Pour /p:/

W3S2 v cup, saucer, teapot// ----------//

1 liquid:
2 liquid/smoke:
3 rain:
4 people or things:
5 light:
6 pour cold water over/on something:
7 pour scorn on somebody/something:
8 pour oil on troubled waters:
9 pour it on:
10 pour on the charm: Phrasal verbs// pour something into something// pour something out//

1 LIQUID: [T] to make a liquid or other substance flow out of or into a container by holding it at an angle// --She
poured coffee for everyone.// pour sth into/out/down etc (sth)// --Pour the oil into a frying pan and heat.// pour sth away//
(=get rid of something) // --The wine was so bad I just poured it away.// pour sb sth// --Why don't you pour yourself
another drink ?//
2 LIQUID/SMOKE: [I always + adverb/preposition] if a lot of liquid or smoke pours out, it comes out from somewhere
in very large amounts// pour from/down/out// --Smoke was pouring out of the upstairs windows.// --Blood was pouring
from his nose.//
3 RAIN: also pour down // [I] to rain heavily without stopping// -- It's pouring now.// -- It poured all night.// it's
pouring with rain/it poured with rain BrE // --It was pouring down with rain at three o'clock.//
4 PEOPLE OR THINGS: [I always + adverb/preposition] if lot of people or things pour into or out of a place, a lot of
them arrive or leave at the same time// pour into/out of/from etc// --The crowds began pouring out of the stadium.// --
Offers of help poured in from all over the country.//
5 LIGHT: [I always + adverb/preposition] if light is pouring into or out of a place, a lot of light is coming in or out//
pour into/out of// --Light was pouring into the courtyard.//
6 pour cold water over/on sth: to criticize someone's plan, idea, or desire to do something so much that they no longer
feel excited about it//
7 pour scorn on sb/sth: to say that something or someone is stupid and not worth considering//
8 pour oil on troubled waters: to try to stop a quarrel, for example by talking to people and making them calmer//
9 pour it on: a) to behave or talk in a particular way in order to make people like you or feel sorry for you// b) AmE
informal to try very hard in order to do something, especially in order to win a game// --The Raiders really poured it on in
the second quarter.//
10 pour on the charm: to behave in a very nice and polite way, in order to make someone like you// pour into [pour sth
into sth] phr v// if people pour money into something, they provide a lot of money for it over a period of time, in order to
make it successful// --They've poured thousands of pounds into developing the business.// pour out [pour sth out] phr
v// if you pour out your thoughts, feelings etc, you tell someone all about them, especially because you feel very unhappy//
--She poured out all her troubles to him.// pour out your heart/soul (=tell someone all your feelings, including your most
secret ones) //
pouring
adj pouring rain is very heavy rain//

tow /to/
v [T] // to pull a vehicle or ship along behind another vehicle, using a rope or chain// --The ship had to be towed into the
harbor.// tow sth away// --Our car had been towed away//
tow 2 n
1 [C] an act of pulling a vehicle behind another vehicle, using a rope or chain: --Can you give us a tow to the garage?//
2 in tow: informal following closely behind someone or something// --Hannah arrived with her four kids in tow.// --He
turned up at my office with two lawyers in tow.//
3 take sth in tow: to connect a rope or a chain to a vehicle or ship so that it can be towed//
4 under/on tow: BrE if a ship is under tow or a car is on tow, it is being pulled along by another vehicle//


substitute /'sbsttjut/
n [C]
1 also sub : someone who does someone else's job for a limited period of time, especially in a sports team or school// --
Germany brought on a substitute at half time.// --substitute goalkeeper// substitute for// --The coach has to find a
substitute for Tim.//
2 a person or thing that you use instead of the one that you usually have, because the usual one is not available: --a sugar
substitute// --a father substitute//
3 be no substitute for sth: used to emphasize that something is not as good as another thing// --Vitamin pills are no
substitute for a healthy diet.//
substitute 2 v
1 [T] to use something new or different instead of something else: substitute sth for sth// --The recipe says you can
substitute yoghurt for the sour cream.//
2 [I] to do someone's job until the person who usually does it is able to do it again: substitute for// --Bill substituted for
Larry, who was off sick.//
3 [T] to replace someone with another person especially another player: --Michael Owen had to be substituted after 20
minutes on the field.//
substitution
n [U and C] when someone or something is replaced by someone or something else// --Coach Ross made two
substitutions in the second half.// substitution of sth for sth// --the substitution of English for French as the world's
common language//

sour /sar/
adj
1 having a sharp acid taste, like the taste of a lemon or a fruit that is not ready to be eaten: sweet// bitter// --Rachel
sampled the wine. It was sour.// --sour cherries// sweet-and-sour//
2 milk or other food that is sour is not fresh and has a bad taste: turn/go sour (=become sour) //
3 unfriendly or looking bad-tempered: sour look/face/smile etc // --Eliza was tall and thin, with a rather sour face.// --a
sour-faced old man//
4 informal if a relationship or plan turns or goes sour, it becomes less enjoyable, pleasant, or satisfactory: --As time went
by, their marriage turned sour .// --The meeting ended on a sour note with neither side able to reach agreement.//
5 sour grapes: used to say that someone is pretending that they dislike something because they want it but cannot have it
- used to show disapproval// -- sourly adv // -- sourness n [U] //
sour 2 v [I and T]
1 if a relationship or someone's attitude sours, or if something sours it, it becomes unfriendly or unfavourable: --An
unhappy childhood has soured her view of life.//
2 if milk sours, or if something sours it, it begins to have an unpleasant sharp taste:

pout /pat/
v [I and T] // to push out your lower lip because you are annoyed or unhappy, or in order to look sexually attractive// --
He sounded like a pouting child.// --Her full lips pouted slightly.//
-- pout n [C] // -- pouty adj /

sullen /'sln/
adj //
1 angry and silent, especially because you feel life has been unfair to you: --Bill sat in sullen silence and refused to eat his
lunch.// --a look of sullen resentment//
2 literary a sullen sky or sea is dark and looks as if bad weather is coming:
-- sullenly adv // -- sullenness n [U] //




chime /tam/
v
1 [I and T] if a bell or clock chimes, it makes a ringing sound, especially to tell you what time it is: --The clock in the hall
chimed six.//
2 [I] to be the same as something else or to have the same effect: chime with// --Her views on life didn't quite chime with
mine.// chime in phr v// to say something in a conversation, especially to agree with what someone has just said// --'We'll
miss you too,' the children chimed in.//
chime 2 n
1 [C] a ringing sound made by a bell or clock:
2 chimes [plural] a set of bells or other objects that produce musical sounds, used as a musical instrument or, for
example, as a type of doorbell: wind chimes//

ornament /rnmnt/
n
1 [C] a small object that you keep in your house because it is beautiful rather than useful: --a shelf covered with books
and ornaments// --china ornaments//
2 [U] decoration that is added to something: --The building style is plain, with very little ornament.// for ornament// --
The coins were only ever used for ornament, not as currency.//
ornament 2 v /rnmnt/ be ornamented with sth// to be decorated with something// --a silver goblet
ornamented with pearls// richly/exquisitely/lavishly etc ornamented // --a table richly ornamented with carvings//
ornamental adj /rnmntl/
designed to make something look attractive rather than to be used for a particular purpose// --ornamental gardens// --The
pillars in the centre are purely ornamental.//
ornamentation n [U] /rnmnten, mn /
decoration on an object that makes it look attractive// --a bronze plate with gold ornamentation//

infiltrate /nfltret/
v
1 [>I always + adv/prep, T] to secretly join an organization or enter a place in order to find out information about it or
harm it: --Police attempts to infiltrate neo-Nazi groups were largely unsuccessful.// infiltrate into// --Rebel forces have
been infiltrating into the country.//
2 [T] to secretly put people into an organization or place in order to find out information or to harm it: infiltrate sb into
sth// --They repeatedly tried to infiltrate assassins into the palace.//
3 [T] to become a part of something - used especially to show disapproval: --Commercialism has been infiltrating
universities for the past decade.//
-- infiltrator n [C] // -- infiltration n [U] //

unforeseeable /'nf:'si:bl/
adj an unforeseeable event, situation etc could not have been expected// --unforeseeable danger//


absurd /bsrd, -zrd/
adj
1 completely stupid or unreasonable: ridiculous// quite/slightly/completely etc absurd // --It seems quite absurd to
expect anyone to drive for 3 hours just for a 20 minute meeting.// --It seems an absurd idea.//
2 the absurd: something that is completely stupid and unreasonable// --Some of the stories he tells verge on the absurd.//
-- absurdity n [U and C] // --Duncan laughed at the absurdity of the situation.//
absurdly adv
surprisingly or unreasonably// ridiculously// absurdly low/high // --Prices on the island seem absurdly low to Western
tourists.//

stitch /stit/
n ----------//
1 sewing:
2 for wound:
3 pain:
4 with wool:
5 style:
6 not have a stitch on:
7 in stitches:
8 a stitch in time (saves nine): ----------// [Language: Old English; Origin: stice 'prick']//
1 SEWING: [C] a short piece of thread that has been sewn into a piece of cloth, or the action of the thread going into and
out of the cloth//
2 FOR WOUND: [C] a piece of special thread which has been used to sew the edges of a wound together// --He had to
have 10 stitches in his head.//
3 PAIN: [C usually singular] a sharp pain in the side of your body, which you can get by running or laughing a lot//
4 WITH WOOL: [C] a small circle of wool that is formed around a needle when you are knitting// drop a stitch (=lose a
stitch because the wool has come off the needle) //
5 STYLE: [U and C] a particular way of sewing or knitting that makes a particular pattern// --Purl and plain are the two
main stitches in knitting.//
6 not have a stitch on: informal to be wearing no clothes//
7 in stitches: laughing a lot in a uncontrollable way// have/keep sb in stitches (=make someone laugh) // --Her jokes had
us all in stitches.//
8 a stitch in time (saves nine): spoken used to say that it is better to deal with problems early than to wait until they get
worse//
stitch 2 v [T] to sew two pieces of cloth together, or to sew a decoration onto a piece of cloth// --Mary is stitching a
bedspread.// stitch sth onto/across sth// --The jersey has his name stitched across the back.// stitch together [stitch sth
together] phr v//
1 to put different things or parts of something together to make one larger thing: --In ten years, they have been able to
stitch together a national network of banks.//
2 to get a deal or agreement arranged: stitch up [stitch sb/sth up] phr v//
1 to put stitches in cloth or a wound in order to fasten parts of it together: --She stitched up the cut and left it to heal.//
2 to get a deal or agreement completed satisfactorily so that it cannot be changed: --The deal was stitched up in minutes.//
3 BrE informal to deceive someone, especially in order to gain money from them:
4 BrE informal to make someone seem guilty of a crime by providing false information: frame//
stitching
n [U] a line of stitches in a piece of material//

dwell /dwel/
v past tense and past participle dwelt /dwelt/ or dwelled [I always + adverb/preposition] // [Language: Old English;
Origin: dwellan]// literary to live in a particular place// --They dwelt in the middle of the forest.// dwell on/upon [dwell
on/upon sth] phr v// to think or talk for too long about something, especially something unpleasant// --That is not a subject
I want to dwell on.//

clockwork /'klkw:k/
n [U]
1 BrE clockwork toys, trains, soldiers etc have machinery inside them that makes them move when you turn a key: --
mechanical toys powered by clockwork// --The tape was driven by a clockwork motor.//
2 go/run like clockwork: to happen in exactly the way you had planned// --The concert went like clockwork.//
3 like clockwork: also (as) regular as clockwork// happening at the same time and in the same way every time// --Matt
came round each Friday, regular as clockwork.//
4 with clockwork precision/accuracy: in an extremely exact way//



pun /pn/
n [C] an amusing use of a word or phrase that has two meanings, or of words that have the same sound but different
meanings// play on words// forgive/excuse/pardon the pun (=used to show you know you are making a pun) // no pun
intended (=used to show you do not mean to make a joke about something) // --The clergy prey (no pun intended) on
bereaved families.//
pun 2 past tense and past participle punned present participle punning v [I] // to make a pun// pun on// --In this line,
Hamlet puns on the meaning of 'saw'.//

displeased /dspliz/
adj formal annoyed or not satisfied// pleased// --He looked extremely displeased.// displeased with// --City officials
are displeased with the lack of progress.// -- displease v [T] // -- displeasing adj //

utilize /jutlaz /
v [T] formal to use something for a particular purpose// --We must consider how best to utilize what resources we have.//
-- utilizable adj // -- utilization n [U] //

subconscious /sbkns/
adj subconscious feelings, desires etc are hidden in your mind and affect your behaviour, but you do not know that you
have them// --a subconscious fear of failure// -- subconsciously adv // --Subconsciously, he blames himself for the
accident.//
subconscious 2 n [singular] the part of your mind that has thoughts and feelings you do not know about//
unconscious// --anger buried deep in the subconscious//

comprehend /kmprhnd/
v [I,T not in progressive] to understand something that is complicated or difficult// understand, grasp//
comprehension// --She cannot comprehend the extent of the disaster.// --I did not fully comprehend what had happened.//
comprehend what/how/why etc// --It may be hard to comprehend how much this gift means for my country.// comprehend
that// --Finally, she comprehended that he wanted his pay.// ----------// HINT sense 1 // In spoken English and ordinary
written English, it is more usual to use understand. // ----------//
comprehensible adj
easy to understand// understandable// incomprehensible// --Her speech was slurred and barely comprehensible.//
comprehensible to// --The procedure must be clear and comprehensible to all staff.// -- comprehensibility n [U] //
comprehension n
1 [U] the ability to understand something: understanding// comprehend// comprehension of// --They don't have the
least comprehension of what I'm trying to do.// --The research project will focus on children's comprehension of pretence.//
--Why you let her talk you into doing such a foolish thing is beyond my comprehension (=impossible for me to
understand) .//
2 [U and C] an exercise given to students to test how well they understand written or spoken language: --new methods of
testing reading comprehension// --a comprehension task//
comprehensive
W3 adj
1 including all the necessary facts, details, or problems that need to be dealt with: thorough// --We offer our customers a
comprehensive range of financial products.// --a comprehensive guide to British hotels and restaurants// --The following
guidelines do not aim to be totally comprehensive.// comprehensive review/study/survey/account etc // --a thorough and
comprehensive review of the case// --a comprehensive study of alcoholism//
2 comprehensive insurance/cover/policy: car insurance that pays for damage whether it is caused by you or someone
else//
3 comprehensive education/system: a system of education in Britain in which children of different abilities go to the
same school and are taught together// -- comprehensively adv // --No system has failed as comprehensively as the prison
system.// -- comprehensiveness n [U] // ----------// HINT sense 1 // Do not confuse with comprehensible (=possible to
understand) or understanding (=sympathetic about people's problems): His report was barely comprehensible.| My parents
are very understanding. //

sole /sol/
W3 adj [only before noun]
1 the sole person, thing etc is the only one: only// --the sole American in the room// --Griffiths is the sole survivor of
the crash.// --The story was published with the sole purpose of selling newspapers.//
2 not shared with anyone else: --Derek has sole responsibility for sales in Dublin.// --The company has the sole rights to
market Elton John's records.//
sole 2 n
1 [C] the bottom surface of your foot, especially the part you walk or stand on: --The soles of his feet were caked in
mud.// heel, upper, toe, lace, lining, sole//
2 [C] flat bottom part of a shoe, not including the heel: --the soles of her shoes // thick-soled/leather-soled etc (=having
soles that are thick, made of leather etc) //
3 [U and C] : plural sole or soles a flat fish that is often used for food// lemon sole// --Dover sole//
sole 3 v [T usually passive] to put a new sole on a shoe//
solely adv
not involving anything or anyone else// only// --Scholarships are given solely on the basis of financial need.// --I shall
hold you solely responsible for anything that goes wrong.//

compliment /kmplmnt/
n
1 [C] a remark that shows you admire someone or something: --Being compared to Abba is a great compliment.// --Rob
Andrew had a quiet game, which is meant as a compliment .// --All Felix's guests paid her extravagant compliments. // --
To Joe the greatest compliment was to be considered amusing.//
2 take sth as a compliment: to be pleased about what someone says about you, even though they may not mean to be
nice// --They all seem to think that I ask rather cheeky questions, which I'll take as a compliment.//
3 [singular] an action that shows you admire someone: --He paid MacLennan the finest compliment of all by imitating
him.// compliment to// --It's a great compliment to the band that he came out of retirement to interview them.//
4 fish for compliments: to try to make someone say something nice about you//
5 compliments: [plural] praise or good wishes// --This soup is delicious; my compliments to the chef.//
6 with the compliments of sb/with our compliments: formal used by a person or company when they send or give
something to you// --With the compliments of J. Nocuold & Son.// --Please accept these tickets with our compliments.//
7 the compliments of the season: old-fashioned used as a spoken or written greeting at Christmas and New Year//
8 return the compliment: to behave towards someone in the same way that they have behaved towards you// --They
didn't take a lot of notice of me, and I returned the compliment.//
9 back-handed compliment: BrE left-handed compliment AmE something that someone says to you which is nice and
not nice at the same time// --'You've got a brain. Try using it.' 'Thanks for the backhanded compliment!'//
compliment 2 v [T] / kmplmnt/ to say something nice to someone in order to praise them// compliment
sb on sth// --Bob complimented me on my new hairstyle.// --The groom was so nervous he forgot to compliment the
bridesmaids.//
complimentary
adj
1 given free to people: --There was a complimentary bottle of champagne in the hotel room.// --I've got some
complimentary tickets for the theatre tonight.//
2 saying that you admire someone or something: complimentary about// --Jennie was very complimentary about
Katharine's riding.// --complimentary remarks//

autopsy /tpsi/
n plural autopsies [C] especially AmE /// an examination of a dead body to discover the cause of death// British
Equivalent: post mortem// --an autopsy report//


extremists
n [C] someone who has extreme political opinions and aims, and who is willing to do unusual or illegal things in order to
achieve them// --The bomb was planted by right-wing extremists.// -- extremist adj //

despair /dspr/
n [U]
1 a feeling that you have no hope at all: in despair// --She killed herself in despair.// the depths of despair (=very strong
feelings of despair) // --The noise from the neighbours used to drive him to despair .// to the despair of sb// --To the
despair of the workers, the company announced the closure of the factory.//
2 be the despair of sb: old-fashioned to make someone feel very worried, upset, or unhappy// --She is the despair of her
teachers.//
despair 2 v [I] formal [Date: 1200-1300; Language: Old French; Origin: desperer, from Latin desperare, from sperare
'to hope']// to feel that there is no hope at all// --Despite his illness, Ron never despaired.// despair of (doing) sth// --He
despaired of ever finding her.// despair of sb// --My teachers began to despair of me.//
despairing adj
showing a feeling that you have no hope at all// despairing cry/look/sigh etc // --She gave me a last despairing look.// --
despairingly adv //

catastrophe n /ktstrfi/
1 [U and C] a terrible event in which there is a lot of destruction, suffering, or death: disaster//
environmental/nuclear/economic etc catastrophe // --The Black Sea is facing ecological catastrophe as a result of
pollution.// prevent/avert a catastrophe // --Sudan requires food immediately to avert a humanitarian catastrophe.//
2 [C] an event which is very bad for the people involved: disaster// catastrophe for// --If the contract is cancelled, it'll be
a catastrophe for everyone concerned.// -- catastrophic adj // --a catastrophic fall in the price of rice// --The failure of
the talks could have catastrophic consequences .// -- catastrophically/-kli/ adv //

stumbled v [I] /stmbl/
1 to hit your foot against something or put your foot down awkwardly while you are walking or running, so that you
almost fall: trip// --In her hurry she stumbled and spilled the milk all over the floor.// stumble over/on// --Vic stumbled
over the step as he came in.//
2 to walk in an unsteady way and often almost fall: stagger// stumble in/out/across etc// --He stumbled upstairs and into
bed.//
3 to stop or make a mistake when you are reading to people or speaking: stumble over/at/through// --I hope I don't
stumble over any of the long words.// -- stumble n [C] //
stumble on/across/upon [stumble on/across/upon sth] phr v// to find or discover something by chance and
unexpectedly// come across// --Researchers have stumbled across a drug that may help patients with Parkinson's
disease.//

Muster v /mstr/
1 [T] also muster up sth : to get enough courage, confidence, support etc to do something, especially with difficulty//
summon (up)// muster (up) the courage/confidence/energy etc to do sth // --Finally I mustered up the courage to ask her
out.// --Senator Newbolt has been trying to muster support for his proposals.// --'It's going to be fine,' replied David, with
as much confidence as he could muster .//
2 [I and T] if soldiers muster, or if someone musters them, they come together in a group: gather// --In April 1185, he
began to muster an army .//
muster 2 n
1 pass muster (as sth): to be accepted as good enough for something// --I wasn't sure that our clothing would pass muster
at the club door.//
2 [C] literary a gathering together of soldiers so that they can be counted, checked etc:


plausible
adj
1 reasonable and likely to be true or successful: implausible// --His story certainly sounds plausible.// --a plausible
explanation//
2 someone who is plausible is good at talking in a way that sounds reasonable and truthful, although they may in fact be
lying: --a plausible liar// -- plausibly adv // -- plausibility n [U] //

coincidence /konsdns
n
1 [U and C] when two things happen at the same time, in the same place, or to the same people in a way that seems
surprising or unusual: coincide, coincidental// --'I'm going to Appleby tomorrow.' ' What a coincidence !I'm going up
there too.'// by coincidence// --By coincidence, John and I both ended up at Yale.// sheer/pure coincidence (=completely
by chance) // --I didn't set out to find you - it's sheer coincidence that I should walk along the same street.// not a
coincidence/more than coincidence // --After the fourth attack on her car she was convinced that the vandalism was more
than just coincidence.// --It seemed to her a happy coincidence that Robert should invite her for the weekend.//
2 [singular] formal when two ideas, opinions etc are the same: coincidence of// --a coincidence of interest between
the mining companies and certain politicians//
coincident /konsdnt/
adj formal existing or happening at the same place or time// coincident with// --The rise of the novel was coincident
with the decline of storytelling.//

brew
v
1 [T] to make beer: --Every beer on the menu was brewed locally.//
2 [I] if a drink of tea or coffee is brewing, the taste is getting into the hot water: --He read the paper while the tea
brewed.//
3 [T] to make a drink of tea or coffee: --freshly brewed coffee//
4 be brewing: a) if something unpleasant is brewing, it will happen soon// --There's trouble brewing in the office.// b) if
a storm is brewing, it will happen soon// brew up phr v// to make a drink of tea//
brew 2 n
1 [C] especially BrE a drink that is brewed, especially tea:
2 [U and C] AmE beer, or a can or glass of beer: --a cold brew in a frosty glass// --We grabbed a six-pack of brew and
headed for the porch.//
3 [C usually singular] a combination of different things: brew of// --The band played a strange brew of rock, jazz, and
country music.// home brew//
brewery
n plural breweries [C] // a place where beer is made, or a company that makes beer//


flight /flat/
W2S3 n ----------//
1 travel:
2 flying:
3 movement through air:
4 stairs:
5 escape:
6 flight of fancy/imagination/fantasy:
7 birds: ----------//
1 TRAVEL: [C] a journey in a plane or space vehicle, or the plane or vehicle that is making the journey// --He
immediately booked a flight to Toulouse.// --Bernstein caught the first flight out of Washington.// --We need to hurry or
we'll miss our flight .// --All flights out of Chicago were cancelled .// --Many people have trouble sleeping after a long
flight .// --a short flight in a hot air balloon// --Soon smoking will be banned on all domestic flights .// --The number of
international flights fell last year.// --British Airways offers non-stop flights from London to Tehran.// --We only had 20
minutes to make our connecting flight .//
2 FLYING: [U] when something flies through the air// in flight// --pelicans in flight// --In 1968, the first supersonic
airliner took flight (=began flying) .//
3 MOVEMENT THROUGH AIR: [U] an object's or bird's movement through the air// --During its flight, the weapon
twists and turns.//
4 STAIRS: [C] a set of stairs between one floor and the next// --Bert lives two flights down from here.// a flight of
stairs/steps // --She fell down a whole flight of stairs.//
5 ESCAPE: [U] when you leave a place in order to try and escape from a person or a dangerous situation// flight from//
--Donald Wood's hasty flight from South Africa early in 1978// take flight also // take to flight BrE // --When the alarm
sounded, the whole gang took flight.// put sb to flight (=make someone run away especially by fighting or threatening
them) //
6 flight of fancy/imagination/fantasy: thoughts, ideas etc that are full of imagination but that are not practical or
sensible//
7 BIRDS: [C] a group of birds all flying together// flight of// --a flight of swallows// in-flight, top-flight// ----------//
COLLOCATES for sense 1 // book a flight // catch a flight (=get on a plane to go somewhere) // miss a flight (=arrive too
late to get on a plane) // cancel a flight // a long/short flight // a domestic flight (=to another place in the same country) //
an international flight (=to another country) // a non-stop/direct flight // a connecting flight (=a flight to continue a
journey, after a previous flight) // ----------//
flightless adj
unable to fly// --a flightless bird//
flighty adj
a woman who is flighty changes her ideas and opinions often, and only remains interested in people or things for a short
time//

aisle /al/
n [C]
1 a long passage between rows of seats in a church, plane, theatre etc, or between rows of shelves in a shop:
2 go/walk down the aisle: informal to get married// be rolling in the aisles at roll1 (20)//

thigh /a/
n [C]
1 the top part of your leg, between your knee and your hip:
2 the top part of a bird's leg, used as food: --chicken thighs//
thighbone n [C] the bone in the top part of a leg//


distract /dstrkt/
v [T] to take someone's attention away from something by making them look at or listen to something else// --Try not to
distract the other students.// distract sb/sth from sth// --Coverage of the war was used to distract attention from other
matters.// -- distracting adj //
distracted adj
anxious and unable to think clearly// -- distractedly adv //
distraction n
1 [U and C] something that stops you paying attention to what you are doing: --I study in the library as there are too
many distractions at home.// distraction from// --Demands for equality were seen as a distraction from more serious
issues.//
2 drive sb to distraction: to continue annoying or upsetting someone very much// --The baby's constant crying drove me
to distraction.//
3 [C] old-fashioned a pleasant activity:

intent /ntnt/
adj
1 be intent on/upon (doing) sth: to be determined to do something or achieve something// --She was intent on pursuing a
career in business.//
2 giving careful attention to something so that you think about nothing else: --his intent gaze// intent on/upon// --Intent
upon her work, she didn't notice the cold.// -- intently adv // --Jake listened intently.//
intent 2 n [U] /ntnt /
1 formal what you intend to do: intention// --She behaved foolishly but with good intent.//
2 law the intention to do something illegal: with intent (to do sth)// --Jones was found guilty of wounding with intent.//
--He is charged with possession of a gun with intent to commit a robbery.//
3 to all intents and purposes: also for all intents and purposes AmE used to say that a situation is not exactly as you
describe it, but the effect is the same as if it were// --The war was, to all intents and purposes, over.//
intention /ntnn/
W2 n [U and C] a plan or desire to do something// intend// have no/every intention of doing sth // --I have no
intention of retiring just yet.// --They went into town with the intention of visiting the library.// intention to do sth// --It is
our intention to be the number one distributor of health products.// good intentions/the best (of) intentions (=intentions to
do something good or kind, especially when you do not succeed in doing it) // --He thinks the Minister is full of good
intentions which won't be carried out.// well-intentioned// ----------// GRAMMAR // !! Do not say 'have no intention to
do something' or 'not have the slightest intention to do something'. Say have no intention of doing something or not have
the slightest intention of doing something : He had no intention of paying me the money. // !! Do not say 'with the
intention to do something'. Say with the intention of doing something : He left Manchester with the intention of finding a
job in London. //
intentional /ntnnl/ adj
done deliberately and usually intended to cause harm// deliberate// unintentional// --I did trip him, but it wasn't
intentional.// -- intentionally adv // --intentionally vague promises//

flash /fl/
S3 v ----------//
1 shine:
2 pictures:
3 flash through somebody's mind/head/brain:
4 flash a smile/glance/look etc (at somebody):
5 show something quickly:
6 news/information:
7 move quickly:
8 eyes:
9 sex organs:
10 somebody's life flashes before their eyes:
11 time passing quickly: Phrasal verbs// flash something around// flash back// flash forward// ----------// [Date:
1200-1300; Origin: Originally (of liquid) 'to strike a surface'; from the sound]//
1 SHINE: [I and T] to shine suddenly and brightly for a short time, or to make something shine in this way// --Lightning
flashed overhead.// flash sth into/at/towards sb/sth// --Why is that guy flashing his headlights at me?// --Red warning
lights flashed on and off (=shone for a short time and then stopped shining) .//
2 PICTURES: [I always + adverb/preposition] to be shown quickly on television, on a computer, or on a film// flash
across/onto/past etc// --Images of the war flashed across the screen.//
3 flash through sb's mind/head/brain: if thoughts, images, memories etc flash through your mind, you suddenly think of
them or remember them// --The possibility that Frank was lying flashed through my mind.//
4 flash a smile/glance/look etc (at sb): to smile or look at someone quickly and for a short time// --'I love this city,' he
said, flashing a big smile.//
5 SHOW SOMETHING QUICKLY: [T] to show something to someone for only a short time// --He flashed his
identification card.//
6 NEWS/INFORMATION: [T always + adverb/preposition] to send news or information somewhere quickly by radio,
computer, or satellite// flash sth across/to sth// --Reporters at the scene flashed the news to their offices.//
7 MOVE QUICKLY: [I always + adverb/preposition] to move very quickly// flash by/past/through// --A meteor flashed
through the sky.//
8 EYES: [I] literary if your eyes flash, they look very bright for a moment, especially because of a sudden emotion//
flash with// --Janet's blue eyes flashed with anger.//
9 SEX ORGANS: [I and T] if a man flashes, or if he flashes someone, he shows his sexual organs in public// flasher//
10 sb's life flashes before their eyes: if someone's life flashes before their eyes, they suddenly remember many events
from their life because they are in great danger and might die//
11 TIME PASSING QUICKLY: [I always + adverb/preposition] if a period of time or an event flashes by or flashes
past, it seems to end very quickly// flash by/past// --Our vacation seemed to just flash by.// flash around [flash sth
around] phr v// to use or show something in a way that will make people notice you and think you have a lot of money// --
He's always flashing his money around.// flash back phr v// to suddenly think about or show something that happened in
the past, especially in a film, book etc// flash back to// --From here the movie flashes back to Billy's first meeting with
Schultz.// flashback// flash forward phr v// if a film, book etc flashes forward, it shows what happens in the future//
flash forward to// --The movie then flashes forward to their daughter's fifth birthday.//
flash 2 n ----------//
1 light:
2 camera:
3 in/like a flash:
4 flash of inspiration/brilliance/insight/anger etc:
5 a flash in the pan:
6 bright colour/something shiny:
7 computer:
8 look:
9 military: ----------//
1 LIGHT: [C] a bright light that shines for a short time and then stops shining// --Two flashes mean danger.// flash of//
--A flash of lightning lit up the night sky.// brilliant/blinding flash // --a brilliant flash of light//
2 CAMERA: [U and C] a special bright light used when taking photographs indoors or when there is not much light// --
Did the flash go off?//
3 in/like a flash: also quick as a flash// very quickly// --Just wait here. I'll be back in a flash.//
4 flash of inspiration/brilliance/insight/anger etc: if someone has a flash of brilliance, anger etc, they suddenly have a
clever idea or a particular feeling//
5 a flash in the pan: a sudden success that ends quickly and is unlikely to happen again// --Beene's new novel proves he
isn't just a flash in the pan.//
6 BRIGHT COLOUR/SOMETHING SHINY: [C] if there is a flash of something brightly coloured or shiny, it appears
suddenly for a short time// flash of// --The bird vanished in a flash of blue.//
7 COMPUTER: [U] trademark a system of instructions for a computer that is used especially to make pictures on a
website appear to move// --Flash animation//
8 LOOK: [C] BrE a quick look used humorously// glimpse//
9 MILITARY: [C] BrE a small piece of coloured cloth worn on the shoulder of a military uniform// newsflash//
flash 3 adj
1 flash flood/fire: a flood or fire that happens very quickly or suddenly, and continues for only a short time//
2 BrE informal looking very new, bright, and expensive - used to show disapproval: --a big flash car//
3 BrE informal liking to have expensive clothes and possessions so that other people notice you - used to show
disapproval: --Chris didn't want to seem flash in front of his mates.//

