INSTRUCTION FOR FACULTY

1. Absentee slip be filled daily for all classes and submitted to the
Registrar/A.O.
2. Monthly report is submitted till 3
rd
of every month (Separately for separate
subjects).
3. Teacher assessment form to be filled daily after the class.
4. Syllabus is attached in the attendance register.
5. Attendance is marked as 1, 2, 3, 4If student is absent, Absent be marked
and date of classes taken to be mentioned in the attendance registers.
6. If the faculty wants to exchange class with other faculty that has to be
informed prior to taking class to the Registrar. A/O
7. Date of column to be made for mentioning dates.
8. If there is holiday, then it has to be mentioned.
9. After mid term examination, answer sheets to be checked within a week and
award list submitted.
10. Faculty to take presentation/quizzes of the students if the course completes
before time.
11. Classes scheduled as per academic calendar of the University is to be
adhered.

























SUBJECT: INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE & GAS TURBINE

SUBJECT CODE: ME-307-F

FACULTY NAME: LOVE BHARDWAJ













PREPARED BY: LOVE BHARDWAJ






CHECKED BY: B.C. KUMAR (H.O.D.M.E.)





SUBMITTED FOR DIRECTOR SIR APPROVAL






















MANAGEMENT EDUCATION AND RESEARCH INSTITUTE
COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY


(DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING)


LESSON PLAN FILE

Name of the Faculty: LOVE BHARDWAJ

Semester: 5
th
ME

Subject: INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE AND GAS TURBINE


INDEX

S.NO NOMENCLATURE Page No.
1. Syllabus as per MDU 3
2. Focal Points 4
3. Course objective 5
4. Lesson Plan 6-10
5. Important Questions 11
6. Assignments 12-20
7. Question papers & MCQs 21-25
8. Notes 26-41
9. Attendance Sheet 42
10. Monthly Report 43
11. Student Feedback Report 44




(5
th
Semester of MECH (IC ENGINE) syllabus as per MDU)

ME- 307F INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES & GAS TURBINES
Section A
Air Standard Cycles: Internal and external combustion engines; classification of I.C.
Engines, Cycles of operation in four stroke and two stroke I.C. Engines, Wankel Engines,
Assumptions made in air Standard cycle; Otto cycle; diesel cycle, dual combustion cycle,
comparison of Otto, diesel and dual combustion cycles; sterling and Ericsson cycles; air
standard efficiency, specific work output, specific weight; work ratio; mean effective
pressure; deviation of actual engine cycle from ideal cycle. Problems. Carburetion, fuel
Injection and Ignition systems: Mixture requirements for various operating conditions in
S.I.Engines; elementary carburetor, Requirements of a diesel injection system; types of
inject systems; petrol injection, Requirements of ignition system; types of ignition systems
ignition timing; spark plugs. Problems.
Section B
Combustion in I.C. Engines : S.I. engines; Ignition limits; stages of combustion in S.I.
Engines; Ignition lag; velocity of flame propagation; detonation; effects of engine variables
on detonation; theories of detonation; octane rating of fuels; pre-ignition; S.I. engine
combustion chambers, Stages of combustion in C.I. Engines; delay period; variables
affecting delay period; knock in C.I. engines, Cetane rating; C.I. engine combustion
chambers. Lubrication and Cooling Systems: Functions of a lubricating system, Types of
lubrication system; mist, wet sump and dry sump systems; properties of lubricating oil;
SAE rating of lubricants, engine performance and lubrication, Necessity of engine cooling;
disadvantages of overcooling; cooling systems; air-cooling, water cooling; radiators.
Section C
Engine Testing and Performance: Performance parameters: BHP, IHP, mechanical
efficiency, brake mean effective pressure and indicative mean effective pressure, torque,
volumetric efficiency; specific fuel consumption (BSFC, ISFC), thermal efficiency; heat
balance; Basic engine measurements; fuel and air consumption, brake power, indicated
power and friction power, heat lost to coolant and exhaust gases; performance curves.
Problems Air pollution from I.C. Engine and Its remedies: Pollutants from S.I. and C.I.
Engines, Methods of emission control; alternative fuels for I.C. Engines; the current
scenario on the pollution front.
Section D
Rotary Compressors: Root and vane blowers; Static and total head values; Centrifugal
compressors Velocity diagrams, slip factor, ratio of compression, pressure coefficient, pre-
whirl; Axial flow compressor- Degree of reaction, polytropic efficincy, surging, choking and
stalling, performance characteristics, Problems. Gas Turbines: Brayton cycle; Components
of a gas turbine plant; open and closed types of gas turbine plants; Optimum pressure ratio;
Improvements of the basic gas turbine cycle; multi stage compression with inter-cooling;
multi stage expansion with reheating between stages; exhaust gas heat exchanger,
Applications of gas turbines. Problems.




