provide an initial two-year incentive
to so firms can permanently modify their practices with little
cost and this, they can benefit from permanently increased
efficiency. The main implementer will be the individual freight
firm who use Road to deliver goods. Government subsidy for
the initial 2 year will be provided; the main implementer will be
the firm themselves. The main beneficiary will be the freight
firm who will save money through efficiency, which will become
increasingly important with rising fuel costs. Reduction of fleet
size may also reduce the need for freight infrastructure in the
future, which reduces costs for the infrastructure provider,
which is the State Government. The implications of this
strategy are long term freight adaptation and efficiency which
id driven by investments from government, which last 2 years.
Road users are the main beneficiaries, as reductions in freight
externalities will have positive impacts on people affected by
noise and congestion. The freight firms and good providers
may also benefit from reduced congestion due to the increase
in product quality. The state government may benefit by
making revenue due to fines. The contributions of these
strategies will add to add to long term social acceptable of the
freight industry and improve the quality of produce.

GOAL T3: increase sustainability of current freight practices and processes
OBJECTIVE
T3.2 Encourage logistics industry to reduce emissions output by 35% through increased efficiency by 2015
STRATEGIES
T3.2.1 Provide financial incentives to firms who improve delivery route scheduling, backhaul goods and optimise
environmental impacts


39

Figure 5: Transport Strategy Map
Figure 5: Transport Strategies Map


40

10.0 Water: Supply and Distribution

10.0 Water: Supply and Distribution
Desired regional Outcome
Provide a water supply network that provides efficient and undisrupted water throughout the
region to households, businesses and industry. The water supply network will be resilient to
climate change and will be able to adapt to the future rise in population across SEQ.


41

10.1. Water in SEQ

Water Management in the regional landscape includes the supply and function of water in the SEQ region. The key
issues of water comprise of the use of water for household purposes and agricultural purposes as well as the supply and
implementation of water to the regional landscape.
Water services throughout the region combine to form a strong SEQ water grid. SEQWater has primary control over
water management in SEQ and owns and operates 26 dams, 47 weirs and 14 bores and aquifers, which supply 90% of
SEQ region (SEQWater, 2013). The implementation of the water grid allows places with water surplus to be distributed
to areas experiencing shortages (Laves & Waterman, 2012; Spiller, 2008). Due to the human reliance on water, there is
significant importance to implement future water saving measures. Climate change and rapid population growth pose
added threats to the current fragile water system in SEQ.
The need for SEQ to become less reliant on water supplies and services as well as implementation of further water
saving measures are major opportunities for water management in SEQ. This is critical, as future competition of water
resources between rural and urban areas is a major threat to water management in SEQ. Both rural and urban regions
are impacted by water scarcity, as it impacts agriculture through crop yield intake as well as enhances quality of life.
Flooding and drought are further threats, which have the ability to impact water purity and access in SEQ.
All of the previously analysis key issue areas and focus key issues make the region help create the identity of the region.
The enhancement of these key issue areas is therefore critical to future growth. Figure 14 below maps the key issue
areas within SEQ, recognising links and interconnectedness of each of the issue areas, therefore identifying the need to
manage and protect the multiple assets the region attains.

10.1 Water in SEQ


42

10.2 Water: Goals, Objectives and Strategies

IMPLEMENTATION OF OBJECTIVE W1.1
The current and future distribution losses across the SEQ
region are imperative to the success and efficiency of water
distribution throughout the SEQ region. Limiting distribution
losses through early detection of leaks and an improved,
efficient grid of pipelines. The above strategies will look to
deliver an almost lossless supply of water from the supply to
the consumer. Funding for these strategies will be by the
Queensland Government, who will control the assets and
expenditure of SEQWater.
The main implementer of these strategies will be SEQWater,
who are in control of the pipelines that service the SEQ
region.

SEQWater will provide active teams who seek to detect
leaks and who will establish an efficient grid of pipelines.
The main beneficiaries of these strategies include the
Queensland Government, where the pressure on future
water supply can be decreased through decreased
distribution losses. Consumers will also benefit as prices for
water can be adjusted accordingly when an efficient network
is constructed. Consumers will no longer have to
inadvertently pay for the loss of water through distribution
loss.

OBJECTIVE
W1.2 Increase water retention, supply and water availability above 70% until 2033 and into the future

STRATEGIES
W1.2.1 Implement severe water restrictions with harsh penalties and enforcement to limit water use in households and
farms, promoting better water techniques and water saving measures.

W1.2.2 Improved design and construction with greater efficiency of dams allowing greater ability to hold and retain
water

W1.2.3 Implement evaporation prevention measures including monolayers and covers to reduce evaporation in dams
and increase the retention of water in dams

W1.2.4 Construction of new dams to enable greater water capacity and supply throughout the SEQ regional landscape

W1.2.5 Employ mining of groundwater in the groundwater reservoirs to provide an alternative source of water supply

W1.2.6 Initiate water recycling and use of recycled water to minimise waste of fresh water through Aquifer Storage
and Recharge which uses stormwater and recycled water to replenish ground water resources

GOAL W1: Create a Sustainable and Reliable Supply of Water Sources to Service the SEQ Region
GOAL W1: Create a Sustainable and Reliable Supply of Water Sources to Service the SEQ Region
OBJECTIVE
W1.1 Reduce distribution loss by 75% by 2033

STRATEGIES
W1.1.1 Implement and invest in research of innovative technology allowing SEQ Water to detect and discover leaks
in order to repair faults cost effectively and efficiently preventing loss of water through leakage

W1.1.2 Improve design and efficiency of the pipeline grid identifying appropriate placement of pipelines to avoid
disturbance from climate change and rapid population growth

10.2 Water: Goals, Objectives and Strategies


43

With the increase in water supply and retention, infrastructure
is a strong focus for the above strategies. The increase in
water retention will be achieved primarily through Queensland
Government funding (W1.2.2, W1.2.3, W1.2.4, W1.2.5 and
W1.2.6), as well as combinations with Federal Government
funding (W1.1.4) and Local councils (W1.1.6).
Implementation of these strategies will be by Local Councils
(W1.2.1, W1.2.3) and Seqwater (W1.2.2, W1.2.3, W1.2.4,
W1.1.5. and W1.16). Communication with State government
departments (DEWS & DNRM) will be critical to successful
implementation.
The main beneficiaries of the above strategies include the
users of water and the Government. Consumers will be
benefited by having an increased amount of reliable of water
sources to draw upon. Government will benefit by having
control of the supply of water and the assets. Water technology
companies will also benefit through the increased need for
water efficient devices which will be incorporated in SEQ.
Future and current users will benefit from the above strategies
with a reliable supply of water set in place.

Disruption to the infrastructure and supply of water supply to
and throughout SEQ as a consequence relies on the
provision with strategies to help limit the effects of climate
change related events. Through Queensland and Federal
Government funding, crucial infrastructure (W2.1.1 and
W2.1.2), as well as a diversification in water supplies
(W2.1.3) can be put into place to limit disruption across SEQ.
The primary implementers of the above strategies include
the Queensland Government whom through direct action will
look to implement these strategies. Through effective land
use planning (W2.1.2), the implementation of infrastructure
away from places vulnerable to CC can be successfully
planned for. The Queensland Government will fund the
retrofitting and future construction of protective structures to
limit the effects of extreme weather events.
The main beneficiaries of the strategies include the
Government whose assets and resources are retrofitted and
protected through the construction of protective barriers.
Consumers are another major beneficiary, having a reliable
water source which can be easily accessible is important
with the increase in extreme weather events projected.