dodge /dd/
v
1 [I and T] to move quickly to avoid someone or something: --He ran across the courtyard, dodging a storm of bullets.//
dodge between/through/into etc// --Helen clutched Edward's arm as they dodged through the traffic .//
2 [T] to deliberately avoid discussing something or doing something: evade// dodge an issue/question // --Senator
O'Brian skillfully dodged the crucial question.// draft dodging (=when someone avoids an order to join the army, navy etc)
//
dodge 2 n [C] informal something dishonest that is done to avoid a rule or law// --Businesses are investing in tree
plantations as a tax dodge (=a way of avoiding paying tax) .//
dodger /ddr/
n [C] tax/draft dodger// someone who uses dishonest methods to avoid paying taxes or serving in the army, navy etc//
dodgy /ddi/
adj BrE informal
1 not working properly or not in good condition: --Norton Disk Doctor can perform miracles on a dodgy hard disk.// --
Simon was rushed to hospital after eating what must have been dodgy prawns.//
2 seeming to be false, dishonest, or not to be trusted: --One girl thought the men looked dodgy.// --dodgy share dealings//
3 involving risk or danger: --There were a few dodgy moments.//


pale /pel/
W3 adj
1 having a skin colour that is very white, or whiter than it usually is: --He looked very pale and drawn.// turn/go pale // -
-He suddenly went pale.// --Sharon went deathly pale and looked as if she might faint.// --an elderly, pale-faced woman//
2 a pale colour has more white in it than usual: deep// light// --pale blue curtains//
3 pale light is not bright: --the pale gray dawn//
4 pale imitation (of sth): something that is similar to, but not as good as, something else// --The cheese is a pale
imitation of real Parmesan.//
pale 2 v [I]
1 literary if your face pales, it becomes whiter than usual because you have had a shock: --Kent's face paled when he saw
that Rob had a knife.//
2 pale into insignificance: to seem much less important when compared to something bigger, worse, more serious etc// -
-The amounts of money involved pale into insignificance when compared with the sums spent each year on research.//
3 pale in/by comparison: to seem small or unimportant compared to something else// pale in/by comparison to/with// --
Today's economic problems pale in comparison with those of the 1930s.//
pale 3 n
beyond the pale// offensive or unacceptable// --His opinions are entirely beyond the pale.//

locust /lokst/
n [C] an insect that lives mainly in Asia and Africa and flies in a very large group, eating and destroying crops// --a
swarm of locusts//


confound /knfand/
v [T]
1 to confuse and surprise people by being unexpected: --His amazing recovery confounded the medical specialists.//
2 to prove someone or something wrong: confound the critics/pundits/experts etc // --United's new striker confounded
the critics with his third goal in as many games.//
3 formal to defeat an enemy, plan etc:
4 formal if a problem etc confounds you, you cannot understand it or solve it: --Her question completely confounded
me.//
5 confound it/him/them etc: old-fashioned used to show that you are annoyed with someone or something//
confounded knfandd
adj [only before noun] old-fashioned used to show that you are annoyed// --That confounded dog has run away again!//

organic /rgnk/
adj ----------//
1 farming:
2 development:
3 living things:
4 part of something:
5 body organs: ----------//
1 FARMING: relating to farming or gardening methods of growing food without using artificial chemicals, or produced
or grown by these methods// -- Organic farming is better for the environment.// --organic gardening// organic
food/vegetables/milk etc // --The shop sells organic food.// --organic wine//
2 DEVELOPMENT: change or development which is organic happens in a natural way, without anyone planning it or
forcing it to happen// --The company's path to success was by means of organic growth.//
3 LIVING THINGS: living, or produced by or from living things// inorganic// --Adding organic matter such as
manure can improve the soil.// --Bacteria act on organic waste .//
4 PART OF SOMETHING: a) an organic system or relationship is one in which the parts or people fit well and in a
comfortable way with each other// --an organic relationship between the individual and his community// --They believe in
the organic unity of the universe.//
5 BODY ORGANS: relating to the organs of the body// --organic diseases// -- organically/-kli/ adv // --organically
produced cheese// --A writer's style must develop organically.//
organism /rgnzm/
S3 n [C]
1 an animal, plant, human, or any other living thing: --All living organisms have to adapt to changes in environmental
conditions.// --Genes operate together in determining the characteristics of an individual organism .//
2 a system made up of parts that are dependent on each other: --A society is essentially an organism.//

surreal /sril/
adj also surrealistic literary // a situation or experience that is surreal is very strange and difficult to understand, like
something from a dream// --The house was a surreal mixture of opulence and decay.//
surrealism
n [U] // 20th century art or literature in which the artist or writer connects unrelated images and objects in a strange way//
-- surrealist adj // --a surrealist painting// -- surrealist n [C] //
surrealistic adj /srilstk/
1 seeming very strange because of a combination of many unusual, unrelated events, images etc:
2 relating to surrealism: -- surrealistically/-kli/ adv //


nuts /nts/ slang
adj [not before noun] informal
1 crazy: --Are you nuts?// --I'm going to go nuts (=become crazy) if I don't find a new job soon.// --Turn that radio off.
It's driving me nuts (=annoying me very much) .//
2 go nuts: spoken // a) to become very excited because something good has just happened// --The crowd went nuts
after the third touchdown.// b) to become very angry about something// --Mom's going to go nuts if you don't clean this
mess up.//
3 be nuts about/over sb/sth: to like someone or something very much// --My wife is nuts about kids.//
nuts 2 interjection AmE old-fashioned
1 used to emphasize that something bad or annoying has happened: --Nuts! Now we're going to be late for the movie.//
2 nuts to sb/sth: used when you are angrily refusing to listen to someone or do something// --'Nuts to that,' he sneered,
and left.//

sight /sat/
n ----------//
1 ability to see:
2 act of seeing:
3 thing you see:
4 in/within sight:
5 within/in sight of something:
6 in your sights:
7 out of sight:
8 out of sight, out of mind:
9 disappear/vanish from sight:
10 come into sight:
11 on sight:
12 not let somebody out of your sight:
13 be sick of/can't stand/hate the sight of somebody/something:
14 a sight for sore eyes:
15 a (damn/darned/darn) sight more/better etc:
16 be a sight:
17 sight unseen:
18 be a (beautiful, strange, frightening etc) sight to behold:
19 gun: ----------// [Language: Old English; Origin: gesiht]//
1 ABILITY TO SEE: [U] the physical ability to see// vision// --Anne's sight is very good for someone of her age.// --
He began to lose his sight six years ago.// --an emergency operation to save his sight// --You will get a free sight test if
you are under 16.//
2 ACT OF SEEING: [singular, U] the act of seeing something// sight of// --Just the sight of him made her go all weak.//
at the sight of sth// --Marcie will faint at the sight of blood.// --The house is hidden from sight behind trees.//
3 THING YOU SEE: [C] // a) something you can see// familiar/common/rare etc sight // --Street dentists are a
common sight in Pakistan.// --As he reached the front door he saw a strange sight.// --the sights and sounds of the forest//
not a pretty sight at pretty2 (3)// sorry sight at sorry(8)// b) the sights [plural] famous or interesting places that tourists
visit// --In the afternoon, you'll have a chance to relax or see the sights .// the sights of// --So, Maria's showing you the
sights of Copenhagen, is she?// sightseeing//
4 in/within sight: a) inside the area that you can see// --I glanced around me quickly. There was no one in sight. // --
They burned every house in sight .// --The boys get home and eat everything in sight .// --Since my hotel was within sight,
I told him he could go.// b) likely to happen soon// --Six months from the start of the strike, there is still no end in sight .//
--Peace is now in sight.//
5 within/in sight of sth: a) in the area where you can see something// --We camped within sight of the lake.// --At last
they came in sight of the city.// b) in a position where you will soon be able to get something or achieve something// --
Dan was now within sight of the championship.//
6 in your sights: if you have someone or something in your sights, you intend to achieve it or get it for yourself or to
attack them// have sb/sth in your sights // --Rogers had victory firmly in his sights.//
7 out of sight: outside the area that you can see// --Karen waved until the car was out of sight.//
8 out of sight, out of mind: used to say that people soon stop thinking about other people if they do not see them for a
while//
9 disappear/vanish from sight: to disappear// --'Will she be all right?' asked Jen as the car disappeared from sight.//
10 come into sight: to appear// --when the ship at last came into sight//
11 on sight: as soon as you see someone// --The army has been ordered to shoot rebel soldiers on sight .// --Jo disliked
him on sight.//
12 not let sb out of your sight: to make sure that someone stays near you// --Since the accident, Donna hasn't let the
children out of her sight.//
13 be sick of/can't stand/hate the sight of sb/sth: to dislike someone or something very much// --Alan and Sam can't
stand the sight of each other.// --Everybody hates the sight of you.//
14 a sight for sore eyes: spoken // a) someone or something that you feel very happy to see// b) BrE someone or
something that is very unattractive or very funny to look at//
15 a (damn/darned/darn) sight more/better etc: informal a lot more, a lot better etc// --I know the place a damn sight
better than you do.// --You're all going to have to work a darned sight harder.// --The old lady is a sight cleverer than
Sarah.//
16 be a sight: also look a sight // to look very funny or stupid, or very untidy or unpleasant// --We'd had an all-night
party, and the place looked a bit of a sight.//
17 sight unseen: if you buy or choose something sight unseen, you do it without looking at the thing first// --I can't
believe you would rent a place sight unseen.//
18 be a (beautiful, strange, frightening etc) sight to behold: formal used to emphasize that something or someone looks
very unusual, for example because they are very beautiful, strange, or frightening// --His garden was a sight to behold.// --
His face was not a pleasant sight to behold.// barrel, sight, trigger//
19 GUN: [C usually plural] the part of a gun or other weapon that guides your eye when you are aiming at something//
at first sight at first1 (6), know sb by sight at know1 (3), lose sight of sth at lose(1), set your mind/sights/heart on (doing)
sth at set1 (13)//
sight 2 v [T] to see something from a long distance away, or see something you have been looking for// --The sailors
gave a shout of joy when they sighted land .// --Several rare birds have been sighted in the area.//
sighted /satd/
adj someone who is sighted can see, and is not blind// --Blind and sighted children are taught in the same classroom.// --
her partially sighted (=having limited ability to see) father// clear-sighted, far-sighted, long-sighted, short-sighted//


tamper /tmpr/
v tamper with [tamper with sth] phr v// to touch something or make changes to it without permission,
especially in order to deliberately damage it// --He noticed that the instruments had been tampered with.// --I don't see the
point in tampering with a system that's worked fine so far.//

molecule /mlkyul/
n [C] the smallest unit into which any substance can be divided without losing its own chemical nature, usually
consisting of two or more atoms// --The molecules of oxygen gas contain just two atoms.// -- molecular adj
/mlkylr/ // --molecular structure//

silhouette /slut/
n
1 [U and C] a dark image, shadow, or shape that you see against a light background: silhouette of// --a dark silhouette of
domes and minarets// silhouette against// --Soon the bombers would return, black silhouettes against a pale sky.// in
silhouette// --The old windmill stood out in silhouette.// 2 [U and C] a drawing of something or someone, often from the
side, showing a black shape against a light background// --silhouette pictures of snowmen and reindeer// in silhouette// --
a picture of Mozart in silhouette//
3 [C] the particular shape certain clothes give you: --Fitted clothes often give the neatest silhouettes.// -- silhouetted
adj // --tall chimney stacks silhouetted against the orange flames//


frantic /frntk/
adj
1 extremely worried and frightened about a situation, so that you cannot control your feelings: get/become frantic // --
There was still no news of Jill, and her parents were getting frantic.// frantic with// --Your mother's been frantic with
worry wondering where you've been.//
2 extremely hurried and using a lot of energy, but not very organized: hectic// --I spent three frantic days trying to get
everything ready.// frantic effort/attempt // --Despite our frantic efforts, we were unable to save the boy's life.// frantic
pace/rush/haste etc // --There was a frantic rush to escape from the building.// --a day of frantic activity // --a frantic
search for her father// -- frantically/-kli/ adv // --He frantically searched for the key.//

corner /krnr/
n ----------//
1 where two lines/edges meet:
2 road:
3 corner of a room/box:
4 mouth/eye:
5 difficult situation:
6 sports:
7 distant place:
8 see something out of the corner of your eye:
9 (just) around/round the corner:
10 turn the corner:
11 fight your corner/fight somebody's corner:
12 cut corners:
13 cut a corner:
14 have/get a corner on something: ----------// [Date: 1200-1300; Language: Old French; Origin: cornere, from corne
'horn, corner', from Latin cornu 'horn, point']//
1 WHERE TWO LINES/EDGES MEET: [C] the point at which two lines or edges meet// --He pulled a dirty
handkerchief out by its corner and waved it at me.// corner of// --Their initials were sewn on the corner of every pillow.//
in the corner (of sth)// --The TV station's name appears in the corner of the screen.// on the corner (of sth)// --Jessie sat on
the corner of her bed.// three-cornered/four-cornered etc // --a three-cornered hat//
2 ROAD: [C usually singular] // a) the point where two roads meet// corner of// --Ruth walked with her as far as the
corner of the road.// on the corner// --The hotel is on the corner of 5th and Maine.// at the corner// --Several women were
standing at the corner, talking to two police officers.// --kids hanging around on street corners // b) a point in a road where
it turns sharply// --He had tried to take the corner too quickly, and had lost control of the car.// --The petrol station is
around the corner .//
3 CORNER OF A ROOM/BOX: [C usually singular] the place inside a room or box where two walls or sides meet// in
the corner (of sth)// --There was an old piano in the corner of the living room.// corner table/seat // --I reserved a corner
table in my favourite restaurant.//
4 MOUTH/EYE: [C] the sides of your mouth or eyes// --A tear appeared in the corner of his eye.//
5 DIFFICULT SITUATION: [singular] a difficult situation that you cannot easily escape from// back/box/force/push sb
into a corner (=put someone into a situation where they do not have any choices about what to do) // --Don't let your
enemies back you into a corner.// --The writers have painted themselves into a corner by killing off all the most popular
characters in the first series.// --He found himself in a tight corner (=a very difficult situation) looking for a way to get
out.//
6 SPORTS: [C] // a) a kick that one team is allowed to take from one of the corners of their opponent's end of the field//
b) any of the four corners of the area in which the competitors fight in boxing or wrestling, especially one of the two
corners where the competitors go in between rounds//
7 DISTANT PLACE: [C] a distant place in another part of the world// corner of// --She's gone off to work in some
remote corner of the world.// --People came from the four corners of the world (=from lots of different places) to make
America their new home.//
8 see sth out of the corner of your eye: to notice something accidentally, without turning your head towards it or looking
for it// --Out of the corner of her eye she saw the dog running towards her.//
9 (just) around/round the corner: a) near// --There's a bus stop just around the corner.// b) likely to happen soon// --
Economic recovery is just around the corner.//
10 turn the corner: to start to become successful or to feel better or happier, after a time when you have been
unsuccessful, ill, or unhappy// --We knew Dad had turned the corner when he started complaining about the hospital
food.//
11 fight your corner/fight sb's corner: BrE to try very hard to defend yourself in a discussion or argument, or to do this
for someone else// --My line manager supports me, and says she's willing to fight my corner.//
12 cut corners: to save time, money, or energy by doing things quickly and not as carefully as you should// --Don't try to
cut corners when you're decorating.//
13 cut a corner: to go across the corner of something, especially a road, instead of staying next to the edges//
14 have/get a corner on sth: to be the only company, organization etc that has a particular product, ability, advantage
etc// --London does not have a corner on film festivals.// --The company admitted reducing prices to get a corner on the
market .// kitty-corner//
corner 2 v
1 [T] to force a person or animal into a position from which they cannot easily escape: --Once the dog was cornered, he
began to growl.//
2 [T] to go to someone who is trying to avoid you, and make them listen to you: --Later, he cornered Jenny on the stairs
and asked her what was wrong.//
3 corner the market: to gain control of the whole supply of a particular kind of goods// --They've been trying to corner
the market by buying up all the wheat in sight.//
4 [I] if a car corners, it goes around a corner or bend in the road:

root /rut, rt/
W2S3 n [C] ----------//
1 plant:
2 cause of a problem:
3 origin/main part:
4 family connection:
5 put down roots:
6 tooth/hair etc:
7 take root:
8 have a (good) root round:
9 language:
10 mathematics:
11 root and branch: ----------//
1 PLANT: the part of a plant or tree that grows under the ground and gets water from the soil// --tree roots// --These
plants produce a number of thin roots.//
2 CAUSE OF A PROBLEM: the main cause of a problem// be/lie at the root of sth (=be the cause of something) // --
Allergies are at the root of a lot of health problems.// --The love of money is the root of all evil .// --A competent
mechanic should be able to get to the root of the problem (=find out the cause of a problem) .// --the root causes of crime//
3 ORIGIN/MAIN PART: the origin or main part of something such as a custom, law, activity etc, from which other
things have developed// root in// --a legal system with roots in English common law// --Jazz has its roots in the folk songs
of the southern states of the US.// be/lie at the root of sth // --the liberal economic policies which lie at the root of
American power//
4 FAMILY CONNECTION: sb's roots// your relation to a place because you were born there, or your family used to
live there// --immigrants keeping in touch with their cultural roots// --Alex Haley's story about his search for his roots
became a bestseller.//
5 put down roots: if you put down roots somewhere, you start to feel that a place is your home and to have relationships
with the people there// --Because of her husband's job, they'd moved too often to put down roots anywhere.//
6 TOOTH/HAIR ETC: the part of a tooth, hair etc that connects it to the rest of your body// --She'd pulled some of
Kelly's hair out by the roots.//
7 take root: a) if an idea, method, activity etc takes root, people begin to accept or believe it, or it begins to have an
effect// --Economists believe that economic recovery will begin to take root next year.// b) if a plant takes root, it starts to
grow where you have planted it//
8 have a (good) root round: BrE informal to search for something by moving other things around//
9 LANGUAGE: technical the basic part of a word which shows its main meaning, to which other parts can be added.
For example, the word 'coldness' is formed from the root 'cold' and the suffix 'ness'// stem//
10 MATHEMATICS: technical a number that, when multiplied by itself a certain number of times, equals the number
that you have// --2 is the fourth root of 16.//
11 root and branch: if you destroy or change something root and branch, you get rid of it or change it completely and
permanently because it is bad// --a root and branch reform of the electoral system// cube root, square root, grass roots//
root 2 v ----------//
1 plant:
2 be rooted in something:
3 search:
4 pigs:
5 rooted to the spot/floor/ground etc: Phrasal verbs// root for somebody// root something out// root something
up// ----------// [Sense: 1-2, 4-5; Date: 1200-1300; Origin: ROOT1]// [Sense: 3; Date: 1800-1900; Origin: Old English
wrotan. root for Perhaps from rout (of cattle) 'to make a loud sound' (14-19 centuries), from Old Norse rauta]//
1 PLANT: a) [I] to grow roots// --New shrubs will root easily in summer.// b) [T usually passive] if a plant is rooted
somewhere, it is held in the ground firmly by its roots// --a bush firmly rooted in the hard ground// root itself// --Clumps
of thyme had rooted themselves between the rocks.//
2 be rooted in sth: to have developed from something and be strongly influenced by it// --The country's economic
troubles are rooted in a string of global crises.// --This feeling of rejection is often deeply rooted in childhood.//
3 SEARCH: [I always + adverb/preposition] to search for something by moving things around// rummage// root
through/in/amongst sth (for sth)// --Leila rooted through her handbag for a pen.//
4 PIGS: [I usually + adverb/preposition] if a pig roots somewhere, it looks for food under the ground// root for// --pigs
rooting for truffles//
5 rooted to the spot/floor/ground etc: so shocked, surprised, or frightened that you cannot move// --She stood rooted to
the spot, staring at him.//
root for [root for sb] phr v//
1 to want someone to succeed in a competition, test, or difficult situation: --You can do it - I'm rooting for you.//
2 especially AmE to support a sports team or player by shouting and cheering: --the Los Angeles fans rooting for the
Lakers// root out [root sth out] phr v//
1 to find out where a particular kind of problem exists and get rid of it: --Action is being taken to root out corruption in
the police force.//
2 to find something by searching for it: --I'll try and root out something for you to wear.//
root up [root sth up] phr v// to dig or pull a plant up with its roots//

bound 2 W3S2 adj /band/ [no comparative] ----------//
1 likely:
2 law/agreement:
3 duty:
4 travelling towards:
5 relationship:
6 be bound up in something:
7 be bound up with something:
8 snow-bound/strike-bound/tradition-bound etc:
9 :
10 I'll be bound:
11 bound and determined: ----------// [Sense: 1-3, 5-11; Date: 1300-1400; Origin: From the past participle of BIND1]//
[Sense: 4; Date: 1500-1600; Language: Old Norse; Origin: buinn, past participle of bua 'to live in a place, prepare';
probably influenced by the past participle bound]//
1 LIKELY: be bound to// to be very likely to do or feel a particular thing// --Don't lie to her. She's bound to find out
about it.// it is bound to be (=used to say that something should have been expected) // --'It's hot!' 'Well, it was bound to
be, I just took it out of the oven.'// --When you are dealing with so many patients, mistakes are bound to happen .//
2 LAW/AGREEMENT: be bound (by sth)// to be forced to do what a law or agreement says you must do// bound (by
sth) to do sth // --The Foundation is bound by the treaty to help any nation that requests aid.// --You are legally bound to
report the accident.//
3 DUTY: be/feel bound to do sth// to feel that you ought to do something, because it is morally right or your duty to do
it// --Ian felt bound to tell Joanna the truth.// --Well I'm bound to say (=I feel I ought to say) , I think you're taking a huge
risk.// be duty bound/honour bound to do sth // --A son is duty bound to look after his mother.//
4 TRAVELLING TOWARDS: bound for London/Mexico etc// also London-bound/Mexico-bound etc // travelling
towards a particular place or in a particular direction// --a plane bound for Somalia// --We tried to get seats on a Rome-
bound flight.// -- homeward-bound (=travelling towards home) commuters//
northbound/southbound/eastbound/westbound // --All eastbound trains have been cancelled due to faulty signals.//
5 RELATIONSHIP: be bound (together) by sth// if two people or groups are bound together by something, they share a
particular experience or situation which causes them to have a relationship// unite// --The two nations were bound
together by a common history.//
6 be bound up in sth: to be very involved in something, so that you cannot think about anything else// --He was too
bound up in his own problems to listen to any of mine.//
7 be bound up with sth: to be very closely connected with a particular problem or situation// --Mark's problems are all
bound up with his mother's death when he was ten.// --The people of Transkei began to realize that their future was
inseparably bound up with that of South Africa.//
8 snow-bound/strike-bound/tradition-bound etc: controlled or limited by something, so that you cannot do what you
want or what other people want you to// --a fog-bound airport// --people who are wheelchair-bound // --a desk-bound
sergeant (=having to work in an office, instead of doing a more active job) //
9 a bound book is covered on the outside with paper, leather etc: bind// bound in// --a Bible bound in Moroccan
leather// --a leather-bound volume of Shakespeare's plays//
10 I'll be bound: old-fashioned used when you are very sure that what you have just said is true// --He had good reasons
for doing that, I'll be bound.//
11 bound and determined: AmE very determined to do or achieve something, especially something difficult// --Klein is
bound and determined to win at least five races this year.//
bound 3 v
1 [I always + adverb/preposition] to run with a lot of energy, because you are happy, excited, or frightened: bound
up/towards/across etc// --Suddenly a huge dog came bounding towards me.//
2 be bounded by sth: if a country or area of land is bounded by something such as a wall, river etc, it has the wall etc at
its edge// --a yard bounded by a wooden fence// --The US is bounded in the north by Canada and in the south by Mexico.//
bound 4 n
1 bounds [plural] : a) the limits of what is possible or acceptable// within the bounds of sth// --We are here to make sure
that the police operate within the bounds of the law.// be/go beyond the bounds of credibility/reason/decency etc // --The
humor in the movie sometimes goes beyond the bounds of good taste.// be within/beyond the bounds of possibility (=be
possible/not possible) // --It was not beyond the bounds of possibility that they could meet again.// b) old-fashioned the
edges of a town, city etc//
2 out of bounds: if a place is out of bounds, you are not allowed to go there// American Equivalent: off-limits// out of
bounds to/for// --The path by the railway line is officially out of bounds to both cyclists and walkers.//
3 by leaps and bounds/in leaps and bounds: BrE if someone or something increases, develops etc by leaps and bounds,
they increase etc very quickly// --Julie's reading is improving in leaps and bounds.//
4 know no bounds: formal if someone's honesty, kindness etc knows no bounds, they are extremely honest etc//
5 in bounds/out of bounds: inside or outside the legal playing area in a sport such as American football or basketball//
6 [C] a long or high jump made with a lot of energy:

artery /rtri/
n plural arteries [C] // artery, brain, fatty, tissue, heart, kidney, intestine, intestine2, small, large, liver, lung, muscles,
stomach, vein, throat//
1 one of the tubes that carries blood from your heart to the rest of your body: vein (1)//
2 a main road, railway line, river etc:
arterial adj
1 involving the arteries: --arterial blood//
2 [only before noun] an arterial road is one of the main roads in a city, country etc:


lift v /lft/
1 move something upwards:
2 part of the body:
3 controls/laws:
4 by plane:
5 not lift a finger (to do something):
6 lift somebody's spirits:
7 clouds/mist:
8 sad feelings:
9 use somebody's ideas/words:
10 steal:
11 voice:
12 increase:
13 vegetables: Phrasal verbs// lift off// ----------//
1 MOVE SOMETHING UPWARDS: also lift up // [T] to move something or someone upwards into the air// --Sophie
lifted the phone before the second ring.// --He lifted the lid on the pot of soup.// --The lumber was lifted by crane and
dropped into the truck.// lift sb/sth onto/into/out of etc sth// --They lifted Andrew onto the bed.// lift sb from sth// --The
driver was lifted from the wreck.//
2 PART OF THE BODY: also lift up // [I and T] to move part of your body up to a higher position// raise// lift your
hand/arm/leg etc // --She lifted her hand to knock on the door once again.// --Pam lifted her shoulders in a little shrug.//
lift your head/eyes (=move your head or eyes up so that you can look at something) // --She lifted her head to gaze at
him.// --He heard a scream and the hairs on the back of his neck began to lift.//
3 CONTROLS/LAWS: [T] to remove a rule or a law that says that something is not allowed// lift a restriction/an
embargo/sanctions etc // --The government plans to lift its ban on cigar imports.//
4 BY PLANE: [T always + adverb/preposition] to take people or things to or from a place by aircraft// --More troops are
being lifted into the area as the fighting spreads.//
5 not lift a finger (to do sth): informal to do nothing to help// --He never lifted a finger to help me with the kids.//
6 lift sb's spirits: to make someone feel more cheerful and hopeful//
7 CLOUDS/MIST: [I] if cloud or mist lifts, it disappears//
8 SAD FEELINGS: [I] if feelings of sadness lift, they disappear// --Jan's depression seemed to be lifting at last.//
9 USE SOMEBODY'S IDEAS/WORDS: [T] to take words, ideas etc from someone else's work and use them in your
work, without stating where they came from and as if they were your own words etc// lift sth from sb/sth// --The words
were lifted from an article in a medical journal.//
10 STEAL: [T] informal to steal something// lift sth from sb/sth// --They had lifted dozens of CDs from the store.//
11 VOICE: also lift up // [T] literary if you lift your voice, you speak, shout, or sing more loudly// raise//
12 INCREASE: [T] to make prices, profit etc increase// --The U.S. may use tax cuts to lift the economy.//
13 VEGETABLES: [T] to dig up vegetables that grow under the ground// --She was lifting potatoes.// lift off phr v// if
an aircraft or spacecraft lifts off, it leaves the ground and rises into the air//
lift 2 W3S3 n ----------//
1 in a building:
2 in a car:
3 give somebody/something a lift:
4 lifting movement:
5 wind/aircraft: ----------//
1 IN A BUILDING: [C] BrE a machine that you can ride in, that moves up and down between the floors in a tall
building// American Equivalent: elevator// --They took the lift down to the bar.// --It's on the 3rd floor. Let's use the lift
.//
2 IN A CAR: [C] if you give someone a lift, you take them somewhere in your car// ride// --Do you want a lift into
town?// --John gave me a lift home.// --He very kindly offered me a lift .//
3 give sb/sth a lift: a) to make someone feel more cheerful and more hopeful// --The new park has given everyone in the
neighbourhood a lift.// b) to make something such as a business, the economy etc operate better// --The Bank of England's
announcement gave the stock market a lift today.//
4 LIFTING MOVEMENT: [U and C] a movement in which something is lifted or raised up// --She does sit-ups and leg
lifts every morning.//
5 WIND/AIRCRAFT: [U] the pressure of air that keeps something such as an aircraft up in the air or lifts it higher//
chairlift, ski lift//

bare /br/
adj ----------//
1 without clothes:
2 land/trees:
3 not covered/empty:
4 the bare facts:
5 smallest amount necessary:
6 the bare bones:
7 lay something bare:
8 with your bare hands:
9 bare infinitive: ----------// [Language: Old English; Origin: b[zB024]r]//
1 WITHOUT CLOTHES: not covered by clothes// naked// --a ragged child with bare feet// --She felt the sun warm on
her bare arms.// bare-headed/bare-chested/bare-legged etc //
2 LAND/TREES: not covered by trees or grass, or not having any leaves// --The trees soon gave way to bare rock.//
3 NOT COVERED/EMPTY: empty, not covered by anything, or not having any decorations// --She looked round her
tiny bare room.// --a bare wood staircase//
4 the bare facts: a statement that tells someone only what they need to know, with no additional details// --The
newspaper had simply published the bare facts.//
5 SMALLEST AMOUNT NECESSARY: [only before noun] the very least amount of something that you need to do
something// --He got 40% - a bare pass.// --The room had the bare minimum (=the smallest amount possible) of
furniture.// the bare essentials/necessities // --Her bag was light, packed with only the bare essentials.// --If you ask her
about herself, she gives only the barest (=the smallest amount possible) of details.//
6 the bare bones: the most important parts or facts of something without any detail// --We have outlined only the bare
bones of the method.//
7 lay sth bare: a) to uncover something that was previously hidden// --When the river is low, vast stretches of sand are
laid bare.// b) to make known something that was secret// --historical writing which seeks to lay bare the true nature of an
event//
8 with your bare hands: without using a weapon or a tool// --He had killed a man with his bare hands .//
9 bare infinitive: technical the basic form of a verb, for example 'go' or 'eat'// -- bareness n [U] //
bare 2 v [T]
1 to remove something that was covering or hiding something: --The dog bared its teeth .// --He bared his back to the hot
sun.//
2 bare your soul: to reveal your most secret feelings//

insubordination
n [U] formal when someone refuses to obey a person who has more authority than them// disobedience// --Howell was
fired for gross insubordination .// -- insubordinate adj /nsbrdnt /

chant v /tnt, tnt/
1 to repeat a word or phrase again and again: --protestors chanting anti-government slogans//
2 to sing or say a religious song or prayer in a way that involves using only one note or tone: --a priest chanting the
liturgy//
chant 2 n [C]
1 words or phrases that are repeated again and again by a group of people: --Others in the crowd took up the chant
(=began chanting) .// chant of// --chants of 'oh no, we won't go'//
2 a regularly repeated tune, often with many words sung on one note, especially used for religious prayers: -- chanter n
[C] //


