All Neurons - NeuroLex

1/18/2014 All Neurons - NeuroLex
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A
A1 neuron
A2 neuron
A3 neuron
A4 neuron
A5 neuron
A6 neuron
A7 neuron
A8 neuron
Abdominal 10 sensory neuron
Abdominal 9 sensory neuron
Abdominal intersegmental bidendritic neuron isbp
Abdominal intersegmental trachea-associated neuron istd
Abdominal neuron
Abdominal posterior fascicle neuron
H CONT.
Hippocampus CA1 IS-II neuron
Hippocampus CA1 IS-III neuron
Hippocampus CA1 LM(R) PP neuron
Hippocampus CA1 basket cell
Hippocampus CA1 ivy neuron
Hippocampus CA1 lacunosum moleculare neuron
Hippocampus CA1 neurogliaform neuron
Hippocampus CA1 oriens lacunosum moleculare neuron
Hippocampus CA1 pyramidal cell
Hippocampus CA1 stratum oriens neuron
Hippocampus CA1 trilaminar neuron
Hippocampus CA2 basket cell broad
Hippocampus CA2 basket cell narrow
Hippocampus CA2 bistratified cell broad
P CONT.
Pdf neuron close to calyx
Pdf neuron close to tritocerebrum
Pdf neuron of abdominal neuromere
Peptidergic neuron
Peripherally synapsing interneuron
Photoreceptor cell (FBbt Term)
Photoreceptor cell of Bolwig organ

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FROM NEUROLEX
This is a list of all neurons regardless of what species or neurotransmitter or level of completeness they may have. There are a total of 733 neurons in NeuroLex. This list is also available in
CSV
For neurons organized by neurotransmitter, click here
For only those neurons that have definitions, click here
For only those neurons that are found in vertebrates, click here
For only those neurons that are found in invertebrates, click here
Overview
Abdominal posterior fascicle neuron
Abducens nucleus motor neuron
Accessory nucleus motor neuron
Accumbens nucleus core nucleus neuron
Accumbens nucleus shell neuron
Adult DN period neuron
Adult Pdf neuron
Adult anterior LK leucokinin neuron
Adult dMP2 ILP7 neuron
Adult deuterocerebrum DC tachykinin neuron
Adult dorsomedial neurosecretory cell
Adult labial interneuron
Adult labial motor neuron
Adult labial sensory neuron
Adult lateral horn LHKL leucokinin neuron
Adult leucokinin SELK neuron of the subesophageal ganglion
Adult leucokinin neuron of the central nervous system
Adult olfactory receptor neuron
Adult olfactory receptor neuron Ir64a
Adult optic lobe OL tachykinin neuron
Adult pacemaker neuron
Adult protocerebral LPP1 tachykinin neuron
Adult protocerebral LPP2 tachykinin neuron
Adult protocerebral MPP tachykinin neuron
Adult tachykinin neuron of the central nervous system
Adult tachykinin neuron of the thoracic-abdominal ganglion
Adult tritocerebral TC1 tachykinin neuron
Aminergic neuron
Amygdala basolateral nuclear complex nonpyramidal PV basket
cell
Amygdala basolateral nuclear complex nonpyramidal PV
chandelier cell
Amygdala basolateral nuclear complex nonpyramidal SOM neuron
Amygdala basolateral nuclear complex pyramidal neuron
Amygdala intercalated nuclei small spiny neuron
Amygdala lateral central nucleus medium spiny neuron
Antennal lobe (Honey bee) interneuron
Antennal lobe (Honey bee) principal neuron
Antennal lobe (Manduca) interneuron
Antennal lobe (Manduca) principal neuron
Antennal olfactory receptor neuron
Anteriolateral neurosecretory cell
Anterior crossvein campaniform sensillum neuron
Anterior fascicle sensory neuron
Aplysia buccal 15
Aplysia buccal 20
Aplysia buccal 30
Aplysia buccal 31
Aplysia buccal 4
Aplysia buccal 51
Aplysia buccal 61
Hippocampus CA2 bistratified cell broad
Hippocampus CA2 bistratified cell narrow
Hippocampus CA2 pyramidal neuron
Hippocampus CA3 IS-I cell
Hippocampus CA3 IS-II cell
Hippocampus CA3 axo-axonic cell
Hippocampus CA3 basket cell
Hippocampus CA3 lacunosum moleculare neuron
Hippocampus CA3 oriens interneuron
Hippocampus CA3 oriens lacunosum moleculare neuron
Hippocampus CA3 pyramidal cell
Hippocampus CA3 radiatum neuron
Hippocampus CA3 spiny CR cell
Hirudo P Cell
Hirudo Retzius cell
Histaminergic neuron
Horizontal fiber system neuron
Horizontal fiber system neuron pb1
Hygrosensitive neuron
Hypoglossal nucleus GABA neuron
Hypoglossal nucleus motor neuron
Hypothalamus oxytocin neuroendocrine magnocellular cell
Hypothalamus oxytocin releasing neuroendocrine magnocellular
neuron
Hypothalamus vasopressin neuroendocrine magnocellular neuron
I
I1 motor neuron
III1 motor neuron
III3 motor neuron
IP neuron
Indirect flight muscle motor neuron
Indirect flight muscle motor neuron MN1
Inferior olivary nucleus interneuron
Inferior olivary nucleus principal neuron
Interneuron (FBbt Term)
Intrinsic neuron (FBbt Term)
Intrinsic pb neuron
Intrinsic vbo neuron
Photoreceptor cell of Bolwig organ
Pioneer neuron
Posteriolateral neurosecretory cell
Posterior fascicle sensory neuron
PreBotzinger complex neuron
Projection neuron (FBbt Term)
Prothoracic gland innervating neuron
Prothoracic ventral neurosecretory neuron
Protocerebral bridge lateral neuron PBl
Pupal DN period neuron
Pupal DN1 period neuron
Pupal LN period neuron
Pupal Pdf negative s-LNv neuron
Pupal Pdf neuron
Pupal Pdf neuron close to calyx
Pupal Pdf neuron close to tritocerebrum
Pupal antennal lobes tachykinin neuron
Pupal large descending DN tachykinin neuron
Pupal pacemaker neuron
Pupal protocerebral LPP2 tachykinin neuron
Pupal s-LNv neuron
Pupal tachykinin neuron of the central nervous system
R
Retina B ganglion cell
Retina C ganglion cell
Retina Giant-Melanopsin Ganglion Cell
Retina Off-Midget Ganglion Cell
Retina Off-Upsilon Ganglion Cell
Retina On-Midget Ganglion Cell
Retina On/Off-Parasol Ganglion Cell
Retina Retina narrow-field AII amacrine cell
Retina amacrine cell
Retina bipolar cell
Retina bipolar cell off
Retina bipolar cell on
Retina bistratified amacrine cell
Retina displaced amacrine cell
Retina ganglion cell
Retina ganglion cell B1
Retina ganglion cell C others
Retina ganglion cell C1
Retina horizontal cell
Retina interplexiform cell
Retina medium complex ganglion cell
Retina medium simple ganglion cell
Aplysia buccal 61
Aplysia buccal 8
Aplysia cerebral ganglion metacerebral cell
B
B1 motor neuron
B2 motor neuron
Basalis nucleus cholinergic neuron
Bed nucleus of the stria terminalis basket neuron
Bed nucleus of the stria terminalis beaded neuron
Bed nucleus of the stria terminalis common spiny neuron
Bed nucleus of the stria terminalis dense axon plexus-forming
neuron
Bed nucleus of the stria terminalis small pyramidal neuron
Bed nucleus of the stria terminalis spiny bipolar neuron
Bed nucleus of the stria terminalis spiny neuron with chandelier-like
axon
Bed nucleus of the stria terminalis superficial spiny neuron
Bed nucleus of the stria terminalis triangular neuron
Bilateral intrinsic neuron
Bipolar dendrite neuron
Bipolar neuron of Bolwig nerve
C
Campaniform sensillum L3-1 of wing vein L3 neuron
Carbon dioxide sensitive neuron
Cerebellar deep nucleus principal neuron
Cerebellum Golgi cell
Cerebellum Lugaro cell
Cerebellum Purkinje cell
Cerebellum basket cell
Cerebellum candelabrum cell
Cerebellum granule cell
Cerebellum nucleus reciprocal projections neuron
Cerebellum stellate cell
Cerebellum unipolar brush cell
Chemosensory neuron
Chemosensory neuron of adult labial sensillum 7
Cholinergic neuron (FBbt Term)
Cibarial pump muscle neuron
Ciliary ganglion cell
Ciliated photoreceptor cell
Class I dendritic arborizing neuron
Class II dendritic arborizing neuron
Class III dendritic arborizing neuron
Class IV dendritic arborizing neuron
Cochlea inner hair cell
J
Johnston organ neuron
Johnston organ neuron phasically activated by arista deflection
K
Kenyon cell
L
L1 GRN
L2 GRN
LLN
LN period neuron
LNd neuron
LNv neuron
LP neuron
LP1 neuron
LP2 neuron
Labral sense organ neuron
Lamprey motor neuron
Large adult Pdf neuron of abdominal neuromere
Large field neuron
Large field neuron of the central complex
Larval Pdf neuron
Larval Pdf neuron close to calyx
Larval dorsomedial neurosecretory cell
Larval olfactory receptor neuron Or13a
Larval olfactory receptor neuron Or22c
Larval olfactory receptor neuron Or33b / Or47a
Larval olfactory receptor neuron Or42b
Larval olfactory receptor neuron Or85c
Larval pacemaker neuron
Lateral fan-shaped neuron ExFl1
Retina medium simple ganglion cell
Retina midget bipolar cell
Retina narrow-field bistratified amacrine cell
Retina parasol bipolar cell
Retina photoreceptor L cone cell
Retina photoreceptor M cone cell
Retina photoreceptor S cone cell
Retina photoreceptor cone cell
Retina photoreceptor rod cell
Retina small complex ganglion cell
Retina small simple ganglion cell
Retina starburst amacrine cell
Retina stratified amacrine cell
Retina stratified diffuse amacrine cell
Retina thick dendrite horizontal cell
Retina thin dendrite horizontal cell
Retina type 2 cone bipolar cell
Retina wide field diffuse amacrine cell
Retina wide-field bistratified amacrine cell
Rh5 photoreceptor of Bolwig organ
Rh6 photoreceptor of Bolwig organ
Rhabdomeric photoreceptor cell
Ring neuron
S
S cell
S-LNv neuron
SOG ventral unpaired median neuron
SP1 neuron
SP3 neuron
Scolopidial neuron
Segmental nerve pioneer neuron
Sensory neuron (FBbt Term)
Sensory neuron of trichoid sensillum
Serotonergic neuron (FBbt Term)
Serotonergic-abdominal giant neuron
Small adult Pdf neuron of abdominal segment
Small field neuron
Small field neuron of the central complex
Solitary tract nucleus HSD2 neuron
Solitary tract nucleus intrinsic cell
Solitary tract nucleus principal cell
Somatogastric ganglion neuron
Sound activated Johnston organ neuron
SpA neuron
SpB neuron
Cochlea inner hair cell
Cochlea outer hair cell
Cochlear nucleus (dorsal) Golgi cell
Cochlear nucleus (dorsal) cartwheel cell
Cochlear nucleus (dorsal) giant cell
Cochlear nucleus (dorsal) pyramidal neuron
Cochlear nucleus (dorsal) stellate cell
Cochlear nucleus (dorsal) unipolar brush cell
Cochlear nucleus (dorsal) vertical cell
Cochlear nucleus (ventral) globular bushy cell
Cochlear nucleus (ventral) multipolar D cell
Cochlear nucleus (ventral) multipolar T cell
Cochlear nucleus (ventral) multipolar cell
Cochlear nucleus (ventral) octopus cell
Cochlear nucleus (ventral) spherical bushy cell
Colliculus Inferior GABAergic Principal Cell
Colliculus inferior intrinsic cell
Colliculus inferior principal cell
Colliculus superior deep vertical fusiform cell
Colliculus superior intermediate vertical fusiform cell
Colliculus superior inverted pyramidal cell
Colliculus superior piriform cell
Colliculus superior pyramidal cell
Colliculus superior stellate neuron
Colliculus superior type I ganglion cell
Colliculus superior wide field vertical cell
Cranial relay neuron
D
DN1 neuron
DN1a neuron
DN1p neuron
DN2 neuron
DN3 neuron
DN3a neuron
DRG IA cell
DRG IB cell
DRG II cell
DRG Meissner's corpuscle cell
DRG Merckel disc cell
DRG Pacinian corpuscle cell
DRG hair follicle cell
DRG pain cell
DRG temperature cell
Dch3 / 1 neuron
Dch3 neuron
Dendritic arborizing neuron
Dentate gyrus HICAP cell
Dentate gyrus HIPP cell
Dentate gyrus IS-I cell
Lateral fan-shaped neuron ExFl1
Lateral fan-shaped neuron FE1
Lateral fan-shaped neuron Fl
Lateral fan-shaped neuron Fl1
Lch1 neuron
Lch3 neuron
Les4 neuron
LesA neuron
LesB neuron
LesC neuron
LesD neuron
Leucokinin neuron
Local interneuron of adult antennal lobe
Locus coeruleus NA neuron
M
Mauthner cell
Mechanosensory neuron
Mechanosensory neuron of adult labial sensillum 1
Median fan-shaped neuron Fm
Median fan-shaped neuron Fm1
Medullary collateral inhibitory neuron
Medullary commissural inhibitory neuron
Mesothoracic anterior fascicle neuron
Mesothoracic posterior fascicle neuron
Mesothoracic ventral neurosecretory neuron
Metathoracic anterior fascicle neuron
Metathoracic posterior fascicle neuron
Metathoracic ventral thoracic neurosecretory neuron
Midline neuron
Motor neuron (FBbt Term)
Multidendritic neuron
Mushroom body (Honey bee) Kenyon cell
Mushroom body alpha / beta neuron
Mushroom body alpha' / beta' neuron
Mushroom body anterior inferior medial cell
Mushroom body calyx arborizing neuron 1
Mushroom body calyx arborizing neuron 2
SpB neuron
SpC neuron
SpD neuron
Spinal cord border cell
Spinal cord dorsal horn layer III-V interneuron
Spinal cord dorsal horn layer III-V projection neuron
Spinal cord dorsal horn marginal neuron
Spinal cord dorsal horn substantia gelatinosa islet neuron
Spinal cord dorsal horn substantia gelatinosa vertical neuron
Spinal cord intermediate horn motor neuron sympathetic
Spinal cord motor neuron parasympathetic
Spinal cord proprioception intersegmental cell
Spinal cord ventral horn interneuron FRA
Spinal cord ventral horn interneuron IA
Spinal cord ventral horn interneuron IB
Spinal cord ventral horn interneuron II
Spinal cord ventral horn interneuron Renshaw
Spinal cord ventral horn interneuron V0
Spinal cord ventral horn interneuron V0C
Spinal cord ventral horn interneuron V0G
Spinal cord ventral horn interneuron V2a
Spinal cord ventral horn interneuron V2b
Spinal cord ventral horn motor neuron alpha
Spinal cord ventral horn motor neuron beta
Spinal cord ventral horn motor neuron gamma
Spinocerebellar tract cell
Stomatogastric ganglion anterior burster neuron
Stomatogastric ganglion lateral gastric neuron
Stomatogastric ganglion lateral pyloric neuron
Subiculum pyramidal cell
Substantia nigra pars compacta dopaminergic cell
Substantia nigra pars reticulata interneuron GABA
Substantia nigra pars reticulata principal cell
Subthalamic nucleus principal cell
Superior colliculus stellate cell of the zone of optic fibers
Superior colliculus stellate cell of the zone of vertical cells
Superior colliculus type II ganglion cell
Superior colliculus type III ganglion cell
Suprachiasmatic nucleus principal neuron
T
Tachykinin neuron
Taste bud type 1 cell
Tergal depressor of trochanter muscle motor neuron
Tergotrochanteral muscle motor neuron
Dentate gyrus IS-I cell
Dentate gyrus IS-II cell
Dentate gyrus MOPP cell
Dentate gyrus axo-axonic cell
Dentate gyrus basket cell
Dentate gyrus granule cell
Dentate gyrus hilar cell
Dentate gyrus mossy cell
Dentate gyrus spiny CR cell
Dentate gyrus trilaminar interneuron
Des1 neuron
Des3 neuron
Des3+1 neuron
Des3+1+1 neuron
DesA neuron
DesB neuron
DesC neuron
DesD neuron
DesE neuron
Desn neuron
Direct flight muscle motor neuron
Dopaminergic PAL neuron
Dopaminergic PAM neuron
Dopaminergic PPL1 neuron
Dopaminergic PPL2ab neuron
Dopaminergic PPL2c neuron
Dopaminergic PPM1 neuron
Dopaminergic dorso-lateral neuron
Dopaminergic neuron (FBbt Term)
Dorsal anterior lateral neuron of the protocerebrum
Dorsal cibarial sense organ neuron
Dorsal group dA neuron
Dorsal humeral crossvein campaniform sensillum neuron
Dorsal motor nucleus of vagus motor neuron
Dorsal root ganglion A alpha-beta nociceptive neuron
Dorsal root ganglion A alpha-beta non-nociceptive neuron
Dorsal root ganglion A delta nociceptive neuron
Dorsal root ganglion A delta non-nociceptive neuron
Dorsal root ganglion C nociceptive neuron
Dorsal root ganglion C non-nociceptive neuron
Dorsal spinocerebellar tract cell
Dorsal tegmental nucleus medium cell
Dorsal tegmental nucleus small cell
Dorsal tp motor neuron
Dorso-lateral dopaminergic neuron
Dorsomedial neurosecretory cell
E
Mushroom body calyx-pedunculus arborizing neuron 1
Mushroom body extrinsic neuron
Mushroom body gamma neuron
Mushroom body intrinsic neuron
Mushroom body medial lobe arborizing neuron 1
Mushroom body medial-vertical lobe arborizing neuron 1
Mushroom body medial-vertical lobe arborizing neuron 2
Mushroom body pedunculus-medial lobe and vertical lobe
arborizing neuron 1
Mushroom body pedunculus-medial lobe and vertical lobe
arborizing neuron 2
Mushroom body pedunculus-medial lobe arborizing neuron 1
Mushroom body pedunculus-vertical lobe arborizing neuron 1
Mushroom body ventral lobe arborizing neuron 1
N
Neocortex Cajal-Retzius cell
Neocortex Martinotti cell
Neocortex basket cell
Neocortex bipolar cell
Neocortex bouquet double cell
Neocortex candelabrum cell
Neocortex chandelier cell
Neocortex polymorphic cell layer 5-6
Neocortex primary motor area pyramidal layer 2-3 cell
Neocortex primary motor area pyramidal layer 5 callosal cell
Neocortex primary motor area pyramidal layer 5 corticopontine-
tectal cell
Neocortex primary motor area pyramidal layer 5 corticospinal cell
Neocortex primary motor area pyramidal layer 5 corticostriate cell
Neocortex primary motor area stellate layer 4 cell
Neocortex primary visual area pyramidal layer 2-3 cell
Neocortex primary visual layer 5 callosal cell
Neocortex primary visual layer 5 corticopontine/tectal pyramidal
cell
Neocortex pyramidal cell
Neocortex pyramidal cell layer 5-6
Neocortex pyramidal layer 2-3 cell
Neocortex stellate cell
Neocortex stellate layer 4 cell
Neocortex stellate smooth cell
Neocortex stellate spiny cell
Tergotrochanteral muscle motor neuron
Terminal organ neuron of dorsal organ ganglion
Thalamus geniculate nucleus (lateral) interneuron
Thalamus geniculate nucleus (lateral) principal neuron
Thalamus geniculate nucleus (medial) interneuron
Thalamus geniculate nucleus (medial) principal neuron
Thalamus medial geniculate nucleus interneuron small
Thalamus reticular nucleus cell
Thalamus ventroposterior nucleus interneuron
Thalamus ventroposterior nucleus principal neuron
Thermosensory neuron
Tracheal innervating neuron
Trapezoid body intrinsic cell
Trapezoid body medial nucleus principal cell
Trapezoid body principal cell
Trigeminal nucleus intrinsic cell
Trigeminal nucleus motor neuron
Tritonia dorsal swim interneuron
Trochlear nucleus motor neuron
Tuberomammillary nucleus large histamine neuron
Tuberomammillary nucleus medium histamine neuron
Twin sensillum of margin 1 neuron
Twin sensillum of margin 2 neuron
Type A interneuron
Type A lLN
Type B interneuron
Type B lLN
Type C interneuron
Type D interneuron
Type I sensory neuron of coiled fibers
Type II sensory neuron of shrubby fibers
Type III sensory neuron of ventral ipsilateral fibers
Type IV sensory neuron of dorsal ipsilateral fibers
Type V sensory neuron of ventral contralateral fibers
Type VI sensory neuron of dorsal contralateral fibers
Type VII sensory neuron of central fibers
Tyraminergic neuron
U
U neuron
U1 neuron
U1sib neuron
U2 neuron
U2sib neuron
U3 neuron
U3sib neuron
U4 neuron
U4sib neuron
U5 neuron
U5sib neuron
Unilateral intrinsic neuron
E-1 neuron
EH neurosecretory neuron
Eb-no neuron
Eb-pb-vbo neuron
Embryonic / larval olfactory receptor neuron
Endocrine neuron
Entorhinal cortex layer 2 stellate neuron
Eo neuron
Extra LNd neuron
Extrinsic neuron
Extrinsic no neuron
Extrinsic pb neuron
F
Facial nucleus motor neuron
Fan-shaped neuron
Fan-shaped neuron F1
Fb-eb neuron
Fb-eb-no neuron
Fb-ltr neuron
Fb-no neuron
G
GABAergic neuron (FBbt Term)
Ganglion cell
Giant fiber neuron
Giant sensillum of the dorsal radius neuron
Gigantocellular nucleus giant neuron
Globus pallidus intrinsic cell
Globus pallidus principal cell
Glutamatergic neuron (FBbt Term)
Gracilis nucleus intrinsic cell
Gracilis nucleus principal cell
Great commissural interneuron
Grid cell
Gustatory receptor neuron
Gustatory receptor neuron of terminal organ
Gustatory receptor neuron of the dorsal organ
Gustatory receptor neuron of the epiphysis
Gustatory receptor neuron of the hypopharyngeal sense organ
Gustatory receptor neuron of the hypophysis
Gustatory receptor neuron of the ventral organ
H
Neocortex stellate spiny cell
Neostriatum Neurogliaform cell
Neostriatum SOM/NOS cell
Neostriatum cholinergic cell
Neostriatum direct pathway spiny neuron
Neostriatum gaba/parvalbumin interneuron
Neostriatum indirect pathway spiny neuron
Neuroendocrine motor magnocellular neurosecretory cell
Neuron of aristal sensillum
Neurosecretory cell
Neurosecretory neuron
Nucleus ambiguus motor neuron
Nucleus laminaris principal neuron
O
Ocellus retinula cell
Octopaminergic neuron
Oculomotor nucleus motor neuron
Olfactory bulb (accessory) glomerular layer cell
Olfactory bulb (accessory) granule cell
Olfactory bulb (accessory) mitral cell
Olfactory bulb (main) Blanes cell
Olfactory bulb (main) adult-born granule cell
Olfactory bulb (main) granule cell
Olfactory bulb (main) mitral cell
Olfactory bulb (main) periglomerular cell
Olfactory bulb (main) tufted cell (middle)
Olfactory bulb main tufted cell external
Olfactory cortex deep pyramidal cell
Olfactory cortex horizontal cell
Olfactory cortex multipolar cell
Olfactory cortex semilunar cell
Olfactory cortex small globular cell
Olfactory cortex superficial pyramidal cell
Olfactory epithelium main sensory cell
Olfactory epithelium main supporting cell
Olfactory receptor neuron (FBbt Term)
Olfactory receptor neuron of dorsal organ
Olfactory tubercle Islets of Calleja DA cell
Olfactory tubercle Islets of Calleja GABA cell
Olfactory tubercle Islets of Calleja dwarf neuron
Olfactory tubercle Islets of Calleja granule neuron
Olfactory tubercle Islets of Calleja large Type 2 hilar cell
Olfactory tubercle Islets of Calleja large hilar cell
Olfactory tubercle Islets of Calleja spiny granule neuron
Oligo-glomerular lLN
Optic lobe neuron
P
Pacemaker neuron
Unilateral intrinsic neuron
Usib neuron
V
VesA neuron
VesB neuron
V'es2 neuron
V'es3 neuron
V'esA neuron
V'esB neuron
VLN
Ventral brain cluster neuron
Ventral cibarial sense organ neuron of distal sensillum
Ventral cibarial sense organ neuron of middle sensillum
Ventral cibarial sense organ neuron of proximal sensillum
Ventral dopaminergic cell
Ventral group vA neuron
Ventral humeral crossvein campaniform sensillum neuron
Ventral midline neuron
Ventral multidendritic neuron
Ventral sensillum of wing vein 3 neuron
Ventral tegmental area dopamine neuron
Ventral tp motor neuron
Vertical fiber system neuron
Vertical fiber system neuron pb1
Ves3 neuron
VesA neuron
VesB neuron
VesC neuron
VesD neuron
VesE neuron
VesM neuron
Vestibular ganglion cell
Vestibular type 1 hair cell
Vestibular type 2 hair cell
W
W cell
Z
Zoidberg Neuron
Zone A Johnston organ neuron
Zone B Johnston organ neuron
Head direction cell
Hippocampus CA1 IS-I neuron
Pacemaker neuron
Pb-eb-eb neuron
Pb-eb-no neuron
Pb-fb-eb neuron
Pb-fb-fb neuron
Pb-no neuron
Pdf neuron
Zone B Johnston organ neuron
Zone C Johnston organ neuron
Zone D Johnston organ neuron
Zone E Johnston organ neuron
Detail
Definition NeurotransmitterSynonym Located in CellSomaShape MolecularConstituents ExampleImage
A1 neuron Any abdominal neuron (FBbt_00001987) that is part of
some larval abdominal segment 1 (FBbt_00001748).