OBJECTIVE
W2.1 Limit the disruption of climate change related events to water infrastructure and supply by 75% by 2033
STRATEGIES
W2.1.1 Construction and retrofit of protective structures protecting existing infrastructure from the effects of extreme
weather events disrupting water supply

W2.1.2 Construction of infrastructure away from places vulnerable to the effects of climate change

W2.1.3 Diversification of increased sources of water supply to connect to the SEQ water grid, in the case of potential
extreme weather events inhibiting the function of a water supply source
GOAL W2: A Water Infrastructure that is resilient and capable to adapt to climate change


44

IMPLEMENTATION OF OBJECTIVE W2.2.
The quality of high water resources for agricultural and
potable uses is important in forming a healthy and dependent
SEQ. Through QLD Government funding (W2.2.1, W2.2.3),
will provide funding to help improve the quality of water in
SEQ. Funding for improved land use (W2.2.2), will come from
the QLD Government and local governments who will form
co-ordination efforts for improved land use.
Seqwater (W2.2.1, W2.2.3) will control and deploy artificial
destratification technology and regulate the timing of water
body flushing.

Local Councils in conjunction with the QLD Government
(W2.2.2), will implement the effective land use restrictions and
planning, which will prevent the high risk activities occurring
near water bodies and water catchments.
Beneficiaries of the strategies include the environment and
consumers of water. Having a clean reliable source is of
considerable importance to consumers and users. The
environment concerned with the quality of water will be
fundamental to the success of these strategies. Through
effective land use planning the quality of the water and the
environment around these locations will improved.
GOAL W3: Adapt to the demand placed on the Water Supply of the SEQ Region with More Sustainable
Water Resources and Techniques

OBJECTIVE
W3.1. Decrease the overall consumption of water per person, per year by 25% by 2033

STRATEGIES
W3.1.1. Reduce water pricing through incentives and discounts on water bills for decreased water use to promote
improved consumption per person

W3.1.2. Implementation of further water saving technology including drip irrigation for agriculture and efficient
technology for households decreases use of water

W3.1.3. Implement public awareness programs and initiatives to educate people, businesses and farmers to raise
awareness and reduce the consumption of water

OBJECTIVE
W2.2. Increase the overall water quality by 90% by 2033 by limiting contaminants affecting water quality
STRATEGIES
W2.2.1. Implementation of artificial destratification systems into SEQ dams to improve the quality of water and
decrease algal blooms as an effect of climate change

W2.2.2. Improved land use planning and restrictions placed on chemicals and pollutants, to prevent high risk activities
close to waterways and catchments which can impact the quality of water

W2.2.3. Regular flushing of water bodies and water catchments to reduce likely contamination of water supplies and
dams to increase the water quality
GOAL W2: A Water Infrastructure that is resilient and capable to adapt to climate change


45

Decreasing the overall consumption of the water resources by
the consumer is an adaptive measure in dealing with climate
change and rapid population growth. Through improved water
pricing strategies rewarding those who use less users and
punishing those who use too much can help decrease use.
Water saving technology and public awareness campaigns
are targeted at limiting the consumption by users. Incentives
in prices for decreased water use (W3.1.1) from water
providers in affiliation with the Queeensland Government will
also penalise and charge those who use too much water.
Subsidies for water saving technology (W3.1.2.) will be
provided by the Queensland Government to farms and
households who adopt technological improvements.
The Queensland Government for public awareness programs
and initiatives will fund these strategies for households and
farms (W3.1.3.). Strategy W3.1.2 is further applied in the
agricultural section of this report.
The main implementer will be the Queensland Government
who will apply the strategies with the help of local councils
(W3.1.2), and SEQ water providers (W3.1.1) who bill SEQ
residents.
Beneficiaries of these strategies include water consumers
throughout SEQ, and will help decrease the water bill of all
households and farms using SEQ grid water. The subsidies
will benefit those looking to change to a more efficient and
water friendly technology while lowering their bill.
Queensland Government will also benefit from the
above strategies as the decreased consumption of water will
place less stress on the current and future supply of water in
SEQ.

Increasing the use of alternative water resources in
households and farms that do not use water on the grid is
achieved by providing incentives for the use of alternative
resources such as water tanks as well as implementing more
severe water pricing when using traditional water supplies
connected to the SEQ grid. Queensland Government will
provide funding for the subsidies and incentives (W3.2.1),
and will work with water providers in the structure of water
pricing (W3.2.2).
Implementers of these strategies include the Queensland
Government (W3.2.1 & W3.2.2), as well as water providers
(W3.2.2) who will administer and carryout the strategies
across households and farms. Implementers will reward
those who use rainwater tanks and alternative resources.
Beneficiaries of these strategies include the water consumers
themselves. These strategies promote switching to other
water resources to become less reliant on the SEQ water
grid. SEQ farms and households will look to adhere to and
adopt more sustainable water resources. Queensland
Government is also set benefit from water pricing strategies,
as it allows them to fun subsidies and incentives. It also looks
to decrease and create less pressure on the current water
resources including dams.

OBJECTIVE
W3.2. Increase the use of alternative water sources by 50% by 2033
STRATEGIES
W3.2.1. Provide incentives and subsidies for using rainwater tanks and alternative water resources for use in
households and farms

W3.2.2. Implement more severe water pricing when using traditional water supply such as dams to promote the use of
alternative water sources and decreased use of water

GOAL W3: Adapt to the demand placed on the Water Supply of the SEQ Region with More Sustainable
Water Resources and Techniques


46

Figure 6: Water Strategies Map

Figure 6: Water Strategies Map


47

11.0 Strategy Implementation Timeline

Implementation of the SEQCCMP 2013-2033 strategies will be completed over three phases. Research is the initial
phase used to gain further understanding and allow for prioritisation of other strategies. Most research phases are
over three to five years. Actual implementation of the strategy takes place after the Research phase from five years
onwards. During this phase monitoring is likely to occur with a review period at 10 years. After the initial
implementation and first review, the strategies are continued. Many of the phases continue with research and further
implementation after the continuation of a strategy as seen in the Water Pricing Strategy (W3.1.1.), where research
and further implementation and adjustment of the strategy is made mandatory. Many educational and promotional
strategies including Agricultural strategy A.4.1.5 and Energy strategy E3.1.3 are strategies continuously
implemented.
Table 1: Strategy Implementation Timeline
I
s
s
u
e

A
r
e
a

S
t
r
a
t
e
g
i
e
s

2
0
1
3

2
0
1
8

2
0
2
3

2
0
2
8

2
0
3
3

+

A
g
r
i
c
u
l
t
u
r
e
:

