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ASSIGNMENT: LITERATURE REVIEW

Alcohol Related Problems
The mutual help program is referred to as the Alcoholic Anonymous program. There are many
forms of this particular program. The objective of this program is to provide relief to the
individuals who have suffered from alcohol related problems in their respective lives. It can be
intuitively commented that not everyone is an addict personality. There are individuals who can
control their respective desires and put a break on their drinking habits whenever they wish to do
it. However, the literature review on these topics reveals that there are many cases wherein the
control of the drinking habits or the alcohol consumption is beyond the control level of the
individual. There are individuals who need help as they increasingly find that their drinking
habits are causing a concern to their various strata of life including their physical well-being,
financial status, relationships with family, friends and peers etc (Alcoholics Anonymous 1976).
The alcoholic anonymous program helps an alcohol addict to improve their attitudes of their
personality. It involves the other members to confront with the participants on a regular basis
which makes the addict more conscious and self-aware of their own personality so that they
happen to realize their real self in a much comprehensive manner. It also assumes to improve the
spirituality levels of the individuals and the addicts as they are made to believe that a power
greater than one self can help them in recovering from the problem of addiction that they are
facing. The need for Alcoholic Anonymous program was greater identified when World Health
Organization declared alcohol addiction as a disease where certain individuals could not deal
with the issues of controlling their drinking habits and the same started to create havoc in their
lives as well as the lives of those which are related to them in some way or the other
(CAETANO 1993).


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Different ethnic groups and cultural parties have made use of this program in order to deal with
this growing concern. The program which was initiated by the whites in the beginning is
followed by many
cultures of the world including the Asian communities. It would be rather safe to assume that the
core values in the different cultures followed in the globe show great degree of disparity. The
problems created by alcohol consumption in great degrees causes emotional imbalance and
problems of other nature in all the individuals even if they are from differing cultural
backgrounds. This is evident from the fact that this program is followed in Asian countries like
India as well though it was incepted by the western culture essentially (HUMPHREYS 1994).
The various cultures and their involvement with this program have strengthened the experiences
of the individuals that have faced this problem of dealing with alcohol related problems. The
meeting held in the alcoholic anonymous programs which helps the addicts to overcome their
problems of alcohol and they are free to post their opinions as well as discuss their opinions of
what they feel have changed in their respective personality after taking the help of this program
(Project MATCH 1993).
The program is essentially called mutual help as the same is related to all those individuals who
are seeking help for these problems. They show where an individual is lacking in their attitudes
which can make them a better civilized human being who is more responsible and is ready to
accept the consequences of his actions. It is generally seen that people with alcohol related
problems are not so concerned about the well-being of their families. They were also reluctant in
taking the responsibilities of their families and were generally engrossed in their own lives which
started with alcohol and ended with that only (TONIGAN 1996).
The cultures has little importance as the after effects of over drinking make an individual lose
their sanity and they often do acts which a normal sober person would not be keen to act upon.
The only difference apparent with different cultures is the fact as to how they perceive the
alcohol related problems to be a concern. There are many cultures that are highly conservative in
nature and perceive alcohol related problems as greatly serious in nature. For example- the to the


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age groups as people of younger age group are easily influenced by the actions they follow in the
society. They would also show reluctance to abstain from alcohol since they follow a very easy
going personality in their lives. They are highly influenced by movies, television where they see
actors smoking and drinking and leading cool lives, as they perceive(Project MATCH 1993).
Also, the alcohol anonymous program strives to instigate a greater level of spiritual freedom in
an individual life so that he becomes more responsible in his life and clearly views his alcohol
problem and hence deal with the same in a rational sense. The program seeks to improve the
humane problem of alcohol related diseases in particular. (Project MATCH 1993).
Variables within the Youth and adults which finally effect on the population It has been seen that
the youth crowd is increasingly getting influenced by the advertisements, their elders or say idols
are leading them towards the addiction of alcohol. The excess of alcohol is critical for any age
group. The system or government of these countries is unable to solve the problem of alcohol in
among the population. The basic nature of humans is that they dont realize the excess of alcohol
and latterly realize when they have lost something. There are many factors which leads an
individual for taking these extreme steps. However, there are few instances when the children
and adults fall in to habit of alcohol and as they are in wrong groups which lead to adverse
effects in their life. T the effects are very hazardous as they shorten the life span of the end users.
It also causes many disease in the body of the human which leads to whipping the funds of the
family as they spends huge amount of money in the treatment done and medicines required for
helping their loved one get out of the danger. But it has been observed that alcohol also helps in
curing some of disease and making the bones strong of the patient (TONIGAN 1996).
If some strategies are been followed it can solve the problem of the crowd. It is believed that it
is hard to come out of the addiction of alcohol but not impossible. There are many organization
which helps in curing the addiction of the patent thats in debt with this addiction. There are
to facilitate the funds for the treatment (HUMPHREYS 1994).


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Looking towards the problem been created among human with alcohol can be held by
implementing economic policies which will lead to increase in the fares of the liquor so that the
consumption goes low with level. And next steps is to ban the other drugs which will be taken as
for the subsidies of the alcohol. This can lead the individual not to be in interest of alcohol and
can save their lifes.
The other economic policies that government should get along with is to implement
government centers and increasing the spending on hospitals, clinic and medical awareness camp
which in turn can help people get out of this addictive abuse and produce such a drugs which are
life saving. The government bodies can go along with surveys or feedback session with the
general society which help in measuring the health faculties they are offering to the public and is
public happy and satisfied with their services. This problem of alcoholism can be resolved by the
effective ways been disclosed above and majorly by increasing the awareness among people and
motivating the people who are already suffering from the menace of Alcohol (Alcoholics
Anonymous 1976).
References
Alcoholics Anonymous. Alcoholics Anonymous. 3d ed. New York: Alcoholics Anonymous
World Services Inc., 1976.
CAETANO, R. Ethnic minority groups and Alcoholics Anonymous: A review. In: McCrady,
B.S., and Miller, W.R., eds. Research on Alcoholics Anonymous: Opportunities and
Alternatives. Piscataway. NJ: Rutgers Center for Alcohol Studies, 1993. pp. 209-232.
HUMPHREYS, K.; MAVIS, B.E.; AND STOFFELMAYR, B.E. Are twelve step programs
appropriate for disenfranchised groups? Evidence from a study of posttreatment mutual help
involvement. Prevention in Human Services 11(1)165-179, 1994.


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Project MATCH Research Group. Project MATCH: Rationale and methods for a multisite
clinical trial matching patients to alcoholism treatment. Alcoholism: Clinical and Experimental
Research 17:1130-1145, 1993.
TONIGAN, J.S.; CONNORS, G.J.; AND MILLER, W.R. The Alcoholics Anonymous
Involvement scale (AAI): Reliability and norms. Psychology of Addictive Behaviors 10:75-80,
1996.
J. SCOTT TONIGAN, PH.D., is deputy director of research and WILLIAM R. MILLER, PH.D.,
is director of research of the Center on Alcoholism, Substance Abuse, and Addictions (CASAA),
University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico.
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