///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
impale /mpel/
v [T often passive] // if someone or something is impaled, a sharp pointed object goes through them// be impaled on sth//
--Their heads were impaled on Charles Bridge as a warning to others.// -- impalement n [U and C] //

mantra /mntr ; mntr /
n [C]
1 a word or sound that is repeated as a prayer or to help people meditate: recite/repeat a mantra // --He closed his eyes
and began to recite a Buddhist mantra.//
2 a word or phrase representing a rule or principle which someone often uses, but which other people often find annoying
or boring: --The Treasury Secretary has stuck to his mantra that 'a strong dollar is in America's interest'.//
3 a piece of holy writing in the Hindu religion:
mantra-like tone

advantage /dvntd /
n //
1 [U and C] something that helps you to be more successful than others, or the state of having this: disadvantage//
advantage over// --Her experience meant that she had a big advantage over her opponent.// --His height gives him an
advantage over the other players.// --Companies that receive government subsidies have an unfair advantage .// --Western
countries enjoyed considerable advantages in terms of technology.// --Younger workers tend to be at an advantage
when applying for jobs.// --It might be to your advantage to take a computer course of some kind.//
2 [U and C] a good or useful quality or condition that something has: advantage of// --One of the many advantages of
living in New York is that you can eat out at almost any time of day.// --The hotel is not very modern, but it does have the
advantage of being close to the city centre.// advantage over// --The printer has several advantages over conventional
printers.// big/great/considerable advantage // --The big advantage of this system is that it is fast.//
3 take advantage of sb: to treat someone unfairly in order to get what you want, especially someone who is generous or
easily persuaded// --Don't lend them the car - they're taking advantage of you!//
4 take advantage of sth (to do sth): to use a particular situation to do or get what you want// --I took advantage of the
good weather to paint the shed.// --You'll want to take full advantage of the beachfront clubs.//
5 use/turn sth to your/good advantage: to use something that you have or that happens in order to achieve something// --
How could he turn the situation to his advantage?// --Burns used his family connections to good advantage.//
6 show sth to (good/great) advantage: to make the best features of someone or something very noticeable// --Her dress
showed her tanned skin to great advantage.//
7 advantage sb: used in tennis to show that the person named has won the next point after the score was 40-40// ----------
// COLLOCATES for sense 1 // have an advantage // give somebody an advantage // big/great/major/distinct advantage
// unfair advantage // enjoy an advantage (=have an advantage) // be at an advantage (=have an advantage) // be to your
advantage/work to your advantage (=something gives you an advantage) // ----------//
advantaged /dvntdd/
adj formal having more money, a higher social position etc than someone else// disadvantaged// --Some of the boys
come from less advantaged backgrounds.// socially/geographically/economically etc advantaged //
advantageous /dvnteds/
adj helpful and likely to make you successful// disadvantageous// --He was now in a more advantageous position.//
advantageous to// --terms advantageous to foreign companies// -- advantageously adv //





smash /sm/
v calculator, hammer//
1 [I and T] to break into pieces violently or noisily, or to make something do this by dropping, throwing, or hitting it: --
Vandals had smashed all the windows.// --Firemen had to smash the lock to get in.// --Several cups fell to the floor and
smashed to pieces .//
2 [I,T always + adverb/preposition] to hit an object or surface violently, or to make something do this: --A stolen car
smashed into the bus.// --He smashed his fist down on the table.//
3 smash a record: to do something much faster, better etc than anyone has done before// --The film smashed all box
office records.//
4 [T] to destroy something such as a political system or criminal organization: --Police say they have smashed a major
crime ring.//
5 [T] to hit a high ball with a strong downward action, in tennis or similar games: smash down [smash sth down] phr
v// to hit a door, wall etc violently so that it falls to the ground// smash in [smash sth in] phr v// to hit something so
violently that you break it and make a hole in it// --The door had been smashed in.// smash sb's face/head in (=hit someone
hard in the face or head) // --I'll smash his head in if he comes here again!// smash up [smash sth up] phr v// to
deliberately destroy something by hitting it// --Hooligans started smashing the place up.//
smash 2 n
1 [C] BrE a serious road or railway accident - used especially in newspapers: crash// --Young boy hurt in car smash.//
2 [C] also smash hit : a new film, song etc which is very successful// --a box-office smash (=a film which many people
go to see at the cinema) //
3 [C] a hard downward shot in tennis or similar games:
4 [singular] the loud sound of something breaking: smash of// --He heard the smash of glass.//

icicle /askl/
n [C] // a long thin pointed piece of ice hanging from a roof or other surface//
icily /asli/
adv if you say something icily, or look at someone icily, you do it in an angry or very unfriendly way// --'I want you to
leave now,' she said icily.//


form /frm/
n ----------//
1 type:
2 way something is/appears:
3 shape:
4 document:
5 art/literature:
6 performance:
7 school:
8 grammar:
9 criminal record:
10 bad form:
11 form of words:
12 be in good/fine/great etc form:
13 take form: ----------// [Date: 1200-1300; Language: Old French; Origin: forme, from Latin forma, perhaps from
Greek morphe 'form, shape']//
1 TYPE: [C] a particular type of something that exists in many different varieties// form of// --a severe form of cancer//
--The bicycle is an environment-friendly form of transport.// --the art forms of the twentieth century//
2 WAY SOMETHING IS/APPEARS: [C] the way something is or appears to be// --We oppose racism in all its forms.//
in the form of sth// --People are bombarded with information in the form of TV advertising.// --Vitamin C can be taken in
capsule or tablet form .// --A typical training programme takes the form of a series of workshops.//
3 SHAPE: [C] a shape// form of// --the shadowy forms of the divers swimming below the boat// in the form of sth// --
The main staircase was in the form of a big 'S'.// --The female form is a thing of beauty.//
4 DOCUMENT: [C] an official document with spaces where you write information, especially about yourself// --
Application forms are available from the college.// --Just complete the entry form (=write the answers to the questions on
a form) and return it.// fill in/out a form (=write the answers to the questions on a form) // --Fill in the form and send it
back with your cheque.//
5 ART/LITERATURE: [U] the structure of a work of art or piece of writing, rather than the ideas it expresses, events it
describes etc// --the distinction between form and content//
6 PERFORMANCE: [U] how well a sports person, team, musician etc is performing, or has performed recently// --I
have been greatly encouraged by the team's recent form.// on present/current/past etc form // --On current form he's one of
the top three players in the country.// in good/fine/great form // --He's been in good form all this season.// --He had no
qualms about dropping players he thought were off form (=not performing well) .//
7 SCHOOL: [C] BrE a class in a school// first/second/sixth etc form // --examinations taken in the fourth form// form
teacher//
8 GRAMMAR: [C] a way of writing or saying a word that shows its number, tense etc. For example, 'was' is a past form
of the verb 'to be'.//
9 CRIMINAL RECORD: [U] BrE informal if someone has form, they are known to the police because they have
committed crimes in the past//
10 bad form: old-fashioned behaviour that is considered to be socially unacceptable// bad manners// --It used to be
considered bad form to talk about money.//
11 form of words: a way of expressing something official// wording// --The precise form of words has been agreed by
the 12 heads of government.//
12 be in good/fine/great etc form: also be on good/fine/great etc form BrE to be full of confidence and energy, so that
you do something well or talk in an interesting or amusing way// --Michelle was in great form at last week's conference.//
13 take form: a) to begin to exist or develop// --The womb represents the very first place in which life takes form.// b)
to start to become a particular shape// --As the men worked, I watched the ship's hull take form.// true to form at true1
(7)//
form 2 v ----------//
1 establish:
2 be part of something:
3 start to exist:
4 make/produce:
5 shape/line:
6 relationship:
7 form an opinion/impression/idea:
8 influence: ----------//
1 ESTABLISH: [T] to establish an organization, committee, government etc// --The winning party will form the
government.// --CARE was formed in 1946 and helps the poor in 38 countries.//
2 BE PART OF SOMETHING: [linking verb] to be the thing, or one of the things, that is part of something else, often
having a particular use// --Love and trust should form the basis of a marriage.// --The project forms part of a larger project
investigating the history of the cinema.// --The river formed a natural boundary between the two countries.//
3 START TO EXIST: [I,T ] to start to exist, or make something start to exist, especially as the result of a natural
process// --The rocks were formed more than 4000 million years ago.// --By midnight ice was already forming on the
roads.// --Sulphur dioxide and nitrogen oxide combine to form acid rain.//
4 MAKE/PRODUCE: [T] to make something by combining two or more parts// --In English the past tense of a verb is
usually formed by adding 'ed'.//
5 SHAPE/LINE: [I and T] to come together in a particular shape or line, or to make something have a particular shape//
make// --Film-goers began to form a line outside the cinema.// --Cut off the corners of the square to form a diamond.//
6 RELATIONSHIP: [T] to establish and develop a relationship with someone// --She seemed incapable of forming any
relationships.// --On returning to Boston, she formed a close friendship with her aunt.//
7 form an opinion/impression/idea: to use available information to develop or reach an opinion or idea// --She formed
the opinion that one of the pupils was bullying the other.//
8 INFLUENCE: [T] to have a strong influence on how someone's character develops and the type of person they
become// mould// --Events in early childhood often help to form our personalities in later life.//







flinch /flnt/
v also flinch away [I] //
1 to move your face or body away from someone or something because you are in pain, frightened, or upset: flinch at// --
She flinched at the touch of his hand.// flinch from// --The boy flinched away from him.//
2 to feel embarrassed or upset: flinch at// --Jo flinched at her sister's insensitivity.//
3 not flinch from (doing) sth: to be willing to do something even though it is difficult or unpleasant// --He never
flinched from doing his duty.// unflinching//

glow /glo/
n [singular]
1 a soft steady light: glow from// --the glow from the dying fire// glow of// --the dim glow of the lightbulb// --the warm
glow of the setting sun// --the green glow of the computer monitor//
2 the pink colour in your face or body that you have when you are healthy, have been doing exercise, or are excited: --
She had a healthy glow in her cheeks.//
3 a glow of pleasure/satisfaction/happiness etc: a strong feeling of pleasure etc// --Sophie felt a glow of pride.//
glow 2 v [I] [Language: Old English; Origin: glowan]//
1 to produce or reflect a soft steady light: shine// --The bedside lamp glowed dimly.// --The fireplace was still glowing
with the remains of last night's fire.// --The red tip of his cigarette was glowing in the dark. see usage note gleam1 //
2 if your face or body glows, it is pink or hot because you are healthy, have been doing exercise, or are feeling a strong
emotion: glow with// --She looked exceptionally well, glowing with health .//
3 glow with pride/joy/pleasure etc: to look very happy because you feel proud etc// --She gazed up at him, glowing with
happiness.//
4 if something glows with a quality or colour, it is attractive and has strong colours: glow with// --The interior of the
house glowed with colour, warmth, and life.//
glower /glar/
v [I] // to look at someone in an angry way// glare// glower at// --She glowered at him disapprovingly.// -- glower n
[C] //
glowing /glo/
adj
1 glowing report/account/description etc: a report etc that is full of praise// --I've had glowing reports from Neil about
your work.//
2 in glowing terms: using a lot of praise// --He speaks of you in glowing terms.// -- glowingly adv //

wriggle /rgl/
v //
1 [I] to twist your body from side to side with small quick movements: --Stop wriggling and let me put your T-shirt on.//
wriggle under/through/into// --He wriggled through the window.// --The dog wriggled free and ran off.//
2 [T] to move a part of your body backwards and forwards with small movements: --She took off her shoes and wriggled
her toes.// -- wriggly adj // --a wriggly worm//
wriggle out of [wriggle out of sth] phr v//
1 to avoid doing something by using clever excuses: get out of something// --Don't try to wriggle out of your
responsibilities.//
2 to take off a tight piece of clothing by twisting your body from side to side: --She wriggled out of her dress.//
wriggle 2 n [C] a movement in which you twist your body from side to side//

tentacle /tntkl/
n [C] //
1 one of the long thin parts of a sea creature such as an octopus which it uses for holding things:
2 tentacles [plural] the influence or effect that something has on other people or things - used to show disapproval: --The
company's tentacles spread from car manufacturing to railways.//
splatter /spltr/
preposition, T] // if liquid splatters somewhere, or if someone splatters it, it falls or is thrown onto a surface// spatter//
splatter sth with sth// --The room was splattered with blood.// splatter over/across// --Paint splattered all over
the carpet.//

abdomen /bdmn ; bdomn/
n [C] //
1 the part of your body between your chest and legs which contains your stomach, bowels etc:
2 the end part of an insect's body, joined to the thorax: -- abdominal adj // --acute abdominal pains//

pierce /prs/
v //
1 [T] to make a small hole in or through something, using an object with a sharp point: --Steam the corn until it can easily
be pierced with a fork.// --Rose underwent emergency surgery after a bullet pierced her lung.// pierce a hole in/through sth
// --Pierce small holes in the base of the pot with a hot needle.//
2 have your ears/nose etc pierced: to have a small hole made in your ears, nose etc so that you can wear jewellery
through the hole// --I had my belly-button pierced.// --pierced ears//
3 [I,T always + adverb/preposition] literary if sound or light pierces something, you suddenly hear or see it: --The
darkness was pierced by the beam from the lighthouse.// --A sudden scream pierced the silence.// pierce through// --The
men's lanterns pierced through the dense mist.//
4 pierce sb's heart: to make someone feel a strong emotion such as pain, sadness, or love// --Her memories sometimes
pierced her heart.//
5 [T] to force a way through something: --Leicester rarely threatened to pierce the Manchester United defence.//
piercing /prs/
adj ----------//
1 eyes/look:
2 sound:
3 wind:
4 pain:
5 emotion: ----------//
1 EYES/LOOK: literary someone with piercing eyes is looking at you and seems to know what you are thinking// --
There was mockery now in those piercing blue eyes.// --She felt foolish and unsure under his piercing gaze .// --He gave
her a piercing look .//
2 SOUND: a sound that is piercing is high, sharp, and unpleasant// --He grinned and let out a piercing whistle.// --a
piercing scream//
3 WIND: a piercing wind is very cold//
4 PAIN: causing a lot of pain// --She felt a piercing sensation in her arm.//
5 EMOTION: [only before noun] affecting your feelings very deeply in a sad way// --a piercing moment of regret// --
piercingly adv // --It was piercingly cold.// --She looked at him piercingly.//
piercing 2 n [U and C] a hole made through part of your body so that you can put jewellery there, or the process of
making these holes//


wound /wund/
the past tense and past participle of wind2//
wound 2 n [C] //
1 an injury to your body that is made by a weapon such as a knife or a bullet: --A nurse cleaned and bandaged the
wound.// --It took several months for his wounds to heal .// suffer/receive a wound // --Several of the victims suffered
severe stab wounds.// head/leg etc wound // --He was treated in hospital for head wounds.// stab/knife/gunshot wound // -
-He died of gunshot wounds.// --The doctor said it was only a flesh wound (=one that does not cut the skin very deeply) .//
--a gaping wound (=one that is wide and open) on his thigh//
2 a feeling of emotional or mental pain that you get when someone says or does something unpleasant to you: --It will
take much longer for the mental wounds to heal .//
3 open old wounds: to remind someone of unpleasant things that happened in the past// lick your wounds at lick1 (6)//
rub salt into the wound at rub1 (6)// ----------// HINT // Do not confuse with wound , the past tense and past participle of
the verb wind , which has a different pronunciation // ----------//
wound 3 v [T]
1 to injure someone with a knife, gun etc: --Gunmen killed two people and wounded six others in an attack today.// be
badly/seriously/critically etc wounded // --Five people were killed and many others were seriously wounded in the attack.//
be mortally/fatally wounded (=be wounded so badly that you die) see usage note damage2 //
2 to make someone feel unhappy or upset: --I was deeply wounded by his comments.// --He made some very wounding
remarks.//
wound up
adj [not before noun] anxious, worried, or excited// --I was too wound up to sleep.//
wounded adj
1 injured by a weapon such as a gun or knife: --a wounded soldier//
2 very upset because of something that someone has said or done: --It was only wounded pride that stopped him from
apologizing.//
3 the wounded: people who have been injured, especially in a war// --providing medical care for the wounded//

wind /wand/
n ----------//
1 air:
2 get/have wind of something:
3 breath:
4 in your stomach:
5 take the wind out of somebody's sails:
6 see which way the wind is blowing:
7 something is in the wind:
8 winds of change/freedom/public opinion etc:
9 put the wind up somebody/get the wind up:
10 music:
11 like the wind:
12 talk: ----------// [Language: Old English; Origin:]//
1 AIR: [U and C] also the wind // moving air, especially when it moves strongly or quickly in a current// windy// --
The wind blew from the northeast.// --A sudden gust of wind (=a short strong wind) blew the door shut.//
blowing/flapping/swaying etc in the wind // --branches swaying in the wind// strong/high winds // --The forecast is for
strong winds and heavy rain.// gale/hurricane force winds (=strong enough to cause a lot of damage) // --a 70-mile-an-
hour wind// --The light wind ruffled the water.// east/west/north/south wind (=coming from the east etc) // a cold/an icy/a
chill/a biting etc wind // the wind picks/gets up (=blows more strongly) // --The wind was getting up and it was becoming
cloudy.// --We'll wait till the wind drops (=blows less strongly) before we put the tent up.// --the side of the building most
exposed to prevailing winds (=the winds blowing over a particular area most of the time) // --a machine measuring wind
speed // crosswind, downwind, headwind, tailwind, trade wind, upwind//
2 get/have wind of sth: informal to hear or find out about something secret or private// --You better hope the press
doesn't get wind of this.//
3 BREATH: [U] your ability to breathe normally// get your wind (back) (=be able to breathe normally again, for
example after running) // knock the wind out of sb (=hit someone in the stomach so that they cannot breathe for a moment)
// second wind at second1 (12), windpipe//
4 IN YOUR STOMACH: [U] BrE the condition of having air or gas in your stomach or intestines, or the air or gas
itself// American Equivalent: gas// --I can't drink beer - it gives me wind.// --'What's wrong with the baby?' 'Just a little
wind.'//
5 take the wind out of sb's sails: informal to make someone lose their confidence, especially by saying or doing
something unexpected//
6 see which way the wind is blowing: to find out what the situation is before you do something or make a decision//
7 sth is in the wind: used to say that something is happening or going to happen, but the details are not clear// --If there
was a merger in the wind, I'm sure we'd hear about it.//
8 winds of change/freedom/public opinion etc: used to refer to things that have important effects, and that cannot be
stopped// --The winds of change are blowing through the entire organization.//
9 put the wind up sb/get the wind up: BrE informal if you put the wind up someone, you make them feel anxious or
frightened. If you get the wind up, you become anxious or frightened// --The threat of legal action will be enough to put
the wind up them.//
10 MUSIC: the winds/the wind section// the people in an orchestra or band who play musical instruments that you blow
through, such as a flute//
11 like the wind: if someone or something moves or runs like the wind, they move or run very quickly// --She ran like
the wind down the stairs to escape.//
12 TALK: [U] BrE informal talk that does not mean anything// break wind at break1 (31)// it's an ill wind (that
blows nobody any good) at ill1 (4)// sail close to the wind at sail1 (6), straw in the wind at straw(5)//
wind 2 v past tense and past participle wound //
1 [T always + adverb/preposition] to turn or twist something several times around something else: wind sth around/round
sth// --The hair is divided into sections and wound around heated rods.//
2 [T] also wind up : to turn part of a machine around several times, in order to make it move or start working// --Did
you remember to wind the clock?//
3 [I always + adverb/preposition] if a road, river etc winds somewhere, it has many smooth bends and is usually very
long: wind (its way) through/along etc sth// --Highway 99 winds its way along the coast.// --a winding path//
4 [T] to make a tape move in a machine: wind sth forward/back// --Can you wind the video back a little way - I want to
see that bit again.// rewind// -- wind n [C] //
wind down phr v//
1 wind sth down: to gradually reduce the work of a business or organization so that it can be closed down
completely//
2 to rest and relax after a lot of hard work or excitement: --I find it difficult to wind down after a day at work.//
3 wind sth down: BrE to make something, especially a car window, move down by turning a handle or pressing a
button//
wind up phr v//
1 to bring an activity, meeting etc to an end: --OK, just to wind up, could I summarize what we've decided?// wind sth
up// --It's time to wind things up - I have a plane to catch.//
2 wind sth up: to close down a company or organization// --Our operations in Jamaica are being wound up.//
3 [linking verb] informal to be in an unpleasant situation or place after a lot has happened: end up// wind up in/at/with
etc// --You know you're going to wind up in court over this.// wind up doing sth// --I wound up wishing I'd never come.//
4 wind sb up: BrE to deliberately say or do something that will annoy or worry someone, as a joke// tease// --
They're only winding you up.// wound up//
5 wind sth up: to turn part of a machine around several times, in order to make it move or start working//
6 wind sth up: BrE to make something, especially a car window, move up by turning a handle or pressing a button//
--Could you wind the window up, please?// ----------// HINT // Do not confuse with the noun wind , which has a different
pronunciation. // ----------//
wind 3 v past tense and past participle winded [T] // to make someone have difficulty breathing, as a result of falling
on something or being hit// --The fall winded him and he lay still for a moment.//

commence /kmns/
v [I and T] formal // to begin or to start something// --Work will commence on the new building immediately.// --
Your first evaluation will be six months after you commence employment.// commence with// --The course commences
with a one week introduction to Art Theory.// commence doing sth// --The planes commenced bombing at midnight.//
commencement /kmnsmnt/
n formal
1 [U] the beginning of something: commencement of// --the commencement of building work//
2 [U and C] AmE a ceremony at which university, college, or high school students receive their diplomas: graduation//

penetrate /pntret/
v ----------//
1 go through:
2 business:
3 organization:
4 understand:
5 sex:
6 see through: ----------// [Date: 1500-1600; Language: Latin; Origin: , past participle of penetrare]//
1 GO THROUGH: [I and T] to enter something and pass or spread through it, especially when this is difficult// pierce//
--bullets that penetrate thick armour plating// --Sunlight barely penetrated the dirty windows.// penetrate into// --
Explorers penetrated deep into unknown regions.//
2 BUSINESS: [T] to start to sell things to an area or country, or to have an influence there// --Few U.S. companies have
successfully penetrated the Japanese electronics market.//
3 ORGANIZATION: [T] to succeed in becoming accepted into a group or an organization, sometimes in order to find
out their secrets// --KGB agents had penetrated most of their intelligence services.//
4 UNDERSTAND: formal // a) [T] to succeed in understanding something// --Science has penetrated the mysteries of
nature.// b) [I and T] to be understood, with difficulty// --What could I say that would penetrate his thick skull ?//
5 SEX: [T] if a man penetrates someone, he puts his penis into a woman's vagina or into someone's anus when having
sex//
6 SEE THROUGH: [T] to see into or through something when this is difficult// --My eyes couldn't penetrate the
gloom.//
penetrating /pntret/
adj
1 penetrating look/eyes/gaze etc: a look etc which makes you feel uncomfortable and seems to see inside your mind// --a
pair of penetrating dark eyes// --He gave her a penetrating stare.//
2 showing an ability to understand things quickly and completely: --questions that are intelligent and penetrating// --a
penetrating analysis of the issue//
3 spreading and reaching everywhere: --the penetrating cold//
4 a penetrating sound is loud, clear, and often unpleasant: --a high, penetrating voice// -- penetratingly adv //
penetration /pntren/
n
1 [U and C] when something or someone enters or passes through something, especially when this is difficult: --Cover
the entire device to prevent water penetration.// penetration of// --The attack failed to lead to any deep penetration of
enemy territory.//
2 [U and C] the degree to which a product is available or sold in an area: penetration of// --the rise in import penetration
of the domestic market//
3 [U] when a system of beliefs enters a society and becomes accepted: penetration of// --the penetration of Marxism into
Latin America//
4 [U] when someone joins and gets accepted by an organization, business etc in order to find out secret information:
penetration of// --foreign penetration of the British secret service//
5 [U] when a man puts his penis into a woman's vagina or into someone's anus:
6 [U] a special ability to understand things very clearly and completely:

penetrative /pntretv/
adj
1 penetrative sex: sex in which a man puts his penis into a woman's vagina or into someone's anus//
2 able to get into or through something easily: --penetrative missiles//
3 showing an ability to understand things quickly and completely: --penetrative observations//

plant /plnt/
W1S2 n ----------//
1 living thing:
2 factory:
3 machinery:
4 something hidden:
5 person: ----------// [Language: Old English; Origin: plante, from Latin planta 'new growth on a plant, part cut off a
plant to be grown again']//
1 LIVING THING: [C] a living thing that has leaves and roots and grows in earth, especially one that is smaller than a
tree// --Don't forget to water the plants.// --a potato plant// --the forest's plant life (=plants) // houseplant//
2 FACTORY: [C] a factory or building where an industrial process happens// --a huge chemical plant// power plant//
3 MACHINERY: [U] BrE heavy machinery that is used in industrial processes// --a plant hire business//
4 SOMETHING HIDDEN: [C usually singular] something illegal or stolen that is hidden in someone's clothes or
possessions to make them seem guilty of a crime//
5 PERSON: [C] someone who is put somewhere or sent somewhere secretly to find out information//
plant 2 v [T] ----------//
1 plants/seeds:
2 put something somewhere:
3 hide illegal goods:
4 bomb:
5 person:
6 plant an idea/doubt/suspicion (in somebody's mind): Phrasal verbs// plant something out// ----------// [Language:
Old English; Origin: plantian, from Latin plantare, from planta; PLANT1]//
1 PLANTS/SEEDS: to put plants or seeds in the ground to grow// --Residents have helped us plant trees.// --We've
planted tomatoes and carrots in the garden.// plant a field/garden/area etc (with sth) // --a hillside planted with fir trees//
2 PUT SOMETHING SOMEWHERE: [always + adverb/preposition] informal to put something firmly in or on
something else// plant sth in/on etc sth// --He came up to her and planted a kiss on her cheek.// --She planted her feet
firmly to the spot and refused to move.//
3 HIDE ILLEGAL GOODS: informal to hide stolen or illegal goods in someone's clothes, bags, room etc in order to
make them seem guilty of a crime// plant sth on sb// --She claims that the police planted the drugs on her.//
4 BOMB: plant a bomb// to put a bomb somewhere// --Two men are accused of planting a bomb on the plane.//
5 PERSON: to put or send someone somewhere, especially secretly, so that they can find out information// --The police
had planted undercover detectives at every entrance.//
6 plant an idea/doubt/suspicion (in sb's mind): to make someone begin to have an idea, especially so that they do not
realize that you gave them the idea// --Someone must have planted the idea of suicide in his mind.// plant out [plant sth
out] phr v// to put a young plant into the soil outdoors, so that it has enough room to grow// --The seedlings should be
planted out in May.//

despondent /dspndnt/
adj // extremely unhappy and without hope// --Gill had been out of work for a year and was getting very despondent.//
despondent about// --He was becoming increasingly despondent about the way things were going.// -- despondency n [U]
// -- despondently adv //





dissent /dsnt/
n
1 [U] refusal to agree with an official decision or accepted opinion: opposition// consent, assent// --the ruthless
suppression of political dissent// --These voices of dissent grew louder and louder.//
2 [C] law a statement by a judge giving their reasons for disagreeing with the other judges in a law case:
dissent 2 v [I]
1 to say that you disagree with an official decision or accepted opinion: dissent from// --Few historians would dissent
from this view.// --There are some dissenting voices (=people who do not agree) among the undergraduates.//
2 law if a judge dissents, they say formally that they do not agree with the other judges in a law case:
dissenter /dsntr/
n [C]
1 a person or organization that disagrees with an official decision or accepted opinion: --Political dissenters were
imprisoned.//
2 also Dissenter: someone in the past who did not accept the beliefs of the established Protestant church in Western
Europe// non-conformist//

substance /sbstns/
W3 n ----------//
1 material:
2 truth:
3 ideas:
4 importance:
5 man/woman of substance: ----------// [Date: 1200-1300; Language: Old French; Origin: Latin substantia, from
substare 'to stand under']//
1 MATERIAL: [C] a particular type of solid, liquid, or gas// --The leaves were covered with a strange sticky
substance.// dangerous/toxic/hazardous/poisonous etc substance // --harmful substances in the atmosphere// --Plutonium
238 is one of the most toxic substances known to man.// illegal/banned/prohibited/controlled substance (=used especially
about illegal drugs) // --Police found an illegal substance in his car.//
2 TRUTH: [U usually in questions and negatives] formal if something has substance, it is true// -- There is no substance
to the rumours (=they are untrue) .// without substance// (=untrue) // --O'Connell's remarks are completely without
substance.//
3 IDEAS: [singular, U] the most important ideas contained in an argument or piece of writing// essence// -- The
substance of his argument was that people on welfare should work.// in substance// --What she said, in substance, was that
the mayor should resign.//
4 IMPORTANCE: [U] formal importance// significance// --It was an entertaining speech, but it lacked substance
(=there was no important information in it) .// matters/issues of substance // --We should be discussing matters of
substance.//
5 man/woman of substance: BrE literary a rich man or woman//

thud /d/
n [C] the low sound made by a heavy object hitting something else// a dull/hard/heavy thud // --There was a dull thud
as the box hit the floor.// --His head hit the floor with a sickening thud .//
thud 2 past tense and past participle thudded present participle thudding v [I] //
1 [always + adverb/preposition] to hit something with a low sound: --The stone thudded to the ground.// --waves
thudding against the side of the ship//
2 [always + adverb/preposition] to walk or run with your feet making a heavy sound as they touch the ground: --A horse
thudded over the frozen grass.//
3 if your heart thuds, it beats strongly because you are excited or frightened: --Peter was aware of his heart thudding in
his chest.//



impure /mpjr/
adj
1 not pure or clean, and often consisting of a mixture of things instead of just one: pure// --drug dealers selling impure
heroin//
2 old-fashioned impure thoughts, feelings etc are morally bad because they are about sex - sometimes used humorously:
--He tried, without success, to rid his mind of any impure thoughts about Julia.//
impurely adverb
impurity /mpjrti/
n plural impurities //
1 [C usually plural] a substance of a low quality that is contained in or mixed with something else, making it less pure: --
All natural minerals contain impurities.// --Our oatmeal face mask absorbs impurities from your skin.//
2 [U] the state of being impure:

intact /ntkt/
adj [not before noun] // not broken, damaged, or spoiled// --Only the medieval tower had remained intact .// --His
reputation survived intact .//

heartless /hrtls/
adj cruel and not feeling any pity// --How can you be so heartless?// -- heartlessly adv // -- heartlessness n [U]
//

hum /hm/
v past tense and past participle hummed present participle humming //
1 [I and T] to sing a tune by making a continuous sound with your lips closed: hum to yourself// --Tony was humming to
himself as he drove along.// --He began to hum a tune.//
2 [I] to make a low continuous sound: --Machines hummed on the factory floor.//
3 [I ] if a place hums, it is full of activity - use this to show approval: busy// --By nine o'clock, the restaurant was
humming.// hum with// --The streets were humming with life.//
4 hum and haw: BrE to take a long time deciding what to say or do// hesitate// American Equivalent: hem and haw//
hum 2 n [singular]
1 a low continuous sound: hum of// --the distant hum of traffic//
2 hum of excitement/approval etc: the sound of people talking because they are excited etc//

dumbfounded
adj extremely surprised// --He was completely dumbfounded by the incident.// -- dumbfound v [T] //

rest /rst/
n ----------//
1 the rest:
2 relaxing:
3 put/set somebody's mind at rest:
4 come to rest:
5 give it a rest:
6 give something a rest:
7 at rest:
8 and all the rest of it:
9 and the rest:
10 lay/put something to rest:
11 lay somebody to rest:
12 music: ----------//
1 the rest: what is left after everything or everyone else has gone, been used, dealt with, or mentioned// remainder,
leftovers// --You carry these two bags, and I'll bring the rest.// --Two of the attackers were killed, and the rest escaped.//
the rest of// --Does anyone want the rest of this pizza?// --He'll be in a wheelchair for the rest of his life .//
2 RELAXING: [U and C] a period of time when you are not doing anything tiring and you can relax or sleep// --I need
to get some rest .// have/take a rest // --You look exhausted! Why don't you take a rest?// --We stopped for a well-earned
rest (=one that we deserved because we had been working hard) .// a rest day/period // --We have classes until 12.30, and
then we have a rest period.//
3 put/set sb's mind at rest: to make someone feel less anxious or worried// --Why don't you talk to him, and put his mind
at rest.//
4 come to rest: a) to stop moving// --The aircraft skidded across the runway and finally came to rest in a cornfield.// b)
if your eyes come to rest on something, you stop looking around and look at that one thing// come to rest on// --My eyes
came to rest on a photograph of a young man.//
5 give it a rest: spoken especially BrE used to tell someone to stop talking about something because they are annoying
you// --Give it a rest, Jack!//
6 give sth a rest: spoken to stop doing an activity// --I gave the acting a rest for a while.//
7 at rest: a) an expression meaning dead, and free from pain and problems// b) technical not moving//
8 and all the rest of it: BrE spoken used at the end of a short list to mean other things of a similar type// --It was me
who was paying the rent and the bills and all the rest of it.//
9 and the rest: BrE spoken used to emphasize in a humorous way that a number or amount is really much higher than
someone thinks// --'I'd say she's about 40.' 'Yeah, and the rest!'//
10 lay/put sth to rest: formal to stop people from worrying about or believing something// --The minister resigned, and
the government hoped that the scandal would finally be laid to rest.//
11 lay sb to rest: an expression meaning to bury someone, used when you want to avoid saying this directly// --She was
laid to rest beside her husband.//
12 MUSIC: [C] // a) a period of silence of a particular length in a piece of music// b) a written sign that shows how long
the period of silence should be// headrest, footrest, backrest// and the rest is history at history(10)//
rest 2 W3S3 v ----------//
1 relax:
2 support something:
3 rest your feet/legs/eyes etc:
4 let the matter rest:
5 rest assured (that):
6 somebody will not rest until...:
7 dead person:
8 rest on your laurels:
9 I rest my case:
10 rest easy: Phrasal verbs// rest on/upon something// rest with somebody// ----------//
1 RELAX: [I] to stop working or doing an activity for a time and sit down or lie down to relax// --If you're tired, we'll
stop and rest for a while.//
2 SUPPORT SOMETHING: [I,T always + adverb/preposition] to support an object or part of your body by putting it on
or against something, or to be supported in this way// lean// rest (sth) against/on sth// --Rest your head on my shoulder.//
--Brassard rested his elbows on the table and leaned forward.// --Their bikes were resting against the wall.//
3 rest your feet/legs/eyes etc: to stop using a part of your body because it is feeling sore or tired// --I need to sit down
and rest my legs.//
4 let the matter rest: also let it rest // to stop discussing or dealing with something// --The man apologized, but Aunt
Matilda refused to let the matter rest.//
5 rest assured (that): formal used to tell someone not to worry, because what you say about a situation is true// --You
may rest assured that it will be ready on time.//
6 sb will not rest until...: if you will not rest until something happens, you will not be satisfied until it happens// --We
will not rest until the murderer is found.//
7 DEAD PERSON: [I always + adverb/preposition] literary if a dead person rests somewhere, they are buried there// --
My mother rests beside my father in the family graveyard.// sb's last/final resting place (=the place where someone is
buried) // rest in peace (=often written on a grave) //
8 rest on your laurels: to be satisfied with what you have done, so that you do not make any further effort//
9 I rest my case: spoken // a) formal used by a lawyer when they have finished trying to prove something in a court of
law// b) used when something happens or is said which proves that you were right - used humorously//
10 rest easy: to relax and stop worrying// --I can rest easy, knowing everything's under control.// rest on/upon [rest
on/upon sth] phr v//
1 formal to depend on something: --Success in management ultimately rests on good judgment.//
2 formal to be based on a particular idea or set of facts: --The case against my client rests entirely on circumstantial
evidence.//
3 if your eyes rest on something, you notice it and look at it: --His eyes rested on a small figure in the distance.// rest
with [rest with sb] phr v// if a decision rests with someone, they are responsible for it// --The final decision rests with the
President.//