A8 neuron Any neuron (FBbt_00005106) that is part of some
abdominal segment 8 (FBbt_00000029).
Abdominal 10
sensory neuron
Abdominal 9
sensory neuron
Abdominal
intersegmental
bidendritic neuron
isbp
Bipolar multidendritic neuron in the lateral sensory cluster
of larval abdominal segments 1-7. Located at the anterior
segment boundary, it emits two long dendritic branches
along the segment border muscle (muscle 8) (Williams
and Shepherd, 1999).
abdominal
intersegmental
bidendritic neuron
isbd
Abdominal
intersegmental
trachea-associated
Trachea associated multidendritic neuron located
anteriorly in the lateral sensory cluster of larval abdominal
segments 1-7.
neuron istd
Abdominal neuron Any neuron (FBbt_00005106) that is part of some
abdomen (FBbt_00000020).
Abdominal
posterior fascicle
neuron
Any neuron (FBbt_00005106) that fasciculates with
some abdominal segmental nerve (FBbt_00002197).
Abducens nucleus
motor neuron
Motor neuron whose cell soma lies within the abducens
nucleus.
Acetylcholine abducens nucleus
motor cell
6th nerve motor
neuron
VIth nerve motor
neuron
Abducens nucleus
Accessory nucleus
motor neuron
Motor neuron whose cell soma lies within the Acessory
nucleus.
Acetylcholine spinal accessory
nerve
acessory nucleus
motor cell
11th nerve motor
neuron
XIth nerve motor
neuron
Accumbens nucleus
core nucleus neuron
Core of nucleus
accumbens
Accumbens nucleus
shell neuron
Shell of nucleus
accumbens
Adult DN period
neuron
Period (FBgn0003068) expressing neuron of the adult
brain whose cell body is located in the posterior, dorsal-
most cortex.
Adult Pdf neuron Pdf expressing neuron that is part of the adult.
Adult anterior LK
leucokinin neuron
Adult neuron that expresses leucokinin (FBgn0028418)
and whose cell body is located superficially in the
posterior side of the median protocerebrum (de Haro et
al., 2010).
adult ALK neuron
Adult dMP2 ILP7
neuron
An adult dMP2 neuron that expresses ILP7. There are
two per abdominal segment, all projecting to the hindgut.
These projections have ILP7 positive swellings and
connect to the anterior intestines and the rectum. Their
terminals are also sites of ILP7 localization (Miguel-Aliaga
et al., 2008).
Adult Adult neuron that expresses tachykinin (FBgn0037976) adult TC1 neuron
Adult
deuterocerebrum
DC tachykinin
neuron
Adult neuron that expresses tachykinin (FBgn0037976)
whose cell body is located in the cortex of the anterior
deuterocerebrum close to the antennal lobes. There are
about 8 pairs of cell bodies per hemisphere (Winther et
al., 2003).
adult TC1 neuron
Adult dorsomedial
neurosecretory cell
Neurosecretory cell of the pars intercerebralis that extend
ventrally and branch before exiting the brain. It extends
thin branches laterally in the dorsal protocerebrum,
shorter branches along the cell neurites in the dorsal part
of the median bundle and extensive arborizations in the
tritocerebrum (Enell et al., 2010). The two branches
follow the aorta and innervate the corpus cardiacum in the
ring gland and the hypocerebral ganglion, near the cardiac
valve of the midgut. One of the branches follows the stalk
of the crop, whilst the other bifurcates, with each of these
branches extending along each side of the midgut (Cao
and Brown, 2001). Located in a bilateral cell body cluster
of five to seven cells in each hemisphere (Cao and Brown,
2001, Broughton et al., 2005).
MNC
Adult labial
interneuron
Adult labial motor
neuron
Adult labial sensory
neuron
Adult lateral horn
LHKL leucokinin
neuron
and whose large cell body is located in the lateral horn. Its
thin processes run ventrally before bifurcating into two
main collateral branches which innervate the superior
lateral and median protocerebrum, the region around the
mushroom body pedunculus and the mushroom body
calyx. There is one neuron per hemisphere (de Haro et
al., 2010).
LHLK
Adult leucokinin
SELK neuron of the
subesophageal
ganglion
whose cell body is located in the ventromedial
subesophageal ganglion. The axon collaterals in the brain
innervate the subesophageal ganglion ipsi- and
contralaterally, the tritocerebrum and fasciculate with the
maxillary and labral nerve. Four axons extend along the
cervical connective to the ventral nerve cord. The axons
adult SELK neuron
cervical connective to the ventral nerve cord. The axons
that extend along the ventral nerve cord connect to the
leucokinin ABLK neurons. There are two to three pairs of
neurons (de Haro et al., 2010).
Adult leucokinin
neuron of the
central nervous
system
An adult neuron that expresses leucokinin
(FBgn0028418) and that is located in the central nervous
system (de Haro et al., 2010).
Adult olfactory
receptor neuron
Any olfactory receptor neuron (FBbt_00005926) that is
part of some adult (FBbt_00003004).
adult odorant
receptor neuron
Adult olfactory
receptor neuron
Ir64a
Bilateral olfactory receptor neuron that expresses the
ionotropic glutamate receptor (Ir) 64a (FBgn0035604)
and the co-receptor Ir8a (FBgn0052704). Its axon
branches, with one branch innervating the ipsilateral
antennal lobe glomeruli DL4 and DP1 medial
compartment and the other fasciculating with the antennal
commissure and innervating the contralateral antennal lobe
glomeruli DC4 and DP1 medial compartment (Ai et al.,
2010, Silbering et al., 2011). Its dendrite transduces
signals from the grooved sensillum of chamber III of the
sacculus (Shanbhag et al., 1995).
Ir64a
Adult optic lobe OL
tachykinin neuron
and whose cell body is located at the base of the optic
lobe. There are about 10 pairs of cell bodies per
hemisphere (Winther et al., 2003).
adult OL neuron
Adult pacemaker
neuron
Pacemaker neuron that is part of the adult nervous
system.
Adult protocerebral
LPP1 tachykinin
neuron
and whose cell body is located in the posterior
protocerebrum. One cluster of around 12 cell bodies is
found per hemisphere (Winther et al., 2003).
adult LPP1 neuron
Adult protocerebral
LPP2 tachykinin
neuron
Adult neuron that expresses tachykinin (FBgn0037976),
whose cell body is located in the lateral posterior
protocerebrum and that innervates the superior median
protocerebrum and the fan-shaped body. One cluster of
around 10 cell bodies is found per hemisphere (Winther et
al., 2003).
adult LPP2 neuron
Adult protocerebral
MPP tachykinin
neuron
and whose cell body is located in the median posterior
protocerebrum. One cluster of around 3 cell bodies is
found per hemisphere (Winther et al., 2003).
adult MPP neuron
Adult tachykinin An adult neuron that expresses tachykinin
Adult tachykinin
neuron of the
central nervous
system
An adult neuron that expresses tachykinin
(FBgn0037976) and that is located in the central nervous
system (Winther et al., 2003).
Adult tachykinin
neuron of the
thoracic-abdominal
ganglion
whose cell body is located in the thoracic-abdominal
ganglion. There are 10 to 12 pairs in the prothoracic, 5 to
6 in the mesothoracic, 8 to 12 in the metathoracic and 1
to 2 in the abdominal neuromeres (Winther et al., 2003).
Adult tritocerebral
TC1 tachykinin
neuron
Adult neuron that expresses tachykinin (FBgn0037976),
whose cell body is located in the tritocerebrum and which
innervates, among other regions, the fan-shaped body.
One cluster of around 16 cell bodies is found per
hemisphere (Winther et al., 2003).
tritocerebral neuron
TC1
Aminergic neuron Any neuron (FBbt_00005106) that releases as a
neurotransmitter, some amine (CHEBI:32952).
Amygdala
basolateral nuclear
complex
nonpyramidal PV
basket cell
Multipolar nonpyramidal interneuron whose axon forms
multiple synaptic contacts with the somata of numerous
neighboring pyramidal cells. It is one of several
parvalbumin-containing interneuronal subpopulations.
GABA Basolateral
nuclear complex
Category:Multipolar Parvalbumin
Amygdala
basolateral nuclear
complex
nonpyramidal PV
chandelier cell
Multipolar nonpyramidal interneuron whose axon forms
multiple synaptic contacts with the axon initial segments of
numerous neighboring pyramidal cells. It is one of several
parvalbumin-containing interneuronal subpopulations.
GABA axo-axonic
interneuron
Basolateral
nuclear complex
Amygdala
basolateral nuclear
complex
nonpyramidal SOM
neuron
Somatostatin-containing nonpyramidal neuron whose
axon forms synaptic contacts with the distal dendrites and
spines of neighboring pyramidal cells. Although generally
considered an interneuron, at least some of these cells
have distant axonal projections to the substantia
innominata or entorhinal cortex. A subpopulation
expresses neuropeptide Y.
GABA Basolateral
nuclear complex
Category:Fusiform Somatostatin
Amygdala
basolateral nuclear
complex pyramidal
neuron
These neurons make up ~80-85% of neurons in the
basolateral nuclear complex of the amygdala. Unlike
cortical pyramidal cells, they are not arranged with parellel
apical dendrites but are randomly organized.
Glutamate Pyramidal cell
basolateral
amygdalar nucleus
Amygdala
basolateral nucleus
pyramidal neuron
Basolateral
nuclear complex
Category:Pyramidal Calcium calmodulin
protein kinase II
Amygdala
intercalated nuclei
small spiny neuron
Small spiny principal neurons of the intercalated nuclei.
These nuclei are clusters of neurons surrounding rostral
portions of the basolateral nuclear complex. Some of
these clusters are located adjacent to the external capsule
or intermediate capsule (paracapsular intercalated nuclei).
GABA paracapsular
intercalated cell
(ITC)
Intercalated
amygdaloid nuclei
Category:Spherical
Amygdala lateral
central nucleus
medium spiny
neuron
Medium-sized, multipolar, principal neuron found in lateral
portions of the central nucleus. It has very spiny dendrites
and closely resembles the medium spiny neuron of the
adjacent striatum.
GABA Central
amygdaloid
nucleus
Category:Spherical Corticotropin releasing
factor
Neurotensin
Somatostatin
Enkephalin
Antennal lobe
(Honey bee)
interneuron
Interglomerular local interneurons in the antennal lobe of
the honey bee, Apis mellifera. Homoglomerular and
heteroglomerular innervation patterns. Total of 4000
neurons, about two third GABA immunoreactive. Other
transmitters possibly histamine and glutamate.
GABA
Histamine
Glutamate
Antennal lobe local
interneuron
Antennal lobe Category:Spherical
Antennal lobe
(Honey bee)
principal neuron
Projection neuron of the honey bee, Apis mellifera,whose
soma is located on the rind of the antennal lobe.The axons
of uniglomerular projection neurons project to the
mushroom body calyx and to the lateral horn in the
protocerebral lobe.The axons of the multiglomerular
projction neurons project to the protocebral lobe only.
Acetylcholine Antennal lobe
principal neuron
Antennal lobe rind Category:Spherical
Antennal lobe
(Manduca)
interneuron
local interneuron in the tobacco hornworm moth, in
neuronal cell groups at the border of the antennal lobe
(mainly lateral group) that express various neuropeptides
in subsets of LNs
GABA multiglomerular
local interneuron
Antennal lobe Category:Spherical Neuropeptide
Antennal lobe
(Manduca) principal
neuron
uniglomerular principal neuron in the antennal lobe of the
tobacco hornworm moth, in neuronal cell groups on the
border of the antennal lobe, mainly medial and anterior
cell groups. It likely uses acetylcholine as a transmitter.
The axon projects to lateral protocerebrum with
collaterals in the mushroom body.
Acetylcholine uniglomerular
projection neuron
medial-antenno-
protocerebral-tract
projection neuron
inner-
antennocerebral-
Antennal lobe Category:Spherical
antennocerebral-
tract projection
neuron
Antennal olfactory
receptor neuron
Odorant receptor neuron (ORN) whose dendrite
transduces signals from some antennal sensillum. The
axons of these neurons fasciculate in the antennal nerve
and innervate the antennal lobe.
antennal ORN
Anteriolateral
neurosecretory cell
Anterior crossvein
campaniform
sensillum neuron
Neuron associated with the wing anterior crossvein
sensillum (Murray et al., 1984).
sensillum
campaniformium of
anterior crossvein
neuron
Anterior fascicle
sensory neuron
Any sensory neuron (FBbt_00005124) that fasciculates
with some intersegmental nerve (FBbt_00001997).
Aplysia buccal 15 Accessory radular closure (ARC) muscle motor neuron. Acetylcholine
Aplysia buccal 20 pattern initiating neuron. Biases feeding motor patterns to
rejection type.
Dopamine Aplysia buccal
ganglia
Aplysia buccal 30 aplysia buccal neuron that is active during protraction
phase and promotes the expression of ingestion type
activity motor patterns.
Aplysia buccal
ganglia
Aplysia buccal 31 Initiates feeding motor patterns. Active during the
protraction phase of feeding motor patterns.
Aplysia buccal 31
Aplysia buccal 32
Aplysia buccal
ganglia
Aplysia buccal 4 Sensory motor neuron of the buccal ganglia. Acetylcholine Aplysia buccal 5 Aplysia buccal
ganglia
Aplysia buccal 51 Active during the retraction phase of feeding motor
patterns. Biases feeding motor patterns towards ingestion
like.
Aplysia buccal
ganglia
Aplysia buccal 61 Intrinsic muscle 2 motor neuron. Mediates protraction of
the radula.
Aplysia buccal 62
B62
Aplysia buccal
ganglia
Aplysia buccal 8 Motor neuron that innervates the I4 muscle to mediate
radular closure.
Aplysia buccal
ganglia
Aplysia cerebral
ganglion
metacerebral cell
Largest Serotonergic Neuron in the anterior portion of the
cerebral ganglion of Aplysia. This neuron has axons that
project to the buccal ganglion.
Serotonin Giant Serotonergic
Neuron
Metacerebral cell
Cerebral ganglia
B1 motor neuron
B2 motor neuron
B2 motor neuron
Basalis nucleus
cholinergic neuron
Large multipolar neuron (also described as polyhedral)
found in the nucleus basalis of Meynert in the basal
forebrain that uses acetylcholine as a neurotransmitter.
Most of the dendrites are very long giving a thick network
of secondary and tertiary dendritic branches in a radial
three dimensional arrangement in the neuropil space. The
secondary and tertiary dendritic branches are studded
with long fusiform or triangular spines (Baloyannis, S. J.,
Costa, V., Psaroulis, V., Arzoglou, L. Papsotiriou (1994)
The nucleus basalis of Meynert of the human brain: a
Golgi and electron microscope study) Int J Neurosci., 78:
33-41.
Acetylcholine Cholinergic nucleus
basalis cell
Nucleus basalis
polyhedral neuron
Cholinergic nucleus
basalis neuron
Bed nuclei of the
stria terminalis
oval nucleus
Bed nucleus of the
stria terminalis
basket neuron
bed nucleus of stria
terminalis basket
cell
bed nucleus of stria
terminalis basket
neuron
Bed nucleus of the
stria terminalis
basket neuron
BNST basket
neuron
Bed nuclei of the
stria terminalis
oval nucleus
Bed nucleus of the
stria terminalis
beaded neuron
Neuron located within the core of the nucleus (BSTov)
that is termed a beaded neuron (BN) because of its
rounded soma and numerous spherules along both
dendrites and axon (Fig. 11). The soma measures from
12 to 17 micrometers in its widest axis and is nearly
spherical, having a rather smooth profile. The soma issues
two or three short primary dendrites, which usually run
horizontally. After a short distance (10 to 40
micrometers), these proximal branches give rise to sets of
two to five long, secondary dendrites. The occurrence of
third to order dendrites is variable, as is their length (20 to
150 micrometers). A defining characteristic of BN
dendrites is the presence of distinct varicosities that are
virtually devoid of dendritic spines. The BN axon and its
collaterals also exhibit a series of small spherules (0.3-0.5
um) united by thin axonal bridges (Lariva-Sahd, 2006, as
reported in http://brancusi.usc.edu/bkms).
BNST beaded cell
BNST beaded
neuron
Bed nuclei of the
stria terminalis
oval nucleus
Bed nucleus of the
stria terminalis
common spiny
neuron
common spiny cell
BNST common
spiny neuron
Bed nuclei of the
stria terminalis
oval nucleus
Bed nucleus of the
stria terminalis
dense axon plexus-
forming neuron
Among the short to axon neurons, the neurogliaform (NG)
and spinous neurogliaform (SNG) types have an
extremely dense plexus, and both fall into the DAPF
category (Jones, 1984). Both cell types are found in the
upper half of the core of the Ov.
beaded cell
BNST dense axon
plexus-forming
neuron
Bed nuclei of the
stria terminalis
oval nucleus
Bed nucleus of the
stria terminalis small
pyramidal neuron
small pyramidal
neuron
small pyramidal cell
BNST small
pyramidal neuron)
Bed nucleus of the
stria terminalis
juxtacapsular
nucleus
Bed nuclei of the
stria terminalis
juxtacapsular
nucleus
Bed nucleus of the
stria terminalis spiny
bipolar neuron
spiny bipolar
neuron
spiny bipolar cell
Bed nuclei of the
stria terminalis
oval nucleus
Bed nucleus of the
stria terminalis spiny
neuron with
chandelier-like axon
dense axon plexus
forming neuron
dense axon plexus
forming cell
BNST spiny neuron
with chandelier-like
axon
Bed nuclei of the
stria terminalis
oval nucleus
Bed nucleus of the
stria terminalis
superficial spiny
neuron
superficial spiny cell
BNST superficial
spiny neuron
Bed nuclei of the
stria terminalis
oval nucleus
Bed nucleus of the
stria terminalis
triangular neuron
triangular cell
BNST triangular
neuron
Bed nuclei of the
stria terminalis
oval nucleus
Bilateral intrinsic
neuron
A midline crossing bilateral intrinsic neuron that projects
only within some pair of bilaterally symmetric synaptic
neuropil domains and their connecting tracts. For example
within the left and right antennal lobes and antennal
commissure.
Bipolar dendrite
neuron
Multidendritic neuron with bipolar dendrites that grow in
opposite directions without major side branches. These
neurons are located inside the body and are often
associated with muscles.
Bipolar neuron of
Bolwig nerve
bipolar neuron of
Bolwigs nerve
Campaniform
sensillum L3-1 of
wing vein L3 neuron
Neuron innervating the L3-1 campaniform sensillum of
wing vein L3.
Campaniform
sensillum L3-2 of
wing vein L3 neuron
Neuron innervating the second, medially located
campaniform sensillum of wing vein L3.
Campaniform
sensillum L3-3 of
wing vein L3 neuron
Neuron innervating the campaniform sensillum L3-3 of
wing vein L3.
Carbon dioxide
sensitive neuron
Neuron involved in the detection of carbon dioxide
(GO:0003031).
CO2 sensitive
neuron
Cerebellar deep
nucleus principal
neuron
Deep cerebellar
nuclear complex
Cerebellum Golgi
cell
Large intrinsic neuron located in the granule layer of the
cerebellar cortex that extends its dendrites into the
molecular layer where they receive contact from parallel
fibers. The axon of the Golgi cell enters ramifies densely in
the granule layer and enters into a complex arrangement
with mossy fiber terminals and granule cell dendrites to
form the cerebellar glomerulus. Llinas, Walton and Lang.
In The Synaptic Organization of the Brain. 5th ed. 2004.
GABA Cerebellar Golgi
neuron
Cerebellar golgi cell
Granular layer of
cerebellar cortex
Category:Spherical
Cerebellum Lugaro Type of neuron found in cerebellar granule cell layer GABA Cerebellum GABA
Cerebellum Lugaro
cell
Type of neuron found in cerebellar granule cell layer
characterized by a fusiform cell body with thick,
horizontally oriented dendrites. Lugaro cells are located in
or slightly below the Purkinje cell layer outermost edge of
the granular layer.
GABA Cerebellum
Purkinje cell layer
of cerebellar
cortex
Granular layer of
cerebellar cortex
GABA
Cerebellum
Purkinje cell
Principal neuron (projection neuron) of the cerebellar
cortex; cell bodies arranged in a single layer;
characterized by a pear-shaped cell body, 1 (rarely 2)
primary dendrites and an elaborate dendritic tree heavily
invested with dendritic spines.
GABA Purkinje neuron
Purkinje's
corpuscles
Cerebellar Purkinje
neuron
Purkinje Cell
Purkyne cell
Corpuscles of
Purkinje
cerebellar purkinje
cell
Purkinje cell layer
of cerebellar
cortex
Category:Spherical
Cerebellum basket
cell
Intrinsic cell residing in the inner third of the molecular
layer of the cerebellar cortex. Axons extend laterally,
transverse to the folium, and densely innervate the somata
of Purkinje neurons. Axon collaterals of the basket cell
axon form the specialized terminal plexus, the "pinceau",
around the Purkinje cell axon initial segment. Llinas,
Walton and Lang. In: The Synaptic Organization of the
Brain. 5th ed. 2004.
GABA Cerebellar basket
cell
Molecular layer of
cerebellar cortex
Cerebellum
candelabrum cell
Neuron with perikaryon located inside the Purkinje cell
layer. It is squeezed, either between the bulging parts of
the PC somata or in the space left free between their
upper poles, just at the level of the lower border of the
molecular layer.
candelabrum cell
candelabrum
neuron
Cerebellum
Purkinje cell layer
of cerebellar
cortex
Cerebellum granule
cell
Small, numerous neuron in the granule cell layer of the
vertebrate cerebellar cortex, characterized by a very small
soma and several short dendrites which terminate with
claw-shaped endings. In the transmission electron
microscope, these cells are characterized by a darkly
stained nucleus surrounded by a thin rim of cytoplasm.
The axon ascends into the molecular layer where it
Glutamate Cerebellar granule
neuron
Cerebellar granule
cell
Granular layer of
cerebellar cortex
The axon ascends into the molecular layer where it
bifurcates to form parallel fibers which run parallel to the
long axis of the folium. Llinas, Walton and Lang.
Cerebellum. In The Synaptic Organization of the Brain.
5th ed. 2004.
Cerebellum nucleus
reciprocal
projections neuron
...perfectly matched those (2) described previously
reciprocal, non to reciprocal and symmetrical projections
were found. Collator note: this neurons receive
projections from Purkinke cells and send feedback axons
to the same cerebellar cortex neurons. From
reciprocal
projections neuron
cerebellar nuclei
Cerebellum
Deep cerebellar
nuclear complex
Cerebellum stellate
cell
Multipolar neuron found in cerebellar molecular layer. GABA Cerebellar stellate
neuron
Cerebellar stellate
cell
Cerebellum
Molecular layer of
cerebellar cortex
Cerebellum unipolar
brush cell
A type of cell in the cerebellar cortex, first described in
1977 by Altman and Bayer, characterized by a single
dendrite ending in a small brush consisting of a number of
small dendrites called dendrioles. Unipolar brush cells are
found in primarily in the granular cell layer and most
concentrated in lobule IX, the flocculus, the nodulus and
the ventromedial zone of the paraflocculus. Their somata
are larger than granule cells but smaller than Golgi cells.
They are known to stain for calretinin.
Glutamate Unipolar brush
neuron
Unipolar brush cell
Granular layer of
cerebellar cortex
Calretinin
Chemosensory
neuron
Any neuron (FBbt_00005106) that functions in (some)
detection of chemical stimulus involved in sensory
perception (GO:0050907).
Chemosensory
neuron of adult
labial sensillum 7
One of seven chemosensory neuron innervating the adult
labial sensillum 7 (Nayak and Singh, 1983).
Chemosensory
neuron of adult
labial sensillum 8
Chemosensory neuron innervating the adult labial
sensillum 8 (Nayak and Singh, 1983).
labial sensillum 8
Chemosensory
neuron of adult
labial sensillum 9
Chemosensory neuron innervating the adult labial
Cholinergic neuron
(FBbt Term)
Any neuron (FBbt_00005106) that releases as a
neurotransmitter, some acetylcholine (CHEBI:15355).