R
u
r
a
l

P
r
o
d
u
c
t
i
o
n

M
a
n
a
g
e
m
e
n
t

A1.1.1. Tailwater Ponds
A1.1.2. Vegetate
A1.1.3. Tolerant Crops
A1.1.4. Rainwater Tanks
A1.1.5. Waste Water
A2.1.1. Strategic Planting
A2.1.2. Diversify Crops
A3.1.1. Filter
A3.1.2. Minimise disease
A3.1.3. Natural Fertiliser
A3.2.1. Soil Testing
A3.2.2. Sustainable Farming
A3.2.3. Vegetate Dams
A4.1.1. Partnership Programs
A4.1.2. Tax Incentives
A4.1.3. Adaptive Practices
A4.1.4. Mentoring Program
A4.1.5. Adapt Education
B
i
o
d
i
v
e
r
s
i
t
y
:

H
a
b
i
t
a
t

P
r
o
t
e
c
t
i
o
n

B1.1.1. Conservation Areas
B1.1.2. Biodiversity Banking
B1.1.3. Vegetation Licensing
B1.1.4. National Parks
B1.2.1. Prohibit Clearing
B1.2.2. Biodiversity Corridors
B1.2.3. Prohibit Development
B2.1.1. Species Breeding
B2.1.2. Encourage Research
B2.1.3. Disaster Response
B2.1.4. Annual Monitoring
B2.2.1. Eco-Friendly Farming
B2.2.2. Severe Fines
B3.1.1. Education in Schools
B3.1.2. Information Evenings
B3.2.1. Eco-Tourism
B3.2.2. Eco-Conscious
En
e
r
gy
:

Supp
l
y

and

D
i
s
t
r
i
b
u
t
i
on
E1.1.1. Remove Subsidies
E1.1.2. Renewable Subsidies
11.0 Strategy Implementation Timeframes


48

E1.1.3. Domestic Investment
E1.1.4. Education
E1.1.5. Independent Audit
E1.2.1. Efficient Transformers
E1.2.2. Stimulate Investment
E1.2.3. RAPS
E1.3.1. Retrofit
E1.3.2. Alternative Energy
E1.3.3. Training
E2.1.1. Off Grid Electricity
E2.1.2. Strategic Placement
E2.1.3. Power Lines
E2.1.4. Cyclone Areas
E2.1.5. Taller Power Lines
E2.1.6. Underground Lines
E2.2.1. Land Use Zoning
E2.2.2. Infrastructure Corridors
E2.2.3. Industry Impact
E2.2.4. Underground Lines
E3.1.1. Efficiency Standards
E3.1.2. Energy Pricing
E3.1.3. Advertising
E3.1.4. Government Grants
E3.1.5. Peak Energy Periods
E3.1.6. Local Control Switches
E3.2.1. Privatise Industry
T
r
a
n
n
t
r
t
R
a
n
s
i
t

T1.1.1. TOD Areas
T1.1.2. Five Year Strategy
T1.1.3. Financial Incentives
T1.2.1. Third Sector
T2.1.1. Real Options
T2.2.1. Yearly Meetings
T2.2.2. Loans to Firms
T3.1.1. Intermodal Terminals
T3.1.2. Environmental Impact
T3.1.3. Reduce Congestion
T3.1.4. Tax on Freight
T3.2.1. Financial Incentives
W
a
t
e
r
:

S
u
p
p
l
y

a
n
d

D
i
s
t
r
i
b
u
t
i
o
n

W1.1.1. Leak Detection
W1.1.2. Pipeline Efficiency
W1.2.1. Water Restrictions
W1.2.2. Dam Design
W1.2.3. Evaporation Prevention
W1.2.4. Dam Construction
W1.2.5. Groundwater Mining
W1.2.6. AQS
W2.1.1. Protective Structures
W2.1.2. Infrastructure Location
W2.1.3. Diversification
W2.2.1. Destratification
W2.2.2. Land Use Planning
W2.2.3. Water Flushing
W3.1.1. Water Pricing
W3.1.2. Efficient Technology
W3.1.3 Public Education
W3.2.1. Rainwater Tanks
W3.2.2. Water Pricing


49

12.0 Funding & Revenue

Funding of the SEQCCMP 2013-2033 for
implementation will be direct investment by the Federal
and State Government through incentives, grants and
rebates. There is opportunity to receive revenue from
fines and penalties from non-compliance of regulated
strategies. The revenue received from the non-
compliance of the strategies will fund payouts that
provide incentives to industry, businesses and
consumers, and will be re-invested for continued
research. A new government department, the
Queensland Department of Climate Change
Management (DCCM) will be used to assess,
manage, regulate and assist Queensland and its
regions with all facets of climate change adaption.
Table X, provides an overview of the strategies used to
raise revenue while promoting the use of sustainable,
efficient, reliable and affordable climate change
management practices across the five key issue areas.
An evaluation of this funding is provided in Section
10.4.

Table 2: Strategies Incentives and Disincentives
Strategy Grants, Rebates (+)
Fines (-) ($)
A1.1.3. Tolerant Crops - 50,000 - 100,000
A2.1.1. Strategic Planting - 20,000 - 100,00
A4.1.1. Partnership Programs + 20,000 - 100,000
A4.1.2. Tax Incentive - 50,000 - 100,000
B1.1.3. Vegetation Licencing - 50,000 - 100,00
B1.2.1. Ecofriendly Farming - 50,000 - 100,00
B1.2.3. Prohibiting Developers - 50,000 - 100,00
B2.2.1. Ecofriendly Farming + 10,000 - 20,000
B3.1.1. Education in Schools - 100,000 - 150,000
B3.2.1. Eco-tourism + 20-000 - 50,000
E1.1.3. Domestic Investment + 20,000 - 50,000
E1.2.2. Stimulate Investment + 100,000- 200,000
E2.2.2. Infrastructure Corridors - 50,000 - 100,000
E2.2.3. Industry Impact + 50,000 - 100,000
T1.1.3. Financial Incentives + 100,000 - 200,000
T3.1.4. Tax on Freight + 2,000 per truck
T3.2.1. Financial Incentives + 20,000 50,000
W2.1.1. Protective Structures + 20,000 - 100,000
W2.1.2. Infrastructure Location - 20,000 - 50,000
W2.1.3. Diversification - 20,000 - 50,000

12.0 Funding & Revenue


50

13.0 Evaluation

The strength of implementation of the SEQCCMP 2013-2033 is determined by analysis and evaluation of the key
components from which the plan was formulated. The goals, objectives and strategies outlined in this plan are
strengthened and supported by seven key components:
IPCC FFI Scenario
Regional Vision
Stakeholders
Current Frameworks
Timeframes
Funding
13.1 IPCC FFI Scenario
Table 3: Future Climate Trends and Key Issue Areas (IPCC, 1996; SPC, 2013)
Phenomenon and
direction of trend
Agriculture in
SEQ
Biodiversity in
SEQ
Energy in SEQ Transport in
SEQ
Water
Resources in
SEQ
Warmer and
more
frequent hot
days and
nights
Decreased yield
in warmer
environments,
causing
increased insect
outbreaks
Increased pest
species
Increased
demand for
cooling
Convenience of
car
transportation in
warmer weather
increasing
emissions
Effects on water
supply
Warm
spells/heat
waves.
Frequency
increases
over most
land areas
Reduced yields
in warmer
regions due to
heat stress:
increased danger
of wild fire
Impact on mating
and migration
behaviours and
timing