The experiences of seeing the classroom distorting, of Asakura's arms extending unnaturally, and Nagato eliminating her
emotionlessly have all been etched into my mind.

bystander /bastndr/
n [C] someone who watches what is happening without taking part// onlooker// --Several innocent bystanders were
killed by the blast.//

protagonist /protgnst/
n [C] formal
1 the most important character in a play, film, or story: main character//
2 one of the most important people taking part in a competition, battle, or struggle: --the main protagonists in the
conflict//
3 one of the most important supporters of a social or political idea: protagonist of// --a protagonist of educational
reform//

inevitable /nvtbl/
W3 adj
1 certain to happen and impossible to avoid: --A further escalation of the crisis now seems inevitable.// it is inevitable
(that)// --It's inevitable that doctors will make the occasional mistake.// inevitable consequence/result // --Disease was an
inevitable consequence of poor living conditions.//
2 the inevitable: a situation that is certain to happen// --One day the inevitable happened and I got a speeding ticket.//
inevitably
W3 adv used for saying that something is certain to happen and cannot be avoided// --The decision will inevitably
lead to political tensions.// [sentence adverb] // --Inevitably, the situation did not please everyone.//
inevitability
n [singular, U] the fact that something is certain to happen, or something that is certain to happen// inevitability of// -
-the inevitability of death//

exclaim /ksklem/
v [I and T] written // to say something suddenly and loudly because you are surprised, angry, or excited// --'No!' she
exclaimed in shock.//
exclamation /ksklmen/
n [C] a sound, word, or short sentence that you say suddenly and loudly because you are surprised, angry, or excited//
exclamation of// --horrified exclamations of disgust//

bewilderment /bwldrmnt/
n [U] a feeling of being very confused// confusion// in bewilderment// --She looked at him in bewilderment.//
wander /wndr/
S3 v ----------//
1 without direction:
2 move away:
3 mind/thoughts:
4 conversation:
5 somebody's mind is wandering:
6 eyes:
7 road/river:
8 hands: ----------//
1 WITHOUT DIRECTION: [I and T] to walk slowly across or around an area, usually without a clear direction or
purpose// wander in/through/around etc// --I'll wander around the mall for half an hour.// --She wandered aimlessly about
the house.// --Ana wandered off to get a drink.// --He was found wandering the streets of New York.//
2 MOVE AWAY: [I] also wander off // to walk away from where you are supposed to stay// --Don't let any of the kids
wander off.//
3 MIND/THOUGHTS: [I] if your mind, thoughts etc wander, you no longer pay attention to something, especially
because you are bored or worried// --Mrs Snell's mind wandered and the voices went on and on.//
4 CONVERSATION: [I] to start to talk about something not related to the main subject that you were talking about
before// wander from/off// --Pauline started to wander from the point.//
5 sb's mind is wandering: used to say that someone has become unable to think clearly, especially because they are old//
6 EYES: [I] if your eyes or your gaze wanders, you look around slowly at different things or at all parts of something//
--His gaze wandered round the room.//
7 ROAD/RIVER: [I] if a road or a river wanders somewhere, it does not go straight but in curves// wander
through/across/along// --The Missouri River wanders across several states.//
8 HANDS: [I] if a man's hands wander, he touches the body of a woman he is with, especially where she does not want
him to// --Be careful, he's got wandering hands .//
wander 2 n [singular] BrE a short relaxed walk// take/go for/have a wander // --I had a bit of a wander round the
shops.//
wanderer /wndrr/
n [C] a person who moves from place to place and has no permanent home//
wanderings
n [plural] literary journeys to places where you do not stay for very long// --his wanderings through the Australian
outback//
wanderlust /'wndlst/
n [singular, U] // a strong desire to travel to different places//




smack /smk/
v [T] //
1 to hit someone, especially a child, with your open hand in order to punish them: slap// --the debate about whether
parents should smack their children//
2 [always + adverb/preposition] to hit something hard against something else so that it makes a short loud noise: --He
smacked the money down on the table and walked out.//
3 smack your lips: to make a short loud noise with your lips before or after you eat or drink something to show that it is
good// --He drained his glass and smacked his lips appreciatively.//
4 BrE informal to hit someone hard with your closed hand: punch// smack of [smack of sth] phr v// if a situation
smacks of something unpleasant, it seems to involve that thing// --To me, the whole thing smacks of a cover-up.// smack
up [smack sb up] phr v// to hit someone hard many times with your hand// --Don't make me come over there and smack
you up.//
smack 2 n //
1 [C] : a) a hit with your open hand, especially to punish a child// slap// --You're going to get a smack in a minute!// b)
BrE informal a hard hit with your closed hand// punch// smack in the mouth/face/gob // --Talk like that and I'll give you
a smack in the mouth.//
2 [C usually singular] a short loud noise caused when something hits something else: --The book landed with a smack.//
3 [U] informal heroin:
4 give sb a smack on the lips/cheek: informal to kiss someone loudly//
5 [C] a small fishing boat:
smack 3 adv informal
1 exactly or directly in the middle of something, in front of something etc: smack in the middle/in front of sth etc // --
There was a hole smack in the middle of the floor.// smack bang BrE // /smack dab AmE // --It's smack dab in the
middle of an earthquake zone.//
2 if something goes smack into something, it hits it with a lot of force: --The car ran smack into the side of the bus.//


companion /kmpnyn/
W3 n [C] //
1 someone you spend a lot of time with, especially a friend: --For ten years he had been her constant companion .// --His
dog became his closest companion .// --a travelling companion // dinner/drinking companion //
2 one of a pair of things that go together or can be used together: companion to// --This book is a companion to Professor
Farrer's first work.// companion volume/piece etc // --The Encyclopedia of Gardening is a companion volume to the
Encyclopedia of Plants and Flowers.//
3 used in the titles of books about a particular subject: --A Companion to Japanese Literature//
4 someone, especially a woman, who is paid to live or travel with an older person:
companionable /kmpnynbl/
adj literary friendly and pleasant to be with// --They sat together in companionable silence .// -- companionably adv //
companionship /kmpnynp/
n [U] when you are with someone you enjoy being with, and are not alone// --When Stan died, I missed his
companionship.//


resort /risrt/
W3 n [C] //
1 a place where a lot of people go for holidays: seaside/beach/ski etc resort // --Aspen, a ski resort in Colorado// --
Lagoon Reef is one of the best resort hotels.//
2 last/final resort: what you will do if everything else fails// as a last resort// --Drug treatment should only be used as a
last resort.// of last resort// --a weapon of last resort// in the last resort// BrE // --Economic sanctions will be used only
in the last resort.//
3 first resort: what you will do first before you try other things// --In the past, your family was the first resort when
looking for a job.//
4 resort to sth: formal when you must use or depend on something because nothing better is available// without resort to
sth// --We hope they will be able to resolve the situation without resort to force.//
resort 2 v resort to [resort to sth] phr v// to do something bad, extreme, or difficult because you cannot think of any other
way to deal with a problem// --Officials fear that extremists may resort to violence .// resort to doing sth// --Vets have had
to resort to killing the animals.//

buy
v past tense and past participle bought /b[hA350][hA359]t $ b[hA361][hA359]t/// //
1 : a) [I and T] to get something by paying money for it// sell// --Where did you buy that dress?// --Ricky showed
her the painting he'd bought that morning.// buy sb sth// --Let me buy you a drink.// buy sth for sb/sth// --The money will
be used to buy equipment for the school.// buy (sth) from sb// --It's cheaper to buy direct from the manufacturer.// buy sth
for $10/[hA124]200 etc // --Dan bought the car for $2000.// --It's much cheaper to buy in bulk (=buy large quantities of
something) .// b) [T] if a sum of money buys something, it is enough to pay for it// --$50 doesn't buy much these days.//
buy sb sth// --$15 should buy us a pizza and a drink.//
2 buy (sb) time: to deliberately make more time for yourself to do something, for example by delaying a decision// --
'Can we talk about it later?' he said, trying to buy a little more time.//
3 [T] informal to believe something that someone tells you, especially when it is not likely to be true: --'Let's just say it
was an accident.' ' He'll never buy that .'//
4 [T] informal to pay money to someone, especially someone in a position of authority, in order to persuade them to do
something dishonest: bribe// --People say the judge had been bought by the Mafia.//
5 buy sth at the cost/expense/price of sth: to get something that you want, but only by losing something else// --The
town has been careful not to buy prosperity at the expense of its character.//
6 sb bought it: old-fashioned informal someone was killed// buy in [buy sth in] phr v// to buy something in large
quantities// --Companies are buying in supplies of paper, in case the price goes up.// buy into [buy into sth] phr v//
1 informal to accept that an idea is right and allow it to influence you: --I never bought into this idea that you have to be
thin to be attractive.//
2 to buy part of a business or organization, especially because you want to control it: --Investors were invited to buy into
state-owned enterprises.// buy off [buy sb off] phr v// to pay someone money to stop them causing trouble or
threatening you// bribe// buy out phr v//
1 buy sb/sth out: to buy someone's share of a business or property that you previously owned together, so that you
have complete control// buyout//
2 buy sb out of sth: to pay money so that someone can leave an organization such as the army before their contract has
ended// buy up [buy sth up] phr v// to quickly buy as much of something as possible, for example land, tickets, or
goods// --Much of the land was bought up by property developers.//
buy 2 n [C, usually singular]
1 something that is worth buying, because it is cheap, good quality, or likely to gain in value: a good/excellent etc buy //
--The wine is a good buy at $6.50.// --It's worth shopping around for the best buy (=what you want at the lowest price) .//
2 informal an act of buying something, especially something illegal: deal//






lame excuse
lame /lem/
n [U] // cloth containing gold or silver threads// --a gold lame dress//
adj [Language: Old English; Origin: lama]//
1 : a) unable to walk properly because your leg or foot is injured or weak// --a lame dog// go lame (=become lame) // b)
the lame [plural] people who are lame//
2 a lame explanation or excuse is weak and difficult to believe: lame excuse/explanation // --She gave some lame excuse
about missing the bus.// --a lame attempt to deflect criticism// lamely//
3 informal boring or not very good: poor// --A lot of the songs on this album are a bit lame.// --the company's lame
performance// -- lameness n [U] //
lame 2 v [T usually passive] to make a person or animal unable to walk properly// cripple// --The fall left him badly
lamed.//

changeover


firsthand



hallucinate /hlusnet/
v [I] // to see or hear things that are not really there//
hallucination
n [U and C] something which you imagine you can see or hear, but which is not really there, or the experience of this// --
The patients suffered hallucinations caused by the drug.//
hallucinatory
adj formal
1 causing hallucinations or resulting from hallucinations: --hallucinatory drugs//
2 using strange images, sounds etc like those experienced in a hallucination: --hallucinatory poetry//
hallucinogenic
adj hallucinogenic drugs make people experience hallucinations//

tricky /trki/
S3 adj comparative trickier superlative trickiest //
1 something that is difficult to deal with or do because it is complicated and full of problems: --I can get you tickets for
the show but it'll be tricky.//
2 a tricky person is clever and likely to deceive you: crafty//

coward /kard/
n [C] // someone who is not at all brave// --Try it. Don't be such a coward.// -- cowardly adj // --a cowardly attack on a
defenceless man//

sauna /sn/
n [C] //
1 a room that is heated to a very high temperature by hot air, where people sit because it is considered healthy:
2 a period of time when you sit or lie in a room like this: have/take a sauna // --I have a sauna and massage every week.//

creep /krip/
v past tense and past participle crept /krept/ [I always + adverb/preposition] //
1 to move in a quiet, careful way, especially to avoid attracting attention: creep into/over/around etc// --Johann would
creep into the gallery to listen to the singers.// --He crept back up the stairs, trying to avoid the ones that creaked.//
2 if something such as an insect, small animal, or car creeps, it moves slowly and quietly: crawl// creep
down/along/away etc// --a caterpillar creeping down my arm//
3 to gradually enter something and change it: creep in/into/over etc// --Funny how religion is creeping into the
environmental debate.//
4 if a plant creeps, it grows or climbs up or along a particular place: creep up/over/around etc// --ivy creeping up the
walls of the building//
5 if mist, clouds etc creep, they gradually fill or cover a place: creep into/over etc// --Fog was creeping into the valley.//
6 BrE informal to be insincerely nice to someone, especially someone in authority, in order to gain an advantage for
yourself: creep (up) to sb // --I'm not the kind of person to creep to anybody.//
7 sb/sth makes my flesh creep: used to say that someone or something makes you feel strong dislike or fear// --His
glassy stare made my flesh creep.// creep up on / [creep up on sb/sth] phr v//
1 to surprise someone by walking up behind them silently: --Don't yell - let's creep up on them and scare them.//
2 if a feeling or idea creeps up on you, it gradually increases: --The feeling she had for Malcolm had crept up on her and
taken her by surprise.//
3 to seem to come sooner than you expect: --Somehow, the end of term had crept up on us.//
creep 2 n [C]
1 informal especially AmE someone who you dislike extremely: --Get lost, you little creep!//
2 BrE informal someone who tries to make you like them or do things for them by being insincerely nice to you: --Don't
try and flatter her - she doesn't approve of creeps.//
3 give sb the creeps: if a person or place gives you the creeps, they make you feel nervous and a little frightened,
especially because they are strange// --That house gives me the creeps.//
4 mission/cost/grade etc creep: when something gradually starts to go beyond what it was intended to deal with or
include// --He denied that giving civilian tasks to the NATO forces was a case of mission creep.

sport /sprt/
n ----------//
1 games:
2 hunting:
3 helpful person:
4 a good sport:
5 a bad/poor sport:
6 man/boy:
7 fun:
8 make sport of somebody: ----------// [Date: 1300-1400; Origin: disport]//
1 GAMES: a) [C] a physical activity in which people compete against each other// --My favourite sports are tennis and
swimming.// --a sports team// --a sports club// --I've been playing sports all my life.// --All students are encouraged to
take part in a sport.// --a sports field// --He picked up the newspaper and turned to the sports pages.// --They have
excellent sports facilities.// --A lot of schools don't really encourage team sports .// --Football is one of the most popular
spectator sports (=sports watched by a lot of people) .// b) [U] BrE sports in general// --Why is there so much sport on
TV?// --I always hated sport at school.//
2 HUNTING: [C] an activity that people do in the countryside, especially hunting or fishing// --the sport of falconry// --
a demonstration by people opposed to blood sports (=sports that involve killing animals) //
3 HELPFUL PERSON: [C usually singular] also good sport // old-fashioned a helpful cheerful person who lets you
enjoy yourself// be a sport (=used when asking someone to help you) // --Be a sport and lend me your bike.//
4 a good sport: someone who does not get angry when they lose at a game or sport//
5 a bad/poor sport: someone who gets angry very easily when they lose at a game or sport//
6 MAN/BOY: spoken // a) AusE used when speaking to someone, especially a man, in a friendly way// --See you later,
sport.// b) AmE old-fashioned used when speaking to a boy in a friendly way//
7 FUN: [U] old-fashioned fun or amusement// --Did she torment him merely for sport?//
8 make sport of sb: old-fashioned to joke about someone in a way that makes them seem stupid// field sports, water
sports, winter sports// ----------// HINT sense 1 // The uncountable use of sport is British English only: There's too much
sport on TV. In American English, the plural sports is used: He likes watching sports on TV. // ----------//
sport 2 v
1 be sporting sth: to be wearing something or have something on your body and show it to people in a proud way// --
Eric was sporting a new camel-hair coat.//
2 [I] literary to play together happily: --the sight of dolphins sporting amidst the waves//


indeed /ndid/
adv //
1 [sentence adverb] used to emphasize a statement or answer: --The blood tests prove that Vince is indeed the father.// --
'Would it help if you had an assistant?' 'It would indeed.'//
2 [sentence adverb] formal used to introduce an additional statement that emphasizes or supports what you have just said:
--I didn't mind at all. Indeed, I was pleased.//
3 especially BrE used with 'very' and an adjective or adverb to emphasize a statement or description: --Most of the
essays were very good indeed.// --Thank you very much indeed.//
4 spoken especially BrE used to show that you are surprised or annoyed by something that someone has just told you: --
'He said he was too busy to see you.' 'Did he, indeed?'//
5 why/how/who etc indeed?: spoken used when someone has asked you a question, to show that you do not know the
answer and you do not think there can be a satisfactory answer// --'Why would John have left without saying a word?'
'Why indeed?'// --'How can anyone justify such shameful behaviour?' 'How indeed?'//


birthmark

higher-ups


distress /dstrs/
n [U]
1 a feeling of extreme unhappiness: --Luke's behaviour caused his parents great distress.// in distress// --The girl was
crying and clearly in distress.//
2 suffering and problems caused by a lack of money, food etc: --acute financial distress// in distress// --charities that aid
families in distress//
3 formal great physical pain:
4 a situation when a ship, aircraft etc is in danger and needs help: --We picked up a distress signal 6 km away.// in
distress// --The ship is in distress and taking on water.//
distress 2 v [T] to make someone feel very upset// --The dream had distressed her greatly.//
distressed /dstrst/
adj
1 very upset: deeply/visibly distressed // --Hannah was deeply distressed by the news.// distressed at/by// --My client is
very distressed at the treatment she received from your officers.// distressed to find/hear/see/learn etc sth// --She was
distressed to see he was crying.//
2 technical in a lot of pain: --The animal was clearly distressed.//
3 distressed furniture or clothes have been made to look older than they really are:
4 formal having very little money: --a family living in distressed circumstances//
distressing
making you feel very upset// --a distressing experience// -- distressingly adv //


bothersome /brsm/
adj slightly annoying//



nod /nd/


the clothes rack.



precious /prs/
adj
1 something that is precious is valuable and important and should not be wasted or used without care: precious
seconds/minutes/hours/time // --We cannot afford to waste precious time.// --planes delivering precious supplies of
medicine and food// --our planet's precious resources //
2 rare and worth a lot of money: precious gem/stone/jewel // --a statue covered with precious jewels//
3 precious memories or possessions are important to you because they remind you of people you like or events in your
life: precious to// --The doll is cracked and worn, but it's precious to me because it was my mother's.//
4 [only before noun] spoken used to show that you are annoyed that someone seems to care too much about something: -
-I never touched your precious car!//
5 spoken used to speak to someone you love, especially a baby or small child: --Come sit by me, precious.//
6 AmE spoken used in order to describe someone or something that is small and pretty: cute// --The kids gave me that
ornament. Isn't it precious?//
7 formal too concerned about style or detail in your writing or speech, so that it does not seem natural: --His early work
is rather precious and juvenile.// -- preciously adv // -- preciousness n [U] //
precious 2 adv informal precious little/few// very little or very few// --I had precious little time for reading.//


Some people are just born to have costumes worn on them.


embrace /mbres/
v
1 [I and T] to put your arms around someone and hold them in a friendly or loving way: hug// --Jack warmly embraced
his son.// --Maggie and Laura embraced.//
2 [T] formal to eagerly accept a new idea, opinion, religion etc: --We hope these regions will embrace democratic
reforms.// --Most West European countries have embraced the concept of high-speed rail networks with enthusiasm.//
3 [T] formal to include something as part of a subject, discussion etc: --This course embraces several different aspects of
psychology.//
embrace 2 n [C] the act of holding someone close to you, especially as a sign of love// in an embrace// --They held
each other in a tender embrace.//


Asahina turned and shook her hair out, then gave a seductive smile, "Classified information~."


metamorphose
v [I and T] formal to change completely and become something different, or to make something change in this way//
metamorphose into// --From an easygoing young girl, she had metamorphosed into a neurotic middle-aged woman.//
metamorphosis
n plural metamorphoses /-si[hA359]z/ [U and C] //
1 formal a process in which something changes completely into something very different: transformation// --It took me
some time to undergo the metamorphosis from teacher to lecturer.// --the metamorphosis of China under Deng's economic
reforms//
2 a process in which a young insect, frog etc changes into another stage in its development: --Beetles undergo a
complete metamorphosis in their life cycle.//


caterpillar
n [C] a small creature like a worm with many legs that eats leaves and that develops into a butterfly or other flying
insect//


well-preserved
adj
1 someone who is well-preserved is getting old, but does not look as old as they are:
2 a well-preserved building or object is old but still in good condition: --the remarkably well-preserved ruins of the
church//


supervise /suprvaz/
v [I and T] // to be in charge of an activity or person, and make sure that things are done in the correct way// --Griffiths
closely supervised the research.//
supervision /suprvn/
n [U] when you supervise someone or something// --The baby needs constant supervision.// under sb's supervision// --
Costumes and sets were also made under his supervision.//
supervisor /suprvazr/
n [C]
1 someone who supervises a person or activity:
2 AmE someone who is a member of the city, county etc government in some parts of the US: --
supervisory/su[hA359]p[hA353]va[hA366]z[hA353]ri $ su[hA359]p[hA353]rva[hA366]z[hA353]ri/ adj // --I had a
supervisory role.//


swing
W3 v past tense and past participle swung /sw[hA356][hA26E]/// ----------//
1 move from a fixed point:
2 move in a curve:
3 hit:
4 change opinions/emotions:
5 swing into action:
6 play:
7 arrange something:
8 swing both ways:
9 swing the lead: Phrasal verbs// swing around/round// swing by// ----------// [Language: Old English; Origin:
swingan 'to beat, go quickly']//
1 MOVE FROM A FIXED POINT: [I and T] to make regular movements forwards and backwards or from one side to
another while hanging from a particular point, or to make something do this// --Let your arms swing as you walk.// --a
sign swinging in the wind// --He was swinging his bag back and forth .// --She swung her legs from side to side .// swing
sth by sth// --He marched around, swinging the gun by its handle.//
2 MOVE IN A CURVE: [I,T always + adverb/preposition] to move quickly in a smooth curve in one direction, or to
make something do this// --A black car swung into the drive.// --Kate swung her legs out of bed.// swing open/shut // --
The heavy door swung shut.// --Swinging her bag over her shoulder, she hurried on.//
3 HIT: [I and T] to move your arm or something you are holding to try and hit something// swing sth at sb/sth// --She
swung her bag at him.// swing at sb/sth (with sth)// --Garson swung at the ball and missed.// --He started swinging at me
with his fists.//
4 CHANGE OPINIONS/EMOTIONS: [I and T] if emotions or opinions swing, or if something swings them, they
change quickly to the opposite of what they were// swing from sth to sth// --His mood could swing from joy to despair.// -
-Do campaign gifts swing votes ?// --The war had begun to swing in Britain's favor .// swing to the Right/Left (=in
politics) //
5 swing into action: to suddenly begin work that needs doing, using a lot of energy and effort// --Politicians have
already swung into action.//
6 PLAY: [I] to sit on a swing and make it move backwards and forwards by moving your legs//
7 ARRANGE SOMETHING: [T] spoken to arrange for something to happen, although it takes a lot of effort to do this//
--We managed to swing it so that they we'll travel together.//
8 swing both ways: informal someone who swings both ways is bisexual//
9 swing the lead: BrE to avoid work by pretending to be ill// there's not enough room to swing a cat at room1 (5)//
swing around/round phr v// to turn around quickly, or to make something do this// --She swung around to face him.//
swing sth/sb around/round// --He swung the boat around and headed for the shore.// swing by phr v// swing by (sth)//
to visit a place or person for a short time// --I'll swing by the grocery store on my way.//
swing 2 S3 n ----------//
1 seat with ropes:
2 movement:
3 change:
4 sports:
5 music:
6 get into the swing of it/things:
7 be in full swing:
8 go with a swing:
9 swings and roundabouts: ----------//
1 SEAT WITH ROPES: [C] a seat hanging from ropes or chains, usually used by children play on by moving it forwards
and backwards using their legs// --kids playing on the swings // --a porch swing//
2 MOVEMENT: [C] a curved movement made with your arm, leg etc// --He took a swing at (=tried to hit) my head and
missed.// --the swing of her hips as she walked//
3 CHANGE: [C] a noticeable change in opinions or emotions// swing to/towards/between etc// --a big swing towards
right-wing ideology// --She suffers from mood swings .//
4 SPORTS: [singular] the movement you make when you hit the ball in golf, baseball, or some other sports// --I spent
months correcting my swing.//
5 MUSIC: [U] a type of dance music played by a big band in the 1930s and 1940s that is similar to jazz//
6 get into the swing of it/things: to become fully involved in an activity// --Once we got into the swing of it, it took no
time at all.//
7 be in full swing: if an event or process is in full swing, it has reached its highest level of activity// --By midnight the
end-of-course party was in full swing.//
8 go with a swing: BrE if a party or activity goes with a swing, it is enjoyable and successful// --everything you need to
make your party go with a swing //
9 swings and roundabouts: BrE used to say that two choices have an equal number of gains and losses, so there is little
difference between them//


karma /krm/
n [U]
1 the belief that all the good and bad things that you do in this life affect how good or bad your future lives will be,
according to the Hindu and Buddhist religions:
2 informal the feeling that you get from a person, place, or action: good/bad karma // --The house had a lot of bad
karma.// -- karmic adj //



fishy /fi/
adj
1 informal seeming bad or dishonest: suspicious// --There's something very fishy about him.//
2 tasting or smelling of fish: --a fishy smell//


hardly
adv
1 almost not: --My parents divorced when I was six, and I hardly knew my father.// --The children were so excited they
could hardly speak.// --I can hardly believe it.// -- Hardly anyone (=almost no one) writes to me these days.// --Dad ate
hardly anything (=almost nothing) .// --There was hardly any (=very little) traffic.// --She lives in Spain, so we hardly
ever (=almost never) see her.// hardly a day/week/month etc goes by without/when (=used to say that something happens
almost every day, week etc) // --Hardly a month goes by without another factory closing down. see usage note rarely//
2 used to mean 'not', when you are suggesting that the person you are speaking to will agree with you: --It's hardly
surprising that she won't answer his calls after the way he's treated her.// --You can hardly blame Tom for not waiting.// --
My boss could hardly be described as handsome.// hardly the time/place/person etc (=a very unsuitable time, place,
person) // --This is hardly the place to discuss the matter.//
3 used to say that something has only just happened: --The serious building work has hardly begun.// hardly ...
when/before // --She had hardly sat down when the phone rang.// ----------// GRAMMAR // Do not use hardly with a
negative word : I can hardly believe he said that (NOT I can't hardly believe he said that). | There's hardly any milk left
(NOT There's hardly no milk left). // Use hardly just before the main verb : He could hardly speak (NOT He hardly could
speak). // Do not use hardly at the beginning of a sentence, except in very formal writing : I had hardly got in the house
when the phone rang is the usual way to say this. It is possible to say| Hardly had I got in the house when the phone rang
but this is very formal // !! Do not use hardly as the adverb of hard . The adverb of hard is hard : I tried hard to
remember (NOT I tried hardly to remember). | Students have to study very hard (NOT Students have to study very hardly).
// ----------//


puffed up
adj [not before noun] behaving in a way that shows you are too pleased with yourself and your achievements - used to
show disapproval// --I was so puffed up with my own importance in those days.//

huff
v informal [Date: 1500-1600; Origin: From the sound]//
1 huff and puff: a) to breathe out in a noisy way, especially when you do something that involves a lot of physical
effort// --He was huffing and puffing by the time he got to the top.// b) to show clearly that you strongly disagree with or
are annoyed about something// --After a lot of huffing and puffing, he eventually gave in to our request.//
2 [T] to say something in a way that shows you are annoyed, often because someone has offended you: --'I haven't got
time for that now,' huffed Sam irritably.//
huff 2 n in a huff// feeling angry or bad-tempered, especially because someone has offended you// go off/walk off/leave
etc in a huff // --She stormed out in a huff.//

puff
v [Language: Old English; Origin: pyffan, from the sound]//
1 [I] to breathe quickly and with difficulty after the effort of running, carrying something heavy etc: --George puffed and
panted and he tried to keep up.// puff along/up etc// --An old man puffed up to them.// --He caught up with Gary, puffing
for breath .// huff and puff at huff1 (1)//
2 [I and T] also puff away : to breathe in and out while smoking a cigarette or pipe// puff at/on// --Kinane sat in silence,
puffing thoughtfully at his pipe.//
3 [I always + adverb/preposition, T] if smoke, steam etc puffs from somewhere, or if something puffs it, it comes out in
little clouds: --Steam puffed out of the chimney.// --The boiler was puffing thick black smoke.// --Don't puff smoke into
my face.//
4 [I always + adverb/preposition] to move in a particular direction, sending out little clouds of steam or smoke: --The
train puffed steadily across the bridge.// puff out [puff sth out] phr v// puff out your cheeks/chest// to make your
cheeks or chest bigger by filling them with air// --Henry puffed out his chest proudly.// puff up phr v//
1 to become bigger by increasing the amount of air inside, or to make something bigger in this way: --The pastry will
puff up while it bakes.// puff sth up// --Birds puff up their feathers to keep warm.//
2 if a part of your body puffs up, it swells painfully because of injury or infection: --My eye had puffed up because of a
mosquito bite.//
puff 2 n
1 [C] the action of taking the smoke from a cigarette, pipe etc into your lungs: puff on/at// --He laughed and took a puff
on his cigar.//
2 [C] a sudden small movement of wind, air, or smoke: puff of smoke/wind/air/steam etc // --The dragon disappeared in
a puff of smoke.//
3 cheese/jam/cream etc puff: a piece of light pastry with a soft mixture inside//
4 [U] BrE informal your breath: --I was out of puff (=had difficulty breathing) .//
5 [C] also puff piece : a piece of writing or a speech that praises someone too much - used to show disapproval//