Cibarial pump
muscle neuron
Ciliary ganglion cell Acetylcholine Ciliary ganglion
neuron
Ciliary ganglion
Ciliated
photoreceptor cell
Class I dendritic
arborizing neuron
A dendritic arborizing md sensory neuron with a long,
dorsally directed primary dendrite which branches
repeatedly along its length into antero-posteriorly oriented
secondary dendrites. The dendrites are smooth and their
branching pattern is relatively simple, with few side
branches or varicosities.
class I dendritic
arborising neuron
Class II dendritic
arborizing neuron
A dendritic arborizing md sensory neuron with multiple
long and sinuous dendrites. Their branching pattern is
relatively symmetrical. Higher order branches are
generally short stubs extending from the major trunks.
class II da
Class III dendritic
arborizing neuron
A dendritic arborizing md sensory neuron with long
primary and secondary dendrites that have spiked
protrusions along most of their length and at the ends of
major branches.
class III da
Class IV dendritic
arborizing neuron
A dendritic arborizing md sensory neuron with a highly
complex branching pattern that completely fills large
regions of the body wall with its arbors. Each cell may
have 800-900 terminal branches and more than 6 branch
orders.
class IV da
Cochlea inner hair
cell
A pear-shaped epithelial cell that is medially placed re: the
inner pillar and forms a single row within the organ of
Corti. Resting potential is modulated by perturbations in
stereocilia located at the apical pole of the cell. In contrast
to outer hair cells, the inner hair cells are fewer in number,
have fewer stereocilia, and are less differentiated. They
do, however, receive ~95% of the auditory-nerve
dendrites. Although a single auditory nerve fiber
innervates several outer hair cells, each inner hair cell
Glutamate Cochlear Inner Hair
Cell
Inner Hair Cell
Cochlea hair cell
inner
Spiral organ of
Corti
Category:Pear-
shaped
Otoferlin
VGLUT3
innervates several outer hair cells, each inner hair cell
receives several more heavily myelinated, auditory-nerve
dendrites. Neurotransmitter release activates the auditory
nerve, which leads to the cochlear nucleus within the
central auditory pathway.(MSH)
Cochlea outer hair
cell
In mammals, the outer hair cells are arranged in three
rows that are further removed from the modiolus than the
single row of inner hair cells. Although receiving only ~5%
of the innervating auditory nerve dendrites, the motile
properties of the outer hair cells actively contribute to the
sensitivity and frequency selectivity of the cochlea. The
process of somatic electromotility, due to the presence of
the motor protein, prestin, is essential for normal cochlear
function. Outer hair cell function is also directly influenced
by efferent input from the medial superior olivary
complex. (MSH)
Glutamate
Aspartate
Cochlear Outer
Hair Cell
Outer Hair Cell
Cochlea
Spiral organ of
Corti
Category:Other Prestin
Cochlear nucleus
(dorsal) Golgi cell
GABA deep cerebellar
nucleus GABAergic
cell
DCN Gabaergic
cell
Dorsal cochlear
nucleus gabaergic
cell
Dorsal cochlear
nucleus
Cochlear nucleus
(dorsal) cartwheel
cell
Cartwheel cell bodies lie on the superficial side of the
pyramidal (or fusiform) cell layer of the dorsal cochlear
nucleus. Their spiny dendrites receive input from the
axons of granule cells (parallel fibers) and their axons
release GABA and glycine onto cartwheel, pyramidal and
giant cell targets. Cartwheel cells share many of the
features, molecular and electrophysiological, of cerebellar
Purkinje neurons.
Glycine
GABA
Cartwheel neuron Somas lie at the
superficial side of
the pyramidal
(fusiform) cell
layer of the dorsal
cochlear nucleus.
Category:Spherical PEP19
Cerebellin
GAD
GlyT2
Cochlear nucleus
(dorsal) giant cell
Large multipolar cells located in the deep layer of the
dorsal cochlear nucleus. Like the pyramidal (fusiform)
cells, a principal neuron of the DCN. Their dendrites,
branching sparsely across isofrequency bands, are smooth
until they reach the molecular layer, where the tips are
spiny. The axons join pyramidal cell axons to form the
DAS (dorsal acoustic stria) through which they project to
the contralateral inferior colliculus.
Likely glutamate None Deep layer of the
dorsal cochlear
nucleus
Category:Multipolar
Cochlear nucleus Bipolar neuron in dorsal cochlear nucleus, whose cell Excitatory fusiform cell Cochlear nuclear
(dorsal) pyramidal
neuron
bodies form a band in the pyramidal cell layer.
Characterized by a spiny apical dendritic tree in the
molecular layer and a smooth basal dendritic tree in the
deep layer. The apical dendrites have many branches
which are contacted by parallel fibers from granule cells,
whereas the basal dendrites have few branches and
receive inputs from the auditory nerve.
neurotransmitter dorsal cochlear
nucleus pyramidal
cell
complex
Cochlear nucleus
(dorsal) stellate cell
Dorsal cochlear
nucleus
Cochlear nucleus
(dorsal) unipolar
brush cell
Unipolar brush cells are characterized by having one
dendrite that terminates in a paintbrush-like structure of
dendrioles that receives input from a single mossy fiber
terminal. The axon usually emanates from the opposite
pole, branches 1-3 times and ends in mossy terminals.
They were defined by E. Mugnaini and his colleagues in
the 1990s.
Glutamate DCN glutamatergic
cell
Dorsal cochlear
nucleus
glutamatergic cell
Dorsal cochlear
nucleus
Category:Spherical Calretinin
MGluR1alpha
Epidermal growth
factor substrate 8
(Eps8)
T-box gene (Tbr2)
Alpha 6 GABA-A
receptor
Actin
Cochlear nucleus
(dorsal) vertical cell
Intrinsic neuron found in the deep layer of the dorsal
cochlear nucleus, whose cell bodies and dendrites are
intermingled among the basal dendritic trees of pyramidal
cells. Their dendrites are smooth and lie in the plane of an
isofrequency sheet; in sections in standard planes, parts of
the dendrites are cut so they appear to be oriented
vertically, perpendicular to the plane of the layers. They
are inhibitory and use glycine as a neurotransmitter.
Glycine tuberculoventral cell
vertical cell
corn cell
Dorsal cochlear
nucleus deep layer
Category:Multipolar
Cochlear nucleus
(ventral) globular
bushy cell
The distinction between globular and spherical bushy cells
was originally reported by Osen on the basis of a
difference in the shape of the cell bodies. Globular bushy
cells lie in and around the root of the auditory nerve. Their
axons project to the contralateral medial nucleus of the
trapezoid body (MNTB), innervating principal cells with a
calyx of Held.
Glutamate Ventral cochlear
nucleus
Category:Oval
Cochlear nucleus
(ventral) multipolar
D cell
One of two types of multipolar or stellate cells, D stellate
cells are glycinergic inhibitory neurons named for having
an axon that projects dorsalward into the dorsal cochlear
nucleus and that exits through the intermediate acoustic
stria to innervate the contralateral cochlear nucleus. Axons
have widespread collaterals in the ventral cochlear nucleus
Glycine D multipolar cell
type II (Cant
1981)
onset-chopper
responses to tones
radial stellate
Ventral cochlear
nucleus
Category:Multipolar Glycine
have widespread collaterals in the ventral cochlear nucleus
and in the deep layer of the dorsal cochlear nucleus.
radial stellate
wide-band inhibitor
Cochlear nucleus
T cell
Principal cells of the ventral cochlear nucleus are named
for having the axon exit the cochlear nucleus through the
Trapezoid body. A band of dendrites in an isofrequency
lamina receives input from a small number of auditory
nerve fibers. Sharp tuning is enhanced by sideband
inhibition. The population of T stellate cells encodes the
spectra of sounds.
Glutamate T multipolar cell
T stellate cell
type I
chopper
planar multipolar
Ventral cochlear
nucleus
Category:Multipolar
Cochlear nucleus
cell
Multipolar neuron located in the ventral cochlear nucleus
with multiple long dendrites extending from the cell soma.
Two subclasses (D and T) are recognzed based on their
alignment with auditory nerve fibers. Both types have
axon collaterals that terminate locally near the cell soma.
Cochlear nuclear
complex
Cochlear nucleus
(ventral) octopus
cell
Large neuron located in the octopus cell area of the
posterior division of the ventral cochlear nucleus (called
dorsal tail of the ventral cochlear nucleus by Cajal and
nucleus interfascicularis by Lorente de No), whose
dendrites emanate from one side of the cell body, giving
them a shape reminiscent of an octopus.
Glutamate Ventral cochlear
nucleus octopus cell
octopus cell
Cochlear nuclear
complex
Ventral cochlear
nucleus
Octopus cell area
Dorsal tail of
ventral cochlear
nucleus
Nucleus
interfascicularis
Category:Oval KCNA
HCN1
Parvalbumin
Calretinin
Cochlear nucleus
(ventral) spherical
bushy cell
Bushy cells in the anteroventral cochlear nucleus have one
to four primary dendrites which branch profusely, giving
them a "bushy" appearance. They project to the superior
olivary nuclei. They carry information that is used to
localize sounds in the azimuthal plane. Three types of
bushy cells differ in the shapes of their somata and in their
patterns of projection. The cell somata of these neurons
have been described as "spherical" in the anterior division
of the AVCN and "globular" in the posterior division of
the AVCN. Large spherical bushy cells project to the
medial superior olivary nuclei bilaterally, globular bushy
cells project to the contralateral medial nucleus of the
Glutamate Bushy neuron
Bushy cell
ventral cochlear
nucleus bushy cell
Ventral cochlear
nucleus
Category:Oval
cells project to the contralateral medial nucleus of the
trapezoid body. Small spherical bushy cells project to the
vicinity of the ipsilateral lateral superior olivary nucleus but
it is not yet clear which cells are their targets. Their inputs
from the spiral (cochlear) ganglion arise via the end bulbs
of Held.
Colliculus Inferior
GABAergic
Principal Cell
Winer and colleagues (1996) first described that
GABAergic neurons project to the medial geniculate body
in cat. Peruzzi et al. (1997) showed that the cell type is
also found in rats, and sends action potentials more
rapidly than glutamatergic IC neurons. Ito and colleagues
(2009) showed that the cell type is the largest neuron in
the IC and receives dense VGLUT2-positive axosomatic
terminals on the cell body. Other cell types such as
glutamatergic neurons and small GABAergic neurons do
not have such endings.
GABA large GABAergic
(LG) neurons
Inferior colliculus Category:Multipolar Parvalbumin
Colliculus inferior
intrinsic cell
It is not established that there are "pure" local interneurons
of which axons are restricted in the inferior colliculus (IC).
However, even after a large injection of retrograde tracer
into the medial geniculate body (MGB), a main target of
IC projection, most small GABAergic neurons, which
lack dense excitatory axosomatic terminals, were not
labeled with the tracer. On the other hand, large
GABAergic neurons send axons to the MGB.
GABA small GABAergic
(SG) neurons
Inferior colliculus Category:Other Parvalbumin
Colliculus inferior
principal cell
Around 80% of neurons in the inferior colliculus (IC) is
glutamatergic (Ito and Oliver, 2012). They express
vesicular glutamate transporter (VGLUT) 2 but not
VGLUT1 or VGLUT3 (Ito and Oliver, 2010, 2011).
Their main target is the medial geniculate body although
they send axons to most auditory brainstem nuclei. Since
majority of IC neurons are disc-shaped, which extend
their dendrite parallel to isofrequency laminae (Oliver,
1984), majority of glutamatergic neurons are likely to be
disc-shaped. Stellate neurons, which are less common
and extend dendrite perpendicular to isofrequency
Glutamate Inferior colliculus
principal neuron
Inferior colliculus Category:Oval Vesicular glutamate
transporter 2
laminae, also project to the medial geniculate body
(Oliver, 1984).
Colliculus superior
deep vertical
fusiform cell
Deep vertical fusiform cells have cell bodies about 20
micrometers wide and their dendrites extend from the
upper margin of the zone of vertical cells to the depth of
the zone of optic fibers perhaps even deeper. The
superficial and deep fields are usually notably different in
the manner in which the dendrites branch and spread, the
over to all size of the fields, the shapes of the fields, the
type and density of spines, and the caliber of the
dendrites.
deep vertical
fusiform cell
Superior colliculus
Colliculus superior
intermediate vertical
fusiform cell
The intermediate vertical fusiform cells have cell bodies 12
to 18 micrometers in diameter in the upper portion of the
zone of vertical cells and their dendritic fields extend from
the collicular surface to the deep margin of the zone of
vertical cells (fig. 12b, 13). Intermediate vertical fusiform
cells most often have a superficial field with relatively
fewer spines, straighter, more even caliber dendrites that
branch less often but more equally than those in the deep
field of the same cell (figs. 12b, 13).
intermediate vertical
fusiform cell
Superior colliculus
Colliculus superior
inverted pyramidal
cell
The inverted pyramidal cell is similar to the pyramidal cell
except that the cell body lies within the deep portion of
the zone of horizontal cells. The superficial field is a
circumsomatic field and the deep field is elongated to
reach into the deeper portion of the zone of vertical cells.
The cell body is about the size of an intermediate vertical
fusiform cell soma. The axon is similar, but more apt to
have collaterals to the superficial zones. Inverted
pyramidal cells fall within the definition of the narrow field
vertical cells.
inverted pyramidal
cell
Superior colliculus
Colliculus superior
piriform cell
The piriform cells have ovoid or cup shaped cell bodies,
10 to 15 micrometers in diameter, located within a narrow
lamina along the deep margin of the zone of horizontal
cells. The restriction of the piriform cell somata to the
boundary between the zone of horizontal cells and the
zone of vertical cells is remarkably accurate and
consistent. The piriform cells give rise to 2 to 5 dendrites
from the superficial surface, which course through the
zone of horizontal cells to terminate just beneath the
piriform cell
piriform neuron
Superior colliculus
stratum opticum
zone of horizontal cells to terminate just beneath the
surface. As the ascending dendrites approach the surface
they branch more frequently, almost always by
equipartition, to form a complicated intermingling bouquet
of slowly tapering dendrites, 150 to 350 micrometers in
width and slightly less than 200 micrometers in depth. The
axon most frequently takes its origin from the base of the
soma, but sometimes it arises from one of the low order
dendrites. From its origin the axon runs immediately down
through the zone of vertical cells, occasionally with
collaterals which may arborize within the superficial
laminae. The axon is thin and smooth, occasionally with en
passant varicosities.
Colliculus superior
pyramidal cell
Pyramidal cells are similar to vertical fusiform cells in most
respects. They have a vertically elongated cell body,
about 15 micrometers in transverse diameter, in the
deeper half of the zone of vertical cells. The dendritic field
is narrow and cylindrical, 100 to 250 micrometer in
diameter, and extends from the upper margin of the zone
of horizontal cells to the lower margin of the zone of
vertical cells, about 500 micrometers. Rather than having
superficial and deep fields, the pyramidal cell has the deep
field reduced to a circumsomatic field, or a diminuitive
basal field, and the superficial field is relatively elongated
to accord with the deeper cell body. Pyramidal cells are
usually multipolar, with one or two thick apical dendrites,
which branch several times on the way to the surface,
particularly in the upper portion of the zone of horizontal
cells, and several smaller dendrites which form a small
field about the cell body. It is of interest that smooth
pyramidal cells tend to have two primary dendrites, like
smooth vertical fusiform cells. The axon takes its origin
from the soma or a low order dendrite and runs down into
the deep zones. It is smooth and thin, about like that of
the vertical fusiform cells.
pyramidal cell Superior colliculus
Superior colliculus
superficial gray
layer
Colliculus superior
stellate neuron
The third major category of cells in the superior colliculus
is the stellate cell. The cells are defined by the lack of
overall orientation to the dendritic fields which extend
symmetrically from the cell body. Stellate cells are
multipolar with dendrites arising from any portion of the
cell body. The dendrites may range anywhere from
gnarled to radiate with the gnarled spiny cells most
stellate neuron Superior colliculus
gnarled to radiate with the gnarled spiny cells most
frequent in the zone of horizontal cells and the smooth
radiate cells increasingly more frequent in the deeper
zones until they are almost the only cell type in the zones
below the stratum opticum. The dimensions of the cell
bodies and dendritic fields are comparable to those of
other cells in the same zone and the dendritic field is
generally contained within the same zone as the cell body.
The axons of stellate cells have both local and/or distant
distributions and a morphology characteristic of intrinsic
axons. As with all the other cell types, the axon may take
its origin from the cell body or a low order dendrite.
Colliculus superior
type I ganglion cell
Type I ganglion cells are the piriform cells. type I ganglion cell Superior colliculus
Colliculus superior
wide field vertical
cell
There are two similar populations in the group of wide
field vertical cells. The first lies in the deep margin of the
zone of vertical cells where it looks very similar to the
piriform cells relative to the zone of horizontal cells. Cajal
called these the ovoid or triangular cells. The second
population has its cell bodies distributed primarily to the
upper portion of the zone of optic fibers. Cajal called
these triangular or stellate cells. Cajal's nomenclature is
rather bulky and, though descriptive, somewhat confusing
because stellate cells are a distinct cell type in the
nomenclature of this paper and triangular occurs in both
names. For reasons developed below, the ovoid or
triangular cells or wide field cells of the zone of vertical
cells will be called Type II ganglion cells and the triangular
or stellate cells or wide field cells of the zone of optic
fibers will be called Type III ganglion cells. Type I
ganglion cells are the piriform cells. Collator note: we
assumed this class of neurons as projection neurons,
because at least several subpopulations project to visually
related areas. See Sefton et al., 2005; Mason and Groos,
1981; Mackay to Sim et al. 1983; Okoyama and Kudo,
1987).
wide field vertical
cell
Superior colliculus
Cranial relay neuron
DN1 neuron DN (dorsal Period-expressing neuron of adult brain)
whose cell body is located dorsal to the projections of the
`s-LNv Pdf neurons` (FBbt_00003764). There are about
17 of these per cluster.
DN1a neuron Anteriorly located member of the Period-expressing DN1
cluster. There are two DN1a neurons per cluster located
between 15 and 30 micrometers anterior to the DN1p
cluster.
DN1p neuron Posteriorly located member of the Period-expressing
DN1 cluster that expresses glass (FBgn0004618). There
are 14-17 DN1p cells per cluster. Many, perhaps all cells
in this cluster project through the dorsal fusion
commissure (Helfrich-Forster et al., 2007).
DN1p
DN2 neuron DN (dorsal Period-expressing neuron of adult brain)
whose medium-sized cell body is located posteriorly in
the dorsal superior brain, ventral to the projections of the
`s-LNv Pdf neurons` (FBbt_00003764). There are 2
cells in each DN2 cluster.
DN3 neuron DN (dorsal Period-expressing neuron of adult brain) with
a cell body located in the lateral-most cluster of Period
expressing DN neurons. There are around 40 cells in each
cluster.
DN3a neuron DN (dorsal Period-expressing neuron of adult brain) with
a medium-sized cell body, located in the lateral-most
cluster of per expressing DN neurons. There are two cells
per hemisphere, each of which project anteriorly to the
aMe (Helfrich-Forster et al., 2007).
DRG IA cell IA ganglion cell Dorsal root
ganglion
DRG IB cell IB ganglion cell Dorsal root
ganglion
DRG II cell II ganglion cell Dorsal root
ganglion
DRG Meissner's
corpuscle cell
Meissner's
corpuscle cell
Dorsal root
ganglion
DRG Merckel disc
cell
Merckel disc cell Dorsal root
ganglion
DRG Pacinian
corpuscle cell
Dorsal root
ganglion
DRG hair follicle
cell
Hair follicle cell Dorsal root
ganglion
DRG pain cell DRG pain cell Dorsal root
ganglion
ganglion
DRG temperature
cell
Temperature cell Dorsal root
ganglion
Dch3 / 1 neuron
Dch3 neuron
Dendritic arborizing
neuron
Sensory multidendritic neuron of the PNS with branching
dendrites that spread directly below and in close
association with the epidermal cell layer.
da neuron
Dentate gyrus
HICAP cell
"The Dentate gyrus HICAP cells (HIlar Commissural-
Associational pathway related cells) are multipolar or
triangular cells in the polymorphic layer with thin, aspiny
dendrites that extend both within the hilus and within the
molecular layer. the axons of these HICAP cells extend
through the granule cell layer and branch profusely in the
inner third of the molecular layer."
GABA Hilar cell
Hilar neuron
Dentate gyrus
Dentate gyrus HIPP
cell
"The Dentate gyrus HIPP cell (HIlar Perforant Path-
associated cell) is an interneuron in the Hippocampal
formation. It is a long-spined multipolar cell that is
conspicuous of distribution of copious, long and often
branched spines over its cell body and dendrites. The
axonal plexus can extend as much as 3.5mm along the
septotemporal axis of the dentate gyrus. Since inhibitory
interneurons typically have aspiny dendrites and relatively
local axonal plexuses, this long spined multipolar/HIPP
cell is a very atypical interneuron".
GABA Dentate gyrus Somatostatin
Dentate gyrus IS-I
cell
The IS (Interneuron-Specific) subpopulation of
interneurons have axons that preferentially innervate other
interneurons. The Dentate gyrus IS-I class interneurons
are visualized by immunostaining for Calretinin (CR) and
establish multiple symmetrical synapses on the dendrites
and somata of other CR-positive IS-I cells, Calbindin
(CB) containing interneurons, and VIP-positive basket
cells, but they do not innervate PV-containing
interneurons. The dendrites of Dentate gyrus IS I neurons
appear in all layers of Dentate gyrus and more
characteristic feature of these dendrites is that they form
long dendrodendritic junctions with each other.
GABA DG Interneuron-
specific cell
Dentate gyrus Calretinin
Dentate gyrus IS-II
cell
interneurons. The Dentate Gyrus IS-II class interneurons
are visualized by immunostaining for Vasoactive Intestinal
Polypeptide (VIP). The dendrites of Dentate gyrus IS-II
GABA DG Interneruon-
specific II cell
Vasoactive intestinal
peptide
Polypeptide (VIP). The dendrites of Dentate gyrus IS-II
cells are present in all layers of Dentate gyrus.
Dentate gyrus
MOPP cell
The Dentate Gyrus MOPP cell (molecular layer perforant
path-associated cell) is a interneuron in hippocampal
formation. It is located deep in the DG molecular layer,
has a multipolar or triangular cell body and gives rise to an
axon that produces a substantial terminal plexus largely
limited to the outer two thirds of the DG molecular layer.
GABA Dentate gyrus
Dentate gyrus axo-
axonic cell
GABA DG Chandelier cell Dentate gyrus
Dentate gyrus
basket cell
pyramidal basket
cell
Dentate gyrus
Dentate gyrus
granule cell
The dentate gyrus granule cell is the only principal cell of
the dentate gyrus.
Glutamate Dentate gyrus
granule neuron
Granule cell of
dentate gyrus
Dentate granule cell
DG granule cell
Dentate gyrus Category:Granule
Soma Quality
Dentate gyrus hilar
cell
GABA Dentate gyrus
Dentate gyrus
mossy cell
Excitatory polymorphic intrinsic neuron of the dentate
gyrus hilus
Glutamate Mossy cell
Mossy neuron
Dentate gyrus
mossy neuron
Dentate gyrus
hilus
Category:Multipolar
Dentate gyrus spiny
CR cell
The DG spiny CR cells are present mostly in regions
where mossy fibers have a high density, i.e., in the hilus of
the dentate gyrus and in stratum lucidum of CA3 subfield.
The dendrites and somata frequently possess numerous
long hair-like spines that penetrate into bundles of mossy
fibers.
GABA DG Spiny CR
immunoreactive cell
DG Spiny CR-
positive
interneurons
Dentate gyrus
trilaminar
interneuron
Neuron with soma in the hilar region of the dentate gyrus.
The dendritic arbor orientation and axon collateral
distribution of this neuron resembles most the trilaminar
neuron 0f CA1 region. The axon collaterals extend
logitudinally into strata radiatum, pyramidale and oriens,
some axon collaterals reaching the subiculum and a main
GABA Dentate gyrus Calbindin 28K
some axon collaterals reaching the subiculum and a main
branch entering the fimbria. The dendrites of these
neurons run parallel with the pyramidal cell layer. Another
special feature is these cells are calbindin-positive
immunoreactive neurons.
Des1 neuron
Des3 neuron
Des3+1 neuron
Des3+1+1 neuron
DesA neuron Sensory neuron of the peripheral nervous system that
innervates a dorsal external sense (des) organ of the
abdominal, mesothoracic, metathoracic or prothoracic
segment of the embryo / larva.
DesB neuron Sensory neuron of the peripheral nervous system that
DesC neuron Sensory neuron of the peripheral nervous system that
DesD neuron Sensory neuron of the peripheral nervous system that
DesE neuron Most dorsal of the sensory neurons of the peripheral
nervous system that innervate a dorsal external sense
(des) organ of the mesothoracic, metathoracic or
prothoracic segment of the embryo / larva (Dambly-
Chaudiere and Ghysen, 1986).
Desn neuron
Direct flight muscle
motor neuron
.
Dopaminergic PAL
neuron
A dopaminergic neuron whose cell body is located in a
cluster of approximately 5 cell bodies in the cortex
located lateral to the dorsal portion of the vertical lobes in
the middle of the superior lateral protocerebrum.
PAL
Dopaminergic PAM
neuron
cluster of approximately 100 cell bodies in the cortex of
the anterior inferior medial protocerebrum. At least some
PAM
members of this group project to the medial tip of, and
areas posterior to, the mushroom body medial lobe.
Dopaminergic
PPL1 neuron
cluster of approximately 12 cell bodies in the cortex of the
posterior inferior lateral protocerebrum. Members of this
group project to various parts of the mushroom body: the
tip of the alpha lobe, the tip of the alpha' lobe, the upper
portion of the alpha lobe segment 2, alpha lobe segment 1
and the lower part of segment 2, and the pedunculus and
spur. Other members of this group arborize in areas other
than the mushroom body: the edge of the medial portions
of the medial lobes, broad areas surrounding the ipsilateral
vertical lobes, areas posterior to the ipsilateral vertical
lobes, and the entire span of the superior arch.
PPL1
Dopaminergic
PPL2ab neuron
posterior inferior lateral protocerebrum. Members of this
group send processes to various parts of the brain: one
group send processes to the calyx, the inferior portion of
the lateral horn and broad areas in the middle superior
medial protocerebrum, another group sends processes to
the calyx, the entire lateral horn and broad areas of the
middle superior protocerebrum, another subgroup
innervates the lobula and broad protocerebral areas, and
a final group innervates the posterior lateral
protocerebrum.
PPL2ab
Dopaminergic
PPL2c neuron
posterior lateral protocerebrum.
