0 évaluation0% ont trouvé ce document utile (0 vote)
201 vues2 pages
The objective of this is to compare two microprocessor from the past and present generation along with their detail of performance, hardware and software specification. For this assignment, I have picked Intel Pentium 4 Processor 519K that lunch on 4th quarter of 2004 and Intel Core i7-4790K Processor that lunch on the 2nd quarter of 2014.
Titre original
Performance Comparison of Two Microprocessors from Different Generations
The objective of this is to compare two microprocessor from the past and present generation along with their detail of performance, hardware and software specification. For this assignment, I have picked Intel Pentium 4 Processor 519K that lunch on 4th quarter of 2004 and Intel Core i7-4790K Processor that lunch on the 2nd quarter of 2014.
The objective of this is to compare two microprocessor from the past and present generation along with their detail of performance, hardware and software specification. For this assignment, I have picked Intel Pentium 4 Processor 519K that lunch on 4th quarter of 2004 and Intel Core i7-4790K Processor that lunch on the 2nd quarter of 2014.
Electronics and Microprocessor Assigment 3 Muhamad Asyraf Bin Md Zin (KEM110033) Department of Mechanical Faculty of Engineering University of Malaya neozeroash@hotmail.com
Abstract - The objective of this assignment is to compare two microprocessor from the past and present generation along with their detail of performance, hardware and software specification. For this assignment, I have picked Intel Pentium 4 Processor 519K that lunch on 4 th quarter of 2004 and Intel Core i7-4790K Processor that lunch on the 2 nd quarter of 2014. By this, we can see how microprocessor has been developed, innovate and evolve for just about 10 years. I. INTRODUCTION OF MICROPROCESSOR A microprocessor incorporates the functions of a computer's central processing unit (CPU) on a single integrated circuit (IC), or at most a few integrated circuits. It is a silicon chip that contains a CPU. In the world of personal computers, the terms microprocessor and CPU are used interchangeably. At the heart of all personal computers and most workstations sits a microprocessor. All modern CPUs are microprocessors making the micro-prefix redundant. The microprocessor is a multipurpose, programmable device that accepts digital data as input, processes it according to instructions stored in its memory, and provides results as output. It is an example of sequential digital logic, as it has internal memory. Microprocessors operate on numbers and symbols represented in the binary numeral system. Microprocessors also control the logic of almost all digital devices, from clock radios to fuel-injection systems for automobiles. II. INTRODUCTION OF SELECTED MICROPROCESSOR A. Intel Pentium 4 Pentium 4 is a line of single-core desktop and laptop central processing units (CPUs) introduced by Intel on November 20, 2000 and shipped through August 8, 2008. They had a 7th-generation x86 microarchitecture, called NetBurst, which was the company's first all-new design since the introduction of the P6 microarchitecture of the Pentium Pro CPUs in 1995. NetBurst featured a very deep instruction pipeline to achieve very high clock speeds. Intel claimed that NetBurst would allow clock speeds of up to 10 GHz; however, severe problems with heat dissipation (especially with the Prescott Pentium 4) limited CPU clock speeds to a much lower 3.8 GHz. In 2004, the initial 32-bit x86 instruction set of the Pentium 4 microprocessors was extended by the 64-bit x86-64 set. B. Intel Core i7 4 th Gen (Haswell) The Intel Core is a multi-core processor microarchitecture unveiled by Intel in Q1 2006. The first processors that used this architecture were code-named Merom, Conroe, and Woodcrest. The high power consumption and heat intensity, the resulting inability to effectively increase clock speed, and other shortcomings such as the inefficient pipeline were the primary reasons for which Intel abandoned the NetBurst microarchitecture and switched to completely different architectural design, delivering high efficiency through a small pipeline rather than high clock speeds. III. TECHNICAL COMPARISON Table I below shows the comparison of the essentials specification processor between Intel Pentium 4 519K and Intel Core i7-4790K. TABLE I. SPECIFICATION COMPARISON Specification Microprocessor Pentium4 Core i7 Haswell Number of Cores 1 4 Clock Speed 3.06 GHz 4 GHz Cache 1 MB L2 Cache 8 MB Bus Type FSB DMI2 System Bus 533 MHz 5 GT/S Instruction Set 64-bit 64-bit Lithography 90 nm 22 nm Max TDP 84 W 88 W Case Temperature 67.7 o C 72.72 o C