till



interpret
W3 v [Date: 1300-1400; Language: French; Origin: interpreter, from Latin interpretari, from interpres 'someone who
explains or translates']//
1 [I and T] to translate one language into another: --They spoke good Spanish, and promised to interpret for me.//
2 [T] to believe that something someone does or something that happens has a particular meaning: interpret sth as sth// --
His refusal to work late was interpreted as a lack of commitment to the company.//
3 [T] to explain the meaning of something: --Freud's attempts to interpret the meaning of dreams//
4 [T] to perform a part in a play, a piece of music etc in a way that shows your feelings about it or what you think it
means:
interpretation
W2 n [U and C]
1 the way in which someone explains or understands an event, information, someone's actions etc: --One possible
interpretation is that they want you to resign.// --It's difficult to put an accurate interpretation on (=explain) the survey
results.// --What exactly the author meant by that statement is open to interpretation (=able to be understood or explained
in different ways) .//
2 the way in which someone performs a play, a piece of music etc and shows what they think and feel about it: --
Laurence Olivier's brilliant interpretation of Henry V//
interpretative
adj also interpretive
1 relating to, explaining, or understanding the meaning of something: --Reading is an interpretative process.//
2 relating to how feelings are expressed through music, dance, art etc: --interpretive dance//


wonder
v [I and T]
1 to think about something that you are not sure about and try to guess what is true, what will happen etc: wonder
who/what/how etc// --I wonder how James is getting on.// --What are they going to do now, I wonder ?// wonder
if/whether// --I wonder if I'll recognize Philip after all these years.// --He's been leaving work early a lot - it makes you
wonder , doesn't it?//
2 I wonder if/whether: spoken used to ask politely for something// may I// --I wonder if I might have a drink?//
3 I was wondering if/whether: a) spoken used to politely ask someone to help you// --I was wondering if I could borrow
your car?// b) used to ask someone politely if they would like to do something// --I was wondering if you'd like to come to
dinner.//
4 to feel surprised and unable to believe something: wonder about/at// --Sometimes I wonder about his behaviour.//
wonder how// --I wonder how he dares to show his face!// I don't wonder BrE (=I am not surprised) // --I don't wonder
you're tired.// I shouldn't wonder BrE (=I would not be surprised about something) // --He'll come back soon enough, I
shouldn't wonder.//
5 to doubt or question whether something is true: --'Is she serious?' 'I wonder.'// wonder if/whether// --Sometimes I
wonder if he's got any sense at all!//
wonder 2 n ----------//
1 admiration:
2 (it's) no/small/little wonder (that):
3 surprising:
4 do/work wonders:
5 wonders will never cease:
6 clever person: ----------// [Language: Old English; Origin: wundor]//
1 ADMIRATION: a) [U] a feeling of surprise and admiration for something very beautiful or new to you// awe// --The
sight of the Taj Mahal filled us with wonder.// b) [C] something that makes you feel surprise and admiration// --
technological wonders// --the Seven Wonders of the World//
2 (it's) no/small/little wonder (that): especially spoken used to say that you are not surprised by something// --No
wonder you've got a headache, the amount you drank last night.//
3 SURPRISING: it's a wonder (that)// especially spoken used to say that something is very surprising// --It's a wonder
no one got hurt.//
4 do/work wonders: to be very effective in solving a problem//
5 wonders will never cease: spoken used humorously to show you are surprised and pleased about something//
6 CLEVER PERSON: [singular] BrE someone who is good at doing difficult things// nine days wonder at nine(3)//
wonder 3 adj [only before noun] very good and effective// --a new wonder drug //
wonderful
adj
1 making you feel very happy: great// --We had a wonderful time in Spain.//
2 making you admire someone or something very much: amazing// --It's wonderful what doctors can do nowadays.//
wonderfully
adv very well or to a very great degree, in a way that makes you feel happy// --All of the performers played
wonderfully.// --a wonderfully rich sauce//


intercom
n [C] [Date: 1900-2000; Origin: intercommunication (system)]// a communication system by which people in different
parts of a building, aircraft etc can speak to each other// --The pilot's voice came over the intercom .//


endure a prolonged


grocery
n 1 groceries [plural] food and other goods that are sold by a grocer or a supermarket//
2 also grocery store : [C] AmE a supermarket//


questioning glance


etiquette
n [U] the formal rules for polite behaviour in society or in a particular group// --strict rules of professional etiquette//


commute
v [Date: 1400-1500; Language: Latin; Origin: commutare 'to exchange, change', from com- ( COM-) + mutare 'to
change']//
1 [I] to regularly travel a long distance to get to work: commute to/from/between// --Jim commutes to Manhattan every
day.//
2 commute a sentence (to sth): technical to change the punishment given to a criminal to one that is less severe// --
Baldry's 20-year prison sentence was commuted to three years.//
3 commute sth for/into sth: technical to exchange one thing, especially one kind of payment, for another// --He
commuted his pension for a lump sum.//
commute 2 n [C usually singular] the journey to work every day// --My morning commute takes 45 minutes.//
commuter
n [C] someone who travels a long distance to work every day//

concierge
n [C] [Date: 1500-1600; Language: French; Origin: Latin conservus 'fellow slave', from com- ( COM-) + servus
'slave']//
1 someone in a hotel whose job is to help guests by telling them about places to visit, restaurants to eat in etc:
2 someone who looks after a block of apartments and who checks who is going in and coming out, especially in France:

bombard
v [T] [Date: 1400-1500; Language: French; Origin: bombarder, from bombarde 'large gun', probably from Latin
bombus; BOMB1]//
1 to attack a place for a long time using large weapons, bombs etc: --I had been in action bombarding the Normandy
coast.//
2 to do something too often or too much, for example criticizing or questioning someone, or giving too much information:
--The office was bombarded by telephone calls.// bombard sb with sth// --They bombarded him with questions.// --Today
we are bombarded with advice on what to eat and what to avoid.//

railway line


sorry
adj comparative sorrier superlative sorriest // ----------//
1 sorry/I'm sorry:
2 ashamed:
3 sorry?:
4 feeling pity:
5 sad/disappointed:
6 you'll be sorry:
7 I'm sorry to say (that):
8 very bad: ----------// [Language: Old English; Origin: sarig, from sar ( SORE1); influenced by sorrow)]//
1 sorry/I'm sorry: spoken // a) used to tell someone that you wish you had not done something that has affected them
badly, hurt them etc// --I'm really sorry. I didn't mean to hurt your feelings.// --'Matt, stop doing that!' 'Sorry!'// --I'm
sorry, did I step on your foot?// sorry (that) // --I'm sorry I'm late - the traffic was terrible.// sorry/I'm sorry about// --
Sorry about the mess - I'll clean it up.// sorry for (doing) sth// --I'm sorry for making such a fuss.// -- Sorry to bother you ,
but what was the address again? see usage note excuse1 // b) used as a polite way of introducing disappointing
information or a piece of bad news// --I'm sorry, but all the flights to Athens are fully booked.// c) used when you have
said something that is not correct, and want to say something that is correct// --Turn right - sorry left - at the traffic lights.//
d) used when you refuse an offer or request// --'Are you coming to lunch?' 'Sorry, no. I've got to finish this work.'// --'I'll
give you $50 for it.' 'Sorry, no deal.'// e) used when you disagree with someone, or tell someone that they have done
something wrong// --I'm sorry, but I find that very hard to believe, Miss Brannigan.//
2 ASHAMED: [not before noun] feeling ashamed or unhappy about something bad you have done// sorry for// --She
was genuinely sorry for what she had done.// sorry (that)// --Casey was sorry he'd gotten so angry.// say (you are) sorry
(=tell someone that you feel bad about hurting them, causing problems etc) // --It was probably too late to say sorry, but
she would try anyway. see usage note regret1 //
3 sorry?: spoken especially BrE used to ask someone to repeat something that you have not heard properly// pardon//
--Sorry? What was that again?// --'Want a drink?' 'Sorry?' 'I said, would you like a drink?'//
4 FEELING PITY: be/feel sorry for sb// to feel pity or sympathy for someone because something bad has happened to
them or because they are in a bad situation// --I've got no sympathy for him, but I feel sorry for his wife.// --Tina was
sorry for her. She seemed so lonely.// feel sorry for yourself (=feel unhappy and pity yourself) // --It's no good feeling
sorry for yourself. It's all your own fault.//
5 SAD/DISAPPOINTED: [not before noun] feeling sad about a situation, and wishing it were different// sorry (that)// --
Brigid was always sorry she hadn't kept up her piano lessons.// sorry to do sth// --We were sorry to miss your concert.// --
I won't be sorry to leave this place.// sorry to hear/see/learn // --I was sorry to hear about your accident.// sorry about// --
I'm so sorry about your father (=I am sorry something bad has happened to him) .//
6 you'll be sorry: spoken used to tell someone that they will soon wish they had not done something, especially because
someone will be angry or punish them// --You'll be sorry when your dad hears about this.//
7 I'm sorry to say (that): spoken used to say that you are disappointed that something has happened// --I wrote several
times but they never replied, I'm sorry to say.//
8 VERY BAD: [only before noun] very bad, especially in a way that makes you feel pity or disapproval// --the sorry
state of the environment// --It's a sorry state of affairs when an old lady has to wait 12 hours to see a doctor.// --the sorry
sight of so many dead animals// --This whole sorry episode (=bad thing that happened) shows just how incompetent the
government has become.// better (to be) safe than sorry at safe1 (9)//


grain of rice,


fraction
n [C] [Date: 1300-1400; Language: Late Latin; Origin: fractio, from Latin fractus, past participle of frangere 'to break']//
1 a very small amount of something: fraction of// --I got these shoes at a fraction of the original price.// --She paused for
a fraction of a second.//
2 a part of a whole number in mathematics, such as [hA13E] or [hA13F]:
fractional
adj
1 very small in amount: tiny// --a fractional increase // --There was a fractional hesitation before he said yes.//
2 technical happening or done in a series of steps:
3 technical relating to fractions, in mathematics: -- fractionally adv //


mere
W3 adj superlative merest [only before noun, no comparative] // [Date: 1300-1400; Language: Latin; Origin: merus
'pure, unmixed']//
1 used to emphasize how small or unimportant something or someone is: --She lost the election by a mere 20 votes.// --
He's a mere child.// --It can't be a mere coincidence that they left at the same time.//
2 used to emphasize that something which is small or not extreme has a big effect or is important: --The merest little
noise makes him nervous.// --The mere thought of food made her feel sick.// -- The mere fact that the talks are continuing
is a positive sign.//
mere 2 n [C] [Language: Old English; Origin: 'sea, lake']// literary a lake//
merely
adv
1 used to emphasize how small or unimportant something or someone is: only// --He's merely a boy - you can't expect
him to understand.//
2 used to emphasize that nothing more than what you say is involved: just// --We're merely good friends.// --He merely
shrugged and walked away.//
3 not merely/rather than merely: used before the less important of two ideas in a sentence to emphasize the more
important idea// --It's not merely a matter of cost, but whether she's old enough to go on holiday alone.// --It's important to
write these goals down, rather than merely think about them.//


change
v ----------//
1 become different/make something different:
2 start doing/using something different:
3 replace something:
4 change your mind:
5 change sides:
6 clothes:
7 bed:
8 exchange goods:
9 exchange money:
10 trains/buses/aircraft:
11 change hands:
12 change places (with somebody):
13 gear:
14 change your tune:
15 wind:
16 change your spots: Phrasal verbs// change something around// change over// ----------// [Date: 1100-1200;
Language: Old French; Origin: changier, from Latin cambiare 'to exchange']//
1 BECOME DIFFERENT/MAKE SOMETHING DIFFERENT: [I and T] to become different, or to make something
become different// --Susan has changed a lot since I last saw her.// --Changing your eating habits is the best way to lose
weight.// --The rules are not going to change overnight (=change quickly) .// --Why do the leaves on trees change colour
in the autumn?// change (from sth) to sth// --He changed from being a nice lad to being rude and unhelpful.// change
into// --The hissing sound gradually changed into a low hum.// change sb/sth into sth// --A witch had changed him into a
mouse.// change sth to sth// --Mueller changed his name to Miller when he became a U.S. citizen.// changing
circumstances/attitudes/conditions etc // --the changing circumstances of the family// change
drastically/radically/profoundly etc // --Attitudes towards sexuality have radically changed.//
2 START DOING/USING SOMETHING DIFFERENT: [I and T] to stop doing or using one thing, and start doing or
using something else instead// switch// --She changed jobs in May.// change (from sth) to sth// --The company has
recently changed to a more powerful computer system.// --The ship changed course and headed south.// --The company
has had to change direction because of developments in technology.// --Piper awkwardly tried to change the subject (=talk
about something else) .//
3 REPLACE SOMETHING: [T] to put or use something new or different in place of something else, especially because
it is old, damaged, or broken// --Three boys were changing a tyre by the side of the road.// --When I lost my keys, we had
to change all the locks.// change sth (from sth) to sth// --The time of the meeting has been changed from 11 a.m. to
10:30.// --How often do you change cars (=buy a new car and sell the old one) ?//
4 change your mind: to change your decision, plan, or opinion about something// --Her father tried to get her to change
her mind.// change your mind about// --If you change your mind about the job, just give me a call.//
5 change sides: to leave one party, group etc and join an opposing party, group etc // --It's quite rare for politicians to
change sides.//
6 CLOTHES: a) [I and T] to take off your clothes and put on different ones// --Francis came in while Jay was
changing.// --Change your dress - that one looks dirty.// change into/out of// --Sara changed into her swimsuit and ran out
for a quick swim.// --You'd better go and get changed .// b) [T] to put a clean nappy on a baby, or to put clean clothes on
a baby or small child// --I bathed him and changed his diaper.// --Can you change the baby for me while I finish chopping
the carrots?//
7 BED: [T] to take the dirty sheets off a bed and put on clean ones//
8 EXCHANGE GOODS: [T] BrE // a) to take back to a shop something that you have bought and get something
different instead, especially because there is something wrong with it// American Equivalent: exchange// change sth for
sth// --I bought these gloves for my daughter, but they're too large. Can I change them for a smaller size?// b) to give a
customer something different instead of what they have bought, especially because there is something wrong with it//
American Equivalent: exchange// --I'm sure the shop will change them for you.//
9 EXCHANGE MONEY: [T] // a) to get smaller units of money that add up to the same value as a larger unit// --Can
you change a [hA124]20 note?// b) to get money from one country for the same value of money from another country//
change sth into/for sth// --I want to change my dollars into pesos, please.//
10 TRAINS/BUSES/AIRCRAFT: [I and T] to get off one train, bus, or aircraft and into another in order to continue
your journey// change at// --Passengers for Liverpool should change at Crewe.// change trains/buses/planes etc // --I had
to change planes in Denver.// all change! (=used to tell passengers to get off a train because it does not go any further) //
11 change hands: if property changes hands, it starts to belong to someone else// --The house has changed hands three
times in the last two years.//
12 change places (with sb): a) to give someone your place and take their place// --Would you mind changing places with
me so I can sit next to my friend?// b) to take someone else's social position or situation in life instead of yours// --She
may be rich, but I wouldn't want to change places with her.//
13 GEAR: [I and T] to put the engine of a vehicle into a higher or lower gear in order to go faster or slower// change
(into/out of) gear // --Change into second gear as you approach the corner.// change up/down// BrE // --Change down
before you get to the hill.//
14 change your tune: informal to start expressing a different attitude and reacting in a different way, after something has
happened// --The question is, will the president change his tune on taxes?//
15 WIND: [I] if the wind changes, it starts to blow in a different direction//
16 change your spots: to change your character completely// --US business has changed its spots in recent years.//
chop and change at chop1 (3)// change around [change sth around] phr v// to move things into different positions// --
When we'd changed the furniture around, the room looked quite different.// change over phr v// to stop doing or using one
thing and start doing or using another// --Complete all the exercises on one leg, then change over.// change over to// --We
hope to change over to the new software by next month.// ----------// WORD FOCUS: change // to change something:
alter, adapt, adjust, amend, modify, revise, vary // to change a system or organization: restructure, reorganize, reform
// to change something completely: transform, revolutionize // to change facts or information, or change what someone
has said: twist, distort, misrepresent // easily changed: flexible, adaptable // impossible to change: fixed, final,
irrevocable // ----------//
change 2 n ----------//
1 things becoming different:
2 from one thing to another:
3 pleasant new situation:
4 money:
5 small change:
6 change of clothes/underwear etc:
7 train/bus/aircraft:
8 get no change out of somebody: ----------//
1 THINGS BECOMING DIFFERENT: [U and C] the process or result of something or someone becoming different// --
Many people find it hard to cope with change.// --scientists worried about climatic change// change in// --changes in the
immigration laws// --A change in personality may mean your teenager has a drug problem.// change of// --a change of
temperature// --No major changes were made to the book.// change for the better/worse (=a change that makes a situation
better or worse) // --There was a change for the better in the patient's condition.// social/political/economic etc change // -
-the sweeping political changes after the fall of communism// --She had a change of heart (=change in attitude) and
decided to stay.// --Family life has undergone dramatic change in recent years.//
2 FROM ONE THING TO ANOTHER: [C] the fact of one thing or person being replaced by another// --The car needs
an oil change.// change of// --a change of government// --a change of address// change from sth to sth// --the gradual
change from grasslands to true desert// --The government has made some major policy changes .//
3 PLEASANT NEW SITUATION: [singular] a situation or experience that is different from what happened before, and
is usually interesting or enjoyable// change from// --The morning was cool; a welcome change from the heat of the day
before.// for a change// --How about dinner out for a change?// it/that makes a change (=used to say that something is
better than and different from usual) // --'Ron's buying the drinks.' 'That makes a change.'// change of scene/air/pace etc
(=when you go to a different place or do something different) // --The patients benefit greatly from a change of scenery.//
4 MONEY: [U] // a) the money that you get back when you have paid for something with more money than it costs// --
Here's your change, sir.// make change AmE (=give someone change) // --Andy was making change for a customer.// b)
money in the form of coins, not paper money// in change// --I have about a dollar in change.// --Matt emptied the loose
change from his pockets.// --A beggar asked for some spare change (=coins that you do not need) .// c) coins or paper
money that you give in exchange for the same amount of money in a larger unit// change for [hA124]1/$10 // --Excuse
me, have you got change for a pound?// make change AmE (=give someone change) // --Can you make change for
$20?//
5 small change: a) coins you have that do not have a high value// --I only had about a pound in small change.// b) used
to emphasize that something is a small amount of money when it is compared to a larger amount// --The program costs
$20 million a year, small change by Washington standards.//
6 change of clothes/underwear etc: an additional set of clothes that you have with you, for example when you are
travelling//
7 TRAIN/BUS/AIRCRAFT: [C] a situation in which you get off one train, bus, or aircraft and get on another in order to
continue your journey// --Even with a change of trains, the subway is quicker than a cab at rush hour.//
8 get no change out of sb: BrE spoken to get no useful information or help from someone// --I wouldn't bother asking
Richard - you'll get no change out of him.// ring the changes at ring2 (6)//


anguish
n [U] written [Date: 1100-1200; Language: Old French; Origin: angoisse, from Latin angustiae 'extreme upset', from
angustus 'narrow']// mental or physical suffering caused by extreme pain or worry// --the anguish of not knowing what
had happened to her// -- anguished adj // --an anguished cry for help//

rumble
v [Date: 1300-1400; Origin: Probably from early Dutch rommelen, from the sound]//
1 [I] to make a series of long low sounds, especially a long distance away from you: --We could hear thunder rumbling in
the distance.//
2 [I always + adverb/preposition] to move slowly along while making a series of long low sounds: --We watched the
tanks rumbling past the window.//
3 [I] if your stomach rumbles, it makes a noise, especially because you are hungry:
4 [T] BrE informal to find out what someone is secretly intending to do: --How did you rumble them?//
5 [I and T] AmE old-fashioned to fight with someone: rumble on phr v// if a disagreement rumbles on, it continues for
a long time// --The row about pay is still rumbling on.//
rumble 2 n [singular] a series of long low sounds// rumble of// --the low rumble of traffic in the distance// --the distant
rumble of gunfire//
rumbling
n
1 rumblings [plural] remarks that show that people are starting to become annoyed, or that a difficult situation is
developing: --rumblings of discontent// --There have been rumblings about the need for better computers.//
2 [C usually singular] a series of long low sounds: --We heard a rumbling behind us.//


draft
W3S2 n [C] ----------//
1 piece of writing:
2 military:
3 money:
4 sports:
5 cold air/beer: ----------// [Date: 1500-1600; Origin: DRAUGHT1]//
1 PIECE OF WRITING: a piece of writing or a plan that is not yet in its finished form// --the rough draft of his new
novel// --I read the first draft and thought it was very good.// --All parties eventually approved the final draft (=finished
form) of the peace treaty.//
2 MILITARY: the draft// AmE // a) a system in which people are ordered to join the army, navy etc, especially during
a war// conscription// b) the group of people who are ordered to do this//
3 MONEY: especially BrE a written order for money to be paid by a bank, especially from one bank to another//
4 SPORTS: AmE a system in which professional teams choose players from colleges to join their teams//
5 COLD AIR/BEER: the American spelling of draught//
draft 2 v [T] ----------//
1 piece of writing:
2 military:
3 sports: Phrasal verbs// draft somebody in// ----------//
1 PIECE OF WRITING: to write a plan, letter, report etc that will need to be changed before it is in its finished form// --
Eva's busy drafting her speech for the conference.//
2 MILITARY: [usually passive] to order someone to join the army, navy etc, especially during a war// conscript// be
drafted into sth// --My dad was eighteen when he got drafted into the army.//
3 SPORTS: AmE to choose a college player to join a professional team// --Craigwell was drafted by the Chicago
Blackhawks.// draft in [draft sb in] phr v// to ask or order someone to work in a place where they do not normally
work// --Extra staff were drafted in to deal with the Christmas rush.// --Hundreds of police have been drafted into the
area.//
draft 3 adj
1 draft proposal/copy/version etc: a piece of writing that is not yet in its finished form//
2 the American spelling of draught:


flagged

prefecture
n [C] a large area which has its own local government in some countries// --Saitama prefecture//



queer
adj [Date: 1500-1600; Origin: Perhaps from German quer 'going across']//
1 taboo an offensive word used to describe someone who is homosexual, especially a man. Do not use this word.:
2 old-fashioned strange or difficult to explain: --She gave a queer laugh.// --Hank was beginning to feel a little queer.//
3 queer in the head: old-fashioned slightly crazy// -- queerly adv // --Sue looked at him queerly.//
queer 2 n [C] taboo an offensive word for a homosexual person, especially a man. Do not use this word.//
queer 3 v queer sb's pitch/queer the pitch for sb// BrE informal to make it difficult for someone to do something that
they had planned to do//


itch
v [Language: Old English; Origin: giccan]//
1 [I and T] if part of your body or your clothes itch, you have an unpleasant feeling on your skin that makes you want to
rub it with your nails: scratch// --My feet were itching terribly.// --The label on this shirt itches me.//
2 be itching to do sth: be itching for sth // informal to want to do something very much and as soon as possible// --He
was itching for a fight.//
itch 2 n
1 [singular] an uncomfortable feeling on your skin that makes you want to rub it with your nails: --Scratch my back - I
have an itch .//
2 informal a strong desire to do or have something: itch for// --an itch for adventure//
itchy
adj comparative itchier superlative itchiest //
1 if part of your body is itchy, it feels slightly unpleasant and you want to rub it with your nails: --My eyes sometimes get
red and itchy in the summer.// --an itchy rash//
2 if clothes are itchy, they make your skin feel slightly unpleasant, so that you want to rub your skin with your nails:
scratchy// --These tights are all itchy.//
3 wanting to go somewhere new or do something different: --He's had that job now for about eight years, and he's starting
to get itchy .// --I've only been back home for a few months and I've already got itchy feet (=the desire to go somewhere
new) .//
4 itchy fingers: informal someone with itchy fingers is likely to steal things// --I tucked the bills deep into my pocket,
away from itchy fingers.// -- itchiness n [U] //



companion
W3 n [C] [Date: 1200-1300; Language: Old French; Origin: compagnon, from Late Latin companio, from Latin com- (
COM-) + panis 'bread, food']//
1 someone you spend a lot of time with, especially a friend: --For ten years he had been her constant companion .// --His
dog became his closest companion .// --a travelling companion // dinner/drinking companion //
2 one of a pair of things that go together or can be used together: companion to// --This book is a companion to Professor
Farrer's first work.// companion volume/piece etc // --The Encyclopedia of Gardening is a companion volume to the
Encyclopedia of Plants and Flowers.//
3 used in the titles of books about a particular subject: --A Companion to Japanese Literature//
4 someone, especially a woman, who is paid to live or travel with an older person:


fool
n ----------//
1 stupid person:
2 make a fool of yourself:
3 make a fool of somebody:
4 any fool can do something:
5 be no/nobody's fool:
6 gooseberry/strawberry etc fool:
7 more fool you/him etc:
8 not suffer fools gladly:
9 be living in a fool's paradise:
10 play/act the fool:
11 (send somebody on) a fool's errand:
12 fools rush in (where angels fear to tread):
13 a fool and his money are soon parted:
14 entertainer: ----------// [Date: 1200-1300; Language: Old French; Origin: fol, from Latin follis 'bag for blowing air']//
1 STUPID PERSON: [C] a stupid person or someone who has done something stupid// idiot// -- What a fool she had
been to think that he would stay.// -- Like a fool , I accepted straight away.// --You silly old fool !//
2 make a fool of yourself: to do something stupid that you feel embarrassed about afterwards and that makes you seem
silly// --Sorry I made such a fool of myself last night. I must have been drunk.//
3 make a fool of sb: to deliberately do something to make someone else seem stupid// --I suddenly realised that I was
being made a fool of.//
4 any fool can do sth: spoken used to say that it is very easy to do something or to see that something is true// --Any
fool could have seen what would happen.//
5 be no/nobody's fool: to be difficult to trick or deceive, because you have a lot of experience and knowledge about
something// --Katherine was nobody's fool when it came to money.//
6 gooseberry/strawberry etc fool: BrE a sweet food made of soft cooked fruit mixed with cream//
7 more fool you/him etc: BrE spoken used to say that you think someone was stupid to do something, and it is their
own fault if this causes trouble// --'Jim smashed up my car.' ' More fool you for letting him borrow it!'//
8 not suffer fools gladly: if you say that someone doesn't suffer fools gladly, they do not have any patience with people
who they think are stupid//
9 be living in a fool's paradise: to feel happy and satisfied, and believe there are no problems, when in fact this is not
true//
10 play/act the fool: to behave in a silly way, especially in order to make people laugh// --Stop playing the fool! You'll
fall.//
11 (send sb on) a fool's errand: to make someone go somewhere or do something for no good reason//
12 fools rush in (where angels fear to tread): used to say that people are stupid if they do something immediately without
thinking about it first//
13 a fool and his money are soon parted: used to say that stupid people spend money quickly without thinking about it//
14 ENTERTAINER: [C] a man whose job was to entertain a king or other powerful person in the past, by doing tricks,
singing funny songs etc// jester// April fool//
fool 2 v
1 [T] to trick someone into believing something that is not true: --Even art experts were fooled.// you don't/can't fool me
// --You can't fool me with that old excuse.// be fooled by sth// --Don't be fooled by appearances.// fool sb into doing
sth// --I was fooled into believing their promises.//
2 fool yourself: to try to make yourself believe something that you know is not really true// --It's no good fooling
yourself. He's not coming back.//
3 you could have fooled me: spoken used to show that you do not believe what someone has told you// --'Look, we're
doing our best to fix it.' 'Well, you could have fooled me.'//
4 sb is just fooling: spoken used to say that someone is not serious and is only pretending that something is true//
somebody is just kidding// --Don't pay any attention to Henry. He's just fooling.// fool around phr v//
1 to waste time behaving in a silly way or doing things that are not important: mess around// --He always used to fool
around in class.//
2 to behave in a way which is careless and not responsible: mess around// fool around with// --Some idiot's been fooling
around with the electricity supply!//
3 AmE to spend time doing something that you enjoy, but that does not have a particular purpose: mess around// --The
boys were out in the yard, just fooling around.//
4 to have a sexual relationship with someone else's wife, boyfriend etc: mess around// --She found out that he'd been
fooling around behind her back.// fool with [fool with sth] phr v//
1 to touch or play with something, especially when you should not: mess with something// --Who's been fooling with
the radio dial?//
2 to become involved in something which could cause damage or be dangerous: mess with something//
fool 3 adj [only before noun] AmE informal silly or stupid// foolish// --What did you say a fool thing like that for?//
foolhardy
adj taking stupid and unnecessary risks// reckless// --a foolhardy attempt to capture more territory// -- foolhardiness n
[U] //
foolish
adj
1 a foolish action, remark etc is stupid and shows that someone is not thinking sensibly: silly// --I've never heard
anything so foolish in all my life.// -- It would be foolish to ignore his advice.// be foolish enough to do sth// --I was
foolish enough to believe him.//
2 a foolish person behaves in a silly way or looks silly: stupid// --I was young and foolish at the time.// --a foolish grin//
look/feel foolish // --He'd been made to look foolish.// -- foolishly adv // --She foolishly agreed to go with them.// --
foolishness n [U] //
foolproof
adj a foolproof method, plan, system etc is certain to be successful// infallible// --a foolproof way of preventing credit
card fraud//


like a hen clucking away


infatuated
adj [Date: 1500-1600; Language: Latin; Origin: , past participle of infatuare, from fatuus; FATUOUS]// having strong
feelings of love for someone or a strong interest in something that makes you unable to think in a sensible way// infatuated
with// --John had become infatuated with the French teacher.// --My mother's infatuated with dieting.//
infatuation
n [U and C] a strong feeling of love for someone or interest in something, especially a feeling that is unreasonable and
does not continue for a long time// infatuation with// --the current infatuation with '70s style// --Shaw's infatuation with
the actress is evident in his writing.//


charisma
n [U] [Date: 1600-1700; Language: Greek; Origin: 'favor, gift', from charizesthai 'to favor']// a natural ability to attract
and interest other people and make them admire you// --He lacks charisma.//
charismatic
adj
1 having charisma: --Martin Luther King was a very charismatic speaker.//
2 charismatic church/movement: groups of Christians who believe that God can give them special abilities, for example
the ability to cure illness//


granted

I was overusing the word "unbelievable" so much now that I needed a thesaurus.


descend
v [Date: 1300-1400; Language: Old French; Origin: descendre, from Latin scandere 'to climb']//
1 [I and T] formal to move from a higher level to a lower one: ascend// --Our plane started to descend.// --I heard his
footsteps descending the stairs.// descend to/from/into etc// --The path continues for some way before descending to
Garsdale Head.//
2 [I] literary if darkness, silence, a feeling etc descends, it becomes dark etc or you start to feel something, especially
suddenly: descend on/upon/over// --Total silence descended on the room.// --An air of gloom descended over the party
headquarters.//
3 in descending order (of sth): numbers, choices etc that are in descending order are arranged from the highest or most
important to the lowest or least important// --The hotels are listed in descending order of price.// descend from / [descend
from sb/sth] phr v//
1 be descended from sb: to be related to a person or group who lived a long time ago// --She claims to be descended
from Abraham Lincoln.// --The people here are descended from the Vikings.//
2 to have developed from something that existed in the past: --ideas that descend from those of ancient philosophers//
descend on/upon / [descend on/upon sb/sth] phr v// if a large number of people descend on a person or a place, they come
to visit or stay, especially when they are not very welcome// --Millions of tourists descend on the area every year.//
descend to [descend to sth] phr v// to behave or speak in an unpleasant way, which is not the way you usually behave// --
Surely he wouldn't descend to such a mean trick?// descend to sb's level (=behave or speak as badly as someone else) // --
Other people may gossip, but don't descend to their level.// ----------// HINT sense 1 // It is more usual to say go down or
come down . // ----------//


cognitive
dissonance.