PPL2c
Dopaminergic
PPM1 neuron
Dopaminergic neuron whose cell body is located in a
small cluster along the dorsoventral midline of the
posterior superior medial protocerebrum.
PPM1
Dopaminergic
PPM2 neuron
posterior inferior medial protocerebrum.
PPM2
Dopaminergic
PPM3 neuron
cluster of approximately 6-8 cell bodies in the cortex of
the superior posterior slope.
PPM3
Dopaminergic
dorso-lateral neuron
Dopaminergic neuron dorsolaterally located in each
hemisegment of abdominal segments A1-A7.
dorso-lateral neuron hemisegment of abdominal segments A1-A7.
Dopaminergic
neuron (FBbt Term)
neurotransmitter, some dopamine (CHEBI:18243).
DA neuron
Dorsal anterior
lateral neuron of the
protocerebrum
A neuron whose cell body is located in the dorsal
anteriolateral protocerebrum (Xia et al., 2005), extending
its dendrites mainly in the superior dorsofrontal
protocerebrum. It projects its axons in three different
regions: where the dendritic tree is located and in the
dorsolateral and inferior dorsofrontal protocerebrum
domains. It establishes synaptic contacts with the pioneer
mushroom body alpha / beta neurons in a small dorsal
frontal domain of the mushroom body calyx (Chen et al.,
2012). There are two pairs of DAL neurons per
hemisphere (Xia et al., 2005).
DAL neuron
Dorsal cibarial
sense organ neuron
Neuron innervating the dorsal cibarial sense organ.
Dorsal group dA
neuron
Dorsal humeral
crossvein
campaniform
sensillum neuron
Neuron innervating the dorsal humeral crossvein
campaniform sensillum.
Dorsal motor
nucleus of vagus
motor neuron
Motor neuron whose cell soma lies within the dorsal
motor nucleus of the vagus, the principal parasympathetic
nucleus of the brain.
Acetylcholine Dorsal motor
nucleus of vagus
nerve
Dorsal root ganglion
A alpha-beta
nociceptive neuron
A alpha-beta non-
nociceptive neuron
Large cell located in the dorsal root ganglion with a single
process that extends into the periphery and into the spinal
cord. These neurons convey sensory information from the
body.
Glutamate Dorsal root
ganglion neuron
Dorsal root
ganglion cell
Dorsal root
ganglion
Neurofilament 200kD
A delta nociceptive
neuron
A delta non-
nociceptive neuron
C nociceptive
neuron
neuron
C non-nociceptive
neuron
Dorsal
spinocerebellar tract
cell
Dorsal tegmental
nucleus medium cell
Medium sized neuron located in the dorsal tegmental
nucleus pars ventralis characterized by an oval, oblong or
round shaped cell soma, an irregularly shaped oblong
nucleus with one or rarely two nucleoli and an indented
nuclear envelope. The somatic surface is smooth with no
smatic spines. any organelles are present in the cytoplasm,
including well developed rough endoplasmic reticulum
forming Nissl bodies.
Dorsal tegmental
nucleus medium
neuron
Dorsal tegmental
nucleus pars
ventralis
Category:Round,
oval, fusiform
Dorsal tegmental
nucleus small cell
Small neuron located in the pars dorsalis of the dorsal
tegmental nucleus characterized by a spindle or oval
shaped neuronal somata, an irregularly-shaped deeply
indented nucleus with a prominent nucleolus surrounded
by a small rim of cytoplasm containing mitochondria,
lysosomes, Golgi apparatus (not well developed) and
rough endoplasmic reticulum. These cells stain lightly in
Nissl preparations. No somatic spines are observed on
the cell soma.
Dorsal tegmental
nucleus small
neuron
Dorsal tegmental
nucleus pars
dorsalis
Category:Fusiform
Soma Quality
Dorsal tp motor
neuron
Dorso-lateral
dopaminergic
neuron
dorso-lateral
dopamine neuron
Dorsomedial
neurosecretory cell
E-1 neuron Neuron associated with the anterior crossvein
campaniform sensillum neuron, but does not possess a
typical dendrite whose conspicuous distal tip can be seen
near the surface of the epithelium (Murray et al., 1984).
EH neurosecretory
neuron
A neuron of the larval brain that expresses eclosion
hormone. A single pair of these neurons is present per
larva. Their processes extend the entire length of the
central nervous system and also to the corpora cardiaca
portion of the ring gland via the nervus corporis cardiaci.
EH neuron
Eb-no neuron Small field neuron of the central complex that innervates CCI (no-eb1)
only the ellipsoid body and the nodulus.
Eb-pb-vbo neuron Small field neuron of the central complex that connects a
large dorso-lateral area of the ellipsoid body to a lateral
glomerulus of the ipsilateral protocerebral bridge and to
either the ipsilateral or contralateral lateral accessory lobe
(ventral body). Forms club-like terminals in the
protocerebral bridge and spiny arborizations in the
ellipsoid body.
Embryonic / larval
olfactory receptor
neuron
Any olfactory receptor neuron (FBbt_00005926) that is
part of some larva (FBbt_00001727).
larval ORN
Endocrine neuron Any neuron (FBbt_00005106) that functions in (some)
endocrine hormone secretion (GO:0060986).
Entorhinal cortex
layer 2 stellate
neuron
Entorhinal cortex
Eo neuron Sensory neuron that is part of an eo-sensillum and whose
dendrite innervates the cuticular external sensory structure
of that sensillum.
Extra LNd neuron LNd neuron characterized by having a slightly larger
nucleus and cytoplasmic area compared to the other LNd
neurons.
Extrinsic neuron An interneuron that extends projections between different
neuropil domains.
Extrinsic no neuron Any extrinsic neuron (FBbt_00003660) that has synaptic
terminals in some nodulus (FBbt_00003680).
Extrinsic pb neuron Any extrinsic neuron (FBbt_00003660) that has synaptic
terminals in some protocerebral bridge
(FBbt_00003668).
Facial nucleus
motor neuron
Motor neuron whose cell soma lies within the facial
nucleus.
Acetylcholine facial nucleus motor
cell
7th nerve motor
neuron
VIIth nerve motor
neuron
Facial nucleus
Fan-shaped neuron Neuron with a large arborization field that forms a quasi-
horizontal strata within the fan-shaped body that fills it in
both the transverse and longitudinal directions. They
F neuron
both the transverse and longitudinal directions. They
mostly extend caudally from the anterior margin of the
fan-shaped body. This pattern makes some of them look
like a fan, although the strata in most cases do not show a
separation into 8 (or 16) segments. Some subtypes are
specific to a single fan-shaped body layer.
Fan-shaped neuron
F1
Any fan-shaped neuron (FBbt_00003657) that has
synaptic terminals in some fan-shaped body layer 1
(FBbt_00007487).
fan shaped neuron
F1
Fan-shaped neuron
F2
(FBbt_00007488).
fan shaped neuron
F2
Fan-shaped neuron
F3
(FBbt_00007490).
fan shaped neuron
F3
Fan-shaped neuron
F4
(FBbt_00007491).
fan shaped neuron
F4
Fan-shaped neuron
F5
(FBbt_00007492).
fan shaped neuron
F5
Fan-shaped neuron
F6
(FBbt_00007493).
fan shaped neuron
F6
Fb-eb neuron A small field neuron intrinsic to the central complex that
arborizes in only the fan-shaped body and the ellipsoid
body.
Fb-eb-no neuron A small field neuron intrinsic to the central complex that
arborizes in only the fan-shaped body, the ellipsoid body
and the nodulus.
Fb-ltr neuron A small field neuron of the adult central complex that
innervates only the fan-shaped body and the bulbs (lateral
triangles).
Fb-no neuron Small field neuron of the central complex that has small
arborizations with club-like fiber endings in the fan-shaped
body and terminates with spines and blebs in the
contralateral nodulus.
CCI (fb-no)
GABAergic neuron
(FBbt Term)
neurotransmitter, some gamma-aminobutyric acid
(CHEBI:16865).
GABA-ergic
neuron
(CHEBI:16865).
Ganglion cell The neuron of a ganglion.
Giant fiber neuron A large, descending neuron that controls jump escape
behavior (GO:0007630). Each adult has a bilaterally
symmetric pair of these neurons, each with a large cell
body at the posterior of the protocerebrum and a long
primary neurite (GO:0070852) that branches to forms an
extensive dendritic tree in the brain and an axon that
projects, via the cervical connective, to the mesothorax.
Targets of dendritic arborization include zone A of the
antennal mechanosensory and motor center (AMMC)
(Kamikouchi et al, 2009) and the inferior ventro-lateral
protocerebrum. In the mesothorax, the axon forms
electrical synapses with tergotrochanteral muscle motor
neuron (TTMn) and peripherally synapsing interneurons
(PSI)) of the mesothorax that in turn synapse to the motor
neurons of the dorso-longitudinal flight muscles.
GF
Giant sensillum of
the dorsal radius
neuron
Large sensory neuron (approximately 20 by 10
micrometres) innervating the single large campaniform
sensillum of the dorsal radius (Palka et al., 1979).
Gigantocellular
nucleus giant neuron
Nucleus
gigantocellularis
Globus pallidus
intrinsic cell
Globus pallidus
Globus pallidus
principal cell
Large neuron of he globus pallidus, both internal and
external segment, characterized by a large and fusiform or
trangular cell soma with long, thick aspiny dendrites that
may extend for over 1 mm.
GABA Globus pallidus
Glutamatergic
neuron (FBbt Term)
neurotransmitter, some glutamic acid (CHEBI:18237).
Gracilis nucleus
intrinsic cell
GABA Gracile nucleus
Gracilis nucleus
principal cell
Glutamate Gracile nucleus
Great commissural
interneuron
Any interneuron (FBbt_00005125) that fasciculates with
some great commissure (FBbt_00007080).
Grid cell a neuron which fires when an animal is in any point of
space which corresponds to a vertex of its triangular grid
firing field.
Entorhinal cortex
Gustatory receptor
neuron
GRN
perception of taste (GO:0050912).
Gustatory receptor
neuron of terminal
organ
Gustatory receptor neuron associated with the terminal
organ.
Gustatory receptor
neuron of the dorsal
organ
Gustatory receptor neuron that innervates the dorsal
organ. Projections from at least some of these neurons
innervate `subesophageal ganglion area 3`
(FBbt_00100141) (Colomb et al., 2007).
Gustatory receptor
neuron of the
epiphysis
Gustatory receptor that innervates the epiphysis.
Gustatory receptor
neuron of the
hypopharyngeal
sense organ
Gustatory receptor organ that innervates hypopharyngeal
sense organ.
Gustatory receptor
neuron of the
hypophysis
Gustatory receptor neuron that innervates the hypophysis.
Gustatory receptor
neuron of the
ventral organ
Gustatory receptor neuron that innervates the ventral
organ.
Head direction cell Neurons which fire when an animal's head is facing in a
particular direction of horizontal plane, regardless of
location, behavior or position of body
Head-direction cell Postsubiculum
Anterior Thalamus
Lateral
mammillary
nucleus
Hippocampus CA1
IS-I neuron
interneurons. The CA1 Interneuron Specific (IS) Type I
cells is one of the many IS cell types from the CA1
region. The soma is located in stratum radiatum and
pyramidale with dendrites spanning most layers and the
axon innervating mainly calbindin positive and other
calretinin positive cells (Acsady et al. 1996b; Gulyas et al.
1996). The possible expression of VIP by these cells is
not known.
CA1 IS-I cell CA1 stratum
radiatum
CA1 stratum
pyramidale
Calretinin
Hippocampus CA1
IS-II neuron
interneurons. The CA1 Interneuron Specific (IS) type II
CA1 IS-II cell CA1 stratum
radiatum
peptide
interneurons. The CA1 Interneuron Specific (IS) type II
cell is VIP+. The soma was reported mainly in stratum
radiatum and the border with lacunosum-moleculare, and
the dendrites are mostly in stratum lacunosum-moleculare
(Acsady et al. 1996b; Gulyas et al. 1996). The axon
innervates mainly CCK/VIP positive basket cells (Acsady
et al. 1996b; Gulyas et al. 1996). The possible expression
of calretinin by these cells is not known.
Hippocampus CA1
IS-III neuron
interneurons. CA1 Interneuron Specific (IS) type III cells
are VIP+, calretinin+ and terminals mGluR7a+. The soma
is located mainly in stratum pyramidale and radiatum with
radial dendrites crossing most layers (Acsady et al.
1996a,b). The axon innervates mainly O-LM cells
(Acsady et al. 1996a; Ferraguti et al. 2004) and terminals
express high level of mGluR7a in the presynaptic active
zone (Somogyi et al. 2003).
CA1 IS-III cell CA1 stratum
radiatum
CA1 stratum
pyramidale
peptide
Calretinin
Terminals mGluR7a
Hippocampus CA1
LM(R) PP neuron
CA1 lacunosum-moleculare radiatum PP neuron is a type
of CA1 interneuron which is associated with perforant
pathway. The cell bodies of these cells are in stratum
radiatum or at the border of stratum radiatum and
lacunosum-moleculare. The dendritic field reaches the
alveus and covers all layers (Hajos & Mody, 1997; Vida
et al. 1998).
CA1 lacunosum-
moleculare
radiatum perforant
path associated cell
CA1 LM/R PP cell
CA1 LM PP cell
CA1 stratum
radiatum
Hippocampus CA1
basket cell
GABA Hippocampal CA1
basket cell
Hippocampus
CA1 alveus
CA1 stratum
oriens
Hippocampus CA1
ivy neuron
Ivy cells are highly abundant GABAergic interneurons
when compared to basket, bistratified, or axo-axonic
cells. "Ivy" cells are named after their dense and fine
axons innervating mostly basal and oblique pyramidal cell
dendrites. They express nitric oxide synthase,
neuropeptide Y, and high levels of GABAa receptor
aplha1 subunit and they are also identified as slow-spiking
interneurons that regulate the excitability of pyramidal cell
dendrites through slowly rising and decaying GABAergic
inputs.
GABA CA1 ivy cell
ivy cell
CA1 stratum
pyramidale
Hippocampus CA1
lacunosum
moleculare neuron
CA1 Lacunosum-Moleculare (LM) interneurons are one
of the inhibitory interneuron in the CA1 area. The L-M
interneurons have been described as non-fast spiking cells
CA1 LM neuron CA1 stratum
lacunosum-
moleculare
moleculare neuron interneurons have been described as non-fast spiking cells
(Kawaguchi and Hama, 1987) with membrane properties
very different from those of pyramidal cells (Williams and
Lacaille, 1993). Dendrites extend in the stratum
lacunosum-moleculare, radiatum, and oriens and have a
very wide extension in the transverse slice (Lacaille and
Schwartzkroin, 1988a). The axonal arborization seems to
cover a wide area in both transverse and longitudianal
directions, projecting in stratum pyramidale and
sometimes in the stratum oriens (Lacaille and
Schwartzkroin, 1988a).
moleculare
Hippocampus CA1
neurogliaform
neuron
CA1 neurogliaform neuron is a GABAergic interneuron,
these cells are positive for NPY and co-express the actin-
binding protein alpha-actinin-2. They are not positive for
PV and VIP. Characteristically these neurons has a round
cell body and short, non-spiny dendrites that were
arranged in a stellate patterns around the cell body,
spatially localized to the SLM, and often enter the
molecular layer of the dentate gyrus. The axons are
branched profusely close to soma occupying greater area
than dendrites, like dendrites axons also tend to occupy
mainly the SLM, often traveling fairly long distances along
the SLM axis and mostly even entering the neighboring
molecular layer of the dentate gyrus.
CA1 NG cells
NG cells
CA1 stratum
lacunosum
moleculare
Neuropeptide Y
Alpha-actinin-2
Hippocampus CA1
oriens lacunosum
moleculare neuron
CA1 Oriens Lacunosum Moleculare (O-LM) cell is a
neuron, which is characterized as a non-pyramidal cell
type and interneuron that is mostly immunoreactive to
GABAergic markers with the soma and dendrites mainly
located in the CA1 stratum oriens and alveus, and axons
extend directly to the stratum lacunosum-moleculare,
ramifying there to form a dense plexus, forming
symmetrical inhibitory synapses with the distal apical
dendrites of pyramidal neurons while receiving excitatory
input from CA1 recurrent collaterals in a disynaptic,
feedback manner.
GABA CA1 O-LM
interneuron
CA1 alveus
CA1 stratum
oriens
Parvalbumin
Somatostatin
MGluR1
Hippocampus CA1
pyramidal cell
Pyramidal neuron with a soma located in hippocampal
area CA1. It receives input from Schaffer collaterals of
CA3 pyramidal neurons, and sends its axon to the
subiculum and entorhinal cortex.
Glutamate Hippocampal CA1
Pyramidal Neuron
CA1 pyramidal
neuron
Hippocampal CA1
pyramidal cell
CA1 stratum
pyramidale
Category:Pyramidal
Hippocampus CA1
stratum oriens
neuron
CA1 stratum oriens neuron is a neuron, which is
characterized as an interneuron by inhibiting pyramidal
cells through the activation of GABAa (Traub et al.,
1987a) with soma located in CA1 stratum orines and
alveus, dendrites extending into all strata (Lacaille and
williams, 1990) and axons covering a wide area in the
transverse direction, projecting onto basal dendrites and
soma of pyramidal cells and other interneurons (Lacaille et
al., 1987) in the hippocampus.
vertical cells
(Lacaille and
williams
1990)
CA1 stratum
oriens
CA1 alveus
GABA A-gated anionic
channel
Hippocampus CA1
trilaminar neuron
The CA1 trilaminar neuron is a neuron that is
characterized by its axon densely innervating three layers
stratum oriens, pyramidale and radiatum (Sik et al. 1995)
projecting to subiculum and possibly to other regions,
while the soma and long horizontal dendrites are in
stratum oriens with strong immunoreactivity for the m2
receptor in the somato-dendritic domain and intense
presynaptic mGluR8a decoration. It must also be noted
that the same name has been used for various other cells
with axon in at least three laminae (Hajos & Mody, 1997;
Pawelzik et al. 2002). However, for this particular cell
class the axons project to subiculum and possibly to other
brain areas as well.
CA1 trilaminar cell CA1 alveus
CA1 stratum
oriens
M2 receptor
MGLuR8a
Hippocampus CA2
basket cell broad
The CA2 basket cells are the largest group of
interneurons whose vertically oriented dendrites extend
across all layers from stratum oriens into stratum
lacunosum-moleculare and whose axons ramify
extensively in stratum pyramidale. The broad basket cells
GABA CA2 basket cell Hippocampus
CA2
Parvalbumin
extensively in stratum pyramidale. The broad basket cells
have significantly broader dendritic width, and axonal
arbors than that of other types of CA2 basket cells or of
CA1 basket cells.
Hippocampus CA2
basket cell narrow
The CA2 basket cells are the largest group of
interneurons in the CA2 region whose vertically oriented
dendrites extend across all layers from stratum oriens into
stratum lacunosum-moleculare and whose axons ramify
extensively in stratum pyramidale. The narrow basket cells
are narrow and both dendrites and axons are confined to
the region of origin.
GABA CA2 basket cell CA2 stratum
pyramidale
Parvalbumin
Calbindin 28K
Hippocampus CA2
bistratified cell
broad
The CA2 bistratified cells have radially oriented dendrites
that resemble CA1 bistratified cells, but they extend
through stratum oriens and stratum radiatum without
entering stratum lacunosum-moleculare. The broad CA2
bistratified cells have dendrites that extend horizontally
into all three CA subfields.
GABA CA2 bistratified cell CA2 stratum
pyramidale
Cholecystokinin
Hippocampus CA2
bistratified cell
narrow
A type of neuron found in hippocampal area CA2
characterized by radially oriented dendrites that resemble
CA1 bistratified cells, but they extend through stratum
oriens and stratum radiatum without entering stratum
lacunosum-moleculare. The narrow CA2 bistratified cell
dendrites and axons are more confined within the CA2
region.
GABA CA2 bistratified cell CA2 stratum
pyramidale
Cholecystokinin
Hippocampus CA2
pyramidal neuron
CA2 pyramidal cells are the primary excitatory cells of
CA2 region of the hippocampus. These cells have shorter
dendrites when compared to CA1 pyramidal cells. The
axons arbors into stratum radiatum, as well as into stratum
oriens of CA1, CA2 and CA3 regions. The CA2
pyramids are innervated by schaffer collaterals in stratum
oriens and stratum radiatum and by input from entorhinal
cortex in stratum lacunosum moleculare.
Glutamate CA2 pyramidal cell CA2
Hippocampus CA3
IS-I cell
interneurons. CA3 IS-I neurons are visualized for CR and
occur in all subfields of hippocampus and dentate gyrus.
The CA3 IS-I cells has soma located in strata radiatum,
oriens and pyramidale. The dendritic tree arborizes
extensively in stratum radiatum but may also invade other
layers. The characteristic feature of these dendrites is that
they from long dendrodendritic junctions with each other.
GABA CA3 Interneuron-
specific I cell
CA3 alveus
CA3 stratum
oriens
CA3 stratum
radiatum
CA3 stratum
pyramidale
Calretinin
they from long dendrodendritic junctions with each other.
The main axons ramify in stratum radiatum, where they
emit several collaterals that course in all directions.
Hippocampus CA3
IS-II cell
interneurons. CA3 IS-II cell type is visualized by
immunostaining for VIP. IS-II neurons are characterized
in hippocampus alone, where their somata are found in
stratum radiatum. The dendritic tree consists of a tuft of
smooth or sparsely spiny dendrites restricted to stratum
lacunosum-moleculare, where they profusely arborize.
The axon descends toward stratum pyramidale, thus
forming weeping willowlike arbor.
GABA CA3 interneuron-
specific II cell
CA3 stratum
radiatum
Vasoactive Intestinal
Polypeptide
Hippocampus CA3
axo-axonic cell
CA3 Chandelier cells of the hippocampus are very similar
to those in the dentate gyrus. The cell bodies are located
within or immediately adjacent to the pyramidal cell layer
and possess radially oriented dendrites spanning all layers.
According to the distribution of the dendritic tree,
chandelier cells are in a position to receive excitatory input
from all major sources of afferents in both the CA1 and
CA3 subfields.
GABA CA3 chandelier cell CA3 stratum
pyramidale
Hippocampus CA3
basket cell
The CA3 basket cell is an interneuron located in
hippocampus area CA3 characterized by a triangular or
fusiform soma, with one to three dendrites extending from
the cell soma. One of the three dendrites originate from
the apical pole of soma, which then branch profusely,
ascend through stratum radiatum, and often penetrate
stratum lacunosum-moelculare. Primary basal dendrites
are more numerous. They also branch close to soma and
fan out toward the alveus, spanning the entire depth of
stratum oriens.
GABA CA3 pyramidal
basket cell
CA3 stratum
pyramidale
Hippocampus CA3
lacunosum
moleculare neuron
The CA3 Lacunosum Moleculare (LM) neurons are
interneurons with somata in stratum lacunosum-moleculare
that receive converging stimulation from the DG and
entorhinal cortex as well as from within CA3. These LM
neurons have dendrites that are oriented horizontally
within the layer but occasionally have branches that
extend into the pyramidal cell layer. The axon also takes a
predominantly horizontal orientation and ramifies mainly in
the stratum lacunosum-moleculare or superficial layer
GABA CA3 LM
interneurons
CA3 stratum
lacunosum
moleculare
Category:bipolar
portion of the stratum radiatum.
Hippocampus CA3
oriens interneuron
The CA3 stratum oriens interneuron is a fast spiking
interneuron in hippocampal area CA3 with a main
dendrite arborization extending in the stratum oriens and a
widespread axonal arborization in all strata (Kawaguchi et
al., 1987). The vast majority of dendritic processes were
confined to the same layers as the cell bodies (Kantona et
al., 1999).
GABA CA3 SO
interneuron
CA3 SO neuron
Hippocampus CA3
stratum oriens
interneuron
CA3 stratum oriens
interneuron
CA3 s. oriens
interneuron
CA3 alveus/oriens
Hippocampus CA3
oriens lacunosum
moleculare neuron
OLM cells (oriens/lacunosum-moleculare associated cell)
has as its defining feature a dense axonal arbor that is
confined to the stratum lacunosum-moleculare (also
known as cells terminating in conjunction with entorhinal
afferents). In principle the cell body and dendritic trees
are located in the zones occupied by recurrent pyramidal
cell collaterals. In CA3 this includes all strata except the
stratum oriens.
GABA OLM cell CA3 stratum
oriens
CA3 alveus
Category:Pyramidal
Soma Quality
Somatostatin
Hippocampus CA3
pyramidal cell
This is the major output neuron in area CA3 of the
hippocampus. It receives input from mossy fibers of the
dentate gyrus. Its axon projects to the contralateral
hippocampus and subcortically to the septal nucleus, and
sends axon collaterals called Shaffer collaterals to the
nearby CA1 region.
Glutamate Hippocampal CA3
Pyramidal Neuron
CA3 pyramidal
neuron
CA3 pyramidal cell
CA3 stratum
pyramidale
Category:Pyramidal
Hippocampus CA3
radiatum neuron
The CA3 Radiatum (R) neurons are interneurons with
somata in stratum radiatum which receives converging
stimulation from the DG and entorhinal cortex as well as
from within CA3. The dendritic tree of R interneurons
typically extend between the dorsal blade of the dentate
GABA CA3 R interneuron CA3 stratum
radiatum
Category:bipolar
gyrus and the stratum pyramidale of CA3. The axonal
branches often extend beyond their layer of somatic
residence into stratum lacunosum-moleculare or stratum
pyramidale.
