A THIRD YEAR MINI-PROJECT

ON

WIRELESS KEYBOARD
USING INFRA RED COMMUNICATION

PROJECT BY-

MS. GOURI PATIL

MS. MUKTA GORE
MS. AMRUTA VAIDYA
MR. SHANTANU KURHEKAR
EVOLUTION OF KEYBOARDS–
There has been technical innovation in keyboards over the years, mostly
having to do with the way they are connected to computers.
•Terminal style, connecting to a main frame through a monitor, used an RJ-
11 jack
•AT connector connected to the motherboard
•PS2 connector
•Wireless and infra red keyboards
•USB keyboards
•Virtual keyboards, which can be projected on any surface
•Wireless keyboards provide flexibility and comfort to the user while taking
nothing away from the reliability of the connection.
•Line-of-sight is required for faithful communication. This can be an advantage
in case of minimizing interference from other devices as the range of
operation lies in the user’s field of vision.
•This attempt at a wireless interface between the keyboard and the PC aims
at improving the flexibility and working range of the keyboard, while
minimizing interference and cost.
•The application could prove to be of immense use in case of secure access,
application control and as input device for handhelds and pocket PCs.
 IR
Emitting
Diode
Keyboard Micro IR Detector
Controller

PC
• KEYBOARD – Complete character set implemented on a 2X4
matrix membrane type keyboard using multiple-key presses.

• MICROCONTROLLER
• AT89S52, the heart of the system. Debounces, decodes
and sends corresponding ASCII code to TxD of serial port
at preset baud rate.
• It also generates 38KHz frequency which needs to be given
to the IR led for proper detection at the receiving end.

• IR Emitting Diode – The output of TxD is given to a current

booster circuit and then transmitted by the IR Diode using
Amplitude Shift Keying (ASK).
TRANSMITTER CIRCUIT
Circuit used for current boosting and ASK

Supply

51 ohm

TxD IR
TIL38 Emitting
(P3. 1)
Diode
AT89S52
38 KHz 2N2222A
(P3. 2) 1Kohm

IC 74125
• IR DETECTOR TSOP 1738
• Detects IR signal modulated at 38 KHz.
• It has an open collector output and is connected to serial port of
computer using null modem configuration through a level converter
namely the MAX 232
• Computer Terminal
• The output of the TSOP is connected to serial port of PC using a DB-9
connector.
• The output is observed on Hyper Terminal, a program which is used to
connect to other DTE (Data Terminal Equipment).
RECEIVER CIRCUIT

MAX 232
1. Initialize timers in appropriate modes and initialize serial port in mode 1
2. Wait till all keys are up.
3. Detect key press by polling column lines.
4. On key press, debounce the key
5. Detect the row in which the pressed key lies.
6. Detect column in which key is pressed.
7. Return relevant key code from table corresponding to number of times the key
has been pressed within 1 second time interval.
8. Start timer for the generation of carrier frequency.
9. Start timer for serial communication and send data out of serial port at set
baud rate.
10. Stop timers after transmission is over.
11.Repeat from step 2.
•Provides reliable detection upto a distance of 30 feet (about 10 meters)
with 10V supply to the IR LED.
•Ensures enough mobility to the user to move about in a room about 20
feet by 20 feet and still maintain connectivity as long as line-of-sight is
maintained.
•Larger range can be obtained using an IR transmitter LED which can
handle higher current.
•Only 8 keys have been used to enter the entire alphabet set along with
special characters like full stop, comma and controls like line feed and
carriage return. Small size ensures that the keyboard is nifty and mobile.
•Much cheaper than a Bluetooth keyboard.
•Secure and remote access-keyless entry, terminal control from
outside of sterile labs, car access.
•Can be used for volume control, to control slide show presentations,
video functions control, and even application control on PCs as well
as mobile devices like i-Pods
•Input device for text editors on PCs as well as Handhelds and
Palmtops
•Data available at the serial port of the computer can be accessed
and processed at will by the user.
In case of secure access, a double layer of protection can be
implemented as follows:
•Only the user who possesses an input device with valid ID is allowed
to enter the password.
•Access is granted only if he enters correct password. In that case, a
mechanism which opens the door is activated on fulfillment of both
conditions.
 Sensor part of the
Car access system

Similar to the Autocop, the IR keyboard can be used for secure keyless
entry to cars by entering correct code or password. Again double layer
of protection can be used for enhanced security.
•Wireless access can be crucial in case of process control in sterile or
radioactive labs.
•It will provide immediate access to the control terminal inside the lab in
case of a breakdown or overflow condition.
•The layman can use the keyboard to control multimedia
applications.
•For example, if the user is watching a video or making a presentation on his
terminal and he needs to adjust the contrast or increase the volume, he
would find the IR keyboard configured for the purpose very handy and
convenient than going to the terminal and pressing the necessary buttons.
•The wireless keyboard can also be used as an input device for text editors
on PCs, handhelds and palmtops.
•It can be used to control gaming consoles like X-box and Playstation if
configured for the job.
•Basically, since the data is available at the serial port of the device
to be controlled, the programmer can stretch his imagination to any extent
and process the data as desired.
Books:
1. The 8051 Microcontrollers and embedded systems
By Muhammad Ali Mazidi & Janice Gillespie Mazidi
2. The 8051 Microcontroller
By Kenneth J. Ayala
Websites:
1. ISP Programmer design by Asim Khan
2. Datasheetarchive.com
3. Clickonline.com
4. Howstuffworks.com