MANAGEMENT EDUCATION AND RESEARCH INSTITUTE
COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY
INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE & GAS TURBINE


B.E. 5th SEMESTER (Mechanical Engineering)
Course Lecturer-Mr. Love Bhardwaj

COURSE OBJECTIVE-

In the subject the fundamentals of how the design and operation of internal
combustion engines affect their performance, operation, fuel requirements, and
environmental impact. Topics include fluid flow, thermodynamics, combustion,
heat transfer and friction phenomena, and fuel properties, with reference to engine
power, efficiency, and emissions. Students examine the design features and
operating characteristics of different types of internal combustion engines: spark-
ignition, diesel, stratified-charge, and mixed-cycle engines. Class includes lab
project in the Engine Laboratory.
METHODOLOGY-
i. The pedagogy will be lectures and assignments.
ii. Audio Visual aids will be used during the course.
iii. Surprise tests and Quiz
iv. Industrial visits and seminars

EVALUATION-
Besides the semester end examination, the students will be continuously assessed
during the course on the following basis:
i. Mid Term Examinations : 20 Marks
ii. Internal Assessment : 30 Marks
(Assignments : 15 Marks)
(Attendance : 15 Marks)
iii. End Semester Examination : 100 Marks

Total : 150 Marks









Internal Combustion Engines & Gas Turbines
Code: ME-307-F
TEACHING PLAN
5th Semester (Mechanical Engg.) Session 2013-14
Detailed Course Outline References No. of
Session
s
Dates of lectures

Section A
Air Standard Cycles:
Internal and external combustion
engines; classification of I.C.
Engines, Cycles
of operation in four stroke and two
stroke I.C. Engines, Wankel Engines,
Assumptions made in air
standard cycle; Otto cycle; diesel
cycle, dual combustion cycle,
comparison of Otto, diesel and dual
combustion cycles; sterling and
Ericsson cycles; air standard
efficiency, specific work output,
specific
weight; work ratio; mean effective
pressure; deviation of actual engine
cycle from ideal cycle.
Problems
Accessories:
Carburetion, fuel Injection and
Ignition systems: Mixture
requirements for various operating
conditions
in S.I.Engines; elementary
carburetor, Requirements of a
diesel injection system; types of
inject
systems; petrol injection,
Requirements of ignition system;
types of ignition systems ignition
timing;
spark plugs. Problems
.

Text Books:

1. Internal
Combustion
Engines V.
Ganesan, Pub.-
Tata McGraw-
Hill.
2.Gas Turbines
- V. Ganesan,
Pub.- Tata
McGraw Hill.
3. Engineering
fundamental of
the I.C.Engine
Willard W.
Pulkrabek Pub.-
PHI,India

Reference
Books:
1. Internal
Combustion
Engines & Air
pollution- Obert
E.F, Pub.-
Hopper & Row
Pub., New York
2.Internal
Combustion
Engines
Fundamentals-
John B.
Heywood, Pub.-
McGraw Hill,





15



17/8/2013-5/9/2013





New York


Section B
Combustion in I.C. Engines:
S.I. engines; Ignition limits; stages
of combustion in S.I. Engines;
Ignition
lag; velocity of flame propagation;
detonation; effects of engine
variables on detonation; theories of
detonation; octane rating of fuels;
pre-ignition; S.I. engine combustion
chambers, Stages of
combustion in C.I. Engines; delay
period; variables affecting delay
period; knock in C.I. engines,
Cetane rating; C.I. engine
combustion chambers

Lubrication & Cooling
System:
Functions of a lubricating system,
Types of lubrication system; mist,
wet sump and dry sump systems;
properties of lubricating oil; SAE
rating of lubricants, engine
performance and lubrication,
Necessity of engine cooling;
disadvantages of overcooling;
cooling
systems; air-cooling, water cooling;
radiators




Text Books:

1. Internal
Combustion
Engines V.
Ganesan, Pub.-
Tata McGraw-
Hill.
2.Gas Turbines
- V. Ganesan,
Pub.- Tata
McGraw Hill.
3. Engineering
fundamental of
the I.C.Engine
Willard W.
Pulkrabek Pub.-
PHI,India







