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Chapter 13
Nonlinear Simulations
13.1 Basics of Nonlinear Simulations
13.2 Step-by-Step: Translational Joint
13.3 Step-by-Step: Microgripper
13.4 More Exercise: Snap Lock
13.5 Review
Section 13.1
Basics of Nonlinear Simulations
Key Concepts
Nonlinearities
Causes of Structural Nonlinearities
Steps, Substeps, and Iterations
Newton-Raphson Method
Force/Displacement Convergence
Solution Information
Line Search
Contact Types
Contact versus Target
Contact Formulations
Additional Contact Settings
Pinball Region
Interface Treatment
Time Step Controls
Update Stiffness
Force {F}
Nonlinearities
we may write
[1] In a linear
simulation, [K]
(slope of the line)
is constant.
Displacement {D}
{ } {}
K(D) D = F
Force {F}
[2] In a nonlinear
simulation, [K] (slope
of the curve) is
changing with {D}.
Displacement {D}
Geometry Nonlinearity
Topology Nonlinearity
Material Nonlinearity
[1] Number of
steps can be
specied here.
[2] To switch
between steps,
type a step number
here.
Newton-Raphson Method
Force/Displacement
Convergence
[1] You can turn
on <Force
Convergence> and
set the criterion.
[3] When shell
elements or beam
elements are used,
<Moment
Convergence> can be
activated.
Solution Information
Line Search
10
Contact Types
Bonded
No Separation
Frictionless
Rough
Frictional
Linear versus Nonlinear Contacts
11
12
13
Contact Formulations
[1] Workbench
offers several
formulations to
enforce contact
compatibility.
Additional Contact
Settings
Pinball Region
Interface Treatment
Time Step Controls
Update Stiffness
14
Section 13.2
Translational Joint
20
60
Problem Description
[1] The
translational joint
is used to connect
two machine
components, so
that the relative
motion of the
components is
restricted in this
direction.
20
40
15
Results
Force (N)
[1] Nonlinear
Solution.
120
101.73
90
74.67
60
30
0
10
20
30
Displacement (mm)
40
16
Section 13.3
Microgripper
Problem Description
The microgripper is made of PDMS and actuated by a SMA (shape memory alloy)
actuator; it is tested by gripping a glass bead in a lab. In this section, we want to
assess the gripping forces on the glass bead under an actuation force of 40 N
exerted by the SMA device.
17
Results
[1] contact
status.
[2] contact
pressure.
18
Section 13.4
19
20
Snap Lock
10
5
Problem Description
10
20
30
simulation is to nd out
17
5
8
20
[3] Because of
friction, the curve is
not symmetric.
21