Lack of
affordable
cooling, reducing
quality of life for
elderly, young
and poor
Impacts on
goods during
freight travel
Increase water
demand
Increased quality
problems
Heavy
precipitation
events.
Frequency
increase
Damage to
crops: soil
erosion, inability
to cultivate land
due to
waterlogged soil
Change in
habitat
conditions
Distribution on
electrical
infrastructure
Disruption on
transit routes,
pressure of
transport
infrastructure
Adverse effects
on surface and
ground water:
contamination of
water supply:
water scarcity
Area
affected by
drought
increases
Land
degradation
lower crop/yields
damage and
failure; increased
livestock deaths;
increased risks
of wildfire
Access to water
and food
potential
extinction
Water shortage
affecting
opportunity to
move to
renewable
hydropower
generation
- Water spread
Intense
tropical
cyclone
activity.
Damage to crops
wind throw
(uprooting)
Uprooting of
habitat
Damage to
electrical
infrastructure
(e.g. powerlines)
Damage to
transport
infrastructure
(e.g. rail lines
and roads)
Power outages
causing
disruption of
public water
supply
Increased
incidence of
high sea
level
Salinisation of
irrigation water
used on crops
Loss of habitat Loss of electrical
infrastructure

Loss of transport
infrastructure
Decreased fresh
water availability
due to salt water
intrusion

13.0 Evaluation


51

13.1.1. Agriculture IPCC Evaluation
As shown in Table 3, the IPCC predict that there will be
significant decreases in yield for warmer environments,
potential insect and pest species outbreaks, an
increased threat of fires, drought and flooding, and
erosion and nutrient deficient soils.
This SEQ Climate Change Management Plan 2013
2033 identifies several strategies in order for agriculture
in SEQ to adapt for a changing climate. The strategies in
this plan have been formulated to address the potential
future trends as identified in the IPCC scenario.
Strategies identified in this plan will help agriculture
adapt to the uncertain changes predicted for the future,
they include strategies such as reducing irrigation
dependency on farms but implementing methods such
as tail-water ponds to collect rainwater runoff (A1.1.1),
planting drought tolerant crops (A1.1.3), extensive use
and installation of rainwater tanks (A1.1.4), on-site water
recycling (A1.1.5), diversifying crop species for food
production to controlled-climate planting methods such
as aquaponics, hydroponics, and greenhouses (A2.1.2.),
soil testing (A3.2.1) and soil nutrient recycling (A3.2.2).
13.1.2. Biodiversity IPCC Evaluation
an increase of invasive species outbreaks, significant
impacts on mating and migration behaviours and time
frames, food stress and availability, increase to
endangered species numbers and species extinctions.
Strategies identified in this plan will help biodiversity
within SEQ adapt to the uncertain changes predicted for
the future, they include strategies such as increasing
conservation areas and national parks within the SEQ
region (B1.1.1 and B1.1.4), implementation and
increased number of biodiversity corridors (B1.2.1),
breeding and habitat restoration programs (B2.1.1),
introduction of gene banking (B2.2.2), improved disaster
response coordination (B2.1.3) and invasive species
monitoring (B2.1.4)
13.1.3. Energy IPCC Evaluation
an increased demand for artificial cooling, influencing
affordability, and significant damage and loss to
electrical infrastructure such as power lines due to
current locations and sea level rise.
Strategies identified in this plan will help the energy
sector adapt to the uncertain changes predicted for the
future, they include strategies such as providing
subsidies for renewable energy implementation such as
solar panels, hydrogen fuel cells and wind energy
(E1.1.2 and E1.1.3), strategic placement and design of
electrical infrastructure outside designated flood prone
regions (E2.1.2 and E2.1.3), installation of taller power
lines to mitigate heat sagging (E2.1.5) and
implementation underground power lines
(E2.1.6).
13.1.4. Transport IPCC Evaluation
impacts on goods during freight travel, disruption to
transit routes placing pressure on transport
infrastructure, including damage and loss of transport
infrastructure such as roads and rail lines.
Strategies identified in this plan will help transport within
SEQ adapt to the uncertain changes predicted for the
future, they include strategies such as conducting
research using research methods such as real options
decisions to optimise transport infrastructure in the face
of climate change (T2.1.1) and implementation of
environmentally sustainable technologies to help
alleviate the impacts of fuel scarcity (T2.2.1 and T2.2.
13.1.5. Water IPCC Evaluation
significant effects on water supply due to droughts and
flooding potentially leading quality issues, increased
water demand, water contamination and scarcity as well
as power outages causing disruption of public water
supply.
Strategies identified in this plan will help water within
SEQ adapt to the uncertain changes predicted for the
future, they include strategies such as improving design
and efficiency of current water infrastructure (W1.1.2),
implementation of water evaporation measures such as
monolayers (W1.2.3), water recycling (W1.2.6),
installation of domestic rainwater tanks (W2.2.1) and
construction of climate resilient water infrastructure


52

13.2 Regional Vision Evaluations
The current SEQRP 2009 vision identifies SEQ as a
region of interconnected communities defined by its
subtropical character and unique and diverse landscape
and cultures (DIP, 2009a). The SEQRP states, the
vision for SEQ is a future that is sustainable, affordable,
prosperous, liveable and resilient to climate change
(DIP, 2009a).
This SEQCCMP 20132033 aims to achieve the same
key focus areas as identified within the SEQRP 2009,
however places emphasis on the five key issue areas
(refer Section 4.0). This plan has been developed to
address the areas where the SEQRP 2009 and other
frameworks lack implementation and coordination. A
new vision for the region was formulated to act as the
overall intention of this plan. The vision for the
SEQCCMP 2013-2033 is:
SEQ is a sustainable and equitable
region of innovative agricultural
production, valued natural environments,
efficient and reliable energy,
interconnected transport networks, and
healthy waterways that are resilient and
adaptive to climate change and rapid
population growth (SPC, 2013).
The goals, objective and strategies identified within this
plan will be implemented through strict policy and
regulation. The strategies are aimed at adaptation to the
adverse effects of climate change predicted in the future,
rather than mitigation. This vision proves that SEQ is a
sustainable and equitable region
13.3 Stakeholders Evaluation
The Federal Government will apply policy, funding and
research to issues of national interest including climate
change and reducing carbon emissions. Based on this,
there is limited scope or need in this plan for Federal
Government to be considered a key stakeholder, as this
plan aims for adaption to climate change rather than
mitigation.
There is an indirect link to reducing carbon emissions
through the sustainability strategies of this plan across
the five issue areas, therefore the Federal Government
may be considered for a partnership agreement with the
State for funding. These partnership agreements are
vital for successful implementation. The expected
success for implementation of this plan is discussed
further in Section 10.3
Evaluation of Key
stakeholders for implementation of the SEQCCMP
2013-2033 are Federal, State and Local Governments
and Industry Organisations Governments at all levels
recognise the importance of climate change and rapid
population
A detailed Stakeholder Analysis is found in Volume 2,
Section 4. The State Government is responsible for
implementation of the plan for the five sectors identified
as key issue areas, and will fund most strategies.
Federal and Local Government will support funding
through direct investment and regulatory
revenue. Details on funding are available in
Section 9.0 Funding and Revenue.
Industry Organisations will work in partnership with the
government and be responsible for implementation
through consultation and collaboration to develop
institutional arrangements. These institutional
arrangements are agreements to provide opportunity for
extra funding and other resources as required. These
partnership agreements are vital for successful
implementation. The expected success for
implementation of this plan is discussed further in
Section 10.0 Evaluation.
Table 12 demonstrates DAFF, both Federal and State
Government level, DSEWPC, Healthy Waterways and
Landcare as the priority stakeholders with a high ranking
for interest in climate change issues. Stakeholders that
hold a medium ranking such as DNRM demonstrate a
maybe status for potential conflicts of interest. This
indicates that there is opportunity for some level of
collaboration, as the DNRM recognises issues related to
climate change, but does not label them as such. The
DNRM uses broad sustainability terminology but no
specific references to climate change. This indicates to
SPC stakeholder that may cause conflict and barriers for
implementation. Another concern with the DNRM is the
fact the natural resources such as water, land and soils
are partnered together in the same portfolio as mining,
which poses an obvious conflict of interest within the
department itself, in terms of objective environmental
assessments.
Institutional arrangements are identified in Table 12 as
stakeholders that hold Government Partnership (GP)
power, such as Healthy Waterways, Port of Brisbane,
SEQ Water, Queensland Farmers Federation (QFF) and
Landcare Australia. These influential partnerships,
along with a Government Owned Corporation such as