Hippocampus CA3
spiny CR cell
The CA3 spiny CR cell is an interneuron in Hippocampus
that is present mostly in regions where mossy fibers have
a high density, i.e., in the hilus of the dentate gyrus and in
stratum lucidum of CA3 subfield. The dendrites and
somata frequently possess numerous long hair-like spines
that penetrate into bundles of mossy fibers.
GABA CA3 Spiny CR
immunoreactive cell
CA3 Spiny CR-
positive
interneurons
CA3 stratum
lucidum
Calretinin
Hirudo P Cell A sensory neuron responsive to pressure stimuli of the
skin. There are 4 of them in each segmental ganglia of the
leech, and they are located in the lateral and posterior
packets.
Pressure Cell
P Cell
Segmental ganglia
Hirudo Retzius cell A large, serotonergic neuron located in the central packet
of the segmental ganglion in the medicinal leech. Two of
these cell are located in each segmental ganglia and are
electrically coupled to each other.
Serotonin Retzius
R Cell
Segmental
ganglion
Category:Spherical
Soma Quality
Histaminergic
neuron
neurotransmitter, some histamine (CHEBI:18295).
Horizontal fiber
system neuron
Neuron whose cell body lies in the cortex just dorsal to
the protocerebral bridge and that innervates a single
glomerulus of the protocerebral bridge, a segment pair of
the fan-shaped body and one of the two ventral bodies
(lateral accessory lobes). Bundles of 3 or 4 horizontal
fiber system neurons connect each glomerulus to a fan-
shaped body segment and then run horizontally in layer 4
where they arborize in all 4 shells. Arborizations in the
protocerebral bridge are spiny, terminals in the ventral
bodies are blebs, both types of terminals are formed in the
fan-shaped body.
HFS
Horizontal fiber
system neuron pb1
Horizontal fiber system neuron that innervates
protocerebral bridge glomerulus 1, fasciculates with pb-fb
tract Z, innervates the contralateral fan-shaped body
segment pair X and the contralateral lateral accessory
lobe.
Horizontal fiber
system neuron pb2
Horizontal fiber system neuron that innervates the
protocerebral bridge glomerulus 2, and fasciculates with
pb-fb tract Z. Crossing contralaterally, it innervates both
the fan-shaped body segment pair Y and the lateral
the fan-shaped body segment pair Y and the lateral
accessory lobe.
Horizontal fiber
system neuron pb3
tract Y, innervates contralateral fan-shaped body segment
pair Z and the contralateral lateral accessory lobe.
Horizontal fiber
system neuron pb4
Horizontal fiber system neuron that innervates the
protocerebral bridge glomerulus 4 and fasciculates with
pb-fb tract Y. It also innervates the ipsilateral fan-shaped
body segment pair Z and the contralateral lateral
accessory lobe.
Horizontal fiber
system neuron pb5
tract X, innervates the ipsilateral fan-shaped body
segment pair Y and the ipsilateral lateral accessory lobe.
Horizontal fiber
system neuron pb6
protocerebral bridge glomerulus 6 and fasciculates with
pb-fb tract X. It also innervates the ipsilateral fan-shaped
body segment pair X and the ipsilateral lateral accessory
lobe.
Horizontal fiber
system neuron pb7
tract W, innervates the ipsilateral fan-shaped body
segment pair W and the ipsilateral lateral accessory lobe.
Horizontal fiber
system neuron pb8
tract W, innervates the ipsilateral fan-shaped body
segment pair W and the ipsilateral lateral accessory lobe.
Hygrosensitive
neuron
Hypoglossal nucleus
GABA neuron
Neuron in hypoglossal nucleus characterized by a small
spindle shaped or fusiform soma
GABA hypoglossal GABA
neuron
Hypoglossal
nucleus
Category:Fusiform
Soma Quality
Hypoglossal nucleus
motor neuron
Motor neuron whose soma lies in the hypoglossal nucleus Acetylcholine hypoglossal motor
neuron
hypoglossal nucleus
motoneuron
hypoglossal
motoneuron
12th nerve motor
neuron
XII nerve motor
neuron
Hypoglossal
nucleus
neuron
Hypothalamus
oxytocin
neuroendocrine
magnocellular cell
Oxytocin Hypothalamus
Hypothalamus
oxytocin releasing
neuroendocrine
magnocellular
neuron
Hypothalamus
Hypothalamus
vasopressin
neuroendocrine
magnocellular
neuron
Vasopressin Hypothalamus
I1 motor neuron
III1 motor neuron
III3 motor neuron
IP neuron Serotonergic neuron whose cell body is located in one of
2 (bilateral) clusters in the brain: in the larva these clusters
occupy the ventral cortex (rind) adjacent to the esophagus
aperture, in the adult they are located in the cortex of the
inferior-medial protocerebrum.
Indirect flight
muscle motor
neuron
.
Indirect flight
muscle motor
neuron MN1
Indirect flight
muscle motor
neuron MN2
Indirect flight
muscle motor
neuron MN3
Indirect flight
muscle motor
neuron MN4
Indirect flight
muscle motor
neuron MN5
Inferior olivary
nucleus interneuron
Inferior olivary
complex
Inferior olivary
nucleus principal
neuron
Inferior olivary
complex
Interneuron (FBbt
Term)
A neuron that is neither a sensory receptor nor a motor
neuron.
Intrinsic neuron
(FBbt Term)
A neuron arborizing exclusively within a given neuropil
domain. Intrinsic (local) interneurons may be ipsilateral,
restricted to one of side of a paired neuropil domain, or
bilateral, extending a process across the midline and
arborizing in both sides of a pair of bilaterally symmetric
neuropil domains.
local interneuron
Intrinsic pb neuron Interneuron that innervates only the protocerebral bridge.
Intrinsic vbo neuron Interneuron that innervates only the lateral accessory lobe
(ventral body).
Johnston organ
neuron
Scolopidial (mechanosensory) neuron of Johnston's
organ. Its axon innervates the antennal mechanosensory
and motor center.
JON
Johnston organ
neuron phasically
activated by arista
deflection
Johnston's organ neuron whose response is activated by
small, bi-directional displacements of the antenna.
Johnstons organ
neuron phasically
activated by arista
deflection
Kenyon cell A Kenyon cell is an intrinsic neuron of the mushroom
body. Its cell body, situated in the cortex above the calyx
of the mushroom body, is smaller than those in the
surrounding midbrain cortex. Four short fascicles extend
from the cell bodies of the Kenyon cells into the calyx.
Each fascicle corresponds to axons from a set of cell
bodies descended from a single mushroom body
neuroblast. These 4 smaller fascicles converge in the calyx
where they arborize and form pre- and post-synaptic
terminals (Christiansen et al., 2011).They emerge from the
calyx as a thick axon bundle referred to as the peduncle
that bifurcates to innervate the dorsal and medial lobes of
the mushroom body.
intrinsic cell of
mushroom body
L1 GRN Gustatory receptor neuron responsive to low
concentrations of salt (Montell, 2009).
L2 GRN Gustatory receptor neuron responsive to high
concentrations of salt (Montell, 2009) and bitter
concentrations of salt (Montell, 2009) and bitter
compounds (Meunier et al., 2003).
LLN Local interneuron of the adult antennal lobe, from the
lateral AL neuroblast lineage.
LN period neuron Period (FBgn0003068) expressing neuron of the adult
brain whose cell body is located in the cortical region
between the medulla and the central brain neuropil.
LNd neuron Lateral period-expressing neuron (LN) whose cell body is
located in the dorsal-most cluster of LNs. These neurons
project axons to the dorsal protocerebrum. These
projections overlap with those of the DN neurons and
many project contralaterally through the dorsal fusion
commissure. Some dendrites from these neurons follow a
complicated, looping path from the rest and project to the
accessory medulla.
LNd
LNv neuron Lateral period-expressing neuron (LN) whose cell body is
located in the ventral cluster of LNs, at the level of the
esophageal foramen (Helfrich-Forster, 1998). It has
neurites associated with the accessory medulla (aMe)
(Helfrich-Forster et al., 2007). The LN neuronal group
are necessary and sufficient for generation of robust adult
locomotor rhythms in the absence of environmental cues
(Helfrich-Forster et al., 2007).
LP neuron Period-expressing neuron located in a cluster of 3-4 cells
in the lateral central brain, medial to the LNd cluster and
near the posterior of the brain (Shafer et al., 2006,
Helfrich-Forster, 2005).
LP1 neuron Serotonergic neuron whose cell body is located in one of
2 (bilateral) clusters: in the larva these clusters occupy a
mid-lateral position at the optic lobe margin and have
axons that join a midline-crossing tract, in the adult they
are located in the cortex of the lateral protocerebrum,
anterior to the optic tract and project their axons centrally
into the midbrain.
LP2 neuron Serotonergic neuron whose cell bodies are located in 2
pairs of clusters (a and b) in the adult brain in the cortex
of optic peduncle, adjacent to the medulla layer. These
cells are born during metamorphosis.
Labral sense organ
neuron
neuron
Lamprey motor
neuron
Large adult Pdf
neuron of
abdominal
neuromere
Larval Pdf neuron of the abdominal neuromere with a
larger cell body than the larger Pdf neurons that are
located more posteriorly (Helfrich-Forster, 1997).
Large field neuron Interneuron with one or more large arborization fields
relative to the neuropil domain(s) it innervates.
Large field neuron
of the central
complex
Large field neuron that innervates the central complex.
Typically these neurons innervate a single neuropil domain
with the central complex, arborizing in either the entire
domain or some entire subdomain, as well as innervating
additional regions external to the central complex.
Larval Pdf neuron Larval neuron that expresses Pdf (FBgn0023178).
Larval Pdf neuron
close to calyx
Larval Pdf (FBgn0023178) expressing neuron whose cell
body lies in a cluster within the dorsal cortex. Pdf
expression begins late in L1. Its process project into the
median ventral brain dorsolateral to the esophagus. There
are two to four of these neurons per cluster.
Larval dorsomedial
neurosecretory cell
Neurosecretory cell of the pars intercerebralis. Its axonal
projection bifurcates, with one of the main branches
projecting to the contralateral side and exiting the brain
and bifurcating again. One of these secondary branches
fasciculates with the nerve tracts that innervate the corpus
cardiacum in the ring gland and also innervate the
hypocerebral ganglion. The other follows the aorta and
innervates the heart (Cao and Brown, 2001, Rulifson et
al., 2002, Ikeya et al., 2002). The other main projection
innervates the subesophageal ganglion and the esophagus
(Rulifson et al., Ikeya et al., 2002). These cells are
present in a bilateral cell body cluster of four to five cells
in each hemisphere (Cao and Brown, 2001, Rulifson et
al., 2002, Ikeya et al., 2002).
MNC
Larval olfactory
receptor neuron
Or13a
Larval olfactory receptor neuron (ORN) that expresses
Or13a (FBgn0030715).
ORN (Or13a)
Larval olfactory
receptor neuron
Or1a
Or1a (FBgn0029521).
ORN (Or1a)
Larval olfactory
receptor neuron
Or22c (FBgn0026396).
ORN (Or22c)
receptor neuron
Or22c
Or22c (FBgn0026396).
Larval olfactory
receptor neuron
Or24a
Or24a (FBgn0026394).
ORN (Or24a)
Larval olfactory
receptor neuron
Or30a
Or30a (FBgn0032096).
ORN (Or30a)
Larval olfactory
receptor neuron
Or33a
Or33a (FBgn0026392).
ORN (Or33a)
Larval olfactory
receptor neuron
Or33b / Or47a
Or33b (FBgn0026391) and Or47a (FBgn0026386).
ORN (Or33b)
Larval olfactory
receptor neuron
Or35a
Or35a (FBgn0028946).
ORN (Or35a)
Larval olfactory
receptor neuron
Or42a
Or42a (FBgn0033041).
ORN (Or42a)
Larval olfactory
receptor neuron
Or42b
Or42b (FBgn0033043).
ORN (Or42b)
Larval olfactory
receptor neuron
Or45a
Or45a (FBgn0033404).
ORN (Or45a)
Larval olfactory
receptor neuron
Or45b
Or45b (FBgn0033422).
ORN (Or45b)
Larval olfactory
receptor neuron
Or49a
Or49a (FBgn0033727).
ORN (Or49a)
Larval olfactory
receptor neuron
Or59a
Or59a (FBgn0026384).
ORN (Or59a)
Larval olfactory
receptor neuron
Or63a
Or63a (FBgn0035382).
ORN (Or63a)
Larval olfactory
receptor neuron
Or67b (FBgn0036019).
ORN (Or67b)
Or67b
Larval olfactory
receptor neuron
Or74a
Or74a (FBgn0036709).
ORN (Or74a)
Larval olfactory
receptor neuron
Or82a
Or82a (FBgn0041621).
ORN (Or82a)
Larval olfactory
receptor neuron
Or83a
Or83a (FBgn0037322).
ORN (Or83a)
Larval olfactory
receptor neuron
Or85c
Or85c (FBgn0037591).
ORN (Or85c)
Larval olfactory
receptor neuron
Or94b
Or94b (FBgn0039034).
ORN (Or94b)
Larval pacemaker
neuron
Pacemaker neuron that is part of the larval nervous
system.
Lateral fan-shaped
neuron ExFl1
Extrinsic lateral fan-shaped neuron that projects
posteriorly, arborizing in the middle inferior medial
protocerebrum and lateral accessory lobe (ventral body),
before projecting across the midline to circle around the
contralateral side of the ellipsoid body, and innervates the
fan-shaped body. Innervation of the lateral accessory
lobes is presynaptic, whilst that of the fan-shaped body is
postsynaptic. The cell bodies of neurons in this class
cluster in the cortex dorsal to the antennal lobes.
Lateral fan-shaped
neuron FE1
Lateral fan-shaped neuron that connects the fan-shaped
body and the ellipsoid body.
Lateral fan-shaped
neuron Fl
Fan-shaped neuron with a fiber that reaches the fan-
shaped body laterally and that extends along its anterior
surface.
Lateral fan-shaped
neuron Fl1
.
Lateral fan-shaped
neuron Fl2
.
Lateral fan-shaped
neuron Fl3
.
Lateral fan-shaped .
neuron Fl4
Lch1 neuron
Lch3 neuron Scolopidial neuron of laterally located triscolopidial
chordotonal organ lch3.
Les4 neuron
LesA neuron Sensory neuron of the peripheral nervous system that
innervates a lateral external sense (les) organ of the
LesB neuron Sensory neuron of the peripheral nervous system that
LesC neuron Sensory neuron of the peripheral nervous system that
LesD neuron Sensory neuron of the peripheral nervous system that
prothoracic segment of the embryo / larva.
Leucokinin neuron Neuron that expresses leucokinin (FBgn0028418). LK neuron
Local interneuron of
adult antennal lobe
A local interneuron that is part of an adult antennal lobe. LI
Locus coeruleus
NA neuron
Norepinephrine Locus coeruleus
noradrenergic
neuron
Locus ceruleus
Mauthner cell Giant reticulospinal neuron found in brainstem of most
teleosts
Acetylcholine M-cell Brainstem Category:Oval Mauthner cell-specific
antibody
Calcium calmodulin
protein kinase II
Zona occludens 1
Connexin 35
Mechanosensory
neuron
detection of mechanical stimulus involved in sensory
perception (GO:0050974).
Mechanosensory
neuron of adult
labial sensillum 1
Mechanosensory neuron innervating the adult labial
Mechanosensory
neuron of adult
labial sensillum 2
Mechanosensory
neuron of adult
labial sensillum 3
Mechanosensory
neuron of adult
labial sensillum 4
Mechanosensory
neuron of adult
labial sensillum 5
Mechanosensory
neuron of adult
labial sensillum 6
Mechanosensory
neuron of adult
labial sensillum 8
Mechanosensory
neuron of adult
labial sensillum 9
Median fan-shaped
neuron Fm
Fan-shaped neuron that projects through the ellipsoid
body canal via the median bundle to arborize with bleb-
like terminals in the second layer of the fan-shaped body.
Fm1
Median fan-shaped
neuron Fm1
Median fan-shaped neuron Fm whose perikarya lie in a
dorso-caudal cluster near to the mushroom body calyx
and have a domain of spiny fibers in the dorso-lateral
protocerebrum.
Median fan-shaped
neuron Fm2
Median fan-shaped neuron Fm whose perikarya lie close
to those of the R neurons (FBbt_00007507) whose
projections they fasciculate with in the RF tract. They
have spiny arborizations in the ipsilateral lateral accessory
lobe (ventral body).
Median fan-shaped
neuron Fm3
Median fan-shaped neuron Fm whose perikarya lie in a
dorso-caudal cluster near to the mushroom body calyx
and have a domain of spiny fibers in the dorso-medial
protocerebrum.
Medullary collateral
inhibitory neuron
Medullary
commissural
inhibitory neuron
Mesothoracic
anterior fascicle
neuron
some mesothoracic intersegmental nerve
(FBbt_00002104).
Mesothoracic
posterior fascicle
neuron
some mesothoracic segmental nerve (FBbt_00002125).
Mesothoracic
ventral
neurosecretory
neuron
.
Metathoracic
anterior fascicle
neuron
some metathoracic intersegmental nerve
(FBbt_00002142).
Metathoracic
posterior fascicle
neuron
some metathoracic segmental nerve (FBbt_00002163).
Metathoracic
ventral thoracic
neurosecretory
neuron
.
Midline neuron .
Motor neuron
(FBbt Term)
A neuron that sends movement impulses to the muscle
system.
Multidendritic
neuron
Sensory neuron of the PNS having multiple dendrites. Type II neuron
Mushroom body
(Honey bee)
Kenyon cell
A Kenyon cell is an intrinsic neuron of the mushroom
body. Its cell body is situated in the soma rind of the calyx
of the mushroom body. The primary neurite originates in
the soma layer and projects to the calyx neuropil.Here it
divides into a dendritic tree and an axon. The latter
projects into the mushroom body peduncle and lobes.
FMRFamid mushroom body
intrinsic neuron
Soma rind Category:Spherical Kakusai gene
MKast gene
Mushroom body
alpha / beta neuron
Mushroom body neuron that bifurcates at the anterior end
of the pedunculus and projects into the alpha and beta
alpha / beta
Kenyon cell
alpha / beta neuron of the pedunculus and projects into the alpha and beta
lobes of the mushroom body. The alpha / beta neurons
are the last born of the Kenyon cells, born during the
pupal stage. In the pedunculus, the alpha / beta neurons
occupy the core stratum with the gamma axons at the
periphery and the alpha' / beta' neurons in the intermediate
stratum (Awasaki et al., 2006). It also arborizes in the
calyx, forming pre- and post-synaptic terminals
(Christiansen et al., 2011).
Kenyon cell
Mushroom body
alpha' / beta' neuron
Mushroom body neuron that bifurcates at the anterior end
of the pedunculus, projecting into the mushroom body
alpha'-lobe and beta'-lobe. The alpha' / beta' neurons are
the second born of the Kenyon cells, born during the mid-
larval stage before the alpha and beta neurons, but after
the gamma neurons. In the pedunculus, the alpha' and
beta' neurons occupy the intermediate stratum between
the gamma axons at the periphery and the alpha / beta
neurons at the core. The alpha' / beta' neuron also
arborizes in the calyx, forming post-synaptic terminals
(Christiansen et al., 2011).
mushroom body
alpha / beta
Kenyon cell
Mushroom body
anterior inferior
medial cell
A neuron, whose cell body is part of a cluster of
approximately fifty mushroom body intrinsic neurons per
brain hemisphere, that is located in front of the anterior
inferior medial protocerebrum, anterior to the vertical and
medial mushroom body lobes. The cell body fiber enters
the medial lobe through the gap between the gamma and
beta' lobes. Within the gamma lobe, neurite projection is
limited to the middle segment between the tip and the
base of the lobe, named as gamma4. In the beta', neurites
arborize in the lateral part of the beta'a stratum (beta'a1)
and the medial segment of beta'm and beta'p strata
(beta'm2 and beta'p2). At the medial edge of the beta'm
and beta'p strata, some of the fibers project to the
contralateral lobe.
MB-AIM
Mushroom body
calyx arborizing
neuron 1
Neuron whose cell body is located at the posterior area
of the lateral cell body region between the posteriorlateral
protocerebrum and the optic lobe. There is only one of
these per hemisphere. It projects dorsally towards the
lateral horn before branching and extensively arborizing in
the ventral part of the lateral horn, then turning medially
and terminating in the calyx.
MB-C1
Mushroom body A neuron whose cell body is located on the posterior MB-C2
Mushroom body
calyx arborizing
neuron 2
A neuron whose cell body is located on the posterior
superior medial protocerebrum close to the pars
intercerebralis. There are 3 of these per hemisphere. Their
cell bodies form a cluster. The cell body fiber runs
ventrally and bifurcates near the protocerebral bridge to
form a laterodorsal and a lateroventral projection. The
dorsal projection arborizes in the superior and inferior
neuropils, with some branches entering the accessory
calyx of the mushroom body. Some of these fibers
connect the accessory calyx and the ventral peripheral
zone of the main calyx. The ventral projection forms
extensive arborization in the superior and inferior
neuropils, and further projects to the posteriorlateral
protocerebrum.
MB-C2
Mushroom body
calyx-pedunculus
arborizing neuron 1
One of approximately two neurons per brain hemisphere
whose cell body is located on the posteriorlateral
protocerebrum, ventrolateral to the calyx. The cell body
fiber projects to and arborizes with the pedunculus where
it bifurcates, with one branch turning posteriorly to
terminate in the calyx. The other branch projects
anteriorly through the pedunculus, turns medially and runs
below the medial lobe. The fiber then turns dorsally,
enters the medial lobe and bifurcates in the gamma lobe.
One of these fibers turns medially to the opposite medial
lobe, whilst the other turns dorsolaterally and terminates in
the inferior neuropils, posterior to the medial lobe.
MB-C1
Mushroom body
extrinsic neuron
Neuron that innervates the mushroom body and other
neuropils.
Mushroom body
gamma neuron
Mushroom body neuron that innervates the mushroom
body vertical and medial lobes of larvae, but is pruned
back during early pupal stages to innervate only the
gamma lobe (Awasaki and Ito, 2004, Awasaki et al.,
2006). The gamma neurons are the first born of the
Kenyon cells, born before the alpha' and beta' neurons. In
the pedunculus, the gamma axons occupy the periphery,
with the alpha / beta neurons occupying the core stratum
and the alpha' / beta' neurons in the intermediate stratum
(Awasaki and Ito, 2004, Awasaki et al., 2006, Tanaka et
al., 2008). The gamma neuron also arborizes in the calyx,
forming pre- and post-synaptic terminals (Christiansen et
al., 2011).
gamma Kenyon cell
Mushroom body
intrinsic neuron
An interneuron that innervates only the mushroom body.
Mushroom body
medial lobe
arborizing neuron 1
A neuron, which is part of a cluster of five or six neurons
per brain hemisphere, whose cell body is located in front
of the inferior neuropils, anterior to the middle part of the
medial lobe. A neurite projects dorsolaterally and forms
arborizations further in the inferior neuropils and within the
superior neuropils. Some of these branches extend
ventromedially and arborize in the medial-most segments
of the gamma lobe and the beta-s and beta'-a strata.
Some of the fibers further project to the contralateral
medial lobes.
MB-M1
Mushroom body
medial lobe
arborizing neuron 2
A neuron, which is part of a cluster of approximately ten
neurons per brain hemisphere, whose cell body lies on the
inferior neuropils above the anterior surface of the middle
part of the gamma lobe. The cell body fiber runs dorsally
on the anterior surface of the gamma lobe, with one
branch innervating the middle part of the gamma lobe.
Another branch further bifurcates on the dorsal surface of
the medial lobe. One of these branches terminates in the
inferior neuropils behind the medial lobe, whilst the other
turns medially through the border between the gamma and
beta' lobes and enters the opposite hemisphere. The fibers
from the opposite hemisphere run horizontally, enter the
medial lobe through border between the gamma and beta'
lobes and forms arborization in the middle part of the
gamma lobe.
MB-M2
Mushroom body
medial lobe
arborizing neuron 3
A neuron, which is part of a cluster of two to five neurons
per brain hemisphere, whose cell body is found on the
inferior neuropils near the junction of the lobes. The cell
body fiber arborizes in the inferior and superior neuropils.
The main fiber runs medially towards the tip of the medial
lobe. Before entering the beta lobe, fibers branch off to
project to the opposite hemisphere. The fibers entering
the beta lobe arborize in the medial segment.
MB-M3
Mushroom body
medial lobe
arborizing neuron 4
Neuron whose cell body is located on the superior
neuropils of each hemisphere, anterior to the pars
intercerebralis. The cell body fiber is sent ventrally
towards the medial lobe. Arborizations occur in the
inferior neuropils just dorsal to the beta' lobe. The main
fiber enters the mushroom body between the gamma and
MB-M4
fiber enters the mushroom body between the gamma and
beta' lobes and forms terminals in the medial segment of
the beta' lobe. Fibers then further run medially to the
opposite beta' lobe. There are two of these per
hemisphere.
Mushroom body
medial lobe
arborizing neuron 5
A neuron, which is part of a cluster of approximately 5
neurons per brain hemisphere, whose cell body is located
on the inferior neuropils, anterior to the vertical lobe. The
cell body fiber travels medially and arborizes in the inferior
neuropils above the middle part of the medial lobe. The
main fibers then intermingle with the MB-M4 neurons and
enter the medial lobe through the same pathway as MB-
M4.
