2

nd
year civil Tanta University
1
st
semester 2010 Faculty of Eng.
Fluid mechanics Irri. & Hyd. Eng. Det
!heet "
#asics of fluid $otion
1 % &sume the conduit sho'n in fig 1 has inside diameters of 12 in and 1( in at
sections 1 and 2 resectively if 'ater is flo'ing in the conduit at a velocity of 1)
ft*sec at section 2+ find a% velocity at section 1 ,%volume flo' rate at section 2 c%
volume flo' rate at section
2 d%'eight flo' rate and e%mass flo' rate .
2 % The 'ater tan- in fig 2 is ,eing filled through section 1 at
v
1
./m*sec and through section 0at 1
0
..01m0*sec if 'ater level h is constant+
determine e2it velocity v
2
.
0 % 3il 4s.g..()5 enters at section 1 in fig 0 at .0) 6*sec to lu,ricate a thrust ,earing.
The 10 cm diameter ,earing lates are 2 mm aart. &ssuming steady flo'+ comute
the inlet average velocity v
1
+ outlet average velocity v
2
a summing redial flo'+ and
out let volume flu2 .
Dr. #a-ena7 &. 8edan


1
2
FIG 1
h
d
D1=5cm
D2=7cm
Q3=.01M3/SEC
1
2
3
FIG 2
2
nd
year civil Tanta University
1
st
semester 2010 Faculty of Eng.
Fluid mechanics Irri. & Hyd. Eng. Det
/ % The flo' in the inlet ,et'een arallel in fig / is uniform
u.v
o
./cm*sec. 'hile do'n stream the flo' develos in to ara,olic laminar rofile
u.a7 47
o
%75+ 'here a is a constant. If 7
o
.1 cm and the fluid is glycerin at 20 c+ for
steady flo' 'hat is the value of u
ma2
.
" % &summing the container in fig " a is large and losses negligi,le+ derive a
e2ression for the distance 2 'here the free 9et leaving hori7ontally 'ill stri-e he
floor+ as a function of h and H. s-etch the free tra9ectories for h*H . .2" + and .:" .
Dr. #a-ena7 &. 8edan


D=10cm
D1=3mm
H=2mm
FIG 3
Z=O
Z=Z
O
U
max
U
O
FIG 4
2
nd
year civil Tanta University
1
st
semester 2010 Faculty of Eng.
Fluid mechanics Irri. & Hyd. Eng. Det
) % ;ater flo's at 10 m
0
*sec in a 1"0% cm < diameter ie+ the head loss in a 1000% m
length of this ie is 20 cm. Find the rate of energy loss due to ie friction .
: % In fig )+ 'ater flo's from a + 'here the diameter is 12 in to , + 'here the diameter
is 2/ in + at the rate of 10.2 cfs . The ressure head at a is 22.1 ft. considering no
losses of energy from a to ,+ find the ressure head at , .
( % & tur,ine is rated at ) h 'hen the flo' of 'ater trough it is 21." cfs . &ssuming
an efficiency of (: ercent. ;hat head is acting on the tur,ine =
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>
? % Fig : sho's a um dra'ing 'ater from a reservoir and discharging it in to the
air at oint a+ the ressure at oint a in the suction ie is vacuum of 10 in mercury+
and the discharge is 0 ft
0
*sec. Determine the total head at oint a and at oint , 'ith
resect to datum at the ,ase of the reservoir .
Dr. #a-ena7 &. 8edan


h
H
X
!
FIG 5
Z"=25 #$
Za=10#$
a
"
FIG %
&a$'(

200 mm 2 m
1.5 m
3
2
1
FIG )
2
nd
year civil Tanta University
1
st
semester 2010 Faculty of Eng.
Fluid mechanics Irri. & Hyd. Eng. Det
10 % The sihon of fig ( is filled 'ith 'ater and discharge at 1"0 l*sec .find the losses
from oint 1 to oint 0 in terms of velocity head v
2
*2g.find the ressure at oint 2 if
t'o thirds of the losses occur
,et'een oint 1 and oint 2 .
11 % For the 'ater shooting out of the ie sho'n in fig ? .find the height a,ove the
no77le to 'hich the 'ater 9et 'ill shot 4distance h in fig ? 5. &ssume negligi,le head
loss .
Dr. #a-ena7 &. 8edan


a
"
40 #$
15 #$
25 #$
*UM*
FIG 7
D=)+,
D=10+,
2
nd
year civil Tanta University
1
st
semester 2010 Faculty of Eng.
Fluid mechanics Irri. & Hyd. Eng. Det
12 % Determine the velocity and ressure at section 2 and section 0 if 'ater flo's
steadily through the ie system sho'n in fig 10 .assume ahead losses of ) ft from
section 1 to section 2 and of 1" ft from section 2 to section 0 .
10 % & large tan- 'ith a 'ell rounded+ small oening as an out let is sho'n in fig 11.
;hat is the velocity of a 9et issuing from the tan- =
Dr. #a-ena7 &. 8edan


-
D=200mm
*=55 ./a
0!112' d=100mm
FIG 3
h
100 mm
10 #$
15 #$
20 #$
D=12 +,
D=) +,
D=1% +,
*=25
=5#$/4'c
1
2
3
FIG 10
2
nd
year civil Tanta University
1
st
semester 2010 Faculty of Eng.
Fluid mechanics Irri. & Hyd. Eng. Det
1/ % 6eglecting losses+ find the discharge trough the venturei meter of 12.1"%the
li@uid in fig 12is gasoline 4s.g..("5.the losses in the e2ist ie e@ual -v2*2g+ 'here -
. ). The tan- reservoir is large. Aomute the flo' rate in cu,ic feet er minute .
1) % The flo' from t'o reservoirs mi2es together and flo's through a common ie
the elevations and ie diameters are indicated in fig 10. #oth reservoirs contain the
same li@uid and are oen to the atmoshere. The common ie emties to the
atmoshere. 6eglecting any frictional effects+ find the flo' rate through the
common ie .
Dr. #a-ena7 &. 8edan


1
h
2
FIG 11
300 mm
150 mm
200 mm
FIG 12
2
nd
year civil Tanta University
1
st
semester 2010 Faculty of Eng.
Fluid mechanics Irri. & Hyd. Eng. Det
1: % ;ater flo's at 10 ft*sec through a ie 1000 ft long 'ith diameter 1 in. The inlet
ressure
1
.200si+ and the e2it section is 100 ft higher than the inlet. ;hat is the
e2it ressure
2
if the friction head loss is 0" ft =
_________________________________________________________
1(%If 'e neglect friction entirely for the sihon sho'n in fig 1/+ 'hat is the
velocity of the 'ater leaving at c as a free 9et= ;hat are the ressures of the
'ater in the tu,e at , and at a.

Dr. #a-ena7 &. 8edan


&-5E6
1.2M
2.4 M
C
-
7
FIG 14
6ES 1
6ES 2
H
2
H
1
d2
d1
d3
1
FIG 13
3
2
nd
year civil Tanta University
1
st
semester 2010 Faculty of Eng.
Fluid mechanics Irri. & Hyd. Eng. Det
Dr. #a-ena7 &. 8edan