53

Powerlink or Queensland Rail are to be carefully
considered in any consultation.
13.4 Current Frameworks Evaluation
Whilst the Current Frameworks Analysis (refer Volume
2, Section 5) found flaws in the current frameworks for
SEQ, the SEQCCMP 2013-2033 addresses these flaws.
This plan is specific in content and strategic in structure.
The SEQCCMP 2013-2033 is designed to support and
integrate with other policy frameworks. This plan has
measured and reviewed. This plan contains clear
pathways of achieving outcomes, with support from
other strategies, in other key issue areas within the plan
(refer Strategy Linkages, Section 10.7).
The strength of this planning framework lies in the
commitment from government to implement this plan, to
take adaptive action towards climate change and rapid
population growth issues. This adaptive action
complements the mitigative action of other frameworks.
Further strength is gained from the amendments to
legislation and Local Government Planning Schemes,
ensuring compliance to regulations.
13.5 Timeframe Evaluation
Timing for implementation of strategies will be crucial for
successful implementation. Factors that may hinder the
timing are political, economic and social growth of SEQ.
13.6 Funding Evaluation
Funding of the SEQCCMP 2013-2033 for
implementation will be direct investment by the State
Government through incentives, grants and rebates.
There is opportunity to receive revenue from fines and
penalties from non-compliance of regulated strategies.
The revenue received from the non-compliance of the
strategies will fund payouts that provide incentives to
industry, businesses and
consumers, and will be re-invested for continued
research.
A new government department will be known as the
Queensland Department of Climate Change
Management (DCCM), used to assess, manage regulate
and assist Queensland and its regions with all facets of
climate change adaption. Table X, provides an overview
of the strategies used to raise revenue while promoting
the use of sustainable, efficient reliable and affordable
climate change management practices across the five
key issue areas. An evaluation of this funding is
provided in Section 10)
Table 3 identifies the future predictions of climate change on
the key issue areas within SEQ. As suggested by the IPCC, a
change to the current climate will lead to warmer and more
frequent hot days and nights, heavy precipitation events,
increased frequency and intensity of drought, intense tropical
cyclone activity and sea level rise (IPCC, 2013). Specific
details for SEQ are provided in Volume 2, Section X. The
SEQCCMP 20132033 identifies several strategies for each
key issue area in SEQ to adapt for a changing climate. The
strategies in this plan have been formulated to address the
potential future trends as identified in the IPCC FF1 Scenario
and are summarised below


54

14.0 Strategy Linkages

There are linkages between the strategies in each
issue area. Various strategies can be partially
implemented through other issue areas strategies.
Many strategies can accommodate other strategies
and can also impact on the successful implementation
of other strategies. Figure X demonstrates the
linkages of strategies across the five key issue areas.
14.1 Water and Agriculture Links
Water is a vital product needed for use in the
agricultural sector. Implementation of monolayers and
shade cloths (W1.2.3) can be utilised in the
agricultural sector for open bodies of water which are
required for irrigation and other purposes. This
strategy specifically links with the creation of tail water
ponds (A1.1.1), where monolayers and shade cloths
can be implemented to prevent the evaporation of
water supplies. Strategy for implementation of
rainwater tanks (W2.2.1), is effectively linked with
Agricultural strategy A.1.1.4, where the use of
rainwater tanks are used to supplement the use of
irrigation water supplies. Subsidies and incentives
offered (A1.1.4), can be utilised by farmers to
implement rainwater tanks. The education of water
users and consumers (W2.1.3), can be tied in with
Agricultural strategy A4.1.3, where the farmers are
encouraged to adopt sustainable practices through
education and energy. Farmers can be educated to
adopt sustainable water practices such as drip
irrigation (W2.1.2).

14.2 Water and Biodiversity Links
Water and biodiversity are vital components of the
environmental structure of SEQ.. Promotion of the
potential impacts of CC and RPG on water through
education and programs (W2.1.3), into the way people
consume and use water can be incorporated
into eco-tourism (B3.2.1) and education
programs (B3.1.1 and B3.1.2). The quality of water is
an important factor in the biodiversity of SEQ. Having
clean usable water that are habitats for vital
ecosystems is important. Improved land use planning
(W3.2.2) can help create cleaner and better water
supplies in water catchments throughout SEQ, this
has a positive effect on the bio diverse ecosystems
through SEQ.

14.2 Water and Energy Links
Water is a high requirement in todays energy
production, as is energy in the function of water
infrastructure running, distribution and cleaning
processes. Transition non-renewable energy sources
in SEQ towards renewable sources (E1.3.1), will
decrease the reliance on future water resources,
which can be better applied in the agriculture sector as
well as for households across SEQ.
14.0 Strategy Links


55

14.3 Water and Transport Links
Water infrastructure and catchments land use
strategies concerned with land use between transport
infrastructure. Land use implications between
transport infrastructure and water infrastructure will be
adhered to water land use strategy W2.2.2, which will
demonstrate the land use of higher importance.
14.4 Energy and Agriculture
Energy and agriculture form an integral partnership
that is important to the future of the SEQ region.
Agriculture looks to integrate more sustainable farming
practices (A3.2.2), which lowers the demand on
energy. Promoting sustainable energy solutions and
the energy lifecycle (E1.1.4 and E3.1.3), throughout
the agricultural sector can help decrease energy use
through increasing sustainable farming practices.
Energy land use strategy E2.2.1, aims to minimise
land use conflict in agriculture and establish a clear
communication channel to resolve any potential
conflicts.

14. 5 Energy and Biodiversity
Energy and biodiversity both have profound effects
and implications on each other. The inclusion of
biodiversity corridors (B1.2.2) prohibits development
that may cause habitat fragmentation (B1.2.3) can
minimise land use conflict through implementation of
Energy strategy E2.2.1 and Biodiversity strategy
B1.2.1, where land use zones are used to minimise
the conflict between energy and the natural
environment. Advertising and education (E3.1.3), are
implemented to show the effect on the natural
environment.