MB-M5
Mushroom body
medial lobe
arborizing neuron 6
A bilateral neuron whose cell body is located on the
superior neuropils, anterior to the pars intercerebralis. The
cell body fiber travels ventrally towards the medial lobe,
running along the anterior surface of the gamma lobe,
turning medially at the bottom of the gamma lobe and
forming a terminal in the most medial segment of the
gamma lobe. The main fiber then enters the opposite
gamma lobe, runs dorsolaterally through the border
between the gamma and beta' lobes, arborizing in the
inferior and superior neuropils.
MB-M6
Mushroom body
medial lobe
arborizing neuron 7
A neuron, which is part of a cluster of approximately two
neurons per brain hemisphere, whose cell body is found in
the inferior neuropils, anterior to the medial lobe. The cell
body fibers project mediodorsally and bifurcate in the
inferior neuropils. One branch arborizes here and the
other runs ventromedially in the anterior surface of the
medial lobe and innervates the gamma lobe.
MB-M7
Mushroom body
medial-vertical lobe
arborizing neuron 1
A neuron whose cell body is located in the inferior
neuropils, ventrolateral to the calyx of each brain
hemisphere. The cell body fiber projects towards the
anterior of the inferior neuropils. On the way there it
bifurcates with one branch turning ventrally and
terminating in the ventral complex. The second branch
further branches in the inferior neuropil close to the beta
lobe. One of these branches runs medially to the opposite
hemisphere. Another turns ventrolaterally and arborizes in
the basal segments of the gamma lobe and the alpha lobe.
The final branch arborizes in the anterior region of the
inferior neuropil.
MB-MV1
inferior neuropil.
Mushroom body
medial-vertical lobe
arborizing neuron 2
A neuron whose cell body is located in front of the ventral
complex, ventral to the junction of the lobes in each brain
hemisphere. The cell body fiber runs dorsomedially to the
opposite hemisphere. The fiber from the opposite
hemisphere runs laterally and bifurcates behind the tip of
the beta' lobe. One of the fibers runs ventrally and enters
the medial-most part of the beta lobe where it arborizes
through the tip of the beta-p lobe to the lateral part of the
beta lobe segment. The other fiber runs dorsolaterally
towards the tip region of the vertical lobe and terminates
in the superior neuropils. On the way, the fiber bifurcates
and one of the branches terminates in the tip of the alpha'
lobe.
MB-MV2
Mushroom body
pedunculus-medial
lobe and vertical
lobe arborizing
neuron 1
A neuron, which is part of a cluster of at least seven
neurons, whose cell body is located on the inferior
neuropils, near the junction of the mushroom body lobes
of each brain hemisphere. The cell body fiber bifurcates in
front of the vertical lobes. One of these branches turns
ventromedially to the tip of the medial lobe, whereas the
other runs dorsally. The first branch innervates the medial
lobe through the border between the gamma and beta'
lobes and bifurcates both medially and laterally at the
border between the beta and beta' lobes. One bundle of
fibers runs medially to the opposite lobe, whereas the
other runs laterally to the basal segments of the beta and
alpha lobe as well as the core of the pedunculus. The
second of the initial branches diverges in the superior
neuropils near the tip of the vertical lobe. One branch
turns laterally, runs through the anterior side of the vertical
lobe and terminates in the superior intermediate
protocerebrum and superior medial protocerebrum.
Another branch turns medially and terminates in the
anterior dorsal superior medial protocerebrum. Some
branches turn laterally, innervating the posterior dorsal
superior medial protocerebrum and posterior dorsal
superior lateral protocerebrum, and terminate in the
anterior dorsal superior lateral protocerebrum.
MB-MVP1
Mushroom body
pedunculus-medial
lobe and vertical
lobe arborizing
A neuron whose cell body is located on the inferior
neuropils in each brain hemisphere. The cell body fiber
runs posteriorly and bifurcates laterally and medially. The
lateral branch arborizes in the lateral-most spur area of the
MB-MVP2
lobe arborizing
neuron 2
lateral branch arborizes in the lateral-most spur area of the
gamma lobe and the inner core of the pedunculus. The
medial branch bifurcates in front of the middle segment of
the medial lobe. One of the branches projects to the
contralateral medial lobe. On the way to the opposite
hemisphere, in the medial segment of the medial lobe, one
fiber branches out, turns dorsolaterally and arborizes in
the inferior neuropils. Some fibers extend further to the
superior neuropils. The other branch turns dorsally, runs
along the alpha lobe and terminates in the posterior tip of
the alpha' lobe.
Mushroom body
pedunculus-medial
lobe arborizing
neuron 1
A neuron whose cell body is located on the inferior
neuropils, lateral to the calyx of each brain hemisphere.
The cell body fiber runs anteriormedially and diverges
above the ellipsoid body, with most of the branches
arborizing in the anterior part of the inferior neuropils. One
fiber turns dorsolaterally, runs in front of the anterior
surface of the vertical lobe and terminates in the middle of
the inferior neuropils. On the way, one fiber branches off
and arborizes in the anterior and middle of the superior
neuropils. Another fiber turns ventromedially and projects
to the opposite hemisphere. A third fiber turns
ventrolaterally, runs in front of the anterior surface of the
gamma lobe and then below the gamma lobe, and
arborizes in the spur of the gamma lobe and inner core of
the pedunculus.
MB-MP1
Mushroom body
pedunculus-vertical
lobe arborizing
neuron 1
A neuron, which is part of a cluster of at least two
neurons, whose cell body is located on the inferior
neuropils, near the junction of the mushroom body lobes
of each brain hemisphere. The cell body fiber bifurcates
near the vertical lobe. One of these fibers turns
ventromedially to the tip of the medial lobe, whereas the
other runs dorsally. The ventromedially directed branch
innervates the medial lobe through the border between the
gamma and beta' lobes. One branch runs medially to the
opposite medial lobe whereas the other runs laterally to
the basal segments of the alpha lobe and the inner core of
the pedunculus. From the alpha lobe, one branch runs
dorsally, turns dorsolaterally behind the alpha lobe and
terminates in the posterior of the superior neuropils where
it arborizes and further spreads laterally to the anterior
dorsal superior lateral protocerebrum and the inferior
MB-VP1
dorsal superior lateral protocerebrum and the inferior
neuropils.
Mushroom body
ventral lobe
arborizing neuron 1
A single neuron whose cell body is located on the
superior neuropils lateral to the calyx of each brain
hemisphere. The cell body fiber projects anterior-medially
and forms branches in the superior neuropils posterior to
the vertical lobes. One of these branches projects to the
opposite hemisphere and others project to the vertical
lobe and form extensive arborizations in the middle
segment of both the alpha and alpha' lobes.
MB-V1
Mushroom body
ventral lobe
arborizing neuron 3
A neuron, which is one of approximately two neurons per
brain hemisphere, whose cell body is located in the
dorsal-most area of the subesophageal ganglion,
ventromedial to the antennal lobe. The cell body fiber
ascends through the median bundle to the level of the
gamma lobe, and then projects towards the tip of the
alpha lobe where it forms extensive arborization. On the
way to the alpha lobe, several fibers branch off with some
arborizing in the superior neuropils, and others arborize in
this region before turning anteriorly and terminating in the
anterior dorsal superior medial protocerebrum.
MB-V3
Mushroom body
ventral lobe
arborizing neuron 4
One of approximately two neurons per brain hemisphere
whose cell body is located in the dorsal-most area of the
subesophageal ganglion, ventromedial to the antennal
lobe. The cell body fiber ascends through the median
bundle to the level of the gamma lobe before making a
steep lateral turn and forming extensive branches in the
inferior neuropils. Some branches further arborize in the
superior neuropils posterior to the vertical lobe. The main
fiber further projects towards the vertical lobe and
arborizes extensively in the alpha' lobe.
MB-V4
Neocortex Cajal-
Retzius cell
Neurons of the human embryonic marginal zone which
display, as a salient feature, radial ascending processes
that contact the pial surface, and a horizontal axon plexus
located in the deep marginal zone. These cells were first
described by Retzius (Retzius, 1893, 1894) (see the cell
labelled 'Retzius, 1893' in Fig. 1). There is consensus that
homologous elements are present in the non-primate
neocortex, where their morphology is much simpler, as
initially described in 1891 by Cajal (Fig. 2) (Cajal, 1891).
\\nThe definition of these cells has remained somewhat
Cajal-Retzius Cell Brain marginal
zone
confusing, in part because Cajal and Retzius studied
different species and different developmental stages, and
also because their original publications have not been
generally available. Meyer et al (1999)prefer to define
'Cajal\\u2013Retzius cells' loosely, as the family of Reln-
immunoreactive (ir) neurons in the marginal zone, and
reserve the term of pioneer neurons for the early, Reln-
negative preplate derivatives that settle in the MZ and
project to sub-cortical levels. Adapted from Meyer et al.
(1999)
Neocortex
Martinotti cell
GABA Martinotti cell Neocortex layer 2
Neocortex layer 3
Neocortex layer 5
Category:Oval Somatostatin
Neocortex basket
cell
GABA cortical basket cell
basket cell
cortical basket
neuron
Neocortical basket
cell
parvalbumin
interneuron
Neocortex
Neocortex layer 2
Neocortex layer 3
Neocortex bipolar
cell
Bipolar dendrite
cell
Cortical bipolar cell
Neocortex Category:Fusiform
Neocortex bouquet
double cell
Type of inhibitory cortical interneuron that provides
inhibitory innervation of pyramidal neurons. Most
commonly described in primates; may be absent in rodent
(DeFelipe et al., 2001).
Double Bouquet
Cell
Neocortex Category:Fusiform
Neocortex
candelabrum cell
candelabrum
neuron
candelabrum cell
Neocortex
Neocortex
chandelier cell
Type of cortical interneuron characterized by a bitufted
appearance, with groups of dendrites extending from the
upper and lower poles of an elongate cell body, but some
cells have a more multipolar configuration.
Cortical chandelier
cell
Chandelier cell
Chandelier-type
cell
Neocortex
Neocortex polymorphic cell Neocortex layer 5
Neocortex
polymorphic cell
layer 5-6
polymorphic cell
Layer 5-6
polymorphic cell
Neocortex
polymorphic neuron
layer 5-6
Neocortex layer 5
Neocortex layer 6
Neocortex primary
motor area
pyramidal layer 2-3
cell
This basic neuron type in the neocortex has a pyramidal-
shaped cell body with apical and basal dendrites, with an
axon that projects to other cortical areas as well giving
rise to local collaterals.
Glutamate Superficial cortical
pyramidal cell
Neocortex layer 2
Neocortex layer 3
Category:Pyramidal
Neocortex primary
motor area
pyramidal layer 5
callosal cell
This is a basic type of neocortical cell with a pyramidal
shaped cell body and apical and basal spiny dendrites. Its
axon gives off local collaterals and projects through the
corpus callosum to the contralateral neocortex. It belongs
to the group termed intra-telencepalic pyramidal cells.
Glutamate Neocortex layer 5 Category:Pyramidal
Neocortex primary
motor area
pyramidal layer 5
corticopontine-
tectal cell
This is a basic type of necortical cell with a pyramidal-
shaped cell body and apical and basal spiny dendrites. Its
axon projects subcortically to the midbrain tectum, and
gives off local collaterals with the necortex. It belongs to
the group termed infra-telencenphalic pyramidal cells.
Glutamate Neocortex layer 5 Category:Pyramidal
Neocortex primary
motor area
pyramidal layer 5
corticospinal cell
This is a basic type of neocortical cell with a pyramidal-
shaped cell body and apical and basal spiny dendrites. It
has an axon that projects subcortically to the spinal cord,
giving off collaterals to the thalamus, and local collaterals
within the cortex. It belongs to the group termed infra-
telencephalic pyramidal cells.
Glutamate Upper motor
neuron
corticospinal
neuron
Betz cell
Neocortex layer
5B
Category:Pyramidal Ctip2
Fezf2
HCN1
Neocortex primary
motor area
pyramidal layer 5
corticostriate cell
This is a basic type of neocortical cell with a pyramidal-
shaped cell body and basal and apical spiny dendrites. Its
axon projects to the neostriatum, and gives off local
collaterals with the neocortex. It belongs to the group
termed intra-telenchephalic.
Glutamate Cortico-striate cell Neocortex layer 5 Category:Pyramidal
Neocortex primary
motor area stellate
layer 4 cell
This basic type of neuron in the neocortex is characterized
by a spherical cell body giving rise to multiple spiny
dendrites radiating in many directions. .
Glutamate Mostly neocortical
layer 4
Category:Spherical
Neocortex primary
visual area
pyramidal layer 2-3
cell
Glutamate Visual cortex
primary layer 2
Visual cortex
primary layer 3
Category:Pyramidal
Neocortex primary
visual layer 5
callosal cell
Neuron in lower layer 5 of primary visual cortex with
pyramidal or ovoid soma that project via the corpus
callosum to the opposite visual cortex. At the area 17/18
border, callosal neurons are distributed evenly throughout
Visual cortex
primary layer 5
Category:Pyramidal
border, callosal neurons are distributed evenly throughout
the depth of layer 5. These neurons do not send
projections to either the pontine nuclei or the superior
colliculus. Apical dendrites of these cells were never
observed to extend above layer 4. Basal dendrites were
restricted to layer 5 and upper part of layer 6. 2-6
primary basal dendrites originated from the base of the
pyramid or ovoid cell body.
Neocortex primary
visual layer 5
corticopontine/tectal
pyramidal cell
Pyramidal neuron with soma located predominantly in the
upper middle part of layer 5. These neurons have medium
to large somas with 5 or 6 primary basal dendrites (4-7
primary basal dendrites) and a single apical dendrite
ascending to layer 1. Double labeling experiments show
that these cells send collaterals to the pontine nucleus and
the superior colliculus. It is possible that all cells sending
projections to these regions send collaterals, but the
presence of populations of cells sending projections to
only the superior colliculus or the pontine nuclei cannot be
ruled out.
Visual cortex
primary layer 5
Category:Pyramidal
Neocortex
pyramidal cell
Pyramidal neuron of the cerebral cortex (not including
hippocampus or olfactory cortex). The pyramidal cell of
the neocortex is located in layers 2-3 and 5-6, has a
pyramidal-shaped cell body which gives off a number of
laterally-directed basal dendrites and usually a single
apical dendrite which ascends to branch and terminate in
layer 1; these dendrites are covered in dendritic spines.
Glutamate Neocortical
pyramidal cell
Neocortical
pyramidal neuron
Cortical pyramidal
neuron
neocortex
pyramidal neuron
Neocortex Category:Pyramidal
Neocortex
pyramidal cell layer
5-6
The pyramidal cell of layer 5 of the neocortex has a
pyramidal-shaped cell body which gives off a number of
laterally-directed basal dendrites and usually a single
apical dendrite which ascends to branch and terminate in
layer 1; these dendrites are covered in dendritic spines.
The axon descends through the internal capsule, giving off
collaterals to the thalamus, to the medullary pyramids,
where most of the axons cross controlaterally to descend
and innervate the ventral horn of the spinal cord.
Glutamate deep pyramidal cell
Neocortex
pyramidal neuron
layer 5-6
Layer 5-6
pyramidal cell
layer 5 pyramidal
neuron
layer 5 pyramidal
cell
Tufted layer 5
Neocortex layer 5
Neocortex layer 6
Category:Pyramidal
Tufted layer 5
(TL5) pyramidal
neurons
Neocortex
pyramidal layer 2-3
cell
This basic excitatory neuron type has a pyramidal-shaped
cell body, with apical and basal dendrites. Typically, there
is an axon that projects to other cortical and/or
subcortical areas, as well as giving rise to local collaterals.
Glutamate corticocortical cell
superficial
pyramidal cell
Neocortex
pyramidal neuron
layer 2-3
Layer 2-3
pyramidal cell
Neocortical
pyramidal neuron:
superficial
deep layer (layer 5
6) pyramidal cell
Neocortex
Neocortex layer 2
Neocortex layer 3
Neocortex layer 5
Neocortex layer 6
Neocortex layer 4
Category:Pyramidal ?
Neocortex stellate
cell
cortical stellate cell
layer 4 stellate cell
stellate cell cortical
Neocortex
Neocortex stellate
layer 4 cell
Cortical stellate cell
cortical stellate
Neocortex layer 4
neuron
cortical spiny
stellate cell
Neocortex stellate
smooth cell
A non-pyramidal neuron class found primarily in layer IV
of mammalian neocortex characterized by relatively
smooth dendrites (While and Rock, 1980).
Cortical Smooth
Stellate Cell
Neocortex layer 4 Category:Fusiform
Neocortex stellate
spiny cell
A non-pyramidal neuron class found primarily in layer IV
of mammalian neocortex characterized by a high density
of dendritic spines (While and Rock, 1980).
Cortical Spiny
Stellate Cell
Neocortex layer 4
Neostriatum
Neurogliaform cell
Striatum
Neostriatum
SOM/NOS cell
GABA
Somatostatin
Neuropeptide Y
striatal SOM/NOS
interneuron
SOM/NOS
interneuron
neostriatum
SOM/NOS
interneuron
LTS cell
PLTS cell
somatostatin/nitric
oxide synthase
interneuron
Striatum Category:Oval Somatostatin
Nitric oxide synthase
brain
Neostriatum
cholinergic cell
Large cholinergic interneuron in the caudate nucleus and
putamen, extensive axon collaterals terminate on striatal
medium spiny neurons
Acetylcholine Giant cholinergic
interneuron
Striatal cholinergic
interneuron
large striatal aspiny
neuron
cholinergic striatal
neuron
Neostriatum
cholinergic
interneuron
Neostriatum giant
cell of Kolliker
Neostriatal
cholinergic
interneuron
Aspiny type 1
neuron
Striatum Category:Fusiform Choline
Acetyltransferase
neuron
Neostriatum direct
pathway spiny
neuron
The principal projection neuron of the caudate and
putamen.
GABA Medium spiny
neuron
Neostriatal spiny
neuron
Medium-sized
spiny neuron
Striatal spiny
neuron
Striatal medium
spiny neuron
Caudate nucleus
Putamen
Nucleus
accumbens
Category:Multipolar Enkephalin
Substance P
Neostriatum
gaba/parvalbumin
interneuron
A type of interneuron located in the striatum that stain
intensely for GABAergic markers and for parvalbumin.
The cells are medium sized with round somata and
smooth, sometimes varicose dendrites. The axonal
arborization banches extensively and often forms baskets
on the somata of the spiny neurons. Intracellular staining
studies suggest that these cells may be divided into two
subgroups epending on whether their dendrites and axons
ramify within 100-150 um of the soma or are more
extended (up to 300 um) Adapted from The Basal
Ganglia, Chapter 9, Shepherd, G. M. The synaptic
organization of the brain, 5th ed, New York: Oxford
University Press.
GABA GABA/parvalbumin
striatal interneuron
fast-spiking
interneuron
FS Cell
Striatum Category:Multipolar Parvalbumin
Neostriatum indirect
pathway spiny
neuron
The principal projection neuron of the caudate and
putamen.
GABA Medium spiny
neuron
Neostriatal spiny
neuron
Medium-sized
spiny neuron
Striatal spiny
neuron
Striatal medium
spiny neuron
Caudate nucleus
Putamen
Nucleus
accumbens
Category:Multipolar Enkephalin
Substance P
Neuroendocrine
motor magnocellular
neurosecretory cell
Hypothalamic
magnocellular
neurosecretory cell
Hypothalamic
magnocellular
neurosecretory
neuron
Magnocellular
Hypothalamus
Magnocellular
secretory neuron
Neuron of aristal
sensillum
Sensory neuron of aristal sensillum. Each sensillum
contains a pair of sensory dendrites. The outer segment of
these dendrites is encased in an electron-dense dendritic
sheath and each of the pair has a distinct morphology: one
is short and cylindrical proximally, but flattened distally,
the other is larger and has a plasma membrane that form 2
interdigitating spiral whorls of lamellae and has
periodically arranged electron dense particles protruding
from the plasma membrane into the extracellular space
(Foelix et al., 1989). The inner-segments of these
dendrites are delimited from the outer segments by a
ciliary region and are rich in vesicles, mitochondria and
ribosomes. The somata sit in a small ganglion near the
base of the arista. The axons project via the aristal nerve,
which merges with the antennal nerve, and innervate
glomeruli VP2 and / or VP3 of the adult antennal lobe.
(Stocker et al., 1983).
Neurosecretory cell
Neurosecretory
neuron
hormone secretion (GO:0046879).
Nucleus ambiguus
motor neuron
Motor neuron whose soma lies within the nucleus
ambiguus and whose axons project through the
glossopharyngeal or vagus nerve to innervate the striated
muscules of the pharynx and larynx (Heimer, The human
brain and spinal cord, 2nd ed, 1995, pg 258 and table
11-1, pg 266).
Acetylcholine Nucleus ambiguus
Nucleus laminaris
principal neuron
The nucleus laminaris (NL) in birds is the third-order
auditory neurons located in the brainstem, analogous to
the medial superior olive (MSO) in mammals. Neurons in
NL and MSO are structurally and biophysically
specialized to compute interaural time differences (ITDs),
time disparities in the arrival of signals between the two
ears, using low-frequency sounds. ITDs are the primary
binaural cues for sound localization and segregation in
humans and other low-frequency hearing vertebrates.
While commonly used laboratory mammals such as mice
and rats are high-frequency listeners and have a poorly
developed MSO circuit, the structurally and functionally
Glutamate Analogous to the
Medial Superior
Olive (MSO) in
mammals
Nucleus laminaris Category:Oval Voltage-gated
potassium channel -
type 1
Voltage-gated
potassium channel -
type 3
Sodium channel
High-molecular weight
neurofilament
Plasma membrane
ATPase
Microtubule-associated
similar circuit in the chicken brainstem provides a
particularly useful vertebrate model for basic research of
ITD computation, due to its simple anatomy, well-
characterized development and cell biology, and
importantly, as a genetic tractable system.
protein 2
Fragile x mental
retardation protein
Translational elongation
factor 2
Ocellus retinula cell
Octopaminergic
neuron
neurotransmitter, some octopamine (CHEBI:17134).
Oculomotor nucleus
motor neuron
Motor neuron whose cell soma lies within the oculomotor
nucleus
oculomotor nucleus
motor cell
3rd nerve motor
neuron
IIIrd nerve motor
neuron
Oculomotor
nuclear complex
Olfactory bulb
(accessory)
glomerular layer cell
Small intrinsic neuron in the glomerular layer of the
accessory olfactory bulb, with cell bodies surrounding the
olfactory glomerulus. Equivalent to the periglomerular cell
of the main olfactory bulb, but the glomeruli are less
clearly differentiated. The cell body is 6-8 um in diameter,
from which arises a short bushy dendrite that arborizes
within a glomerulus, where it receives synaptic input from
olfactory receptor cell axon terminals, and engages in
dendrodendritic interactions with mitral/tufted cell
dendrites. The axon distributes laterally within the
extraglomerular region. Shepherd, Chen, Greer. Olfactory
bulb. In The synaptic organization of the brain, ed 5 New
York: Oxford University Press, 2004.
GABA
Dopamine
Glomerular layer
cell
periglomerular cell
Olfactory bulb
Olfactory bulb
accessory nucleus
Olfactory bulb
accessory
glomerular layer
Category:Oval Calcium binding protein
Olfactory bulb
(accessory) granule
cell
The main intrinsic neuron in the accessory olfactory bulb
in the mammalian central nervous system. It resembles the
granule cell in the main olfactory bulb, including the lack of
an axon. Each cell gives rise to short central dendrites and
a single long apical dendrite that traverses the granule cell
layer, pierces the mitral cell body layer, and branches and
terminates within the external plexiform layer among the
lateral dendrites of mitral and tufted cells. The dendrites
receive synaptic input from mitral and tufted cell dendrites,
and have synaptic outputs to those dendrites through
reciprocal dendrodendritic synapses. Shepherd, Chen,
Greer. Olfactory Bulb. In The Synaptic Organization of
the Brain, ed 5. New York: Oxford University Press,
2004. The AOB granule cells are replaced in the adult
GABA Accessory
olfactory bulb
granule neuron
Accessory
olfactory bulb
granule cell
Olfactory bulb
(accessory)
granule cell layer
Olfactory bulb
(accessory) mitral
cell body layer
Category:Spherical Parvalbumin
through ongoing neurogenesis in the subventricular zone
Olfactory bulb
(accessory) mitral
cell
A principal neuron of the mammalian accessory olfactory
bulb. Resembles the mitral cell of the main olfactory bulb,
though somewhat smaller and less clearly differentiated.
The cell bodies are arranged in a thin layer between the
granule cell layer and the external plexiform layer. Each
mitral cell is characterized by one (occasionally several)
primary dendrite that traverses the external plexiform layer
and terminates within an olfactory glomerulus in a tuft of
branches where it receives input from the axons of
sensory cells of the vomeronasal organ.
Glutamate Mitral cell of the
accessory olfactory
bulb
accessory olfactory
bulb mitral cell
Olfactory bulb
(accessory) mitral
cell body layer
Category:Mitral Tbr1
Tbr2
Tbx21
Olfactory bulb
(main) Blanes cell
Large, stellate-shaped short axon cell in the granule cell
layer of the main olfactory bulb.
GABA Blanes Cell
Olfactory bulb
(main) deep short
axon cell
short axon cell
Olfactory bulb
main granule cell
layer
Category:Spherical
Olfactory bulb
(main) adult-born
granule cell
The olfactory bulb adult-born granule cell is a cohort of
cell that comprise a large fraction of the vertibrate
olfactory bulb granule cell layer. These neurons proliferate
from from the subventricular zone, migrate through the
rostral migratory stream and integrate into the olfactory
bulb granule cell layer. Upon arriving in the olfactory bulb
granule cell layer they migrate radially outward and mature
with morphologies similar to neonate olfactory bulb
granule cells. This process continues throughout the adult
life of the vertibrate. There is some decline in adult
neurogenesis in aged vertebrates and the presence of the
subventricular proliferative zone is controversial in humans
GABA Olfactory bulb
main granule cell
layer
Category:Granule Parvalbumin
Olfactory bulb
(main) granule cell
The main intrinsic neuron in the vertebrate olfactory bulb.