13

6/9/2013-24/9/2013







Section C

Engine Testing & Performance:
Performance parameters: BHP, IHP,
mechanical efficiency, brake
mean effective pressure and
indicative mean effective pressure,
torque, volumetric efficiency;
specific
fuel consumption (BSFC, ISFC),
thermal efficiency; heat balance;
Basic engine measurements; fuel
and air consumption, brake power,
indicated power and friction
power, heat lost to coolant and
exhaust gases; performance curves.
Problems

Air pollution from I.C. Engine and
its remedies:
Pollutants from S.I. and C.I.
Engines, Methods of
emission control; alternative fuels
for I.C. Engines; the current
scenario on the pollution front




Text Books:

1. Internal
Combustion
Engines V.
Ganesan, Pub.-
Tata McGraw-
Hill.
2.Gas Turbines
- V. Ganesan,
Pub.- Tata
McGraw Hill.
3. Engineering
fundamental of
the I.C.Engine
Willard W.
Pulkrabek Pub.-
PHI,India
















10

1/10/2013-12/10/2013













Section D
Rotary Compressors:
Root and vane blowers; Static and
total head values; Centrifugal
compressors-
Velocity diagrams, slip factor, ratio
of compression, pressure
coefficient, pre-whirl; Axial flow
compressor- Degree of reaction,
polytropicefficincy, surging, choking
and stalling, performance
characteristics, Problems.


Gas Turbines:
Brayton cycle; Components of a
gas turbine plant; open and
closed types of gas
turbine plants; Optimum
pressure ratio; Improvements of
the basic gas turbine cycle; multi
stage
compression with inter-cooling;
multi stage expansion with
reheating between stages;
exhaust gas
heat exchanger, Applications of
gas turbines
.




Text Books:

1. Internal
Combustion
Engines V.
Ganesan, Pub.-
Tata McGraw-
Hill.
2.Gas Turbines
- V. Ganesan,
Pub.- Tata
McGraw Hill.
3. Engineering
fundamental of
the I.C.Engine
Willard W.
Pulkrabek Pub.-
PHI,India








9

15/10/2013-26/10/2013














ADD ON

1. RAMJET-
It is the Air-Breathing
system used in many air
crafts.We will study the
different parts of SU-Engine
kept in workshop.
2. HELICOPTER ENGINE-
It is also a air breathing
engine which provide
upward thrust to helicopter
and we will analyse its parts
kept in workhop.



2

29/10/2013-30/10/2013



TOTAL HOURS:49






MANAGEMENT EDUCATION AND RESEARCH INSTITUTE
COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY
I NTERNAL COMBUSTI ON ENGI NE & GAS TURBI NE
ME-307-F

B.TECH MECH. 5
TH
SEMESTER

I MPORTANT TOPI CS OF
(I NTERNAL COMBUSTI ON ENGI NE & GAS TURBI NE)

SECTION-A SECTION-B SECTION-C SECTION-D
1. What are I C & EC
engines?

2. Difference b/w 2
stroke and 4 strokes.

3. Different cycles.

4. I dling, cruising, high
power

5. Types of I njection
system

6. Battery-coil ignition
system

1. Variables affecting
the delay period

2. Phenomenon of
knocking in CI engine
and compare it with SI
engine knock

3. Factors tending to
reduce detonation and
knocking in SI and CI
engine

4. Cetane and octane
number

5. Explain the 2 types
of cooling system

6.Different methods to
cool engine
1. Engine efficiencies

2. What is horse power

3. Morse test and
Motoring method

4. Hybrid vehicles &
major components of
Hybrid engines

5. Automobile
companies
manufacture hybrid
vehicles
1. Surging

2. Choking and
polytrophic efficiency

3. Slip factor and derive
an expression for same

4. Advantage and
disadvantages of gas
turbine

5. Classify the gas
turbine cycle

6. Difference between
gas turbine and steam
turbine.







Course Lecturer- MR. LOVE BHARDWAJ



ASSIGNTMENT-1


Subject: IC Engine & Gas Turbine

Branch: Mechanical

Subject Code: ME-307-F Semester: 5th





Proposed Date of Allotment:-23/08/2013

Date of Submission:-27/08/2013

Date of Discussion:-30/08/2013


Q1-What is IC & EC engines and give each example.

Q2-Difference b/w 2 stroke and 4 stroke.