14. 7 Energy and Transport
Education of individuals (E1.1.4 and E3.1.3), of the
consequences of non-renewable energy sources and
the advantages of renewable energy sources can help
implement Transport strategy T1.2.1 in which the third
sector is utilised to provide community transport
services which reduces car dependency.

14. 6 Transport and Agriculture
Introducing efficient transport options allows for
efficient distribution and supply of agricultural
products. Increased roads which can support high
productivity vehicles (3.1.2) through upgrading roads
will all higher productivity vehicles to access
agricultural products which allows the transportation of
these goods throughout SEQ and beyond


56

14. 7 Transport and Biodiversity
Implementing environmental impact assessments
(T3.1.2), in the transport sector can help promote
biodiversity corridors (B1.2.2) and can also help
prohibit potential development that may cause habitat
fragmentation (B1.2.3), which can help promote a
greater natural environment without the implications of
transport related stresses on the environment.

14. 8 Biodiversity and Agriculture
Agriculture and biodiversity have vested interests in
the adaptation to climate change and rapid population
growth. Biodiversity strategy B2.2.1 which aims to
increase the eco-friendly pesticides and farming
practices throughout the SEQ region, helps reinforce
Agricultural strategy A3.1.2, which aims to decrease
the spread of disease and pests and reduce the need
for pesticides and fertilisers through the diversification
of crops which can help eliminate these
problems. The transition from chemical
fertilisers to more natural fertilisers (A3.1.3) can
improve the biodiversity of the SEQ region.

15.0 Conclusion

SEQ is a sustainable and equitable region, realised by the following vision:
SEQ is a sustainable region of innovative agricultural production, valued natural environments, efficient
and reliable energy, interconnected transport networks, and healthy waterways that are resilient and
adaptive to climate change and rapid population growth.

15.0 Conclusion


57

16.0 Glossary

A1F1 The emissions scenario outlined in the synthesis report for the fourth IPCC
assessment report, also known as the FII Scenario (IPCC, 2007).
Agroecosystems A model or system of how the living and-non-living organisms of an agricultural
system function together (Kirschenmann, 2009).
Algal blooms Rapid increase in algae populations in aquatic systems often detrimental of water
quality (Landsberg 2002).
Aquaponics Cultivating aquatic plants and animals to live in symbiosis in a controlled
environment (Nelson, 2007).
Aquifer Underground layer of water and rocky material which can have groundwater
extracted from it (Dillon et al. 2010).
Backhauling Transporting goods to a point on the way back to the depot after visiting a
delivery point (Ubeda, Arcelus & Faulin, 2011).
Biodiversity banking A framework which allows species biodiversity to be easily measured and solved
through market based solutions (Clary and Wandersee, 2013).
Biodiversity corridors Stretches of vegetation which provide shelter food, protection and passage for
animal species (Naiman, Decamps & Pollock, 1993).
Climate change The continuous change in the earths climate which is due to atmospheric
composition (IPCC, 2007).
Community interest
company
An easy company to establish that uses business principles and strategies to
make profits which are used for public good and the good of the community
(Liddle, McElwee & Disney, 2012).
Community transport Transport services available to the public which are usually provided by
businesses (courtesy busses) or volunteers (Liddle, McElwee & Disney, 2012).
Load control switches A remotely controlled switch which can be timed or signalled to turn off in order
to stop or reduce power consumption (Crossley, 2006).
Council cabs Transport services provided by local councils which are designed for the elderly,
mobility impaired or pensioners which are scheduled and discounted (Liddle,
McElwee & Disney, 2012).
Artificial destratification Process which removes temperature, plant and animal life from water
(Department of Primary Industries, 2011).
Ecosystem A community of biotic organisms interacting with each other and other abiotic
components all within an integrated system (Kirschenmann, 2009)
Gene banking Preserving and logging genetic material in an effort to preserve biodiversity in the
future (Clary and Wandersee, 2013).
Groundwater reservoirs A source which groundwater can be extracted from (Dillon et al. 2010).
Habitat fragmentation The fragmentation of habitats (Naiman, Decamps & Pollock, 1993).
16.0 Glossary


58

High-super conductors Conductors which transfer higher amounts of electricity with reduced electricity
loss (Barden, Cooper & Schrieffer, 1957).
hydroponics Growing plants in nutrient rich materials such as sand gravel or liquid (Carver &
Wasserman, 2012).
Infill development New construction in an established area (Farris 2001).
Intermodal Terminals Infrastructure nodes which allow goods to transfer mediums from Rail to Road
(DTMR, 2011).
Monolayers Chemicals that are implemented to stop water evaporated (Barnes, 2008).
Nutrient cycling Cycling organic and inorganic matter back into living organisms (Mukherjee,
Mukherjee & Nivedita 2009).
Pipeline Grid A network of pipelines which transport water (Seqwater, 2013).
Real options analysis Emphasises taking action where there is confidence that the benefits will exceed
the costs (Koetse & Rietveld, 2012).
Remote Area Power
Supply
An off-grid electricity system which reduces to need and thus cost of energy
infrastructure (Presnell, 2001).
Renewable energy Energy that comes from a source that can be continuously replenished (Little,
2007).
Rural Landscape and
Rural Production Area
Areas identifies in the South East Queensland Regional Plan 2009 as areas
outside the urban footprint and rural living areas (Department of Infrastructure
and Planning, 2009a).
Rural Living Areas Land available for rural residential homes (Department of Infrastructure and
Planning, 2009a).
Stakeholder A person or group who have vested interests or concerns with certain issues (De
Bussy & Kelly, 2010).
Tail Water Ponds A design which collects surface water runoff from bore irrigation for reuse (Rose
et al, 2006).
Third Sector A third sector economy which is a mix between government (public sector),
business (private sector) and certain organisations (i.e. Cooperatives, non-profit
organisations, charities, community groups).
Transit Hub A central transit station where passengers are exchanged between modes of
transport (e.g. a train station).
Transit Oriented
Development (TOD)
A mixed use commercial/residential development which is designed to maximise
public transit use (Falconer & Richardson, 2010).
Urban Footprint Urban growth boundary specified in the South East Queensland Regional plan
as areas which are suitable for future urban development (Department of
Infrastructure and Planning 2009a).
Urban/ Agricultural
Encroachment
Urban or agricultural land uses which intrude into other land uses or natural
environments (Hart, 1976).


59

17.0 References

Australian Broadcasting Commission (ABC) 2013, Brisbanes Airport Link $3 billion debt a fiasco (online),
Available: <http://www.abc.net.au/news/2013-02-20/brisbanes-airport-link-3- billion-debt-a-
fiasco/4529088> (19 March 2013).
Bardeen, J., Cooper, L. N. & Schrieffer, J. R. 1957, Theory of superconductivity, Physical Review, vol. 108,
no. 5, pp. 1175-204.
Carver, J. & Wasserman, B. 2012, Hands-on hydroponics, The Science Teacher, vol. 79, no. 4, pp. 44-
8.
De Bussy, N. M. & Kelly, L. 2010, Stakeholders, politics and power, Journal of Communication Management, vol.
14, no. 4, pp. 289-305.
Department of Infrastructure and Planning (DIP) 2009a, South East Queensland Regional Plan 2009-2031, State
of Queensland (online), Available: <http://www.dsdip.qld.gov.au/ resources/plan/seq/regional-plan-
2009/seq-regional-plan-2009.pdf> (6 March 2013).