It lacks an axon. Each cell gives rise to short central
dendrites and a single long apical dendrite that traverses
the granule cell layer, pierces the mitral cell body layer,
and branches and terminates within the external plexiform
layer among the lateral dendrites of mitral and tufted cells.
The dendrites receive synaptic input from mitral and tufted
cell lateral dendrites, and have synaptic outputs on those
dendrites through reciprocal dendrodendritic synapses.
Shepherd, Chen & Greer. Olfactory Bulb. The Synaptic
Organization of the Brain, ed 5. New York: Oxford
University Press, 2004.
GABA Granule cell of
olfactory bulb
Olfactory granule
neuron
Olfactory bulb
main granule cell
layer
Olfactory bulb
main mitral cell
body layer
Category:Granule Parvalbumin
Olfactory bulb Principal neuron located in the olfactory bulb in the Glutamate Mitral neuron Olfactory bulb Category:Mitral T-box protein 21
Olfactory bulb
(main) mitral cell
Principal neuron located in the olfactory bulb in the
mammalian central nervous system. The cell bodies are
arranged in a thin layer between the granule cell layer and
the external plexiform layer. Each mitral cell is usually
characterized in the mammal by a single primary dendrite
that traverses the external plexiform layer and terminates
within an olfactory glomerulus in a tuft of branches which
receives input from the axons of olfactory receptor
neurons. Axons of the mitral cells project to a number of
areas in the brain, including the piriform cortex, entorhinal
cortex, olfactory tubercle, and amygdala.
Glutamate Mitral neuron Olfactory bulb
main mitral cell
body layer
Category:Mitral T-box protein 21
Protocadherin gamma-
C3
Olfactory bulb
(main)
periglomerular cell
Small intrinsic neuron in the glomerular layer of the
olfactory bulb, with cell bodies surrounding the olfactory
glomerulus. The cell body is 6-8 um in diameter, from
which arises a short bushy dendrite that arborizes within a
glomerulus, where it receives synaptic input from olfactory
receptor cell axon terminals, and engages in
dendrodendritic interactions with mitral/tufted cell
dendrites. Occasionally, bitufted PG cells connected to
two glomeruli are seen. The axon distributes laterally
within the extraglomerular region, extending as far as 5-10
glomeruli away. Some PG cells appear to lack axons.
Subtypes may be identified based on their biochemical
constituents.
GABA
Dopamine
Periglomerular
neuron
Olfactory bulb
periglomerular cell
Olfactory bulb
main glomerular
layer
Category:Spherical Calbindin 28K
Olfactory bulb
(main) tufted cell
(middle)
Principal neuron located in the outer third of the external
plexiform layer of the olfactory bulb in the mammalian
central nervous system. Each tufted cell is characterized
by usually a single short primary dendrite that traverses
the outer external plexiform layer and terminates within an
olfactory glomerulus in a tuft of branches, where it
receives the input from olfactory receptor neuron axon
terminals. Differentiated from external tufted cells. Axons
of the tufted cells transfer information to a number of
areas in the brain, including the piriform cortex, entorhinal
cortex, olfactory tubercle, and amygdala. Shepherd,
Shen, Greer. Olfactory bulb. In The synaptic organization
of the brain, ed 5 New York: Oxford University Press,
2004.
Glutamate Olfactory bulb
(main) tufted cell
(middle)
Olfactory bulb
Olfactory bulb
(main) internal
plexiform layer
outer part
Category:Spherical
Olfactory bulb main
tufted cell external
Cholecystokinin external tufted cell
olfactory bulb
external tufted cell
Olfactory bulb
main glomerular
layer
Category:Spherical
external tufted cell
external tufted
neuron
layer
Olfactory cortex
deep pyramidal cell
A cell with the classic pyramidal-shaped cell body and
apical and basal dendritic trees, with cell body in layer III
of the piriform (olfactory) cortex. Its axon arises from the
deeper aspect of the cell body and gives rise to collaterals
which terminate within the layer III on local intrinsic cells,
and also recur to layer III and II where they form
association fibers that connect to the apical dendrites of
pyramidal neurons and continue to become centrifugal
fibers to the olfactory bulb.
Glutamate Small pyramidal
neuron
Olfactory cortex
pyramidal neuron
piriform cortex
deep pyramidal
neuron
Piriform cortex
layer 3
Anterior piriform
cortex
Category:Pyramidal
Olfactory cortex
horizontal cell
Medium-size interneuron in the superficial layer I of the
olfactory cortex, with dendrites oriented parallel to the
surface, and axon descending to layer II. They
presumably receive excitatory input from the LOT fibers
and are inhibitory in layer II.
GABA Horizontal cell
(olfactory)
olfactory horizontal
cell
Piriform cortex
layer 1
Olfactory cortex
Category:Oval
Olfactory cortex
multipolar cell
A type of intrinsic neuron found in the deep part of layer
III of the olfactory cortex and the subjacent endopiriform
nucleus. Several subpopulations of deep multipolar cells
may be distinguished based on morphology and
physiology. The one described here has pyramidal cell-
like spiny dendrites.
Glutamate Olfactory cortex
large multipolar
neuron
Olfactory cortex
large multipolar cell
Olfactory cortex
Olfactory cortex
deep layer III
Olfactory cortex
semilunar cell
Projection neuron found in the superficial border of layer
II (IIa) of piriform cortex similar in characteristics to a
pyramidal cell and also resembling the granule cell of the
dentate gyrus. It has an apical but no basilar dendrites.
They project to other cortical areas but, in contrast to
pyramidal cells, they do not project back to the olfactory
bulb.
Glutamate semilunar cell
semilunar neuron
Olfactory cortex
layer 2a
Primary olfactory
cortex
Anterior piriform
cortex
Category:Fusiform Doublecortin
Olfactory cortex
small globular cell
A small stellate cell with globular somata found in all
layers of the piriform cortex.
GABA Olfactory cortex
Olfactory cortex A cell with the classic pyramidal-shaped cell body and Glutamate Small pyramidal Olfactory cortex Category:Pyramidal
superficial
pyramidal cell
apical and basal dendritic trees, with cell body in layer IIb
and superficial layer III of the piriform (olfactory) cortex.
Its axon arises from the deeper aspect of the cell body
and gives rise to collaterals which terminate within the
layer III on local intrinsic cells, and also recur to layer III,
II and Ib where they form association fibers that connect
to the apical dendrites of pyramidal neurons and continue
to become centrifugal fibers to the olfactory bulb.
neuron
Olfactory cortex
pyramidal neuron
layer IIb and
superficial III
Olfactory cortex
Anterior piriform
cortex
Olfactory epithelium
main sensory cell
This is the sensory neuron of the main olfactory epithelium
in the nasal cavity that transduces odor molecules into
receptor potentials, which give rise to the impulse trains
that are sent further in the olfactory system.. It is a small
bipolar cell in the pseudostratified olfactory epithelium,
with cell body 8-15 um diameter giving rise to a single
dendrite ending in a knob at the epithelial surface, from
which arise several sensory cilia. A single unmyelinated
axon descends through the basal lamina and turns to
project to the glomeruli of the olfactory bulb. Shepherd,
Chen & Greer. Olfactory Bulb, In The Synaptic
Organization of the Brain. 5th ed. 2004.
Glutamate olfactory receptor
cell
olfactory sensory
neuron
Middle layer of
pseudostratified
olfactory
epithelium
Category:Spherical Olfactory receptors
expressed in the cilia
Olfactory epithelium
main supporting cell
So called supporting or sustentacular cell, that spans the
depth of the olfactory epithelium, with cell bodies in an
approximate layer near the surface, and microvilli
extending into the overlying mucus. The cytoplasm
contains large dense granules that are released into the
mucus. Their electrophysiological properties are similar to
those of glial cells (high membrane potential, low input
resistance). They are coupled with each other through gap
junctions.
Glutamate sustentacular cell
supporting cell
sustentacular main
olfactory epithelium
supporting cell
Olfactory
epithelium middle
layer
Category:Fusiform Olfactory receptors
Olfactory receptor
neuron (FBbt Term)
perception of smell (GO:0050911).
ORN
Olfactory receptor
neuron of dorsal
organ
Odorant receptor expressing bipolar neuron whose
dendrite innervates the central dome sensillum of the
dorsal organ, whose cell body is part of the dorsal organ
ganglion and whose axon is carried by the antennal nerve
to innervate a larval antennal lobe glomerulus.
DO ORN
Olfactory tubercle
Islets of Calleja DA
Dopamine Islands of Calleja
dopamine cell
Olfactory tubercle
cell Islets of Calleja
dopamine cell
Olfactory tubercle
Islets of Calleja DA
neuron
Olfactory tubercle
Islets of Calleja
GABA cell
GABA Islands of Calleja
Gaba interneuron
Islets of Calleja
Gaba interneuron
Olfactory tubercle
Islets of Calleja
GABA interneuron
Olfactory tubercle
Olfactory tubercle
Islets of Calleja
dwarf neuron
The olfactory tubercle (anterior perforated substance in
primates) contains clusters of cells appearing as caps
made up of small cells surrounded by pyramidal cells,
identified originally as "islets of Calleja" by Calleja (1893)
and summarized by Cajal (1911).
Islands of Calleja Category:Spherical
Olfactory tubercle
Islets of Calleja
granule neuron
Neuron located in the granule cell clusters in the olfactory
tubercle characterized by a small soma with one to two
small sparsely spiny varicose dendrites. The axon has not
been observed to exit the clusters in Golgi preparations.
Ultrastructurally, it is characterized by scant cytoplasm
and a round nucleus (Meyer et al., 1989)
Island of Calleja
granule neuron
Island of Calleja
granule cell
Islands of Calleja
Olfactory tubercle
Islets of Calleja
large Type 2 hilar
cell
Type of large hilar neuron located in the hilar region of the
granule cell clusters (Islands of Calleja) or the olfactory
tubercle that can be differentiated morphologically from
other types of hilar neurons: it has several primary
dendrites that branch relatively close to the soma but
without forming bushlike or other special dendritic
complexes; the dendrites do not go along the border of
the granule cell clusters but approach them at right angles;
the axon also arises from the cell soma (Millhouse, 1987).
Islands of Calleja Category:Oval
Soma Quality
Olfactory tubercle
Islets of Calleja
large hilar cell
Large neuron associated with the hilar region of the
granule cell clusters (Islands of Calleja) in the olfactory
tubercle in the hilar region . It has two thick primary
dendrites, 40-90 um long, that branch near the periphery
of the granule cell cluster with several dendritic branches
coming off of the main shaft close together in a bushlike
manner (Millhouse, 1987).
Olfactory tubercle
large hilar neuron
Islands of Calleja
Olfactory tubercle Granule cell found in the granule cell clusters (Islands of Island of Calleja Islands of Calleja
Olfactory tubercle
Islets of Calleja
spiny granule
neuron
Granule cell found in the granule cell clusters (Islands of
Calleja) in the olfactory tubercle characterized by a high
density of dendritic spines (Millhouse, 1987)
Island of Calleja
spiny granule
neuron
Islands of Calleja
Oligo-glomerular
lLN
Local interneuron of the adult antennal lobe that is derived
from the lateral AL neuroblast lineage and that innervates
only some of the adult antennal lobe glomeruli.
Optic lobe neuron Any neuron (FBbt_00005106) that has synaptic terminals
in some optic lobe (FBbt_00003701).
Pacemaker neuron Neuron that supports clock-gene oscillations under
light:dark cycles or constant conditions, and participates in
control of the diurnal rhythm of the organism.
Pb-eb-eb neuron A small field neuron of the adult central complex that
innervates only the protocerebral bridge and two sectors
of the ellipsoid body.
Pb-eb-no neuron A small field neuron of the adult central complex that
innervates only the protocerebral bridge, the ellipsoid
body and the ipsilateral nodulus.
CCI (pb-eb-no1)
Pb-fb-eb neuron A small field neuron of the adult central complex that
innervates only the protocerebral bridge, the ellipsoid
body and the fan-shaped body.
Pb-fb-fb neuron A small field neuron of the adult central complex that
innervates only the protocerebral bridge and either two
adjacent segments of one layer of the fan-shaped body or
adjacent layers of a single segment.
Pb-no neuron A small field neuron of the adult central complex that
innervates only the protocerebral bridge and the noduli.
CCI (pb-no1)
Pdf neuron Neuron that expresses Pigment-dispersing factor, Pdf
(FBgn0023178).
pigment-dispersing
hormone-
immunoreactive
neuron
Pdf neuron close to
calyx
.
Pdf neuron close to
tritocerebrum
Neuron located anteroventrally to the tritocerebrum that
expresses Pdf (FBgn0023178) strongly until 24hrs after
eclosion, after which Pdf immunoreactivity in the soma
disappears. Within 2-4 days post-eclosion, Pdf
immunoreactivity is also lost from the arborizations.
Pdf neuron of Pdf positive neuron whose soma is located in the cortex
abdominal
neuromere
of the fused adult abdominal ganglia. There are 4-6 of
these, all of which project posteriorly, fasciculating with
the abdominal nerve trunk.
Peptidergic neuron Any neuron (FBbt_00005106) that releases as a
neurotransmitter, some peptide (CHEBI:16670).
Peripherally
synapsing
interneuron
.
Photoreceptor cell
(FBbt Term)
Photoreceptor cell
of Bolwig organ
Photoreceptor cell that is part of a Bolwig's organ. Unlike
the photoreceptors of the adult eye, eyelet and ocellus,
these photoreceptors do not contain rhabdomeres, but
instead have apical surfaces which are folded into
numerous microtubule containing lamellae.
photoreceptor cell
of Bolwigs organ
Pioneer neuron
Posteriolateral
neurosecretory cell
Posterior fascicle
sensory neuron
Any sensory neuron (FBbt_00005124) that fasciculates
with some segmental nerve (FBbt_00002037).
PreBotzinger
complex neuron
PreBotzinger
complex
Projection neuron
(FBbt Term)
An interneuron that projects from some primary sensory
neuropil (e.g. the antennal lobe) to a higher brain neuropil.
Prothoracic gland
innervating neuron
Any neuron (FBbt_00005106) that has synaptic terminals
in some prothoracic gland (FBbt_00001724).
Prothoracic ventral
neurosecretory
neuron
.
Protocerebral
bridge lateral
neuron PBl
Large field neuron of the central complex that is intrinsic
to the protocerebral bridge. Its fiber enters the
protocerebral bridge laterally and arborizes in all 16
glomeruli. The soma of these neurons are located in the
posterior cortex, medial and ventral to the Kenyon cell
soma.
Pupal DN period
neuron
A Per (FBgn0003068) expressing neuron that is located
in a dorsoanterior cluster in the pupal brain.
Pupal DN1 period
neuron
Pupal DN2 period
Pupal DN2 period
neuron
Pupal DN3 period
neuron
Pupal LN period
neuron
Laterally located period (FBgn0003068) expressing
neuron of the pupal brain.
Pupal Pdf negative
s-LNv neuron
Pupal s-LNv neuron that does not express Pdf
(FBgn0023178) (Kaneko et al., 1997). There is only one
of these per ventral cluster of LN period neurons.
Pupal Pdf neuron Pdf expressing neuron that is part of the pupa.
Pupal Pdf neuron
close to calyx
Neuron of the pupa that is located dorsoanterior to the
calyx of the mushroom body and that expresses Pdf
(FBgn0023178).
Pupal Pdf neuron
close to
tritocerebrum
Pupal Pdf expressing neuron whose soma is located in a
cluster antero-ventral the tritocerebrum. There are 2-4 of
these per cluster.
Pupal antennal
lobes tachykinin
neuron
Pupal neuron that expresses tachykinin (FBgn0037976),
whose cell body is located in the cortex of the antennal
lobes (Winther et al., 2003).
pupal LPP2 neuron
Pupal large
descending DN
tachykinin neuron
whose cell body is located in the lateral protocerebrum
and that innervates the ventral nerve cord (Winther et al.,
2003).
pupal tachykinin
DN neuron
Pupal pacemaker
neuron
Pacemaker neuron that is part of the pupa.
Pupal protocerebral
LPP2 tachykinin
neuron
whose cell body is located in the lateral posterior
protocerebrum and that innervates the superior median
protocerebrum and fan-shaped body (Winther et al.,
2003).
pupal LPP2 neuron
Pupal s-LNv
neuron
Larval neuron of the period-expressing LNv cluster, with
a small cell body and generally located more dorsally than
the l-LNv neurons. There are 5 cells present in each
cluster, all except one of which express Pdf
(FBgn0023178).
Pupal tachykinin
neuron of the
central nervous
system
Pupal neuron that expresses tachykinin (FBgn0037976)
and that is located in the central nervous system (Winther
et al., 2003).
Retina B ganglion
cell
Sixty to eight neurons with small somata (12 to 24
micrometers in diameter), small dendritic fields (99 to 289
B
cell micrometers in diameter), small dendritic fields (99 to 289
micrometers in diameter), and small axonal diameters (04.
to 07. micrometers in diameter) make up Group RGB.We
classified cells with a large soma and a large dendritic field
as RGA, cells with a small to to medium to sized soma
and a small to to medium to sized dendritic field as RGB,
and cells with a small to to medium to sized soma but a
medium to to to large dendritic field RGC.
B
Retina C ganglion
cell
Group RGC cells are defined as having small to to to
medium cell bodies and medium to to to large dendritic
fields. Their morphology was more heterogeneous than
that of Groups RGA and RGB. We classified cells with a
large soma and a large dendritic field as RGA, cells with a
small to to medium to sized soma and a small to to
medium to sized dendritic field as RGB, and cells with a
small to to medium to sized soma but a medium to to to
large dendritic field RGC.
C
Retina Giant-
Melanopsin
Ganglion Cell
Recently discovered primate ganglion cell that expresses
Melanopsin. Intrinsically photo-sensitive. Morphologically
has dendritic arborization that is much wider than the
Parasols. Thought to be involved in Pupillary responses.
Retina Ganglion
Cell Giant-
Melanopsin
Retina Off-Midget
Ganglion Cell
Physiologically classified as the main ganglion cells with
small receptive fields driven by center-off input. Matched
with morphologically defined cell of extremely small
dendritic arborization. As a population forms both a
physical mosaic within retina as well as a receptive field
mosaic of stimulus space. Both receptive field size and
dendritic arborization are distinct from the corresponding
On-Midget.
P Cell
Retina Ganglion
Cell Off-Midget
Retina Off-Upsilon
Ganglion Cell
Physiologically defined Primate Ganglion Cell.
Characterized by large receptive fields, highly non-linear
spatial summation and highly transient OFF response to
diffuse light. No known Morphological counterpart.
Retina Ganglion
Cell Off-Upsilon
Retina ganglion
cell layer
Retina On-Midget
Ganglion Cell
Physiologically classified as the main ganglion cells with
small receptive fields driven by center-On input. Matched
with morphologically defined cell of extremely small
dendritic arborization. As a population forms both a
physical mosaic within retina as well as a receptive field
mosaic of stimulus space. Both receptive field size and
dendritic arborization are distinct from the corresponding
Off-Midget
Glutamate P-Cell
Retina Ganglion
Cell On-Midget
Retina ganglion
cell layer
Category:Spherical
Off-Midget
Retina On/Off-
Parasol Ganglion
Cell
Along with the On/Off-Midget cells, the Parasols form the
majority of the Retina Ganglion Cells. Receptive fields and
dendritic arborization are both larger than the Midget
Cells. Highly sensitive to contrast. The On and Off Cells
have slightly different receptive field size as well as a
difference in Dendrite location.
M-Cells
Retina Ganglion
Cell On/Off-
Parasol
Retina Retina
narrow-field AII
amacrine cell
This subtype of amacrine (no axon) cell "sends a thick
stalk to the ON level of the inner plexiform layer where it
arborizes richly to collect chemical synapses from rod
bipolar terminals" (Sterling and Demb, Syn Org of the
Brain, p. 223). It also has numerous gap junctions with
cone ON bipolar cell terminals.
Retinal inner
nuclear layer
Category:Oval
Retina amacrine cell Cell in the inner plexiform layer of the retina, consisting of
multiple dendrites and no axon. It makes synaptic
connections with bipolar cell terminals and ganglion cell
dendrites, as well as other amacrine cell dendrites.
Amacrine II cells have gap junctions with bipolar terminals
and other amacrine cells, which are switched on for night
time vision.
GABA
Glycine
Dopamine
Amacrine Neuron
type II
Type II Amacrine
cell
Retina inner
plexiform layer
Category:Multipolar
Retina bipolar cell Small cell in the retina with one peripheral process
connecting to terminals of photoreceptors and horizontal
cells and the other process connecting to dendrites of
ganglion cells and amacrine cells. It provides the straight-
through pathway for visual responses from
photoreceptors to ganglion cells. Several varieties are
related to specific processing pathways. O
Glutamate Retinal Bipolar
Neuron
retinal bipolar cell
Retina inner
nuclear layer
Category:Spherical
Retina bipolar cell
off
Off cell
Retina bipolar cell
on
On cell
Retina bistratified
amacrine cell
Collator note: bistratified amacrine cells are not explicitly
defined by Perry and Walker. Perry and Walker describe
three types of bistratified amacrine cells, having thef
dendrites or spines distributed in two strata as the
common character.
bistratified amacrine
cell
Retina displaced
amacrine cell
Displaced amacrine
cell
displaced
Retina ganglion cell The main principal neuron of the retina, whose axon
projects to several sites in the brain: lateral geniculate
nucleus on the pathway to visual cortex, superior
colliculus and suprachiasmatic nucleus. It receives input
from bipolar cells, and has synaptic inputs
Glutamate Retinal Ganglion
Neuron
Retinal ganglion cell
Retina
Retina ganglion
cell layer
Category:Spherical
B1
Twenty to six neurons were defined as RGB1 cells (Fig.
8A, Table1). One of their characteristic features is the fact
that the cell body always lies outside within the confines of
the dendritic tree. They have the highest eccentricity of
body relative to dendritic field of all ganglion cell
identified. The majority of RGB1 cells analysed stratify
diffusely within the IPL; nevertheless, their dendritic trees
are centred in either the on to or the off to sublaminae of
the IPL (Table 1). RGB1 cells were found across the
retina. 1 cells had curvy but generally radially branching
dendrites (Fig. 5A). They ramified in the outer IPL close
to the middle.
retinal ganglion cell
B1
Retina
Ganglion cell layer
B2
Fourteen neurons were defined as RGB2 cells (Figs. 2D,
8B). These cells are easy to distinguish by the very dense
nature of their small dendritic trees. This high density is
due to frequent, irregular branching of fine dendrites,
which curve, twist, and overlap extensively (Fig. 2D).
Their cell body is generaly located well within the confines
of the dendritic tree. RGB2 cells were found across the
retina (Fig. 9). RGB2 cells had a very small but very
dense dendritic field (Fig. 5B), featuring numerous tiny
branches bearing spines. They ramified almost in the
middle of the IPL.
B2
Retina
Ganglion cell layer
B3
Twenty to four cells were defined as RGB3 cells (Fig.
8C). The shape and branching patterns of their dendritic
trees resemble those of RGA2 cells, although dendritic
fields are much smaller. The somata are centrally located
within the dendritic field. RGB3 cells show a greater range
in dendritic field sizes than other RGB subgroups (Fig. 9),
which suggests further heteronegeitiy. RGB3 cells had
curvy, recursive dendrites, forming a relatively sparse
dendritic field (Fig. 5C).
B3
Retina
Ganglion cell layer
C others
The Group RGc cells, as mentioned above, are a
heterogeneous population: we labelled several neurons
that could not be classified as RGC1 or RGC2. Includes
previously described exmples of Type III or Class III
cells (Perry, 1979, Dreher et al., 1985), with their small
C others
Retina
Ganglion cell layer
cells (Perry, 1979, Dreher et al., 1985), with their small
somata and, in some cases, very large dendritic fields.
C1
Five RGc1 cells were labelled that have small somata and
large asymmetrical dendritic fields (Figs. 10A, 12).
Although only a small number of them were labelled, they
resemble the medial terminal nucleus (MTN) to projecting
cells described by Dann and Buhl (1987). Compared with
neurons in Group RGA, RGC1 cells have smaller cell
bodies, a higher density of dendritic branching, and usually
asymmetrical dendritic fields. The RGC1 cells exhibited
smooth, small caliber, recursive dendrites extending from
large primary ones. Dendritic field was of medium density
(Fig. 6A). The RGC1 stratified mostly in the inner IPL.
Their morphology is very similar to the MTN to projecting
cells characterized by Dann and Buhl (1987).
C1
Retina
Ganglion cell layer
Retina horizontal
cell
Cell in the external nuclear layer whose processes receive
connections from the photoreceptors and make
connections with photoreceptors and bipolar terminals in
the external plexiform layer. In the cat, one type of
horizontal cell has only dendrites; another type has a
dendritic arborization and a long axon and large axonal
arborization, each of which has independent inputs and
outputs.
GABA horizontal cell
(retina)
Retina external
plexiform layer
Category:Multipolar
Retina
interplexiform cell
Interplexiform
amacrine cell
Retina medium
complex ganglion
cell
Medium complex
ganglion cell
medium complex
Retina
Retina medium
simple ganglion cell
Medium simple
ganglion cell
medium simple
Retina
Retina midget
bipolar cell
Small cell with short bipolar processes that transmit from
cone photoreceptors to midget ganglion cells.