glad
W3S2 adj [no comparative] [Language: Old English; Origin: gl[zB024]d 'bright, shining, happy']//
1 [not before noun] pleased and happy about something: glad (that)// --I'm really glad I don't have to go back there
again.// --We're so glad you came.// glad to do sth// --I am glad to be back home.// glad to see/hear etc // --I'm glad to
see you looking so well.// --'I've decided to accept the job.' 'I'm glad.'// glad when// --I'll be glad when the war is over.//
glad about// --She wasn't leaving after all. He was glad about that.// glad for// --'Jamie's been accepted for medical
school!' 'I'm so glad for him.'// gladly//
2 be glad of sth: to be grateful for something// --Thanks Marge, I'll be glad of the help.// be glad of an
opportunity/chance/excuse to do sth // --They were glad of the chance to finally get some sleep.// --It was cold outside,
and she was glad of her coat.//
3 be glad to (do sth): to be very willing and eager to do something// --We will be glad to send you any information you
may need.// --I'm sure he'd be only too glad to (=extremely willing to) help you.// --'Would you give me a hand?' ' I'd be
glad to .'//
4 I would be glad if: formal used in formal situations or letters to ask someone to do something for you// --I'd be glad if
you'd let me know when the funeral is.//
5 glad tidings/news: old-fashioned good news//
6 give sb the glad eye: BrE old-fashioned to look at someone in a way that shows you are sexually attracted to them//
7 glad rags: old-fashioned informal your best clothes that you wear for special occasions// -- gladness n [U] // glad-
hand//



accuse
W3 v [T] [Date: 1400-1500; Language: Old French; Origin: acuser, from Latin accusare 'to call someone to explain
their actions', from ad- 'to' + causa 'lawsuit, cause']// to say that you believe someone is guilty of a crime or of doing
something bad// accuse sb of (doing) sth// --He was accused of murder.// --Smith accused her of lying.// --The professor
stands accused of (=has been accused of) stealing his student's ideas and publishing them.// -- accuser n [C] //
accusation
n [C] a statement saying that someone is guilty of a crime or of doing something wrong// accusation against// --A
number of serious accusations have been made against her.// --The main accusation levelled against him was that he
tried to avoid military service.// accusation of// --His administration now faces accusations of corruption.// accusation
that// --The organizers of the march strongly denied government accusations that they intended to cause trouble.// --
Burton's enemies had made false accusations against him.// --She's made all sorts of wild accusations against me in the
past.// --They fled the country, amid accusations of corruption.// ----------// COLLOCATES for sense 1 // make an
accusation (against somebody) // bring/level an accusation (against somebody) (=make an accusation) // face an
accusation (=have an accusation made against you) // deny an accusation // serious accusation // false accusation // wild
accusations // amid accusations of/that (=when people are making accusations) // ----------//


unconvincing
adj failing to make you believe that something is true or real// --an unconvincing smile// --an unconvincing explanation//
--Some readers will find the arguments unconvincing.// -- unconvincingly adv //


gloomy
adj comparative gloomier superlative gloomiest //
1 making you feel that things will not improve: depressing// --The report paints a gloomy picture of the economy.//
2 sad because you think the situation will not improve: depressed// --Anne dismissed these gloomy thoughts from her
mind.//
3 dark, especially in a way that makes you feel sad: --It was a gloomy room with one small window.// -- gloomily adv //
gloom
n [singular, U]
1 literary almost complete darkness: --He peered into the gathering (=increasing) gloom.//
2 a feeling of great sadness and lack of hope: --a time of high unemployment and economic gloom// doom and gloom at
doom2 //

flawless




intersection


bustle
preposition] [Date: 1500-1600; Origin: Probably from buskle 'to prepare' (16-17 centuries), from busk 'to get ready,
prepare' (13-21 centuries), from Old Norse buask 'to prepare yourself']// to move around quickly, looking very busy//
bustle about/round etc// --Madge bustled round the room, putting things away.//
bustle 2 n [Sense: 1; Date: 1600-1700; Origin: BUSTLE1]// [Sense: 2; Date: 1700-1800; Origin: Origin unknown]//
1 [singular] busy and usually noisy activity: bustle of// --a continual bustle of people coming and going// hustle and
bustle at hustle2 (1)//
2 [C] a frame worn by women in the past to hold out the back of their skirts:
bustling
adj a bustling place is very busy// bustling with sb/sth// --The flower market was bustling with shoppers.//


gap

elastic
n [U] a type of rubber material that can stretch and then return to its usual length or size// --The ball was attached to the
bat with a piece of elastic .//
elastic 2 adj [Date: 1600-1700; Language: Modern Latin; Origin: elasticus, from Late Greek elastos 'able to change
shape']//
1 made of elastic: --an elastic cord//
2 a material that is elastic can stretch and then go back to its usual length or size: --the horny elastic pad in a horse's
hoof//
3 a system or plan that is elastic can change or be changed easily: --Demand for this type of holiday will probably be
fairly elastic.//
4 AmE if a piece of clothing is elastic, it is made with material that can stretch: --children's pants with an elastic waist//
elasticity
n [U]
1 the ability of something to stretch and go back to its usual length or size: --the skin's natural elasticity//
2 elasticity of demand: technical the degree to which a change in the price of something leads to a change in the amount
of it that is sold//
elasticated
adj BrE if a piece of clothing is elasticated, it is made with material that can stretch// --skirts with elasticated waists//

mental
adj [Date: 1400-1500; Language: French; Origin: Late Latin mentalis, from Latin mens 'mind']//
1 [only before noun] relating to the health or state of someone's mind: psychiatric// --The centre provides help for
people suffering from mental illness. // --Stress has an effect on both your physical and mental health. //
2 [only before noun] relating to the mind and thinking, or happening only in the mind: --a child's mental development// -
-You need to develop a positive mental attitude. // mental picture/image (=a picture that you form in your mind) // --I tried
to get a mental picture of him from her description.//
3 make a mental note: to make a special effort to remember something// --Sarah made a mental note to ask Janine about
it later.//
4 mental block: a difficulty in remembering something or in understanding something// --I got a complete mental block
as soon as the interviewer asked me a question.//
5 go mental: BrE spoken informal // a) to get very angry// b) to start behaving in an uncontrolled or excited way//
6 [not before noun] BrE informal thinking or behaving in a way that seems crazy or strange: --He must be mental!// --
mentally adv // --She's obviously mentally ill .//
mentality
n plural mentalities [C] // a particular attitude or way of thinking, especially one that you think is wrong or stupid// --a
get-rich-quick mentality// --I can't understand the mentality of the people who are behind this kind of violence.//


blister
n [C] [Date: 1300-1400; Language: Old French; Origin: blestre, blostre 'swelling on the skin', from Middle Dutch
bluyster 'blister']//
1 a swelling on your skin containing clear liquid, caused for example by a burn or continuous rubbing: --New shoes
always give me blisters.//
2 a swelling on the surface of metal, rubber, painted wood etc:
blister 2 v [I and T] to develop blisters or make blisters form// --The paint will blister in the heat.// -- blistered adj // --
My hands were blistered from all the digging.//
blistering
adj
1 extremely hot: blazing// --the blistering heat of the desert//
2 blistering attack/criticism etc: very critical remarks expressing anger and disapproval// --She launched into a blistering
attack on her boss.//
3 used to describe actions in sport which are very fast or forceful: --Schumacher set a blistering pace from the start.// --
blisteringly adv // --a blisteringly hot day//

tremor
n [C] [Date: 1300-1400; Language: Old French; Origin: tremour, from Latin tremor, from tremere; TREMBLE]//
1 a small earthquake in which the ground shakes slightly: --an earth tremor//
2 a slight shaking movement in your body that you cannot control, especially because you are ill, weak, or upset:
tremulous
adj literary [Date: 1600-1700; Language: Latin; Origin: tremulus; TREMBLE]// shaking slightly, especially because
you are nervous// --a tremulous voice// -- tremulously adv //


cure
n [C] [Date: 1200-1300; Language: Old French; Origin: Latin cura 'care']//
1 a medicine or medical treatment that makes an illness go away: cure for// --There is still no cure for AIDS.//
2 something that solves a problem, or improves a bad situation: solution// cure for// --There is no easy cure for
loneliness.//
3 the act of making someone well again after an illness: --The new treatment effected a miraculous cure.//
cure 2 v [T] [Date: 1300-1400; Language: Old French; Origin: curer, from Latin curare 'to take care of, cure', from cura;
CURE1]//
1 to make an illness or medical condition go away: --Many types of cancer can now be cured.// --an operation that can
cure short-sightedness in 15 minutes//
2 to make someone well again after they have been ill: heal// --She had some acupuncture treatment which seems to
have cured her.// cure sb of sth// --90% of patients can be cured of the disease.//
3 to solve a problem, or improve a bad situation: --Attempts to cure unemployment have so far failed.//
4 cure sb of sth: to make someone stop behaving in a particular way or stop them having a particular feeling or attitude//
--Nothing could cure her of her impatience with Anna.//
5 to preserve food, tobacco etc by drying it, hanging it in smoke, or covering it with salt: --cured ham//




freak
n [C] [Date: 1500-1600; Origin: Perhaps from Old English frician 'to dance']//
1 informal someone who is extremely interested in a particular subject so that other people think they are strange or
unusual: --a fitness freak // --a religious freak // --a computer freak //
2 someone who is considered to be very strange because of the way they look, behave, or think: weirdo// --These
glasses make me look like a freak.// --Women who studied engineering used to be considered freaks.//
3 a control freak: someone who always wants to control situations and other people//
4 also freak of nature : something in nature that is very unusual// --Due to some freak of nature, it snowed in June.//
5 an unexpected and very unusual event: --By some freak of fate, he walked away from the crash completely unhurt.// --
April's sales figures were a freak.//
freak 2 adj [only before noun] unexpected and very unusual// --a freak result // --He was crushed to death in a freak
accident .// freak wind/wave/storm etc // --The men drowned when a freak wave sank their boat.//
freak 3 v [I] informal to become suddenly angry or afraid, especially so that you cannot control your behaviour// flip// -
-When Ben heard about the accident, he just freaked.// freak out phr v// to become very anxious, upset or afraid, or make
someone very anxious, upset or afraid// --People just freaked out when they heard the news.// freak sb out// --The
whole idea freaked me out.//
freakish
adj very unusual and strange, and sometimes frightening// weird// --freakish weather// -- freakishly adv // --
freakishness n [U] //
freaky
adj spoken strange or unusual and a bit frightening// weird// --The movie was kind of freaky.//



shade
n ----------//
1 out of sunlight:
2 for blocking light:
3 shades:
4 in a picture:
5 colour:
6 shade of meaning/opinion/feeling etc:
7 a shade:
8 shades of somebody/something:
9 put somebody/something in the shade:
10 have it made in the shade: ----------// [Language: Old English; Origin: sceadu]//
1 OUT OF SUNLIGHT: [U] slight darkness or shelter from the direct light of the sun made by something blocking it// -
-a plant that needs a lot of shade// in the shade (of sth)// --Let's find a table in the shade.// --She was sitting in the shade of
a large oak tree.// --The temperature was over 90 degrees in the shade. see usage note shadow1 //
2 FOR BLOCKING LIGHT: [C] // a) something you use to reduce or block light// --The shade on the lamp was slightly
crooked.//
3 shades [plural] informal sunglasses:
4 IN A PICTURE: [U] the dark places in a picture// --strong contrasts of light and shade//
5 COLOUR: [C] a particular type of red, green, blue etc// shade of// --a bright shade of pink//
6 shade of meaning/opinion/feeling etc: a meaning etc that is slightly different from other ones// nuance// --There is
room in the Democratic party for many shades of opinion.//
7 a shade: formal very slightly// a shade too big/hot/fast etc // --Matt's clothes were just a shade too big for me.// a
shade better/quicker/faster etc // --The results were a shade better than we expected.// a shade over/under/above etc// --
She was a shade under five feet tall.//
8 shades of sb/sth: used to say that someone or something reminds you of another person or thing// --The food was
horrible, (shades of school dinners).//
9 put sb/sth in the shade: to be so good or impressive that other similar things or people seem much less important or
interesting// --They're planning a festival that will put all the others in the shade.//
10 have it made in the shade: AmE informal to be extremely rich - used humorously//
shade 2 v [T]
1 to protect something from direct light: --Shading her eyes, Anita scanned the horizon.//
2 also shade in sth : to make part of a picture or drawing darker// --She shaded in the circles in the last two letters.//
shade into [shade into sth] phr v// if one thing shades into another, it is difficult to know where one stops and another
starts// --His impatience shaded into anger.//


perceive
W3 v [T not in progressive] [Date: 1200-1300; Language: Old French; Origin: perceivre, from Latin percipere]//
1 written to understand or think of something or someone in a particular way: perception// perceive sth/sb as sth// --
Even as a young woman she had been perceived as a future chief executive.// perceive sth/sb to be sth// --Often what is
perceived to be aggression is simply fear.// --Children who do badly in school tests often perceive themselves to be
failures.//
2 formal to notice, see, or recognize something: perceptive// --That morning, he perceived a change in Franca's mood.//
--Cats are not able to perceive colour.// perceive that// --He perceived that there was no other way out of the crisis.//


deafen
v [T usually passive]
1 if a noise deafens you, it is so loud that you cannot hear anything else:
2 to make someone go deaf:
deafening
adj
1 very loud: --a deafening roar//
2 deafening silence: a complete silence, when it is uncomfortable or you are expecting someone to say something//



manifest
v [T] formal
1 to show a feeling, attitude etc: --The shareholders have manifested their intention to sell the shares.// manifest sth
in/as/through sth// --A dog's protective instincts are manifested in increased alertness.//
2 manifest itself: to appear or to become easy to see// --His illness began to manifest itself at around this time.//
manifest 2 adj formal [Date: 1300-1400; Language: Latin; Origin: manifestus 'seized by the hand']// plain and easy to
see// obvious, patent// --a manifest error of judgment// be made/become manifest (=be clearly shown) // --Their devotion
to God is made manifest in ritual prayer.// -- manifestly adv // --a manifestly unfair system//
manifest 3 n [C] a list of passengers or goods carried on a ship, plane or train// --the ship's cargo manifest//
manifestation
n formal
1 [C] a very clear sign that a particular situation or feeling exists: manifestation of// --These latest riots are a clear
manifestation of growing discontent.//
2 [U and C] the act of appearing or becoming clear: manifestation of// --Manifestation of the disease often doesn't occur
until middle age.//


wreak

sesame

sustained


masterless

disintegrated

mosaic


melting

severed

fleas

torso


obstacles


pretentiously


hatching bird


spider web


As Koizumi finished his explanation, the large cracks now covered the world ahead, like being
covered in a metallic net. The net margins started to narrow until they became as small as black
curvy lines. Then, at this moment, crack!
Actually, I didn't really hear any sound. It was just my brain trying to simulate the sound of glass
cracking. A light penetrated from a spot in the sky, and then spread out in all directions in a
sphere. I felt the light shower downwards. No, that's not the right wording: it was more like the
opening of the retractable roof of the Tokyo Dome stadium, all within a few seconds. The
difference is that this roof covered all the buildings under it.


The world seemed grateful at the reception of such warmth and left long shadows behind.








tend
v [Sense: 1, 3, 5; Date: 1300-1400; Language: Old French; Origin: tendre 'to stretch', from Latin tendere]// [Sense: 2, 4;
Date: 1100-1200; Origin: attend]//
1 tend to do sth: if something tends to happen, it happens often and is likely to happen again// --People tend to need less
sleep as they get older.// --My car tends to overheat in the summer.//
2 also tend to sb/sth : [T] old-fashioned to look after someone or something// --Sofia was in the bedroom tending to her
son.//
3 tend towards sth: to have one particular quality or feature more than others// --Charles tends towards obesity.//
4 tend bar: especially AmE to work as a bartender//
5 [I always + adverb/preposition] formal to move or develop in a particular direction: tend upwards/downwards// --
Interest rates are tending upwards.//
tendency
W3S3 n plural tendencies [C] // [Date: 1600-1700; Language: Medieval Latin; Origin: tendentia, from Latin tendere;
TEND]//
1 if someone or something has a tendency to do or become a particular thing, they are likely to do or become it: a
tendency to do sth// --Greg's tendency to be critical made him unpopular with his co-workers.// --The drug is effective but
has a tendency to cause headaches.// tendency to/towards// --Some people may inherit a tendency to alcoholism.//
tendency for// --Researchers believe that the tendency for diabetes is present at birth.//
2 a general change or development in a particular direction: there is a tendency (for sb) to do sth// --There is an
increasing tendency for women to have children later in life.// tendency to/towards// --a general tendency towards
conservation and recycling// tendency among// --a tendency among Americans to get married at a later age//
3 aggressive/suicidal/criminal/artistic etc tendencies: a part of someone's character that makes them likely to behave in a
certain way or become an artist, criminal etc// --children with aggressive or anti-social tendencies//
4 [also + plural verb British English] a group within a larger political group that supports ideas that are usually more
extreme than those of the main group: --the growing fascist tendency//
tendentious
adj formal [Date: 1900-2000; Origin: tendency]// a tendentious speech, remark, book etc expresses a strong opinion that
is intended to influence people//


revolve
v [I and T] [Date: 1300-1400; Language: Latin; Origin: revolvere 'to roll back, cause to return', from volvere 'to roll']//
to move around like a wheel, or to make something move around like a wheel// revolution, turn// --The wheel began to
revolve.// --The restaurant slowly revolves, giving excellent views of the city.// --Using graphics software, you can
revolve the image on the screen.// revolve around / [revolve around sb/sth] phr v//
1 [not in progressive] to have something as a main subject or purpose: --Jane's life revolves around her children.// --The
argument revolved around costs.// --She seems to think that the world revolves around her (=that she is the only important
person) .//
2 to move in circles around something: --The moon revolves around the Earth.//
revolving
adj a revolving object is designed so that it turns with a circular movement// --The theatre has a revolving stage.//

hellish
adj informal extremely bad or difficult// --I've had a hellish day at work.// -- hellishly adv // --a hellishly difficult
exam//



well-prepared hairdo



sincerity

anemia

barge
n [Date: 1200-1300; Language: Old French; Origin: Late Latin barca; BARQUE]// [C] a large low boat with a flat
bottom, used for carrying goods on a canal or river//
barge 2 v [I always + adverb/preposition] to move somewhere in a rough careless way, often hitting against things//
push// --She ran outside, barging past bushes and shrubs.// barge your way through/to etc sth// --She barged her way
through the shopping crowds.// barge in phr v// to enter somewhere rudely, or to rudely interrupt someone// --At that
moment, George barged into my office without knocking.// barge in on// --'Sorry to barge in on your cosy evening,' James
said.//




unsociable

notch.


immune
adj [Date: 1800-1900; Language: Latin; Origin: immunis, from munis 'ready for service']//
1 [not before noun] someone who is immune to a particular disease cannot catch it: --Once we've had the disease, we're
immune for life.//
2 immune response/reaction: the reaction of the body's immune system to something that is harmful// --HIV is a
progressive disease which the immune response ultimately fails to control.//
3 [not before noun] not affected by something that happens or is done: immune to// --The Labour Party is not immune to
new ideas.//
4 [not before noun] specially protected from something unpleasant: immune from// --The senior members of the group
appeared to be immune from arrest.//
immunity
n [U]
1 the state or right of being protected from particular laws or from unpleasant things: immunity from// --They were
granted immunity from prosecution.//
2 the state of being immune to a disease: immunity to// --immunity to infection// immunity from// --immunity from
smallpox//
immunize
also immunise BrE v [T] to protect someone from a particular illness by giving them a vaccine// vaccinate, inoculate//
immunize sb against sth// --There is still no vaccine to immunize people against the virus.// --
immunization/[hA366]mj[hA36A]na[hA366]ze[hA366][hA35D][hA368]n $ -n[hA353]-/ n [U and C] //


In such hot weather, even Haruhi could only lie exhausted on her desk, looking sorrowfully at
the hills in the distance.


pompous and articulate aura


flip
v past tense and past participle flipped present participle flipping // ----------//
1 move:
2 turn in the air:
3 angry:
4 turn a switch:
5 turn pages:
6 flip your lid: Phrasal verbs// flip somebody off// ----------// [Date: 1500-1600; Origin: Probably from the sound]//
1 MOVE: [I,T always + adverb/preposition] to move something with a quick sudden movement so that it is in a different
position// --He flipped the top off the bottle and poured himself a drink.// --She flipped the lid of the box open and looked
inside.// flip over// --He flipped the paper over and started writing on the back.//
2 TURN IN THE AIR: [T] to make a flat object such as a coin go upwards and turn over in the air// toss// --We flipped
a coin to see who would go first.// --There's quite an art to flipping pancakes.//
3 ANGRY: [I] informal to suddenly become very angry or upset// lose it// --I just flipped and started shouting.//
4 TURN A SWITCH: [T] to move a switch so that a machine or piece of electrical equipment starts or stops// flick// --
Anna flipped the switch that opened the front gate.// flip sth on/off// --Josie flipped on the radio.//
5 TURN PAGES: [I and T] to turn the pages of a book or newspaper quickly, especially because you are looking for
something// --He picked up the newspaper and flipped straight to the sports pages.// flip through// --I flipped through my
address book but couldn't find her phone number.//
6 flip your lid: informal to suddenly become very angry// go crazy// --Mom flipped her lid when she found out I was
pregnant.// flip off [flip sb off] phr v// also flip sb the bird // to make a rude sign at someone by lifting up your middle
finger and keeping your other fingers down//
flip 2 n [C] [Date: 1900-2000; Origin: Filipino]//
1 an action in which you make a flat object such as a coin go upwards and turn over in the air: toss// --In the end the
decision was made by the flip of a coin .//
2 a movement in which you jump up and turn over in the air, so that your feet go over your head: somersault// --I
tripped and almost did a backward flip down the stairs.//
3 an action in which you turn the pages of a book or newspaper quickly, especially because you are looking for
something: flick// flip through// --I had a quick flip through my cookery books and found a recipe that sounded quite
nice.//
flip 3 adj informal not said or meant seriously// flippant// --I was fed up with his flip comments.//


blurt
v blurt out [blurt sth out] phr v// [Date: 1500-1600; Origin: Probably from the sound of sudden speech]// to say
something suddenly and without thinking, usually because you are nervous or excited// --Peter blurted the news out before
we could stop him.//


puzzled
adj confused and unable to understand something// --'Dinner?' Sam asked, looking puzzled.// puzzled about/as to/at// --
John seemed puzzled about what the question meant.// puzzled that// --Harry was puzzled that Nicholas didn't seem to
recognize him.// puzzled look/expression/frown etc // --Alice read the letter with a puzzled expression on her face.//

rusty

enlarged

enticing
adj something that is enticing attracts or interests you a lot// --It was a hot day and the water looked enticing.// --
enticingly adv //


drape
v [T] [Date: 1400-1500; Language: Old French; Origin: draper, from drap 'cloth']//
1 to put something somewhere so that it hangs or lies loosely: drape sth over/around/across sth// --He took off his coat
and draped it over a chair.// --Mina lay back, her arms draped lazily over the cushions.//
2 to cover or decorate something with a cloth: drape sth over/around sth// --Jack emerged with a towel draped around
him.// drape sth with/in sth// --The soldiers' coffins were draped with American flags.//


temptation

grasp


bang
S3 n
1 [C] a sudden loud noise caused by something such as a gun or an object hitting a hard surface: --There was a loud bang
outside the kitchen door.//
2 [C] a painful blow to the body when you hit against something or something hits you: bump// --a bang on the head//
3 bangs [plural] AmE hair cut straight across your forehead: British Equivalent: fringe//
4 with a bang: in a very successful way// --Stock markets started the year with a bang.//
5 (get) a bigger/better etc bang for your buck: informal something that gives you a good effect or a lot of value for the
effort or money you spend on it// --Are taxpayers getting enough bang for their buck?//
6 get a bang out of sth: AmE spoken to enjoy something very much// big bang theory//
bang 2 v [Date: 1500-1600; Origin: Probably from a Scandinavian language]//
1 [I and T] to hit something hard, making a loud noise: bang on// --They were banging on the door with their fists.//
bang your fist/hand on sth// --She banged her fist on the table.// --The baby kept banging the table with his spoon.//
2 [T] to put something down or against something with a lot of force, making a loud noise: bang sth down// --She
banged the phone down hard.// bang sth on/against sth// --He banged a teapot and some cups on the table.//
3 [I always + adverb/preposition, T] to close something violently, making a loud noise, or to be closed in this way:
slam// --I ran out, banging the door behind me.// --The window banged shut .//
4 [T] to hit a part of your body or something you are carrying against something, by accident: bump// bang sth on sth// -
-I fell and banged my head on the pavement.//
5 [I] to make a loud noise or noises: --The gate keeps banging in the wind.//
6 [T] not polite to have sex with someone: bang the drum for sb/sth at drum1 (4), bang sb's heads together at head1
(32)// be (like) banging your head against a brick wall at head1 (31)// bang about/around phr v// to move around a place,
making a lot of noise// --We could hear them banging about upstairs.// bang on phr v// informal to talk continuously
about something in a boring way// go on// bang on about// --I wish he wouldn't keep banging on about politics.// bang
out [bang sth out] phr v//
1 to play a tune or song loudly and badly on a piano:
2 to write something in a hurry, especially using a keyboard: bang up [bang sb/sth up] phr v//
1 BrE to put someone in prison:
2 AmE to seriously damage something: --a banged-up old Buick//
bang 3 adv
1 informal directly or exactly: --The train arrived bang on time .// --The technology is elaborate, expensive, and bang up
to date .//
2 bang on: BrE spoken exactly correct// --'Is that right?' 'Bang on!'//
3 bang goes sth: BrE spoken used to show that you are unhappy because something you had hoped for will not happen//
--Bang goes my brilliant plan.//
4 spoken in a sudden violent way: --I skidded and went bang into the wall.//
5 go bang: informal to explode or burst with a loud noise//
bang 4 interjection used to make a sound like a gun or bomb// --Bang bang, you're dead!//



petrified
adj [Date: 1400-1500; Language: French; Origin: petrifier, from Greek petra 'rock']//
1 extremely frightened, especially so frightened that you cannot move or think: petrified of// --I'm petrified of spiders.//
petrified with fright/fear // --He was petrified with fear when he saw the gun.//
2 petrified wood/trees etc: wood, trees etc that have changed into stone over a long period of time// -- petrify v [T] //

loosened

fierce

hypnotism

hallucination.

Revision

monologue

slap
S2 v past tense and past participle slapped // present participle slapping //
1 [T] to hit someone with the flat part of your hand: punch// --Sarah slapped Aaron across the face.//
2 [T always + adverb/preposition] to put something down on a surface with force, especially when you are angry: --Giles
slapped his cards down on the table.//
3 slap sb on the back: to hit someone on the back in a friendly way, often as a way of praising them//
4 [I always + adverb/preposition] to hit a surface with a lot of force, making a loud sharp sound: slap against// --Small
waves slapped against the side of the boat.// slap down [slap sb down] phr v// to rudely tell someone that their
suggestions, questions, ideas etc are stupid// slap on [slap sth on] phr v//
1 to put or spread something quickly or carelessly onto a surface: --She ran upstairs and slapped on some make-up.// slap
sth on sth// --We could slap some paint on it.//
2 to suddenly announce a new charge, tax etc or say that something is not allowed - used especially when you think this is
unfair: --Many tour operators slap on supplements for single people.// slap sth on sth// --In 1977, the president slapped a
ban on the commercial reprocessing of nuclear fuel.//
slap 2 n [C] [Date: 1600-1700; Language: Low German; Origin: slapp, from the sound]//
1 a quick hit with the flat part of your hand: punch// --Julia gave Roy a slap on the cheek.//
2 a slap in the face: an action that seems to be deliberately intended to offend or upset someone, especially someone who
has tried very hard to do something//
3 a slap on the wrist: a punishment that you think is not severe enough//
4 a slap on the back: an action of hitting someone on the back in a friendly way, especially as a way of praising them//
5 informal make-up:

ceaselessly.


Anxiety
anxious


monotonous


pinch
v [Date: 1200-1300; Origin: From an unrecorded Old North French pinchier]//
1 [T] to press a part of someone's skin very tightly between your finger and thumb, especially so that it hurts: --We have
to stop her pinching her baby brother.// --He pinched her cheek.//
2 [T] BrE informal to steal something, especially something small or not very valuable: --Someone's pinched my coat!//
3 [T] to press something between your finger and thumb: --Pinch the edges of the pastry together to seal it.//
4 [I and T] if something you are wearing pinches you, it presses painfully on part of your body, because it is too tight: --
Her new shoes were pinching.//
5 sb has to pinch themselves: used when a situation is so surprising that the person involved needs to make sure that they
are not imagining it// --Sometimes she had to pinch herself to make sure it was not all a dream.//
6 [T usually passive] BrE old-fashioned to arrest someone: pinch out [pinch sth out] phr v// to remove a small part
of a plant with your fingers// --Pinch out any side shoots to make the plant grow upwards.//
pinch 2 n [C]
1 pinch of salt/pepper etc: a small amount of salt, pepper etc that you can hold between your finger and thumb// --Add a
pinch of salt to taste.//
2 when you press someone's skin between your finger and thumb: --She gave him a playful pinch.//
3 at a pinch: BrE in a pinch AmE used to say that you could do something if necessary in a difficult or urgent situation//
--There's space for three people. Four at a pinch.// --If you're in a pinch, I'm sure they'd look after Jenny for a while.//
4 take sth with a pinch of salt: used to say that you should not always completely believe what a particular person says//
--You have to take what he says with a pinch of salt.//
5 feel the pinch: to have financial difficulties, especially because you are not making as much money as you used to
make// --Local stores and businesses are beginning to feel the pinch.//
pinched
adj a pinched face looks thin and unhealthy, for example because the person is ill, cold, or tired// --She had a small
pinched face with sad eyes.//



quake



oversensitive


inwards






reach
v ----------//
1 development:
2 rate/amount:
3 succeed:
4 touch:
5 length/height:
6 arrive:
7 speak to somebody:
8 be seen/heard:
9 information:
10 communicate:
11 reach for the stars: Phrasal verbs// reach out to somebody// ----------// [Language: Old English; Origin:
r[zB024]can]//
1 DEVELOPMENT: [T] if someone or something reaches a particular point in their development, they get to that point//
reach the point/level/stage etc // --I had reached the point where I was earning a good salary.// --The kids have reached the
age when they can care for themselves.//
2 RATE/AMOUNT: [T] if something reaches a particular rate, amount etc, it increases until it is at that rate or amount//
--By 2008, that figure is expected to reach 7 million.// --wind speeds reaching up to 180 mph// --Prices rose steadily to
reach record levels .//
3 SUCCEED: [T] to successfully agree on something with other people// reach a decision/agreement etc // --The theatre
has reached an agreement with striking actors.// --It took the jury three days to reach a verdict .// --The talks will continue
until a conclusion is reached .//
4 TOUCH: a) [I,T always + adverb/preposition] to move your arm in order to touch or lift something with your hand// --
She reached into her bag and produced a business card.// --He reached down to help her to her feet.// reach for// --Kelly
reached for his gun.// --Luisa reached out her hand to stroke the cat.// b) [I,T not in progressive] to touch something by
stretching out your arm// --It's no good - I can't reach.// --She's too small to reach the table.// c) [T] to get something from
a high place by stretching up your arm// reach sth down// --She fell while reaching down a vase from the top shelf.//
5 LENGTH/HEIGHT: [I always + adverb/preposition, T not in progressive] to be big enough, long enough etc to get to a
particular point// --The phone lead isn't long enough to reach the bedroom.// --a skirt that reaches halfway down her legs//
reach as far as sth/reach down to sth// --Her hair reaches down to her waist.//
6 ARRIVE: [T] to arrive at a place// --We reached London late at night.// --The pyramids can be reached by public
transport.//
7 SPEAK TO SOMEBODY: [T] if you reach someone, you succeed in speaking to them on the telephone// contact// --
I can probably reach him on his mobile.//
8 BE SEEN/HEARD: [T] if a message, television programme etc reaches a lot of people, they hear it or see it// --Cable
TV reaches a huge audience .//
9 INFORMATION: [T] if information reaches you, you hear about it// --The news reached us in Lahore.//
10 COMMUNICATE: [T] to succeed in making someone understand or accept what you tell them// get through to// --I
just can't seem to reach Ed anymore.//
11 reach for the stars: to aim for something that is very difficult to achieve// reach out to [reach out to sb] phr v// to
show people that you are interested in them and want to listen to them// --So far, his administration has failed to reach out
to hardline Republicans.//
reach 2 n
1 [singular,U] the distance that you can stretch out your arm to touch something: out of/beyond (sb's) reach// --Keep
chemicals out of the reach of children.// within reach (of sb)// --Keep a glass of water within reach.//
2 [singular,U] within (easy) reach of sth: close to a place// --The tourist attractions are within easy reach of the hotel.//
3 the limit of someone's power or ability to do something: beyond the reach of sb// --He lives in Paraguay, well beyond
the reach of the British authorities.//
4 reaches [plural] : a) the parts of a place that are furthest from the centre// the further/outer reaches of sth // --the
further reaches of the jungle// b) the straight part of a river between two bends// --the upper reaches of the Nile//
5 the higher/lower reaches of sth: the high or low levels of an organization or system// --They lingered in the lower
reaches of the Football League.//


shore.