Department of Natural Resources and Mines (DNRM) 2013, Strategic Cropping Land (online), Available:
<http://www.nrm.qld.gov.au/land/planning/strategic-cropping/index.html> (16 April 2013).
Department of Sustainability, Environment, Water, Population and Communities (DSEWPC) 2009, Agriculture
Statistics Moreton (SD), Australian Natural Resources Atlas, Australian Government, Canberra
(online), Available:<http://www.anra.gov.au/topics/agriculture/ statistics/qld/sd-morton.html> (11 April
2013).
Department of Transport and Main Roads (DTMR) 2011, Integrated Freight Strategy for Queensland, (online),
Available: <http://www.tmr.qld.gov.au/business-industry/Transportsectors/Freight/ Integrated-Freight-
Strategy-for-Queensland.aspx> (15 March 2013).

Environmental Protection Agency (EPAUS) 2012, Greenhouse Gas Emissions (online), Available:
<http://www.epa.gov/climatechange/ghgemissions/gases/co2.html> (8 March 2012).

Farris, J. T. 2001, The barriers to using urban infill development to achieve smart growth, Housing Policy
Debate, vol. 12, no. 1, pp. 1-30.
Grubinger, V. 2006, Climate Change and North East Agriculture: Promoting Practical and Profitable Responses,
Climate change and agriculture: challenges and opportunities for outreach (online), Available:
<http://www.climateandfarming.org/pdfs/Fact Sheets/Outreach.pdf> (17 March 2013).

Hart, J. F. 1976, Urban encroachment on rural areas, Geographical Review, vol. 66, no. 1, pp. 1-17.
Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) 2007, Climate Change 2007: Synthesis Report (online),
Available: <http://www.ipcc.ch/pdf/assessment-report/ar4/syr/ar4_syr.pdf> (8 March 2013).

Laves, G. & Waterman, P. 2012, South east Queensland, in Residential Coastal City Regions: Planning for
Climate Change in the United States and Australia, eds. E.J. Blakely & A. Carbonell, Lincoln Institute of
Land Policy, Cambridge, pp. 204-29.
Landsberg, J. H. 2002, The effects of harmful algal blooms on aquatic organisms. Reviews in Fisheries Science,
vol. 10, no. 2, pp. 113-390.

17.0 References


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McCown, R. L., Carberry, P. S., Dalgliesh, N. P., Foale, M. A & Hochman, Z. 2012, Farmers use intuition to
reinvent analytic decision support for managing seasonal climatic variability, Agricultural Systems, vol.
106, no. 1, pp. 33-45.

Mukherjee, B., Mukherjee D. & Nivedita, M. 2009, Nutrient cycling in a simulated pond ecosystem, Journal of
Environmental Biology/Academy of Environmental Biology, vol. 30, no. 2, pp. 313- 8.
Nelson, R. L. 2007, 10 systems around the world, Aquaponics Journal, vol. 46, no.3, p. 8.
Quillinan, J.D. 2011, Pricing for retail electricity, Journal of Revenue and Pricing Management, vol. 10, no. 6, pp.
545-55.
Reddy, P. K. & Ankaiah, R. 2005, A framework of information technology-based agriculture information
dissemination system to improve crop productivity, Current Science, vol. 88, no. 12, pp. 1905-13.
Seqwater 2013, Seqwater: Water for Life (online), Available: <http://www.seqwater.com.au> (17 March 2013).
Spearritt, P. 2009, The 200km ity: Brisbane the Gold Coast, and Sunshine Coast, Australian Economic History
Review, vol. 49, no. 1, pp. 87-106.

Spiller, D. 2008, Water for today, water for tomorrow: establishment and operation of the SEQ water grid, The
Australian Economic Review, vol. 41, no. 4, pp. 420-7.

18.0 Picture Credits

(Title Page Top): Picture sourced from Strategic Planning Consultants (SPC), 2013, Look out over the Gondwana
Rainforest Area, South East Queensland Climate Change Management Plan 2013 - 2033.
(Title Page Left to Right): (Agriculture Picture): Picture sourced from Queensland Government, 2013, Reef Quality
Protection Plan, State of Queensland (online), Available: <http://www.reefplan.qld.gov.au/index.aspx> (20 March
2013)
(Biodiversity Picture): Picture sourced from Department of Environment and Resource Management (DERM), 2012,
Koala Coast: Koala Population Report, State of Queensland (online), Available:
<www.ehp.qld.gov.au/wildlife/koalas/.../koala-coast-report2010> (20 March 2013).
(Energy Picture): Picture Sourced from ABC News, 2012, High voltage power lines, State of Queensland (online),
Available: < http://www.abc.net.au/news/2012-08-21/high-voltage-power-lines-leading-into-the-port/4212624 > (15
May 2013).
(Transport Picture): Picture sourced from Department of Infrastructure and Planning (DIP), 2009a, South East
Queensland Regional Plan, State of Queensland (online), Available: <http://www.dsdip.qld.gov.au/
resources/plan/seq/regional-plan-2009/seq-regional-plan-2009.pdf> (6 March 2013).
(Water Picture): Picture Sourced from The Courier Mail, 2011, Flood victims fear further pain after government
decision not to lower dam levels, State of Queensland (online) Available:
<http://www.couriermail.com.au/questnews/south/flood-victims-fear-further-pain-after-government-decision-not-to-
lower-dam-levels/story-fn8m0tyy-1226153958982> (20 March 2013).
(Page 2): Picture sourced from Strategic Planning Consultants (SPC), 2013, Southport Sunrise, South East
Queensland Climate Change Management Plan 2013 - 2033.
18.0 Picture Credits