Cores is a hardware term that describes the number of independent central processing units in a single computing component (die or chip). Just like a stopwatch, clock speed measures how fast a processor performs an activity. Clock speed rates are shown in gigahertz (GHz), which means a billion cycles per second. On Pentium 4 519K the number of core is 1 with speed of 3.06 GHz while core i7 Haswell have 4 core with speed of 4 GHz on each core that also have 8 threads (software term for the basic ordered sequence of instructions that can be passed through or processed by a single CPU core) in it which makes the Core i7 Haswell processor run multiple task more efficient and fast without lagging and burden each of these core. Therefore, these efficiency creates uniform hear around the core, thus making it more durable in long term of use. A CPU cache is a cache used by the central processing unit (CPU) of a computer to reduce the average time to access memory. The cache is a smaller, faster memory which stores copies of the data from frequently used main memory locations. When the processor needs to read from or write to a location in main memory, it first checks whether a copy of that data is in the cache. If so, the processor immediately reads from or writes to the cache, which is much faster than reading from or writing to main memory. On Pentium 4, the cache is 1 MB while Core i7 Haswell has 8 MB thus having a bigger capacity. Bigger cache along with high rate of clock speed will make a better cache performance (measure of the effectiveness of the cache for a given program or algorithm) on the Core i7 Haswell. A bus is a subsystem that transfers data between computer components or between computers. Pentium 4 use front-side bus (FSB) communication interface, which carries data between the CPU and memory controller hub. Core i7 use the direct media interface (DMI), which is a point-to-point interconnection between an Intel integrated memory controller and an Intel I/O controller hub on the computers motherboard. An instruction set refers to the basic set of commands and instructions that a microprocessor understands and can carry out. The value shown represents which Intels instruction set this processor is compatible with. Both of the processor are compatible up to 64-bit. The Intel Core microarchitecture also includes an enhanced Arithmetic Logic Unit (ALU) to further facilitate macrofusion. Its single cycle execution of combined instruction pairs results in increased performance for less power. Calculation in a single clock design an extraordinarily complex ALU that calculates the square root of any number in a single step. The Pentium 4 processor execution units are designed to optimize overall performance by handling the most common cases as fast as possible. The Pentium 4 processor can do fully dependent ALU operations at twice the main clock rate. The ALU-bypass loop is a key closed loop in the processor pipeline. Approximately 60-70% of all uops in typical integer programs use this key integer ALU loop. Executing these operations at the latency of the main clock helps speed up program execution for most programs. Doing the ALU operations in one half a clock cycle does not buy a 2x performance increase, but it does improve the performance for most integer applications. Pentium 4 processor is capable of addressing up to 4 GB of RAM. Chipset/motherboard limitations may make the possible max for a system less than that. Most of it compatible to DDR2 which fastest memory clock is only around 266 MHz. Max memory bandwidth is up to 8.53 GB/s. On the other hand, Core i7 Haswell can support up to 32 GB of RAM, DDR3 memory interface which have memory clock and bandwidth up to 1600 MHz 25.6 GB/s respectively. IV. ADDITIONAL FEATURE COMPARISON Most of new generation Intel processor such as Core i7 Haswell comes with may feature and advance technology to enhance performance of the desktop/laptop. For example, Intel Turbo Boost Technology which dynamically increases the processor's frequency as needed by taking advantage of thermal and power headroom to give a burst of speed when needed, and increased energy efficiency when it is not needed. Then, theres Intel Hyper-Threading Technology that delivers two processing threads per physical core. Highly threaded applications can get more work done in parallel, completing tasks sooner. One of the most useful feature is that it has an integrated graphic unit that improve the performance graphic capabilities without the need of an external graphic processing unit (GPU). On the Core i7 Haswell processor, the integrated GPU model is Intel HD Graphics 4600. It has graphics base frequency of 350 MHz and can max out up to 1.25 GHz. The graphics video memory is up to 1 GB. The Pentium 4 do not have any integrated GPU, therefore, in needed of an external GPU to help enhance video or any graphic software. REFERENCES [1] Osborne, Adam (1980). An Introduction to Microcomputers. Volume 1: Basic Concepts (2nd ed.). Berkely, California: Osborne-McGraw Hill. ISBN 0-931988-34-9 [2] Krishna Kant Microprocessors And Microcontrollers: Architecture Programming And System Design PHI Learning Pvt. Ltd., 2007 ISBN 81-203-3191-5 page 61, describing the iAPX 432 [3] Intel Core i7 Haswell Family Datasheet at http://www.intel.com/content/www/us/en/processors/core/4th-gen- core-family-desktop-vol-1-datasheet.html [4] Glenn Hinton, The Microarchitecture of the Pentium 4 Processor at http://www.ecs.umass.edu/ece/koren/ece568/papers/Pentium4.pdf [5] Comparison of Intel CPU at http://ark.intel.com/compare/ [6] Definition of Microprocessor at http://www.webopedia.com/TERM/M/microprocessor.html