Q3-Why 2 stroke are not in use now days?

Q4- Explain Sterling cyle?

Q5 -Explain Ericsson cycle?

Q6- Derive dual comustion cycle?

Q7-For an engine working on the ideal Dual cycle,the compression ratio is 10 and the

maximum pressure is limited to 70bar.If the heat suppplied is 1680kj/kg,find the pressure

and temperatures at the various salient points of the cycle and the cycle efficency.The

pressure and temprature of air at the commencement of compression are 1bar and 100C

respectively. Assume Cp=1.004kj/kgk and Cv=0.717kj/kgk for air.





ASSIGNTMENT-2


Subject: IC Engine & Gas Turbine

Branch: Mechanical

Subject Code: ME-307-F Semester: 5th





Proposed Date of Allotment:-30/08/2013

Date of Submission:-3/09/2013

Date of Discussion:-6/09/2013



Q1-What are the 3types of air-fuel mixture and explain them.


Q2-Explain idling,cruising,high power.


Q3-State the essential requirements of a spark ignition.


Q4-What are the types of Injection system.


Q5-Give short note of one of the injection system.


Q6-Explain the Battery-coil ignition system.


Q7-Explain hot-cold plug with the help of neat sketch






ASSIGNTMENT-3


Subject: IC Engine & Gas Turbine

Branch: Mechanical

Subject Code: ME-307-F Semester: 5th





Proposed Date of Allotment:-6/09/2013

Date of Submission:-10/09/2013

Date of Discussion:-13/09/2013



Q1-What is delay period?


Q2-Explain the variables affecting the delay period?


Q3-Name various theories of detonation. Explain pre-ignition.


Q4-Explain the phenomenon of knocking in CI engine and compare it with SI engine
knock.


Q5-Explain the comustion stages in CI engine.


Q6-Defines the factors tending to reduce detonation and knocking in SI and CI engine

.
Q7-Difference between cetane and octane number.






ASSIGNTMENT-4


Subject: IC Engine & Gas Turbine

Branch: Mechanical

Subject Code: ME-307-F Semester: 5th





Proposed Date of Allotment:-13/09/2013

Date of Submission:- 17/09/2013

Date of Discussion:- 20/09/2013



Q1-What is the necessity of engine cooling?


Q2-Compare air cooling with water cooling system.


Q3-What is the Evaporative cooling system?


Q4-How the Evaporative cooling system is different from Pressure cooling system?


Q5-Explain the 2 types of cooling system.


Q6-What are radiators.


Q7-How the engine is cooled,define different methods








ASSIGNTMENT-5


Subject: IC Engine & Gas Turbine

Branch: Mechanical

Subject Code: ME-307-F Semester: 5th





Proposed Date of Allotment:- 20/09/2013

Date of Submission:- 24/09/2013

Date of Discussion:- 27/09/2013



Q1-What are the engine efficiencies?


Q2-A 4 cyclinder petrol engine operates on the 4-stroke cycle, the bore of each cylinder is
70mm and the stroke 100mm. The clearance volume per cylinder is . At a speed of 400rpm,
the fuel consumption is 20kg/h and the torque developed is 150Nm.

Calculate

(i)The brake power

(ii)The brake mean effective pressure.

(iii)The brake thermal efficiency,if calorific value of the fuel is Kj/Kg

(iv)The relative efficiency on a brake power basis assuming the engine works on constant
volume cycle.










Q3-A single cylinder 4 stroke oil engine works on diesel cycles. The following readigs
correspond to full load condition.

(i)Area of indicator diagram

(ii)Length of the diagram

(iii)Spring constant

(iv)Speed of the engine

(v)Load on the brake

(vi)Spring reading

(vii)Diameter of the brake drum

(viii)Fuel consumption

(ix)Calorific value of the fuel

(x)Diameter of the cylinder

(xi)Stroke of the piston

Find the following

(a)Friction power

(b)Mechanical efficiency

(c)Brake thermal efficiency

(d)Brake mean effective pressure.


Q4-A 4 cylinder engine running at 1200rpm deliers 20KW.The average torque when one
cylinder was cut is 110nm. Find the indicated thermal efficiency if the calorific value of the
fuel is 43MJ/Kg and the engine uses 360grams of gasoline per KWH.

Q5- What is horse power and define 8HP.

Q6- Give a short note on Morse test and Motoring method.

Q7-Define Brake specific fuel consumption and state its importance.