61

(Page5): Picture sourced from The Telegraph, 2012, Save Our Spit Rally, State of
Queensland (online), Available: < http://www.dailytelegraph.com.au/news/national/gaven-mp-alex-douglas-says-
lnps-cruise-ship-terminal-plan-for-gold-coast-is-flawed/story-fndo2iwh-1226510510196> (27 May 2013).
(Page 6): Picture sourced from Aerial Advantage Photography, 2013, Brisbane Floods, (online), Available: <
http://aerialadvantage.com.au/tag/flooding/> (27 May 2013).
(Agriculture Title Page): Picture sourced from Missoulas Tomorrow, 2010, Agriculture Study Document, (online),
Available: <http://www.missoulatomorrow.com/press-kit/agriculture-study-document/> (20 May 2013).
(Page8): Picture sourced from Gasileaks, 2013, Agriculture Tractor, (online), Available: <http://gasileaks.com/> (27
May 2013).
(Biodiversity Title Page): Picture sourced from Rainforest Pharmacal, 2012, Rainforest Pharmacal, (online),
Available: <http://www.rainforestpharmacal.com/> (20 May 2013).
(Page 15): Picture sourced from Department of Environment and Resource Management (DERM), 2012, Koala
Coast: Koala Population Report, State of Queensland (online), Available:
<www.ehp.qld.gov.au/wildlife/koalas/.../koala-coast-report2010> (20 March 2013).
(Page19): Picture sourced from Endangered Animals, Goodfellows Tree Kangaroo, (online), Available:
<http://endangeredanimalsisaac.webs.com/apps/photos/photo?photoid=62979109> (27 May 2013).
(Energy Title Page): Picture sourced from Vibe Wire, 2012, The Viability of Renewable Energy, (online), Available:
<http://vibewire.org/2012/03/the-viability-of-renewable-energy/> (20 May, 2013).
(Page 22 and 29): Picture sourced from Stanwell, 2013, Swanbank E Power Station, (online), Available:
<http://www.stanwell.com/swanbank-e-power-station.aspx> (27 May 2013).
(Page26 and 30): Picture sourced from Free Images Live, 2013, Power lines in field, (online), Available:
<http://www.freeimageslive.co.uk/> (27 May 2013).
(Page 27): Picture sourced from Free Images Live, 2013, Solar Energy, (online), Available:
<http://www.freeimageslive.co.uk/> (27 May 2013).
(Transport Title Page): Picture sourced from Ryan Latimers Photography, 2012, The Train Sunset, (online),
Available: <http://ryanlatimer.blogspot.com.au/2011/03/sunset-train.html> (20 May, 2013).
(Page34): Picture sourced from Picture sourced from Queensland Rail, 2013, Train Car, (online), Available:
<http://www.queenslandrail.com.au/Pages/Default.aspx> (27 May 2013).
(Page 35): Picture sourced from Picture sourced from Queensland Rail, 2013, Rail Lines, (online), Available:
(Page38): Picture sourced from Queensland Rail, 2013, QR Train, (online), Available:
(Water Title Page): Picture sourced from Crafty Ness Blog, 2013, Wivenhoe Dam, (online), Available: < http://crafty-
ness.blogspot.com.au/> (27 May, 2013).
(Page43): Picture sourced from Picture sourced from The Queensland Times, 2013, Wivenhoe, (online), Available:
< http://www.qt.com.au/> (27 May 2013).
(Page 54 Left to Right): Agriculture Picture Sourced from the Brisbane Times, 2013, Agriculture Near Brisbane,
(online), Available: <http://www.brisbanetimes.com.au/> (27 May 2013).


62

Lizard Picture sourced from Robert Ashdown Photography, 2013, Southern Angle-
headed Dragon, (online), Available: < http://ashdown4628.clients.cmdwebsites.com/blog/?paged=2> (27 May
2013).
(Page 55 Left to Right): Agriculture Picture Sourced from the Brisbane Times, 2013, Agriculture Near Brisbane,
(online), Available: <http://www.brisbanetimes.com.au/> (27 May 2013).
Koala Picture sourced from Department of Environment and Resource Management (DERM), 2012, Koala Coast:
Koala Population Report, State of Queensland (online), Available: <www.ehp.qld.gov.au/wildlife/koalas/.../koala-
coast-report2010> (20 March 2013).
Train Cart Picture sourced from Picture sourced from Queensland Rail, 2013, Train Car, (online), Available:


63

A1F1 The emissions scenario outlined in the synthesis report for the fourth IPCC
assessment report, also known as the FII Scenario (IPCC, 2007).
Agroecosystems A model or system of how the living and-non-living organisms of an agricultural
system function together (Kirschenmann, 2009).
Algal blooms Rapid increase in algae populations in aquatic systems often detrimental of water
quality (Landsberg 2002).
Aquaponics Cultivating aquatic plants and animals to live in symbiosis in a controlled
environment (Nelson, 2007).
Aquifer Underground layer of water and rocky material which can have groundwater
extracted from it (Dillon et al. 2010).
Backhauling Transporting goods to a point on the way back to the depot after visiting a
delivery point (Ubeda, Arcelus & Faulin, 2011).
Biodiversity banking A framework which allows species biodiversity to be easily measured and solved
through market based solutions (Clary and Wandersee, 2013).
Biodiversity corridors Stretches of vegetation which provide shelter food, protection and passage for
animal species (Naiman, Decamps & Pollock, 1993).
Climate change The continuous change in the earths climate which is due to atmospheric
composition (IPCC, 2007).
Community interest
company
An easy company to establish that uses business principles and strategies to
make profits which are used for public good and the good of the community
(Liddle, McElwee & Disney, 2012).
Community transport Transport services available to the public which are usually provided by
businesses (courtesy busses) or volunteers (Liddle, McElwee & Disney, 2012).
Load control switches A remotely controlled switch which can be timed or signalled to turn off in order
to stop or reduce power consumption (Crossley, 2006).
Council cabs Transport services provided by local councils which are designed for the elderly,
mobility impaired or pensioners which are scheduled and discounted (Liddle,
McElwee & Disney, 2012).
Artificial destratification Process which removes temperature, plant and animal life from water
(Department of Primary Industries, 2011).
Ecosystem A community of biotic organisms interacting with each other and other abiotic
components all within an integrated system (Kirschenmann, 2009)
Gene banking Preserving and logging genetic material in an effort to preserve biodiversity in the
future (Clary and Wandersee, 2013).
Groundwater reservoirs A source which groundwater can be extracted from (Dillon et al. 2010).
14.0 Glossary


64

Habitat fragmentation The fragmentation of habitats (Naiman, Decamps & Pollock, 1993).
High-super conductors Conductors which transfer higher amounts of electricity with reduced electricity
loss (Barden, Cooper & Schrieffer, 1957).
hydroponics Growing plants in nutrient rich materials such as sand gravel or liquid (Carver &
Wasserman, 2012).
Infill development New construction in an established area (Farris 2001).
Intermodal Terminals Infrastructure nodes which allow goods to transfer mediums from Rail to Road
(DTMR, 2011).
Monolayers Chemicals that are implemented to stop water evaporated (Barnes, 2008).
Nutrient cycling Cycling organic and inorganic matter back into living organisms (Mukherjee,
Mukherjee & Nivedita 2009).
Pipeline Grid A network of pipelines which transport water (Seqwater, 2013).
Real options analysis Emphasises taking action where there is confidence that the benefits will exceed
the costs (Koetse & Rietveld, 2012).
Remote Area Power
Supply
An off-grid electricity system which reduces to need and thus cost of energy
infrastructure (Presnell, 2001).
Renewable energy Energy that comes from a source that can be continuously replenished (Little,
2007).
Rural Landscape and
Rural Production Area
Areas identifies in the South East Queensland Regional Plan 2009 as areas
outside the urban footprint and rural living areas (Department of Infrastructure
and Planning, 2009a).
Rural Living Areas Land available for rural residential homes (Department of Infrastructure and
Planning, 2009a).
Stakeholder A person or group who have vested interests or concerns with certain issues (De
Bussy & Kelly, 2010).
Tail Water Ponds A design which collects surface water runoff from bore irrigation for reuse (Rose
et al, 2006).
Third Sector A third sector economy which is a mix between government (public sector),
business (private sector) and certain organisations (i.e. Cooperatives, non-profit
organisations, charities, community groups).
Transit Hub A central transit station where passengers are exchanged between modes of
transport (e.g. a train station).
Transit Oriented
Development (TOD)
A mixed use commercial/residential development which is designed to maximise
public transit use (Falconer & Richardson, 2010).
Urban Footprint Urban growth boundary specified in the South East Queensland Regional plan
as areas which are suitable for future urban development (Department of
Infrastructure and Planning 2009a).
Urban/ Agricultural
Encroachment
Urban or agricultural land uses which intrude into other land uses or natural
environments (Hart, 1976).


65

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