stumble
v [I] [Date: 1300-1400; Origin: Probably from a Scandinavian language]//
1 to hit your foot against something or put your foot down awkwardly while you are walking or running, so that you
almost fall: trip// --In her hurry she stumbled and spilled the milk all over the floor.// stumble over/on// --Vic stumbled
over the step as he came in.//
2 to walk in an unsteady way and often almost fall: stagger// stumble in/out/across etc// --He stumbled upstairs and into
bed.//
3 to stop or make a mistake when you are reading to people or speaking: stumble over/at/through// --I hope I don't
stumble over any of the long words.// -- stumble n [C] // stumble on/across/upon [stumble on/across/upon sth] phr v// to
find or discover something by chance and unexpectedly// come across// --Researchers have stumbled across a drug that
may help patients with Parkinson's disease.//


murmur
v
1 [I and T] to say something in a soft quiet voice that is difficult to hear clearly: --'Well done,' murmured George.// --The
girl murmured something polite, and smiled.// --Julie turned over and murmured in her sleep.//
2 [I] to make a soft, low sound: --The wind murmured through the trees.//
3 [I + against] literary especially BrE to complain to friends and people you work with, but not officially: -- murmuring
n [U and C] // --murmurings of discontent//
murmur 2 n [C] [Date: 1300-1400; Language: French; Origin: murmure, from Latin murmur]//
1 a soft low sound made by people speaking quietly or a long way away: murmur of// --the murmur of voices in the
other room// --She replied in a low murmur.// murmur of agreement/surprise/regret etc (=one that expresses a particular
feeling) // --There was a murmur of agreement from the crowd.//
2 a complaint, but not a strong or official complaint: murmur of// --There have been murmurs of discontent over the new
rules.//
3 do sth without a murmur: to do something without complaining, especially when this is surprising// --They signed the
form without a murmur.//
4 the soft low sound made by water, the wind etc: --the murmur of the little brook//
5 heart murmur : an unusual sound made by the heart, which shows that there may be something wrong with it//


static


overused and tasteless


vivid
adj [Date: 1600-1700; Language: Latin; Origin: vividus, from vivere 'to live']//
1 vivid memories, dreams, descriptions etc are so clear that they seem real: vague// --I've got vivid memories of that
summer.// --He had a vivid picture of her in his mind.//
2 vivid imagination: an ability to imagine unlikely situations very clearly//
3 vivid colours or patterns are very bright: --his vivid blue eyes// -- vividly adv // --I can vividly remember the day we
met.// -- vividness n [U] //


frail
adj [Date: 1300-1400; Language: Old French; Origin: fraile, from Latin fragilis, from frangere 'to break']//
1 someone who is frail is weak and thin because they are old or ill: -- frail elderly people // --her frail health // frail
body/physique // mentally/physically frail //
2 something that is frail is easily damaged or broken: fragile// --It seemed impossible that these frail boats could survive
in such a storm.// --the country's frail economy//
frailty
n plural frailties //
1 [U] the lack of strength or health: weakness// frailty of// --the frailty of her thin body//
2 [U and C] something bad or weak in your character: weakness// -- human frailties //


flick
v [Date: 1400-1500; Origin: From the sound of a light blow]//
1 [T usually + adverb/preposition] to make something move away by hitting or pushing it suddenly or quickly, especially
with your thumb and finger: --Papa flicked the ash from his cigar.//
2 [I,T always + adverb/preposition] to move with a sudden quick movement, or to make something move in this way:
flick from/up/down// --The cow's tail flicked from side to side.// flick sth up/down etc// --Jackie flicked her long hair
back.//
3 [T] to move a switch so that a machine or piece of electrical equipment starts or stops: flip// --I felt inside the doorway
and flicked the light switch .// flick sth on/off// --Sandra flicked the TV on.//
4 flick a glance/look at sb/sth: BrE to look very quickly at someone or something// --Leith flicked a glance at her
watch.//
5 [T] if you flick something such as a towel or rope, you move it so that the end moves quickly away from you: --The
old man flicked his whip and the horses moved off.// flick through [flick through sth] phr v// to look at a book, magazine,
set of photographs etc quickly// --Will flicked through Carla's photo album.//
flick 2 n [Sense: 1-2, 5; Date: 1400-1500; Origin: FLICK1]// [Sense: 3-4; Date: 1900-2000; Origin: FLICKER1;
because of the appearance of early movies.]//
1 [C] a short quick sudden movement or hit with a part of your body, whip etc: --With a flick of the wrist , Frye sent the
ball into the opposite court.//
2 flick of a switch: used to emphasize how easy it is to start a machine and use it// --I can shut off all the power in the
building at the flick of a switch .//
3 [C usually singular] especially AmE a film: --an action flick//
4 the flicks: BrE old-fashioned the cinema//
5 have a flick through sth: BrE to look at a book, magazine, set of pictures etc very quickly// --I had a quick flick
through your report.//



diminishing.

stead
n [Language: Old English; Origin: stede 'place']//
1 do sth in sb's stead: formal to do something that someone else usually does or was going to do// --Pearson was
appointed to go in Harrison's stead.//
2 stand/serve/hold sb in good stead: to be very useful to someone when needed// --His years of training were standing
him in good stead.//

spurt
v
1 : a) [I] if liquid or flames spurt from something, they come out of it quickly and suddenly// spurt from/out of// --
Blood spurted from his nose.// --Flames spurted through the roof.// b) [T] to send out liquid or flames quickly or
suddenly// --It boiled over, spurting hot water everywhere.//
2 [I always + adverb/preposition] to suddenly start moving more quickly, especially for a short time: --He suddenly
spurted ahead of the others.//
spurt 2 n [C]
1 when an amount of liquid or flame suddenly comes quickly out of something: spurt of// --a sudden spurt of flame// in
spurts// --The water came out of the tap in short spurts (=a small amount at a time) .//
2 a short sudden increase of activity, effort, speed, or emotion: spurt of// --In a sudden spurt of anger, Ellen slammed the
door shut.// growth spurt (=when a child suddenly grows quickly) // in spurts// --We weren't consistent - we played in
spurts.//

cease


momentarily.



bolt
n [C] ----------//
1 lock:
2 screw:
3 a bolt from (out of) the blue:
4 bolt of lightning:
5 make a bolt for it:
6 weapon:
7 cloth: ----------// [Language: Old English; Origin: 'short arrow']//
1 LOCK: a metal bar that you slide across a door or window to fasten it// 2 SCREW// a screw with a flat head and no
point, for fastening things together//
3 a bolt from (out of) the blue: news that is sudden and unexpected// --Was this money a bolt from the blue or did you
know you were going to get it?//
4 bolt of lightning: lightning that appears as a white line in the sky// --There's not much left of his house after it was
struck by a bolt of lightning .// thunderbolt//
5 make a bolt for it: BrE to suddenly try to escape from somewhere// --They attacked the driver and he straightaway
made a bolt for it.//
6 WEAPON: a short heavy arrow that is fired from a crossbow//
7 CLOTH: a large long roll of cloth// have shot your bolt at shoot1 (24), the nuts and bolts of sth at nut1 (6)//
bolt 2 v
1 [I] to suddenly run somewhere very quickly, especially in order to escape or because you are frightened: --The horse
reared up and bolted.// --Kevin had bolted through the open window.//
2 [T] also bolt down : to eat very quickly// gobble// --He bolted down his breakfast.//
3 [T] to fasten two things together using a bolt: bolt sth to sth// --The cell contained an iron bedframe bolted to the
floor.// bolt sth together// --The boxes were made of heavy panels of metal bolted together.//
4 [T] to lock a door or window by sliding a bolt across:
bolt 3 adv sit/stand bolt upright// to sit or stand with your back very straight, often because something has frightened
you// --She sat bolt upright in the back seat during the whole journey.//

stomp
preposition] [Date: 1800-1900; Origin: stamp]// to walk with heavy steps or to put your foot down very hard, especially
because you are angry// stamp// --Alex stomped angrily out of the meeting.// stomp on// --Rogers was injured after
being stomped on by another player.//


devoid

tow

rip
v past tense and past participle ripped present participle ripping // [Date: 1300-1400; Origin: Probably from Flemish
rippen 'to tear off roughly']//
1 [I and T] to tear something or be torn quickly and violently: --Her clothes had all been ripped.// --The sails ripped
under the force of the wind.// --Impatiently, Sue ripped the letter open .//
2 [T always + adverb/preposition] to remove something quickly and violently, using your hands: rip sth
out/off/away/down// --Gilly ripped out a sheet of paper from her notebook.// --The buttons had been ripped off.//
3 rip sth/sb to shreds: a) to destroy something or damage it badly by tearing it in many places// --Jill's kitten is ripping
her sofa to shreds.// b) informal to strongly criticize someone, or criticize their opinions, remarks, behaviour etc// --I
expected to have my argument ripped to shreds.//
4 let rip: informal to speak or behave violently or emotionally// --Fran took a slow deep breath, then let rip, yelling and
shouting at him.//
5 let it/her rip: informal to make a car, boat etc go as fast as it can// --Put your foot on the gas and let her rip!// rip apart
[rip sth apart] phr v// to tear or pull something to pieces// --He was ripped apart by savage beasts in the forest.// rip off
[rip sb/sth off] phr v//
1 to charge someone too much money for something: overcharge// --The agency really ripped us off.//
2 to steal something: --Somebody had come in and ripped off the TV and stereo.//
3 to take words, ideas etc from someone else's work and use them in your own work as if they were your own ideas:
plagiarize// rip-off(2)// rip through [rip through sth] phr v// to move through a place quickly and with violent force// --A
wave of bombings ripped through the capital's business district.// rip up [rip sth up] phr v// to tear something into
pieces// --Sue ripped his photo up into tiny bits.//
rip 2 n [C] a long tear or cut// --a green leather jacket with a rip in the sleeve//


commonplace
adj happening or existing in many places, and therefore not special or unusual// --Car thefts are commonplace in this part
of town.//
commonplace 2 n [C usually singular]
1 something that happens or exists in many places, so that it is not unusual: --Women's groups have become a
commonplace.//
2 something that has been said so often that it is no longer interesting or original:
3 the commonplace: something that is ordinary or boring// the everyday// --Moore took as his main theme the mystery
of the commonplace.//

starve
S3 v
1 [I] to suffer or die because you do not have enough to eat: --Thousands of people will starve if food doesn't reach the
city.// --pictures of starving children// --They'll either die from the cold or starve to death (=die from lack of food) .//
2 [T] to prevent someone from having enough food to live: --The poor dog looked like it had been starved.//
3 be starving: also be starved AmE to be very hungry// --You must be starving!// starve of [starve sb/sth of sth] phr v//
to not give something that is needed// --The schools are starved of funding.// --The poor kid's just starved for attention.//
starve out [starve sb out] phr v// to force someone to leave a place by preventing them from getting food// --If we can't
blast them out, we'll starve them out!//
snatch
v [T] [Date: 1100-1200; Origin: Perhaps from Middle Dutch snacken; SNACK2]//
1 to take something away from someone with a quick, often violent, movement: grab// --The thief snatched her purse
and ran.// snatch sth away/back from sb// --Keith snatches toys away from the other children.//
2 to take someone away from a person or place, especially by force: --Vargas was snatched from his home by two armed
men.//
3 to quickly get something, especially sleep or rest, because you do not have very much time: grab// --I managed to
snatch an hour's sleep on the train.// snatch at [snatch at sth] phr v// to quickly put out your hand to try to take or hold
something// --Jessie snatched at the bag but I pulled it away.//
snatch 2 n [C]
1 a snatch of conversation/music/song etc: a short part of a conversation, song etc that you hear// --I could hear snatches
of the conversation from across the room.//
2 in snatches: for short periods// --I only slept in snatches during the night.//
3 when someone quickly takes or steals something: --reports of a bag snatch//
4 taboo informal a very offensive word for a woman's sex organ. Do not use this word.:

flatten
v
1 also flatten out : [I and T] to make something flat or flatter, or to become flat or flatter// --Use a rolling pin to flatten
the dough.// --The land flattened out as we neared the coast.//
2 [T] to destroy a building or town by knocking it down, bombing it etc: level// --Hundreds of homes were flattened by
the tornado.//
3 flatten yourself against sth: to press your body against something// --I flattened myself against the wall.//
4 [T] informal to defeat someone completely and easily in a game, argument etc: --We flattened them 6-0.//
5 [T] informal to hit someone very hard:



matter-of-fact expression.


Represent




prophecy


lame


rationality
turn


stunned


laugh out loud



subconscious

nuclear fusion

fry


crummy


Miserable


attendance
n
1 [U and C] the number of people who attend a game, concert, meeting etc: --We have an average attendance of 4000
fans per game.// --Last year's fair saw attendance figures of 32,000.//
2 [U and C] when someone goes to a meeting, class etc, or an occasion when they go: attendance at// --Most courses
involve an average of eight hours attendance at college each week.// --The doctor will have a record of her attendances.//
3 be in attendance (at sth): formal to be at a special or important event// --Over 2000 people were in attendance at
yesterday's demonstration.//
4 be in attendance on sb: formal to look after someone or serve them// dance attendance on sb at dance2 (5)//


sarcastic

bury
W3 v past tense and past participle buried present participle burying third person singular buries [T] // ----------//
1 dead person:
2 object:
3 fall on something:
4 hidden:
5 feeling/memory:
6 bury your face/head etc (in something):
7 bury your face/head in your hands:
8 bury your head in the sand:
9 bury the hatchet/bury your differences:
10 in a surface:
11 bury yourself in your work/studies etc:
12 information:
13 loved one: ----------// [Language: Old English; Origin: byrgan]//
1 DEAD PERSON: to put someone who has died in a grave// bury sb in/at etc sth// --He was buried in the churchyard of
St Mary's.//
2 OBJECT: to put something under the ground, often in order to hide it// --Electric cables are buried beneath the
streets.//
3 FALL ON SOMETHING: [usually in passive] to fall on top of someone or something, usually harming or destroying
them// be buried under/beneath etc sth// --The skiers were buried under the snow.// --57 miners were buried alive .//
4 HIDDEN: [usually in passive] to cover something so that it cannot be found// --His glasses were buried under a pile of
papers.//
5 FEELING/MEMORY: to ignore a feeling or memory and pretend that it does not exist// --a deeply buried memory//
6 bury your face/head etc (in sth): to press your face etc into something soft// --Noel buried his face in the pillow.//
7 bury your face/head in your hands: to cover your face with your hands because you are very upset//
8 bury your head in the sand: to ignore an unpleasant situation and hope it will stop if you do not think about it//
9 bury the hatchet/bury your differences: to agree to stop arguing about something and become friends//
10 IN A SURFACE: to push something, especially something sharp, into something else with a lot of force// bury sth in
sth// --The dog buried its teeth in my leg.// --The bullet buried itself in the wall.//
11 bury yourself in your work/studies etc: to give all your attention to something// --After the divorce, she buried herself
in her work.//
12 INFORMATION: to put a fact or information somewhere in a larger document so that it is unlikely to be found or
read// --The story was buried at the back of the paper.//
13 LOVED ONE: literary to have someone you love die// --She had buried her husband, two sons, and a daughter.//
be dead and buried at dead1 (14)//


sniff
v [Date: 1300-1400; Origin: From the sound]//
1 [I] to breathe air into your nose noisily, for example when you are crying or have a cold: --Margaret sniffed miserably
and nodded.// --Stop sniffing and blow your nose.//
2 [I and T] to breathe air in through your nose in order to smell something: --He opened the milk and sniffed it.// sniff
at// --The dog was sniffing at the carpet.//
3 [T] to say something in a way that shows you think something is not good enough: --'Is that all?' she sniffed.//
4 [T] to take a harmful drug by breathing it up your nose: snort// --kids who sniff glue// sniff at [sniff at sth] phr v//
1 sth is not to be sniffed at: spoken especially BrE used to say that something is good enough to be accepted or
considered seriously// --An 8% salary increase is not to be sniffed at.//
2 to refuse something in a proud way, or behave as if something is not good enough for you: --He sniffed at my choice of
restaurants and suggested his own favorite.// sniff out [sniff sth out] phr v//
1 to discover or find something by its smell: --A customs officer came round with a dog to sniff out drugs.//
2 informal to find out or discover something: --Vic's been trying to sniff out where you went last night.//
sniff 2 n [C]
1 when you breathe in air noisily through your nose, for example in order to smell something, because you have a cold, or
in order to show your disapproval: --a sniff of disapproval// --She gave a loud sniff .//
2 BrE informal a small amount or sign of something: hint// sniff of// --He got us into this mess, and then left at the
first sniff of trouble !//
3 have a sniff around/round: BrE informal to examine a place carefully//
4 not get a sniff of sth: BrE informal to not have any chance of getting something or being successful// --He never even
got a sniff of the target.//


stray bullet

attendant


bribe
v [T]
1 to illegally give someone, especially a public official, money or a gift in order to persuade them to do something for
you: --The only way we could get into the country was by bribing the border officials.// bribe sb to do sth// --He bribed
one of the prison guards to smuggle out a note.//
2 to offer someone, especially a child, something special in order to persuade them to do something: bribe sb with sth// --
Samantha wouldn't do her homework until I bribed her with ice cream.//
bribe 2 n [C] [Date: 1300-1400; Language: Old French; Origin: 'bread given to a beggar']//
1 money or a gift that you illegally give someone to persuade them to do something for you: --The officials said that they
had been offered bribes before an important game.// accept/take a bribe // --A Supreme Court judge was charged with
taking bribes.//
2 something special offered to someone, especially a child, in order to persuade them to do something:
bribery
n [U] the act of giving bribes// --We tried everything - persuasion, bribery, threats.// --He was found guilty of bribery
and corruption (=bribery and dishonest behaviour) .//



precedent


genuinely
ended up


sensation

nuts

proper

slip

fairly certain

guts

canyon


monasteries

exorcism
vivaciousness

philosophy
grip
chairperson
inoffensive
grip
horrifyingly
crooked
ancient
cracks
Orchestra
flip
presence
rhythmically

her face is the kind that fundamentally shows no sign of emotion.

Evicted
factor
coupled with
I automatically turned and observed Asahina Mikuru: she has a small body and a face that could
easily be mistaken for an elementary school student. Her brown hair is slightly curly, hanging
over her back. Her pair of large puppy dog eyes give out a "please protect me" aura. Her half-
opened lips reveal a row of white ivory-like teeth that, coupled with her small face, create a
perfect combination. If she were given a magic wand with a shiny jewel, she might even
transform into a little fairy! Aargh~, what the hell am I thinking about!?
Tear
quo
wax statue
just as she's about to slice my neck
Perhaps it's his referential use of words, but Koizumi's face looks surprisingly mature

"Humans have called those who can create and destroy the world at will as God."
confine
bold
adj comparative bolder superlative boldest // ----------//
1 person/action:
2 manner/appearance:
3 colours/shapes:
4 lines/writing:
5 printed letters:
6 make/be so bold (as to do something):
7 if I may be so bold: ----------//
1 PERSON/ACTION: not afraid of taking risks and making difficult decisions// --In a surprisingly bold move , he is
threatening court action against the company.// --My aunt Flo was a bold determined woman.// --He had the ability to take
bold imaginative decisions.//
2 MANNER/APPEARANCE: so confident or determined that you sometimes offend people// --You should be feeling
confident and bold when you meet your bank manager.// --She marched into his office as bold as brass (=very confident
and not showing enough respect) .//
3 COLOURS/SHAPES: very strong or bright so that you notice them// --bold geometric shapes// --Stripes are bold,
bright, and fun to wear.// --bold colours//
4 LINES/WRITING: written or drawn in a very clear way// --an envelope addressed to her in a bold black hand// --The
graphics are bold and colourful.// --The print should be bold and easy to read.//
5 PRINTED LETTERS: printed in letters that are darker and thicker than ordinary printed letters// --All the headings are
in bold type.//
6 make/be so bold (as to do sth): formal to do something that other people feel is rude or not acceptable// --I see that
you have been so bold as to ask for food at this late hour.//
7 if I may be so bold: BrE spoken formal used when asking someone a question, to show that you are slightly annoyed
with them// --Tell me, if I may be so bold as to ask, precisely what you are talking about.// -- boldly adv // -- boldness n
[U] //

reflex
n [C]
1 reflexes [plural] : a) the natural ability to react quickly and well to sudden situations// have good/quick/slow reflexes //
--A tennis player needs to have very quick reflexes.// b) a sudden uncontrolled movement that your muscles make as a
natural reaction to a physical effect// --Doctor Mulholland tested Jennifer's reflexes (=especially by hitting her knee with a
special rubber hammer) .//
2 reflex action: something that you do without thinking, as a reaction to a situation//

neat
S2 adj comparative neater superlative neatest // ----------//
1 tidy:
2 liking things tidy:
3 good:
4 small:
5 clever:
6 drinks: ----------// [Date: 1500-1600; Language: French; Origin: net, from Latin nitidus 'bright, neat', from nitere 'to
shine']//
1 TIDY: tidy and carefully arranged// --neat handwriting// --His clothes were always neat and clean .// --Everything in
the house was neat and tidy .// --She arranged the books in a nice neat pile.//
2 LIKING THINGS TIDY: someone who is neat likes to keep things tidy// --I've always been quite neat.//
3 GOOD: AmE spoken very good, pleasant, or enjoyable// --That's a really neat idea.// --I liked working for him - he
was a neat guy.//
4 SMALL: something that is neat is small and attractive// --her small, neat features//
5 CLEVER: formal a neat way of doing or saying something is simple but clever and effective// --In the end we found a
very neat solution to the problem.// --a neat summary of the main issues//
6 DRINKS: especially BrE a neat alcoholic drink has no ice or water or any other liquid added// straight// --I can't
drink brandy neat.// --drinking neat whisky// -- neatly adv // --He wrote his name neatly at the bottom of the page.// --
The problem was neatly summed up by one of the teachers.// -- neatness n [U] //
strict
S3 adj comparative stricter superlative strictest //
1 expecting people to obey rules or to do what you say: lenient// --a strict teacher// strict about// --This company is
very strict about punctuality.// strict with// --The Stuarts are very strict with their children.//
2 a strict order or rule is one that must be obeyed: --You had strict instructions not to tell anybody.// --There are strict
limits on presidential campaign contributions.// --He's under strict orders from his doctor to quit smoking.// --I'm telling
you this in the strictest confidence (=it must be kept completely secret) .//
3 [usually before noun] exact and correct, often in a way that seems unreasonable: --Amy was attractive, although not
beautiful in the strictest sense of the word .//
4 obeying all the rules of a religion or set of principles: --He was raised a strict Catholic.// --a strict vegetarian// --
strictness n [U] //
strictly
adv
1 in a way that must be obeyed: --Alcohol is strictly forbidden on school premises.// --The ban on hunting is not strictly
enforced .//
2 exactly and completely: --That isn't strictly true.//
3 strictly speaking: used to say that something is true if you are going to be very exact and correct about it// --Strictly
speaking, spiders are not insects.//
4 only for a particular person, thing, or purpose and no one else: --This is strictly between us. Nobody else must know.//

swing
W3 v past tense and past participle swung /sw[hA356][hA26E]/// ----------//
1 move from a fixed point:
2 move in a curve:
3 hit:
4 change opinions/emotions:
5 swing into action:
6 play:
7 arrange something:
8 swing both ways:
9 swing the lead: Phrasal verbs// swing around/round// swing by// ----------// [Language: Old English; Origin:
swingan 'to beat, go quickly']//
1 MOVE FROM A FIXED POINT: [I and T] to make regular movements forwards and backwards or from one side to
another while hanging from a particular point, or to make something do this// --Let your arms swing as you walk.// --a
sign swinging in the wind// --He was swinging his bag back and forth .// --She swung her legs from side to side .// swing
sth by sth// --He marched around, swinging the gun by its handle.//
2 MOVE IN A CURVE: [I,T always + adverb/preposition] to move quickly in a smooth curve in one direction, or to
make something do this// --A black car swung into the drive.// --Kate swung her legs out of bed.// swing open/shut // --
The heavy door swung shut.// --Swinging her bag over her shoulder, she hurried on.//
3 HIT: [I and T] to move your arm or something you are holding to try and hit something// swing sth at sb/sth// --She
swung her bag at him.// swing at sb/sth (with sth)// --Garson swung at the ball and missed.// --He started swinging at me
with his fists.//
4 CHANGE OPINIONS/EMOTIONS: [I and T] if emotions or opinions swing, or if something swings them, they
change quickly to the opposite of what they were// swing from sth to sth// --His mood could swing from joy to despair.// -
-Do campaign gifts swing votes ?// --The war had begun to swing in Britain's favor .// swing to the Right/Left (=in
politics) //
5 swing into action: to suddenly begin work that needs doing, using a lot of energy and effort// --Politicians have
already swung into action.//
6 PLAY: [I] to sit on a swing and make it move backwards and forwards by moving your legs//
7 ARRANGE SOMETHING: [T] spoken to arrange for something to happen, although it takes a lot of effort to do this//
--We managed to swing it so that they we'll travel together.//
8 swing both ways: informal someone who swings both ways is bisexual//
9 swing the lead: BrE to avoid work by pretending to be ill// there's not enough room to swing a cat at room1 (5)//
swing around/round phr v// to turn around quickly, or to make something do this// --She swung around to face him.//
swing sth/sb around/round// --He swung the boat around and headed for the shore.// swing by phr v// swing by (sth)//
to visit a place or person for a short time// --I'll swing by the grocery store on my way.//
swing 2 S3 n ----------//
1 seat with ropes:
2 movement:
3 change:
4 sports:
5 music:
6 get into the swing of it/things:
7 be in full swing:
8 go with a swing:
9 swings and roundabouts: ----------//
1 SEAT WITH ROPES: [C] a seat hanging from ropes or chains, usually used by children play on by moving it forwards
and backwards using their legs// --kids playing on the swings // --a porch swing//
2 MOVEMENT: [C] a curved movement made with your arm, leg etc// --He took a swing at (=tried to hit) my head and
missed.// --the swing of her hips as she walked//
3 CHANGE: [C] a noticeable change in opinions or emotions// swing to/towards/between etc// --a big swing towards
right-wing ideology// --She suffers from mood swings .//
4 SPORTS: [singular] the movement you make when you hit the ball in golf, baseball, or some other sports// --I spent
months correcting my swing.//
5 MUSIC: [U] a type of dance music played by a big band in the 1930s and 1940s that is similar to jazz//
6 get into the swing of it/things: to become fully involved in an activity// --Once we got into the swing of it, it took no
time at all.//
7 be in full swing: if an event or process is in full swing, it has reached its highest level of activity// --By midnight the
end-of-course party was in full swing.//
8 go with a swing: BrE if a party or activity goes with a swing, it is enjoyable and successful// --everything you need to
make your party go with a swing //
9 swings and roundabouts: BrE used to say that two choices have an equal number of gains and losses, so there is little
difference between them//



intense
W3 adj [Date: 1400-1500; Language: French; Origin: Latin intensus, a past participle of intendere; INTEND]//
1 having a very strong effect or felt very strongly: --Young people today are under intense pressure to succeed.// --the
intense heat of the desert// --The pain was so intense I couldn't sleep.// --He took an intense interest in all religious
matters.// --a look of intense dislike//
2 intense activity is very serious, uses a lot of effort, and often involves doing a great deal in a very short time: --The job
demands intense concentration.// --At least 3000 people were killed in a week of intense fighting.//
3 someone who is intense is serious and has very strong feelings or opinions - used to show disapproval: --She's a little
too intense for me.// -- intensely adv // --He disliked Kate intensely.//

delight
n
1 [U] a feeling of great pleasure and satisfaction: with/in delight// --The kids were screaming with delight.// to sb's
delight/to the delight of sb// --To the delight of his proud parents, he has made a full recovery.// squeal/gasp/cry etc of
delight // --She gave a little gasp of delight.//
2 [C] something that makes you feel very happy or satisfied: the delights of sth// --a chance to sample the delights of
nearby Vienna// it is a delight to do sth // --It was a delight to see him so fit and healthy.//
3 take delight in (doing) sth: to enjoy something very much, especially something you should not do// --Chris takes
great delight in teasing his sister.//
delight 2 v [T]
to give someone great satisfaction and enjoyment// --Her fabulous recipes will delight anyone who loves chocolate.//
delight sb with sth// --He is delighting audiences with his wit and humour.// delight in [delight in sth] phr v// to enjoy
something very much, especially something that other people think is not nice// --He delights in complicating everything.//
--She delighted in interesting conversation.//


flip
v past tense and past participle flipped present participle flipping // ----------//
1 move:
2 turn in the air:
3 angry:
4 turn a switch:
5 turn pages:
6 flip your lid: Phrasal verbs// flip somebody off// ----------// [Date: 1500-1600; Origin: Probably from the sound]//
1 MOVE: [I,T always + adverb/preposition] to move something with a quick sudden movement so that it is in a different
position// --He flipped the top off the bottle and poured himself a drink.// --She flipped the lid of the box open and looked
inside.// flip over// --He flipped the paper over and started writing on the back.//
2 TURN IN THE AIR: [T] to make a flat object such as a coin go upwards and turn over in the air// toss// --We flipped
a coin to see who would go first.// --There's quite an art to flipping pancakes.//
3 ANGRY: [I] informal to suddenly become very angry or upset// lose it// --I just flipped and started shouting.//
4 TURN A SWITCH: [T] to move a switch so that a machine or piece of electrical equipment starts or stops// flick// --
Anna flipped the switch that opened the front gate.// flip sth on/off// --Josie flipped on the radio.//
5 TURN PAGES: [I and T] to turn the pages of a book or newspaper quickly, especially because you are looking for
something// --He picked up the newspaper and flipped straight to the sports pages.// flip through// --I flipped through my
address book but couldn't find her phone number.//
6 flip your lid: informal to suddenly become very angry// go crazy// --Mom flipped her lid when she found out I was
pregnant.// flip off [flip sb off] phr v// also flip sb the bird // to make a rude sign at someone by lifting up your middle
finger and keeping your other fingers down//
flip 2 n [C] [Date: 1900-2000; Origin: Filipino]//
1 an action in which you make a flat object such as a coin go upwards and turn over in the air: toss// --In the end the
decision was made by the flip of a coin .//
2 a movement in which you jump up and turn over in the air, so that your feet go over your head: somersault// --I
tripped and almost did a backward flip down the stairs.//
3 an action in which you turn the pages of a book or newspaper quickly, especially because you are looking for
something: flick// flip through// --I had a quick flip through my cookery books and found a recipe that sounded quite
nice.//
flip 3 adj informal not said or meant seriously// flippant// --I was fed up with his flip comments.//

tilt
v [I and T] [Date: 1300-1400; Origin: Perhaps from a Scandinavian language]//
1 to move a part of your body, especially your head or chin, upwards or to the side: tip// --My mother tilted her head and
smiled.// --Ned's mouth tilted upwards slightly at the corners.//
2 to move or make something move into a position where one side is higher than the other: tip// --As it came into land,
the plane tilted sideways.// --The man was tilting his chair back.//
3 if an opinion or situation tilts, or if something tilts it, it changes so that people start to prefer one person, belief, or action
to others: --Crisis situations tend to tilt the balance of power in favour of the president.// tilt toward/towards// --
Government tax policy has tilted toward industrial development.// tilt at / [tilt at sb/sth] phr v//
1 to attack someone in what you say or write:
2 tilt at windmills: to waste time and energy attacking an enemy that is not real//
tilt 2 n
1 (at) full tilt: as fast as possible// --He charged full tilt down the slope.//
2 [U and C] a movement or position in which one side of something is higher than the other: --a slight tilt of the head //
3 [C] a preference for one person, belief, or action over others: tilt toward/towards// --the recent tilt toward the
Democrats//
4 [C] BrE an attempt to win something: tilt at// --The team is preparing for another tilt at the European Cup.//
5 [C] a spoken or written attack on someone or something:
confront
v [T] [Date: 1500-1600; Language: French; Origin: confronter 'to have a border with, confront', from Medieval Latin,
from Latin com- ( COM-) + frons ( FRONT1)]//
1 if a problem, difficulty etc confronts you, it appears and needs to be dealt with: --The problems confronting the new
government were enormous.// be confronted with sth// --Customers are confronted with a bewildering amount of choice.//
2 to deal with something very difficult or unpleasant in a brave and determined way: --We try to help people confront
their problems .//
3 to face someone in a threatening way, as though you are going to attack them: --Troops were confronted by an angry
mob.//
4 to accuse someone of doing something, especially by showing them the proof: confront sb with/about sth// --I
confronted him with my suspicions, and he admitted everything.// --I haven't confronted her about it yet.//
confrontation
n [C,U ]
1 a situation in which there is a lot of angry disagreement between two people or groups: --She had stayed in her room to
avoid another confrontation.// confrontation with/between// --an ideological confrontation between conservatives and
liberals//
2 a fight or battle: military/violent/armed confrontation // --Japan seemed unlikely to risk military confrontation with
Russia.//
confrontational
adj likely to cause arguments or make people angry// --a confrontational style of management//