ASSIGNTMENT-6


Subject: IC Engine & Gas Turbine

Branch: Mechanical

Subject Code: ME-307-F Semester: 5th





Proposed Date of Allotment:- 27/09/2013

Date of Submission:- 1/10/2013

Date of Discussion:- 4/10/2013




Q1-What are the major constituents which contributes to air pollution in SI engines?


Q2-What are the difficulties experienced in using hydrogen as fuel for SI engines?


Q3-What modifications are required to carrried out in the enigne while using H2 as fuel?


Q4-What are Hybrid vehicles.


Q5-What are the major components of Hybrid engines


Q6-How CNG vehicles works on Hybrid engine?


Q7-Which automobile companies manufacture hybrid vehicles?








ASSIGNTMENT-7


Subject: IC Engine & Gas Turbine

Branch: Mechanical

Subject Code: ME-307-F Semester: 5th





Proposed Date of Allotment:- 4/10/2013

Date of Submission:- 8/10/2013

Date of Discussion:- 11/10/2013



Q1-Explain the degree of reaction.


Q2-What is surging?


Q3-What is choking and polytropic efficiency?


Q4-Explian various types of rotary compressor with diagram.


Q5-Define slip factor and derive an expression for same.


Q6-What are positive displacement type of Rotary compressors?


Q7-Explain power input factor









ASSIGNTMENT-8


Subject: IC Engine & Gas Turbine

Branch: Mechanical

Subject Code: ME-307-F Semester: 5th





Proposed Date of Allotment:- 11/10/2013

Date of Submission:- 15/10/2013

Date of Discussion:- 18/10/2013


Q1-List the advantage and disadvantages of gas turbine?

Q2-How gas turbine works?

Q3-What are the application of gas turbine?

Q4-Classify the gas turbine cycle?

Q5-Difference between gas turbine and steam turbine?

Q6-A closed cycle gas turbine consists of a 2 stage compressor and a 2 stage turbine. All the
components are mounted on the same shaft the pressure and temperaure at the inlet of the
1
st
stage compressor are 2 bar and 25c. The maximum cycle temperature and pressure are
limited to 850C and 8bar. A perfect inter-cooler is used between the 2 compressors and a
reheater is used between the 2 turbines. Gases are heated in the reheater to 850C before
entering into the LP turbine.
Assuming the compressor and turbine efficiencies as 0.83,Find-
(i)Cycle efficiency without regenerator.
(ii)With regenrator whos effectiveness is 0.65
(iii)If the IP developed by the plant is 310KW.Find the mass of fluid circulated.Air is used
in the working fluid.

Q7-List the advantage and disadvantages of gas turbine over diesel or petrol engines.






B. E.
Fifth Semester Examination, May 2006
I.C. Engine
(ME-307)

NOTE: Attempt only 5 questions, take at least 2 questions from each part.

[PART-I]

Q.1. Derive an expression for the air standard efficiency on a volume basis of engines working
on Otto, Diesel and limited pressure cycle. Also compare the above cycles, for the same
compression ratio and heat input.
Q.2. Describe the combustion phenomenon in S.I. Engines, and discuss the effect of fuel air
ration, compression ratio, Engine load, engine speed and turbulence on flame propagation.
Q.3. Attempt the following-
(a)Compare air swirf in C.I. Engines with turbulence in S.I. Engines.
(b)Write short note on the A/F ratio requirement of S.I. Engines from no
load to full load.
Q.4. Attempt the following-
(a)Describe different types of injection nozzles and discuss their relative advantages and
disadvantages.
(b)Write short note on compressed natural gas (CNG) as an I.C. Engine fuel.

[PART-II]

Q.5. How the post timing diagram of 2-stroke cycle engine is different than that of 4-stroke cycle
engine. Explain scavenging process in two stroke engine.
Q.6. Describe a battery ignition system, with the help of a neat sketch, used in automobiles.
Q.7.What is evaporative cooling? How does the temperature vary within the cylinder, during
cycle? Why overcooling is harmful in an engine?
Q.8.The following readings were obtained from a test on a single cylinder oil engine working on
the four stroke cycle.
Area of indicator diagram=4.1 cm^2, length of indicator diagram=6.25cm, indicator spring
rating=0.9mm, cylinder bore and stroke=105mm & 150mm, respectively, mean diameter of
brake wheel=0.6m, brake load=18kg, spring balance reading=3kg, engine speed=480rpm.
Calculate: (a)brake power, (b)indicated power, and (c)mechanical efficiency.