witness
W3S2 n ----------//
1 crime/accident:
2 in a court of law:
3 signing a document:
4 be witness to something:
5 christian belief: ----------// [Language: Old English; Origin: witnes 'knowledge, account, witness', from wit; WIT]//
1 CRIME/ACCIDENT: [C] someone who sees a crime or an accident and can describe what happened// --Police have
appealed for witnesses to come forward.// witness to// --One witness to the accident said the driver appeared to be drunk.//
--an eye witness (=someone who sees an event) to the robbery// eyewitness//
2 IN A COURT OF LAW: [C] someone who appears in a court of law to say what they know about a crime or other
event// key/star/principal witness // --the key witness in the case against the brothers// --The defense is expected to call
them as witnesses .// witness for the prosecution/defence also // prosecution/defence witness (=someone the prosecution
or defence lawyers choose as a witness in order to help prove their case) // expert witness//
3 SIGNING A DOCUMENT: [C] someone who is present when an official document is signed, and who signs it too, to
say that they saw it being signed// witness to// --a witness to a will//
4 be witness to sth: formal to be present when something happens, and watch it happening// --We were witness to the
worst excesses of the military.//
5 CHRISTIAN BELIEF: [U and C] AmE a public statement of strong Christian belief, or someone who makes such a
statement// bear witness at bear1 (15)//
witness 2 v ----------//
1 crime/accident:
2 experience something:
3 time/place:
4 official document:
5 witness something:
6 religion: ----------//
1 CRIME/ACCIDENT: [T] to see something happen, especially a crime or accident// --Several residents claim to have
witnessed the attack.//
2 EXPERIENCE SOMETHING: [T] to experience important events or changes// --Priests have witnessed an increase in
religious intolerance.//
3 TIME/PLACE: [T] if a time or place witnesses an event, the event happens during that time or in that place// --Recent
years have witnessed the collapse of the steel industry.//
4 OFFICIAL DOCUMENT: [T] if you witness the signing of an official document, you are there when it is signed, and
sign it yourself to prove this// --Will you witness my signature ?//
5 witness sth: also ..., as witnessed by sth // used to introduce an example that proves something you have just
mentioned// --Bad economic times can result in political dictatorships. Witness Germany in the 1930s.//
6 RELIGION: [I] to speak publicly about your Christian beliefs//

scuffle
n [C] [Date: 1500-1600; Origin: Probably from a Scandinavian language]// a short fight that is not very violent// --
Scuffles broke out between rival supporters during the match.// scuffle with/between// --scuffles with police//
scuffle 2 v [I]
1 to have a short fight with someone, in a way that is not very serious or violent: scuffle with// --Some of the
demonstrators scuffled with the police.//
2 [always + adverb/preposition] to walk quickly and make a noise as your feet rub on the ground:


embrace
v [Date: 1300-1400; Language: Old French; Origin: embracier, from brace 'two arms']//
1 [I and T] to put your arms around someone and hold them in a friendly or loving way: hug// --Jack warmly embraced
his son.// --Maggie and Laura embraced.//
2 [T] formal to eagerly accept a new idea, opinion, religion etc: --We hope these regions will embrace democratic
reforms.// --Most West European countries have embraced the concept of high-speed rail networks with enthusiasm.//
3 [T] formal to include something as part of a subject, discussion etc: --This course embraces several different aspects of
psychology.//
embrace 2 n [C] the act of holding someone close to you, especially as a sign of love// in an embrace// --They held each
other in a tender embrace.//


blush
v [I] [Language: Old English; Origin: blyscan 'to become red', from blysa 'flame']//
1 to become red in the face, usually because you are embarrassed: flush // --Wilson saw she was watching him and
blushed.// --Joan blushed at the unexpected compliment.// --Kate blushed scarlet.//
2 to feel ashamed or embarrassed about something: blush to do sth// --I blush to admit that I haven't read it.//
3 sth that would make sb blush: something so shocking that it would shock someone who is not normally easily
shocked// --language that would make a sailor blush//
4 the blushing bride: a young woman on her wedding day - used humorously// -- blushingly adv //
blush 2 n
1 [C] the red colour on your face that appears when you are embarrassed: flush// --Donald felt a blush warm his cheeks.//
--She bent her head to hide her blushes.//
2 at first blush: literary when first thought of or considered// --At first blush, this sounds like good news.// spare sb's
blushes at spare2 (10)//

flush
n ----------//
1 redness on face:
2 feelings:
3 toilet:
4 cards:
5 the first flush of youth/manhood:
6 a flush of something: ----------// [Date: 1200-1300; Origin: Probably from Latin fluxus; FLUX]//
1 REDNESS ON FACE: [singular] a red colour that appears on your face when you are angry or embarrassed// blush//
--His words brought a warm flush to her face.// hot flush//
2 FEELINGS: a flush of anger/embarrassment/excitement etc// a sudden feeling of anger, embarrassment etc// surge//
--She felt a sudden flush of anger.//
3 TOILET: [C] // a) the part of a toilet that cleans it with a sudden flow of water// --The flush isn't working properly.//
b) the act of cleaning a toilet by forcing water through it//
4 CARDS: [C] a set of cards that someone has in a card game that are all of the same suit//
5 the first flush of youth/manhood: the beginning of a period of time when you are young etc// --a group of adolescent
boys in the first flush of manhood//
6 a flush of sth: a large number of things that happen or arrive at the same time// --The spring brings a flush of young
animals to the farm.//
flush 2 v ----------//
1 become red:
2 toilet:
3 clean something: Phrasal verbs// flush somebody/something out// ----------//
1 BECOME RED: [I] to become red in the face, for example when you are angry or embarrassed// blush// --Susan
flushed deeply and looked away.// --He flushed angrily .// flush red/crimson/scarlet // --Robyn felt her cheeks flush
scarlet.// flush with// --Mrs Cooper flushed with indignation.//
2 TOILET: [I and T] if you flush a toilet, or if it flushes, you make water go through it to clean it// --Why do children
never remember to flush the loo?// --She flushed the rest of her drink down the toilet .//
3 CLEAN SOMETHING: [T] to force water through a pipe in order to clean it// flush sth through sth// --They flush
clean water through the pipes once a day.// flush out [flush sb/sth out] phr v//
1 to make someone leave a place where they are hiding: --The government is determined to flush out the terrorists.//
2 to clean something by forcing water through it: --The heating system needs to be flushed out once a year.// --Drinking
water helps flush out toxins from the body.//
flush 3 adj [Date: 1500-1600; Origin: Probably from FLUSH1]//
1 if two surfaces are flush, they are at exactly the same level, so that the place where they meet is flat: flush with// --
Make sure that the cupboard is flush with the wall.//
2 [not before noun] informal if someone is flush, they have plenty of money to spend: --I'm feeling flush at the
moment.//

faint
adj [Date: 1200-1300; Language: Old French; Origin: faindre, feindre 'to pretend'; FEIGN]//
1 difficult to see, hear, smell etc: --She gave a faint smile.// --a very faint noise// --the faint light of dawn//
2 a faint hope/possibility/chance etc: a very small or slight hope etc// --There's still a faint hope that they might be
alive.//
3 not have the faintest idea: to not know anything at all about something// --I don't have the faintest idea what you're
talking about.//
4 feeling weak and as if you are about to become unconscious because you are very ill, tired, or hungry: --The heat made
him feel quite faint .// faint with// --I was faint with hunger.// -- faintly adv // --Everyone looked faintly surprised.// --
The sun shone faintly through the clouds.// -- faintness n [U] // damn sb/sth with faint praise at damn4 (6)//
faint 2 v [I]
1 to suddenly become unconscious for a short time: pass out// --Several fans fainted in the blazing heat.//
2 I nearly/almost fainted: spoken used to say that you were very surprised by something// --I nearly fainted when they
told me the price.//
faint 3 n [singular] an act of becoming unconscious// in a (dead) faint // --She fell down in a faint.//

humble
adj [Date: 1200-1300; Language: Old French; Origin: Latin humilis 'low, humble', from humus 'earth']//
1 not considering yourself or your ideas to be as important as other people's: proud// humility// --a modest and
humble man//
2 having a low social class or position: --He started his career as a humble peanut farmer.// humble background/origins
etc // --Iacocca rose from humble beginnings to become boss of Ford.//
3 in my humble opinion: spoken used humorously to give your opinion about something//
4 my humble apologies: BrE spoken used humorously to say you are sorry//
5 [only before noun] simple and ordinary, but useful or effective: -- The humble potato may be the key to feeding the
world's population.//
6 eat humble pie: to admit that you were wrong about something//
7 your humble servant: BrE old use a formal way of ending a letter//
8 sb's humble abode: someone's house or apartment - used humorously// --Welcome to our humble abode.// -- humbly
adv //
humble 2 v
1 be humbled: if you are humbled, you realize that you are not as important, good, kind etc as you thought you were// --
You can't help but be humbled when you enter this cathedral.//
2 [T] to easily defeat someone who is much stronger than you are: --The mighty U.S. army was humbled by a small
South East Asian country.//
3 humble yourself: to show that you are not too proud to ask for something, admit you are wrong etc// --I knew he had
humbled himself to ask for my help.// -- humbling adj // --a humbling experience //

clutch
v [Language: Old English; Origin: clyccan]//
1 [T] to hold something tightly because you do not want to lose it: grip, grasp// --She was clutching a bottle of
champagne.//
2 [I and T] also clutch at sb/sth : a) to suddenly take hold of someone or something because you are frightened, in pain
or in danger// grab// --He clutched at a pillar for support.// --Tom fell to the ground clutching his stomach.// b) clutch at
sb's heart// if something clutches at your heart, you suddenly feel fear or nervousness//
3 be clutching at straws: especially BrE to be trying everything possible to find a solution or hope in a difficult situation,
even though it will probably be unsuccessful// --I knew that trying the alternative medicine was just clutching at straws.//
clutch 2 n [Sense: 1-2,4; Date: 1600-1700; Origin: CLUTCH1]// [Sense: 3; Date: 1700-1800; Origin: cletch 'clutch' (17-
19 centuries), from cleck 'to hatch' (15-19 centuries), from Old Norse klekja]//
1 [C] the pedal that you press with your foot when driving a vehicle in order to change gear,or the part of the vehicle that
this controls:
2 sb's clutches: [plural] the power, influence, or control that someone has// --a small boy trying to escape from his
mother's clutches// in sb's clutches// --She'll have him in her clutches soon enough.//
3 clutch of sth: a small group of similar things// --a clutch of eggs (=the number of eggs laid by a bird at one time) // --a
clutch of young mothers//
4 [singular] a tight hold that someone has on something: grip, grasp// --I shook myself free of her clutch.//

reach
v ----------//
1 development:
2 rate/amount:
3 succeed:
4 touch:
5 length/height:
6 arrive:
7 speak to somebody:
8 be seen/heard:
9 information:
10 communicate:
11 reach for the stars: Phrasal verbs// reach out to somebody// ----------// [Language: Old English; Origin:
r[zB024]can]//
1 DEVELOPMENT: [T] if someone or something reaches a particular point in their development, they get to that point//
reach the point/level/stage etc // --I had reached the point where I was earning a good salary.// --The kids have reached the
age when they can care for themselves.//
2 RATE/AMOUNT: [T] if something reaches a particular rate, amount etc, it increases until it is at that rate or amount//
--By 2008, that figure is expected to reach 7 million.// --wind speeds reaching up to 180 mph// --Prices rose steadily to
reach record levels .//
3 SUCCEED: [T] to successfully agree on something with other people// reach a decision/agreement etc // --The theatre
has reached an agreement with striking actors.// --It took the jury three days to reach a verdict .// --The talks will continue
until a conclusion is reached .//
4 TOUCH: a) [I,T always + adverb/preposition] to move your arm in order to touch or lift something with your hand// --
She reached into her bag and produced a business card.// --He reached down to help her to her feet.// reach for// --Kelly
reached for his gun.// --Luisa reached out her hand to stroke the cat.// b) [I,T not in progressive] to touch something by
stretching out your arm// --It's no good - I can't reach.// --She's too small to reach the table.// c) [T] to get something from
a high place by stretching up your arm// reach sth down// --She fell while reaching down a vase from the top shelf.//
5 LENGTH/HEIGHT: [I always + adverb/preposition, T not in progressive] to be big enough, long enough etc to get to a
particular point// --The phone lead isn't long enough to reach the bedroom.// --a skirt that reaches halfway down her legs//
reach as far as sth/reach down to sth// --Her hair reaches down to her waist.//
6 ARRIVE: [T] to arrive at a place// --We reached London late at night.// --The pyramids can be reached by public
transport.//
7 SPEAK TO SOMEBODY: [T] if you reach someone, you succeed in speaking to them on the telephone// contact// --
I can probably reach him on his mobile.//
8 BE SEEN/HEARD: [T] if a message, television programme etc reaches a lot of people, they hear it or see it// --Cable
TV reaches a huge audience .//
9 INFORMATION: [T] if information reaches you, you hear about it// --The news reached us in Lahore.//
10 COMMUNICATE: [T] to succeed in making someone understand or accept what you tell them// get through to// --I
just can't seem to reach Ed anymore.//
11 reach for the stars: to aim for something that is very difficult to achieve// reach out to [reach out to sb] phr v// to
show people that you are interested in them and want to listen to them// --So far, his administration has failed to reach out
to hardline Republicans.//
reach 2 n
1 [singular,U] the distance that you can stretch out your arm to touch something: out of/beyond (sb's) reach// --Keep
chemicals out of the reach of children.// within reach (of sb)// --Keep a glass of water within reach.//
2 [singular,U] within (easy) reach of sth: close to a place// --The tourist attractions are within easy reach of the hotel.//
3 the limit of someone's power or ability to do something: beyond the reach of sb// --He lives in Paraguay, well beyond
the reach of the British authorities.//
4 reaches [plural] : a) the parts of a place that are furthest from the centre// the further/outer reaches of sth // --the
further reaches of the jungle// b) the straight part of a river between two bends// --the upper reaches of the Nile//
5 the higher/lower reaches of sth: the high or low levels of an organization or system// --They lingered in the lower
reaches of the Football League.//

utter
adj [only before noun] [Language: Old English; Origin: utera 'further out, outer', from ut 'out']// used to emphasize how
great or complete something is// --That's utter nonsense !// --This company treats its employees with utter contempt .// --I
watched in complete and utter horror as he pulled out a gun.// --fifteen years of utter confusion//
utter 2 v [T] formal [Date: 1300-1400; Language: Middle Dutch; Origin: uteren 'to speak, make known']//
1 to say something: --'You fool!' she uttered in disgust.// --Cantor nodded without uttering a word .//
2 to make a sound with your voice, especially with difficulty: --The wounded prisoner uttered a groan.//
utterance
n formal
1 [C] something you say: --Politicians are judged by their public utterances.//
2 [U] the action of saying something:


pick
v [T] ----------//
1 choose something:
2 flowers/fruit etc:
3 remove something:
4 pick your way through/across/among etc something:
5 pick your nose:
6 pick your teeth:
7 pick somebody's brains:
8 pick a quarrel/fight (with somebody):
9 pick and choose:
10 pick a lock:
11 pick a hole in something:
12 pick holes in something:
13 pick something clean:
14 pick somebody's pocket:
15 pick a winner:
16 pick something to pieces:
17 musical instrument: Phrasal verbs// pick at something// pick somebody/something off// pick on
somebody/something// pick somebody/something out// pick over something// pick through something// pick up//
pick up after somebody// pick up on something// ----------// [Date: 1200-1300; Origin: Partly from unrecorded Old
English pician; partly from Old French piquer 'to prick']//
1 CHOOSE SOMETHING: to choose a person or thing, for example because they are the best or most suitable// --
Students have to pick three courses from a list of 15.// --I don't know which colour to pick.// --Who's going to pick the
team for the match on Saturday?// pick sb/sth for sth// --I wasn't picked for the hockey team.// pick sb/sth as sth// --The
hotel was picked as the best small hotel in the area.// pick sb to do sth// --He was picked to run in the 100 metres.// --
Russell spoke slowly, picking his words (=choosing what to say) very carefully.// picked//
2 FLOWERS/FRUIT ETC: to remove a flower, fruit, nut etc from a plant or tree// --We picked some blackberries to eat
on the way.// --Amy picked a small bunch of wild flowers.// --a dish of freshly picked peas//
3 REMOVE SOMETHING: [always + adverb/preposition] to remove something carefully from a place, especially
something small// pick sth from sth// --Ahmed picked the melon pips from his teeth.// pick sth off (sth)// --She was
nervously picking bits of fluff off her sweater.// pick sth out of sth// --The goalkeeper spent a lot of his time picking the
ball out of the back of the net.//
4 pick your way through/across/among etc sth: to walk in a slow careful way, choosing exactly where to put your feet
down// --She picked her way between the puddles.// --He picked his way down the narrow staircase.//
5 pick your nose: to remove mucus from your nose with your finger// --Don't pick your nose!//
6 pick your teeth: to remove bits of food from between your teeth with your finger or a small pointed object//
7 pick sb's brains: to ask someone who knows a lot about something for information and advice about it// --Have you
got a minute? I need to pick your brains.//
8 pick a quarrel/fight (with sb): to deliberately start a quarrel or fight with someone// --I could see he was trying to pick
a fight with me.//
9 pick and choose: to choose only the best people or things, or only the ones that you really like// --Come on, you
haven't got time to pick and choose.//
10 pick a lock: to use something that is not a key to unlock a door, drawer etc// --It's quite easy to pick the lock on a car
door.//
11 pick a hole in sth: to make a hole in something by pulling it with your fingers// --He had picked a hole in his
jumper.//
12 pick holes in sth: informal to criticize an idea or a plan by saying what its weak points are// --It's easy to pick holes
in her argument.//
13 pick sth clean: to remove all the meat from a bone when you are eating//
14 pick sb's pocket: to quietly steal something from someone's pocket// pickpocket//
15 pick a winner: informal to choose someone or something very good//
16 pick sth to pieces: informal to criticize something very severely and in a very detailed way// --I'm fed up with having
my work picked to pieces.//
17 MUSICAL INSTRUMENT: AmE to play a musical instrument by pulling at its strings with your fingers// pluck//
have a bone to pick with sb at bone1 (10)// pick at [pick at sth] phr v//
1 to eat only small amounts of food because you do not feel hungry or do not like the food: --Paige could only pick at her
meal, forcing down a mouthful or two.//
2 to touch something many times with your fingers, pulling it slightly: --She was picking at her skirt.// pick off [pick
sb/sth off] phr v// to point a weapon carefully at one person or animal in a group, and then shoot them// --There were
gunmen in some of the buildings who picked off our men as they went past.// pick on / [pick on sb/sth] phr v//
1 to behave in an unfair way to someone, for example by blaming them or criticizing them unfairly: --Why don't you pick
on someone else for a change?//
2 BrE to choose a particular person or thing: --Just pick on one job and try to get that finished.// pick out [pick sb/sth
out] phr v//
1 CHOOSE: to choose someone or something from a group// --She picked out a navy blue dress.// --His story was
picked out as the best by the judges.//
2 RECOGNIZE: to recognize someone or something in a group of people or things// --She was able to pick out her
father at the other side of the room.// --I picked out Valerie's voice from among the general conversation.//
3 SEE: if you can pick something out, you can see it but not very clearly// --I could just pick out some letters carved into
the stone.//
4 SHOWN CLEARLY: [usually passive] if something is picked out, it is in a different colour or material from the
background, so that it can be clearly seen// --His name was picked out in gold lettering.//
5 PLAY A TUNE: to play a tune on a musical instrument slowly or with difficulty// --He sat at the piano and picked out
a simple tune.// pick over [pick over sth] phr v// to examine a group of things very carefully in order to choose the ones
you want// --She was sitting at the kitchen table picking over a pile of mushrooms.// pick through [pick through sth] phr
v// to search through a pile of things to find things that you want// --Police are still picking through the rubble looking for
clues to the cause of the explosion.// pick up phr v//
1 LIFT SOMETHING/SOMEBODY UP: pick sth/sb up// to lift something or someone up// --He picked up the letter
and read it.// --The phone rang and I picked it up.// --Mummy, can you pick me up? see usage note hold1 //
2 pick yourself up: to get up from the ground after you have fallen// --Carol picked herself up and brushed the dirt off
her coat.//
3 TIDY SOMETHING: pick sth up// AmE to make a room or building tidy// --Pick up your room before you go to
bed.//
4 GET SOMETHING: pick sth up// informal // a) to get or win something// --He's already picked up three major
prizes this year.// b) to buy something or get it from a shop etc// --I picked up an evening paper on the way home.// --For
more details, pick up a leaflet in your local post office.// c) to get an illness// --I picked up a virus while I was in
America.//
5 COLLECT : pick sth up// to collect something from a place// --I'll pick my things up later.// --She just dropped by
to pick up her mail.//
6 LET SOMEBODY INTO A VEHICLE: pick sb up// to let someone get into your car, boat etc and take them
somewhere// --I'll pick you up at the station.// --The survivors were picked up by fishing boats from nearby villages.//
7 LEARN: pick sth up// to learn something by watching or listening to other people// --I picked up a few words of
Greek when I was there last year.// --Mary watched the other dancers to see if she could pick up any tips.//
8 NOTICE: pick sth up// to notice something that is not easy to notice, such as a slight smell or a sign of something//
--I picked up a faint smell of coffee.// --The dogs picked up the scent and raced off.// --We picked up their tracks again on
the other side of the river.//
9 RADIO/SIGNALS: pick sth up// if a machine picks up a sound, movement, or signal, it is able to notice it or
receive it// --The sensors pick up faint vibrations in the Earth.// --I managed to pick up an American news broadcast.//
10 SEX: pick sb up// to become friendly with someone you have just met because you want to have sex with them//
--young women sitting around in bars waiting to be picked up//
11 START AGAIN: a) if you pick up where you stopped or were interrupted, you start again from that point// --We'll
meet again in the morning and we can pick up where we left off .// b) pick sth up// if you pick up an idea that has been
mentioned, you return to it and develop it further// --I'd like to pick up what you said earlier.// --This same theme is picked
up in his later works.//
12 IMPROVE: a) if a situation picks up, it improves// --Her social life was picking up at last.// --The economy is finally
beginning to pick up again.// --We've been through a bit of a bad patch, but things are picking up again now.// b) pick sb
up// if a medicine or drink picks you up, it makes you feel better// pick-me-up//
13 ROAD: pick sth up// if you pick up a road, you go onto it and start driving along it// --We take the A14 to
Birmingham and then pick up the M5.//
14 TRAIN/BUS: pick sth up// if you pick up a train, bus etc you get onto it and travel on it//
15 pick up speed/steam: to go faster// --The train was gradually picking up speed.//
16 pick up the bill/tab (for sth): informal to pay for something// --Why should the taxpayer pick up the tab for mistakes
made by a private company?//
17 WIND: if the wind picks up, it increases or grows stronger//
18 COLOUR: pick sth up// if one thing picks up a colour in something else, it has an amount of the same colour in it
so that the two things look nice together// --I like the way the curtains pick up the red in the rug.//
19 CRIMINAL: pick sb up// if the police pick someone up, they take them somewhere to answer questions or to be
locked up// --He was picked up by police as he was trying to leave the country.//
20 pick up the pieces (of sth): to try to make your life normal again after something very bad has happened to you// --
Thousands of victims of the earthquake are now faced with the task of picking up the pieces of their lives.//
21 pick up the threads (of sth): if you pick up the threads of something that you were doing, you try to return to it and
start doing it again after it stopped or was changed// --Now that the war was over they could pick up the threads of their
lives again.//
22 pick your feet up: spoken used to tell someone to walk properly or more quickly// pick up after [pick up after sb] phr
v// to tidy things that someone else has left untidy// --I'm tired of picking up after you!// pick up on [pick up on sth] phr
v//
1 to notice something about the way someone is behaving or feeling, even though they are trying not to show it: --
Children pick up on our worries and anxieties.//
2 to return to a point or an idea that has been mentioned and discuss it more: --I'd like to pick up on a point that Steven
made earlier.//
3 pick sb up on sth: to criticize someone slightly for something they have said// --I knew he was lying and I should have
picked him up on it.//
pick 2 n [Sense: 1-3; Date: 1500-1600; Origin: PICK1]// [Sense: 4-5; Date: 1300-1400; Origin: pike]//
1 [U] if you can have your pick or take your pick of different things, you can choose which one you want: --Have a look
at the menu and take your pick .// --He knew he could take his pick of any of the girls in the office.// --Sarah could have
her pick of any university in the country.// have/get first pick (of sth) // --She always gets first pick of the videos.//
2 the pick of sth: informal the best things in a group// --In tonight's programme we'll be discussing the pick of this
month's new movies.// --There were fifteen candidates for the job, and he was the pick of the bunch (=the best one) .//
3 [C] informal your pick is the person or thing that you have chosen from a group: choice// --There are a lot of good
horses in the race, but Archimedes would be my pick.//
4 [C] a pickaxe:
5 [C] informal a small, flat object that you use for pulling at the strings of a musical instrument such as a guitar:
plectrum// ice pick//


flutter
v [Language: Old English; Origin: floterian]//
1 [I and T] if a bird or insect flutters, or if it flutters its wings, it flies by moving its wings lightly up and down: --A small
bird fluttered past the window.//
2 [I] to make small gentle movements in the air: --Dead leaves fluttered slowly to the ground.// --The flag fluttered in the
light breeze.//
3 [I] if your heart or your stomach flutters, you feel very excited or nervous:
4 [I] if your eyelids flutter, they move slightly when you are asleep: --Her eyelids fluttered but did not open.//
5 flutter your eyelashes (at sb): if a woman flutters her eyelashes at a man, she looks at him and moves her eyes to make
herself attractive to him//
flutter 2 n [singular]
1 a feeling of being nervous, confused, or excited: in a flutter// --She was all in a flutter.// --His sudden resignation
caused quite a flutter.//
2 a flutter of sth: a sudden feeling that is not very strong// --She felt a flutter of curiosity.//
3 a light gentle movement: flutter of// --a flutter of wings//
4 have a flutter: BrE informal to risk a small amount of money on the result of something such as a horse race// have a
bet//
impulse
n [Date: 1600-1700; Language: Latin; Origin: impulsus, from the past participle of impellere; IMPEL]//
1 [U and C] a sudden strong desire to do something without thinking about whether it is a sensible thing to do: urge//
impulse to do sth// --a sudden impulse to laugh// --Marge's first impulse was to run.// --Gerry couldn't resist the impulse
to kiss her.// on impulse// --On impulse, I picked up the phone and rang her.// --Most beginners buy plants on impulse
and then hope for the best.// impulse buying/shopping (=when you buy things that you had not planned to buy) //
2 [C] technical a short electrical signal that travels in one direction along a nerve or wire: --The eye converts light signals
to nerve impulses.//
3 [C] a reason or aim that causes a particular kind of activity or behaviour: --It is the passions which provide the main
impulse of music.//
impulsive
adj someone who is impulsive does things without considering the possible dangers or problems first// --Rosa was
impulsive and sometimes regretted things she'd done.// --In a burst of impulsive generosity, I offered to pay.// --
impulsively adv // --'Oh, Anne, I do love you!' he said impulsively.// -- impulsiveness n [U] //

dizzy
adj [Language: Old English; Origin: dysig 'stupid']//
1 feeling unable to stand steadily, for example because you are looking down from a high place or because you are ill:
giddy// --The heat and the champagne made him feel dizzy .// --She started to suffer from dizzy spells (=a short period
when you feel dizzy) .// dizzy with// --Ruth felt dizzy with relief.//
2 the dizzy heights (of sth): an important position - used humorously// --Naomi had reached the dizzy heights of
manageress.//
3 informal stupid and forgetful: --a dizzy blonde//
4 very busy and exciting: --Hong Kong buzzes from dawn to dusk at a dizzy pace.// -- dizziness n [U] // --headaches,
dizziness, and vomiting// -- dizzily adv //
dizzying
adj making you feel dizzy// --The riverbank rushed towards her with dizzying speed.//

nick
n [Date: 1400-1500; Origin: Perhaps from nock 'small cut in the end of a bow for the string to fit in' (14-20 centuries)]//
1 in the nick of time: just before it is too late, or just before something bad happens// --Luckily, help arrived in the nick
of time.//
2 in good nick/in bad nick etc: BrE informal in good condition or in bad condition// --It's an old car but it's still in good
nick.//
3 [C] a very small cut made on the edge or surface of something:
4 the nick: BrE informal a police station//
nick 2 v [T]
1 BrE informal to steal something: pinch, steal// --Someone's nicked my wallet.// nick sth from sb/sth// --You nicked
those pens from my desk.//
2 to make a small cut in the surface or edge of something, usually by accident: --He nicked his hand on some broken
glass.//
3 BrE informal if the police nick you, they catch you and charge you with a crime: arrest// --You're nicked!//


flare
v
1 also flare up : [I] to suddenly begin to burn, or to burn more brightly for a short time// --The fire flared up again.//
2 also flare up : [I] if strong feelings flare or flare up, people suddenly become angry, violent etc// --Rioting has flared
up in several northern towns.// -- Tempers flared during the debate.//
3 also flare up : [I] if a disease or illness flares up, it suddenly becomes worse// --The injury has flared up again,
keeping him out of today's game.//
4 [I and T] if a person or animal flares their nostrils (=the openings at the end of the nose) , or if their nostrils flare, their
nostrils become wider because they are angry: --The bull flared its nostrils and charged.//
5 [I always + adverb/preposition] if a piece of clothing flares out, it becomes wider at one end: flare out// --The dress
flares out from the hips.// -- flared adj // --flared jeans//
flare 2 n
1 [C] a piece of equipment that produces a bright flame, or the flame itself, used outdoors as a signal: --The distress flares
were spotted by another ship.//
2 [C usually singular] a sudden bright flame: --There was a brief flare as the match was lit.//
3 flares [plural] trousers that become wide below the knee:

sincere
adj [Date: 1500-1600; Language: Latin; Origin: sincerus 'clean, pure']//
1 a feeling, belief, or statement that is sincere is honest and true, and based on what you really feel and believe: genuine//
sincere thanks/thank you/gratitude // --I would like to say a sincere thank you to everyone who has helped and supported
me.// --Please accept my sincere apologies .// --his sincere desire to find out the truth//
2 someone who is sincere is honest and says what they really feel or believe: insincere// --a warm-hearted, sincere
man// sincere in// --They were obviously sincere in their beliefs.// --I wasn't sure that he was sincere in what he was
saying.//
sincerely
adv
1 if you feel or believe something sincerely, you really feel or believe it and are not just pretending: truly// --I sincerely
hope I'll see her again.// --We are sincerely grateful for your help.//
2 (yours) sincerely: an expression used to end a formal letter, especially one that you have begun by using someone's
name//
sincerity
n [U] when someone is sincere and really means what they are saying// --I don't doubt her sincerity, but I think she's got
her facts wrong.// --May I say in all sincerity that we could not have achieved this much without your help and support.//


A white apron coupled with a wavy skirt, a blouse, and white stockings only served to make her
more adorable. The lacy headband and the large butterfly-knot increased her charm.


Solemn
This is based on hindsightit can't be wrong.

Asahina tidied her rumpled uniform and raised her head looking at me. Hey, don't look at me like
that, you're putting me in an embarrassing situation.

Fragile

Like a field mouse fleeing from a raging brush fire,
commuter
glowing brightly


sugar cube


crystallized and dissolved
Nagato's glasses fell from her face and softly bounced as they hit the ground.
dissolved
break free from this deadlock

sand dunes
rapport