Glutamate Midget cell
Retina bipolar cell
midget
Retina inner
nuclear layer
Category:Spherical
Retina narrow-field
cell
The third type of cell in the wide to field unistratified class
of amacrine cell has a distinct dendritic pattern. The mean
soma size, 11.4 micrometers, is larger than the other two
types range (10.0 to 13.0 micrometers; N = 10). Usually
narrow-field
cell
Retina
Inner nuclear layer
types range (10.0 to 13.0 micrometers; N = 10). Usually
three but sometimes two large dendrites arise from the cell
in the same layer as the soma. After a short distance a
very fine branch comes off each of the larger branches,
again in the same plane as the cell soma.
Retina parasol
bipolar cell
Parasol cell
Retina bipolar cell
parasol
Retina
photoreceptor L
cone cell
Photoreceptor with peak spectral sensitivity at 570
nanometers, i.e. relatively long wavelengths ("L")
mediating blue color, compared with green (M for
medium) and blue (S for short) cones.
Glutamate Retina
photoreceptor cone
L
Retina outer
nuclear layer
Category:Spherical
Retina
photoreceptor M
cone cell
nanometers, i.e. relatively medium wavelengths ("M")
mediating green color, compared with blue (S for short)
and red (L for long) cones.
Glutamate M-cone cell
Retina
photoreceptor cone
M
Retina outer
nuclear layer
Category:Spherical
Retina
photoreceptor S
cone cell
nanometers, i.e. relatively short wavelengths ("S")
mediating blue color, compared with green (M for
medium) and L (for red) cones.
Glutamate Retina
photoreceptor cone
S
Retina
photoreceptor
layer
Category:Spherical Retina photoreceptor
cone S rhodopsin
Retina
photoreceptor cone
cell
One of the two photoreceptor cell types in the vertebrate
retina. In cones the photopigment is in invaginations of the
cell membrane of the outer segment. Cones are less
sensitive to light than rods, but they provide vision with
higher spatial and temporal acuity, and the combination of
signals from cones with different pigments allows color
vision. (MSH)
Glutamate Cone cell
cone
retinal cone
Retina outer
nuclear layer
Category:Spherical
Retina
photoreceptor rod
cell
One of the two photoreceptor cell types of the vertebrate
retina. Primarily used in night vision. Rods significantly
outnumber cones. The photopigment is in stacks of
membranous disks separate from the outer cell
membrane. Rods are more sensitive to light than cones,
Glutamate rod cell
rod
retinal rod
photoreceptor
Retina outer
nuclear layer
Category:Spherical
but rod mediated vision has less spatial and temporal
resolution than cone vision.
Retina small
complex ganglion
cell
Small complex
ganglion cell
small complex
Retina
Retina small simple
ganglion cell
Small simple
ganglion cell
small simple
Retina
Retina starburst
amacrine cell
Starburst amacrine
cell
starburst
Retina stratified
amacrine cell
Stratified amacrine cells have their dendrites confined to
one or several places within the inner plexiform layer.
Retina stratified
diffuse amacrine cell
Stratified diffuse amacrine cells have their dendrites lying
in more than one plane but not extending the full of the
inner plexiform layer. In the rat retina the arrangement of
the dendirtes is visualized more readily in vertical sections
than in whole mounts, and the dendritic filed is found to
terminate in either the inner or the outer half of the inner
plexiform layer, although the latter is more common. The
cells have a mean soma size of 8.9 micrometers (range
7.5 to 10.5 micrometers; N = 15). Usually a single
process leaves the cell soma and passes into the inner
plexiform layer before a tight field of short branches is
formed (see figure 8, plate 2, and figure 17); the mean
dendritic size is 30 micrometers (range 20 to 46
micrometers; N = 15).
stratified diffuse
amacrine cell
Retina
Inner nuclear layer
Retina thick
dendrite horizontal
cell
One of two types of horizontal cell, it has thick dendrites
and apparently no axon. It connects to other horizontal
cells and to cone terminals. These cells are extensively
interconnected by gap junctions (electrical synapses) as
well as to cone terminals. They have wide receptive fields.
Not known H cell Retina outer
nuclear layer
Category:Multipolar
Retina thin dendrite
horizontal cell
One of two types of horizontal cell, with thin dendrites
and a long very thin axon ending in a profuse arborization.
There is classical evidence that the dendrite connects to
cones and axon arborization connects to rods, and that
the axon does not support an action potential but serves
to separate the two arborizations. However, this issue is
Retinal inner
nuclear layer
Category:Multipolar
to separate the two arborizations. However, this issue is
under investigation. This cell type has a narrow receptive
field and connects weakly to other horizontal cells.
Retina type 2 cone
bipolar cell
Type 2 and type 3 CBs have similar (with type 1 CB)
dendritic tree shapes but show diffuse stratification at
different levels of the outer half of the IPL, that is in strata
1 to 2 and 2, respectively. ... the axon terminal system of
type 2 looks a bit disordered.
type 2 cone bipolar
cell
Retina inner
nuclear layer
Retina type 3 cone
bipolar cell
Type 2 and type 3 CBs have similar (with type 1 CB)
dendritic tree shapes but show diffuse stratification at
different levels of the outer half of the IPL, that is in strata
1 to 2 and 2, respectively. ...the axon terminal of type 3
shows a and quot;well to arranged and quot; treelike
branching pattern.
type 3 cone bipolar
cell
Retina inner
nuclear layer
Retina type 4 cone
bipolar cell
Type 4 (n = 4, Fig. 1E) is a diffuse CB stratifying in both
strata 1 and 2.
type 4 cone bipolar
cell
Retina
Inner nuclear layer
Retina type 5 cone
bipolar cell
Type 5 and type 6, both have a very narrow ramification.
By using Normaski optics, the two cell types can be
distinguished by their stratification level within the IPL
relative to a band of higher optical density, which is
localized at the border of strata 3 and 4 and represents
the inner cholinergic band.
type 5 cone bipolar
cell
Retina
Inner nuclear layer
Retina type 6 cone
bipolar cell
Type 5 and type 6, both have a very narrow ramification.
By using Normaski optics, the two cell types can be
distinguished by their stratification level within the IPL
relative to a band of higher optical density, which is
localized at the border of strata 3 and 4 and represents
the inner cholinergic band.
type 6 cone bipolar
cell
Retina
Inner nuclear layer
Retina type 7 cone
bipolar cell
Type 7 and type 8 are diffuse CBs with their axonal
terminal systems in the inner part of the IPL. Type 7
stratifies in strata 3 and 4....Both cell types (type 7 and
type 8) have slender cell bodies.
type 7 cone bipolar
cell
Retina
Inner nuclear layer
Retina wide field
diffuse amacrine cell
This cell type has a mean soma size of 10 micrometers
(range 8.3 to 13.5 micrometers; N = 14). The extent of
its dendritic field is difficult to define precisely; there is a
core of short branches that extend vertically through the
inner plexiform layer, and this core is surrounded by a
number of branches that take an oblique course through
the inner plexiform layer before terminating at variable
distance from the cell soma at the level of ganglion cells.
The dendrites of these cells have a characteristic varicose
Retina inner
nuclear layer
The dendrites of these cells have a characteristic varicose
appearance and the ends of the dendrites often terminate
with one of these swellings.
Retina wide-field
cell
These wide to field bistratified cells have a process that
leaves the soma and passes almost vertically through the
inner plexiform layer before branching near the ganglion
cell layer, but in addition they also have processes that run
laterally at the level of the inner nuclear layer.
wide-field
cell
Retina
Inner nuclear layer
Rh5 photoreceptor
of Bolwig organ
Rh5-expressing
photoreceptor of
Bolwigs organ
Rh6 photoreceptor
of Bolwig organ
Rh6 photoreceptor
of Bolwigs organ
Rhabdomeric
photoreceptor cell
Ring neuron A large field neuron that forms ring-shaped arborizations
in the ellipsoid body that circle the ellipsoid body canal.
These arborizations may form complete or partial rings.
S cell Gustatory receptor neuron responsive to sugars (Montell,
2009), and also amino acids (Dunipace, et al., 2001).
S-LNv neuron Neuron of the period-expressing LNv cluster, with a small
cell body and generally located more dorsally than the l-
LNv neurons (Helfrich-Forster, 1998). There are 5 cells
present in each cluster, all except one of which express
Pdf (FBgn0023178).
s-LNv
SOG ventral
unpaired median
neuron
Octopaminergic neuron (Sinakevitch and Strausfeld,
2006) whose cell body is located in a cluster around the
ventral midline of the subesophageal ganglion (Tanaka et
al., 2008).
SOG VUM neuron
SP1 neuron Bilaterally paired neuron of the embryo / larva. Each(?)
abdominal segment contains a pair of SP1 neurons with
an axon that crosses the ventral midline as part of the
anterior commissure, wraps around the cell body of its
contralateral partner and then extends anteriorly as part of
the longitudinal connective. During development, these
axons pioneer the anterior commissure and longitudinal
connectives.
SP3 neuron Larval neuro-secretory neuron whose cell body is located
in the superior medial protocerebrum. There is one cell
per brain hemisphere (McCormick and Nichols, 1993)
and its axon innervates the corpus cardiacum (Wegener et
al., 2011).
al., 2011).
Scolopidial neuron Sensory neuron of chordotonal organ. The tip of its
dendrite is associated with a rod-like structure called a
scolopale.
Segmental nerve
pioneer neuron
Neuron that, along with one or two other neurons,
pioneers the segmental nerve. The cell bodies of this
cluster of 2-3 neurons are located posterior and slightly
more lateral than the aCC and pCC neurons.
SN-pioneer
Sensory neuron
(FBbt Term)
detection of stimulus involved in sensory perception
(GO:0050906).
Sensory neuron of
trichoid sensillum
Any neuron (FBbt_00005106) that is part of some
sensillum trichodeum (FBbt_00005184).
Serotonergic neuron
(FBbt Term)
neurotransmitter, some serotonin (CHEBI:28790).
serotonin neuron
Serotonergic-
abdominal giant
neuron
Serotonergic neuron of the dorso-posterior tip of the
thoracico-abdominal ganglion with a large cell body. It
fasciculates posteriorly with the abdominal nerve trunk
and it branches to innervate the testicular ducts, the
seminal vesicle, the accessory glands and the anterior
ejaculatory duct (Lee et al., 2001). The cell bodies of
these neurons are arranged as a cluster of 8 cells at the
dorsal tip of the thoracico-abdominal ganglion (Lee and
Hall, 2001).
s-Abg
Small adult Pdf
neuron of
abdominal segment
Larval Pdf neuron of the abdominal neuromere with a
smaller cell body than the larger Pdf neurons that are
located more ventral and anteriorly (Helfrich-Forster,
1997).
Small field neuron An interneuron whose arborization fields are small.
Small field neuron
of the central
complex
A small field neuron that innervates the central complex.
The majority of small field neurons of the central complex
are intrinsic to it, and they typically connect one central
complex domain to another. Some also connect
subdomains within a single central complex domain.
columnar neuron of
central complex
Solitary tract
nucleus HSD2
neuron
A subgroup of neurons in NTS that express
glucocorticoid to inactivating enzyme 11 to beta to
hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 2 (HSD2), a
signature of aldosterone to sensitive tissues. Similar
neurons are found in other brain regions. The NTS
population may represent a unique phenotype.
HSD2 neuron
HSD2 cell
Solitary nucleus Hydroxysteroid
dehydrogenase type 2
Solitary tract
nucleus intrinsic cell
Nucleus of the
solitary tract
Solitary nucleus
Solitary tract
nucleus principal
cell
projects Glutamate Solitary nucleus
Central
subnucleus
Category:Multipolar
Somatogastric
ganglion neuron
Sound activated
Johnston organ
neuron
Johnston's organ neuron (JON) activated by near-field
sound ranging from 19 Hz to 952 Hz, maximally at 90dB
(Kamikouchi et al., 2009, Yorozu et al., 2009). Cells
preferentially activated by low-frequency vibration are
loosely distributed as a ring in the middle layer of JON
cell bodies. Higher frequencies preferentially activate JON
neurons with cell bodies likely located mainly in the inner
layer, directly surrounding the antennal nerve (Kamikouchi
et al., 2006). These neurons are also transiently activated
by the onset and offset of arista displacement.
sound activated
Johnstons organ
neuron
SpA neuron
SpB neuron
SpC neuron
SpD neuron
Spinal cord border
cell
Neuron in the ventral horn of lower thoracic/upper lumbar
levels in rat, cat and monkey, regarded as the origin of the
ventral spinocerebellar tract
Spinal border cell
spinal border
neuron
Thoracic spinal
cord ventral horn
Lumbar spinal
cord ventral horn
Spinal cord dorsal
horn layer III-V
interneuron
Spinal cord dorsal
horn
Spinal cord dorsal
horn layer III-V
projection neuron
Spinal cord dorsal
horn
Spinal cord dorsal
horn marginal
neuron
Spinal cord dorsal
horn
Spinal cord dorsal
horn substantia
gelatinosa islet
neuron
Neuron found in substantia gelatinosa of spinal cord.
Perikarya were found throughout layer II. Most of their
dendrites traveled rostrocaudally. Their dendritic arbors
were shaped like cylinders with their long axes parallel to
the long axis of the spinal cord. Islet cell axons arborized
islet cell
Spinal cord
substantia
gelatinosa islet cell
Substantia
gelatinosa
the long axis of the spinal cord. Islet cell axons arborized
in the immediate vicinity of their dendritic territories, within
layer II.
Islet cells had one or more dendrites that demonstrated a
characteristic branching pattern in which the dendrite
bifurcated with one daughter branch continuing in the
same direction as its parent while the other daughter
branch curved back towards the perikarya.
Islet cells in deep lamina II (lamina IIb) did not respond to
noxious stiumuli whereas those in lamina IIa (outer lamina
II) specifically responded to noxious stimuli.
Spinal cord dorsal
horn substantia
gelatinosa vertical
neuron
Neuron found in the substantia gelatinosa (Rexed lamina
II) of spinal cord, with perikarya situated along the
superficial border of layer II. Most of their dendrites
traveled ventrally while spreading out rostrocaudally,
giving their dendritic arbors a fan-like shape. Stalked cell
axons arborized largely in layer I. Cell soma size ranged
from 16 to 22 pm
stalked cell
Spinal cord
substantia
gelatinosa stalked
cell
Substantia
gelatinosa
Spinal cord
intermediate horn
motor neuron
sympathetic
Acetylcholine Sympathetic motor
neuron
preganglionic
sympathetic neuron
Spinal cord
Spinal cord motor
neuron
parasympathetic
Spinal cord parasympathetic motor neuron located in the
sacral spinal cord
Acetylcholine Sacral spinal cord
Spinal cord
proprioception
intersegmental cell
Spinal cord
Spinal cord ventral
horn interneuron
FRA
FFA interneuron
Flexor reflex
afferent interneuron
Spinal cord
ventral horn
Spinal cord ventral
horn interneuron IA
Spinal Ia
interneuron
Spinal interneuron
IA
Spinal cord
ventral horn
Spinal cord ventral
horn interneuron IB
IB Interneuron Spinal cord
ventral horn
Spinal cord ventral
horn interneuron II
Spinal cord
ventral horn
horn interneuron II ventral horn
Spinal cord ventral
horn interneuron
Renshaw
Glycine Renshaw cell
Renshaw
interneuron
Spinal cord
ventral horn
Spinal cord ventral
horn interneuron V0
V0 interneuron Spinal cord
Spinal cord ventral
horn interneuron
V0C
Spinal cord ventral horn V0 interneuron that expresses
Pitx2 and use acetylcholine as a neurotransmitter
Acetylcholine V0c interneuron
spinal cord V0c
interneuron
Spinal cord Pitx2
Choline
Acetyltransferase
Vesicular acetylcholine
transporter
Spinal cord ventral
horn interneuron
V0G
Spinal cord ventral horn V0 interneuron that expresses
Pitx2 and vGlut2
Glutamate V0G interneuron
spinal cord V0G
interneuron
Spinal cord Vesicular glutamate
transporter 2
Spinal cord ventral
horn interneuron V1
Spinal cord ventral
horn interneuron V2
Spinal cord ventral horn interneuron derived from an
Lhx3+ progenitor cell
ventral horn
Spinal cord ventral
horn interneuron
V2a
V2 spinal cord ventral horn interneuron characterized by
Chx10+
Glutamate V2a neuron
V2a interneuron
Chx10
Spinal cord ventral
horn interneuron
V2b
Type of V2 spinal cord ventral horn interneuron
chacterized by GATA2/3
Spinal cord
ventral horn
GATA2
GATA3
Spinal cord ventral
horn interneuron V3
Spinal cord ventral horn interneuron derived from the
Nkx2.2 p3 progenitor cell domain (Stepian and Arber,
Neuron 60:1, 2008)
Glutamate V3 interneuron Spinal cord
ventral horn
Sim1
Spinal cord ventral
horn motor neuron
alpha
Large lower motor neuron of the brainstem and spinal
cord. They innervate extrafusal muscle fibers of skeletal
muscle and are directly responsible for initiating their
contraction. Alpha motor neurons are distinct from
gamma motor neurons, which innervate intrafusal muscle
fibers of muscle spindles.
Acetylcholine
Glutamate
alpha motoneuron
lower motor neuron
alpha motor neuron
Spinal cord
ventral horn
Category:Multipolar
Spinal cord ventral
horn motor neuron
beta
Acetylcholine Beta motor neuron Spinal cord
ventral horn
Spinal cord ventral
horn motor neuron
gamma
Motor neurons which activate the contractile regions of
intrafusal muscle fibers, thus adjusting the sensitivity of the
muscle spindles to stretch. Gamma motor neurons may be
"static" or "dynamic" according to which aspect of
responsiveness (or which fiber types) they regulate. The
Acetylcholine fusimotor neuron
Gamma motor
neuron
Spinal cord
ventral horn
Category:Multipolar
responsiveness (or which fiber types) they regulate. The
alpha and gamma motor neurons are often activated
together (alpha gamma coactivation) which allows the
spindles to contribute to the control of movement
trajectories despite changes in muscle length (MSH).
Spinocerebellar
tract cell
Dorsal
spinocerebellar
tract cell
Spinocerebellar
tract
Stomatogastric
ganglion anterior
burster neuron
Identified individual neuron. Only non-efferent neuron of
the pyloric central pattern generator circuit. Has
endogenous bursting properties and is part of the pyloric
pacemaker kernel. Graded inhibitory synapses onto
pyloric and gastric mill circuit neurons within the
stomatogastric ganglion, ascending axons to anterior
ganglia.
Glutamate Stomatogastric
ganglion
Category:Spherical
Stomatogastric
ganglion lateral
gastric neuron
Stomatogastric
ganglion lateral
pyloric neuron
Subiculum
pyramidal cell
Pyramidal neuron whose cell body is located in the
subiculum
Glutamate Subiculum
pyramidal neuron
Subiculum Category:Pyramidal
Substantia nigra Principal neuron of the substantia nigra pars compacta Dopamine substantia nigra Substantia nigra Tyrosine Hydroxylase
Substantia nigra
pars compacta
dopaminergic cell
Principal neuron of the substantia nigra pars compacta Dopamine substantia nigra
dopaminergic cell
Nigral
dopaminergic cell
Substantia nigra
pars compacta
Tyrosine Hydroxylase
Substantia nigra
pars reticulata
interneuron GABA
GABA substantia nigra
pars reticulata
GABA interneuron
Substantia nigra
pars reticulata
GABA neuron
Pars reticulata
Gaba interneuron
Substantia nigra
pars reticulata
Substantia nigra
pars reticulata
principal cell
GABA Substantia nigra
pars reticulata
principal neuron
Substantia nigra
pars reticulata
Subthalamic nucleus
principal cell
Subthalamic
nucleus
Superior colliculus
stellate cell of the
zone of optic fibers
Collator note: this cell type is not explicitly defined, but is
considered here as distinct, based on the definition of the
stellate cells class (category) and Table 1 page 407.
zone of optic fibers
Superior colliculus
zone of vertical cells
Collator note: this cell type is not explicitly defined, but is
considered here as distinct, based on the definition of the
stellate cells class (category) and Table 1 page 407.
zone of vertical
cells
Superior colliculus
type II ganglion cell
The Type II ganglion cells, like the piriform cells, have all
or almost all of their dendritic field superficial to the cell
body. The 15 to 25 micrometers cell body lies within a
narrow range of depths at the deep margin of the zone of
vertical cells from which it may send 3 to 7 primary
dendrites vertically or obliquely towards the surface to
form a dendritic field in excess of 400 micrometers in
diameter and about 500 micrometers deep. The primary
dendrites may derive from any portion of the cell body
surface, but they usually arise from the dorsal or lateral
surfaces. The dendrites of Type II ganglion cells
intermingle, giving them a dense arbor of dendrites that
extend over large regions of the superior colliculus. The
axon may originate from the cell body or a low order
dendrite. It may project into the region superficial to the
cell body (figs. 9, 14) or into the deep zones (fig. 15). The
axon of the superficial projection is similar to other
intrinsic axons except for being thicker. It branches
type II ganglion cell
intrinsic axons except for being thicker. It branches
frequently to form an arbor approximately as wide as the
dendritic field, which it overlaps, but they are not
necessarily coincident, nor is one contained within the
other.
Superior colliculus
type III ganglion cell
The Type III ganglion cells resemble Type II ganglion
cells in most respects. They are multipolar with 3 4
primary dendrites, a cell body 20 to 25 micrometers in
major diameter, and a dendritic field which may be more
than 1000 micrometers in diameter. They differ in that
some of their dendrites extend below the cell body and
their cell bodies lie in the zone of optic fibers. The axon
almost invariably runs down into the deep portion of the
colliculus. Type III ganglion cells tend to have fewer, but
thicker, dendrites passing through the first two zones than
is usual for Type II ganglion cells. The dendrites are less
spiny, branch less often, but like the other types of
ganglion cells, they break up into many fine branches as
they approach the surface, particularly in the upper
portion of the zone of horizontal cells.
type III ganglion
cell
Suprachiasmatic
nucleus principal
neuron
Neuron located in the mammalian suprachiasmatic
nucleus. Has a role in the generation and/or propagation
of circadian rhythms.
Vasopressin
Vasoactive
intestinal peptide
Gastrin-releasing
peptide
GABA
Somatostatin
Enkephalin
SCN neuron Suprachiasmatic
nucleus
Category:Oval
Tachykinin neuron Neuron that expresses tachykinin (FBgn0037976). LTK-LI
Taste bud type 1
cell
Unknown Tongue
Palate
Epiglottis
Category:Other NPPDase type 2
Taste bud type 2
cell
ATP
Acetylcholine
Tongue
Palate
Epiglottis
Category:Fusiform Phospholipase C type
beta 2
Pannexin 1
IP3 receptor 3
Gustducin
Taste bud type 3
cell
Serotonin
GABA
Norepinephrine
Category:Other Glutamic acid
decarboxylase type 67
(GAD67)
SNAP25
NCAM
Tergal depressor of
trochanter muscle
motor neuron
Tergotrochanteral
muscle motor
neuron
Motor neuron that innervates the tergotrochanteral muscle
and is electrically synapsed to the giant fiber neuron. It
functions in jump response escape behavior.
TTMn
Terminal organ
neuron of dorsal
organ ganglion
Neuron whose dendrite innervates the terminal organ but
whose soma is located in the dorsal organ ganglion rather
than the terminal organ ganglion. The axons of these
neurons project via the antennal nerve into area 4 of the
subesophageal ganglion. There are 3 of these neurons per
terminal organ.
TODO neuron
Thalamus geniculate
nucleus (lateral)
interneuron
GABA Small interneuron
thalamic
small thalamic
interneuron
Thalamus
Thalamus geniculate
nucleus (lateral)
principal neuron
Glutamate Relay cell
Thalamic relay
neuron
Thalamus relay
neuron
Thalamocortical cell
Thalamocortical
neuron
Thalamus relay cell
Thalamus Category:Spherical
Thalamus geniculate Thalamus
Thalamus geniculate
nucleus (medial)
interneuron
Thalamus
Thalamus geniculate
nucleus (medial)
principal neuron
Principle neuron in ventral division of medial geniculate
nucleu characterized by strongly tufted dendrites, with
overall discoid dendritic fields extending dors-ventrally
and antero-posteriorly on average of 200 um. Neurons
are arranged in parallel laminae, seen in transverse or
horizontal sections of the pars lateralis.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1261345/?
page=8
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1261345/?
page=8
Ventral nucleus of
medial geniculate
body
Thalamus medial
geniculate nucleus
interneuron small
Type of small thalamic interneuron GABA medial geniculate
Golgi IIa cell
medial geniculate
small interneuron
Thalamus reticular
nucleus cell
GABA thalamic reticular
cell
Thalamic reticular
nucleus neuron
Thalamic reticular
neuron
Thalamic reticular
nucleus
Thalamus
ventroposterior
nucleus interneuron
Thalamus
Thalamus
ventroposterior
nucleus principal
neuron
Glutamate Ventral posterior
nucleus
Thermosensory
neuron
detection of temperature stimulus involved in
thermoception (GO:0050960).
Tracheal innervating
neuron
Multidendritic neuron with several dendritic branches that
innervate trachea.
Trapezoid body
intrinsic cell
Trapezoid body
intrinsic neuron
Trapezoid body
medial nucleus
principal cell
Principal cell of the medial nucleus of the trapezoid body
that receives input from the ventral cochlear nucleus at a
specialized synaptic ending termed the Calyx of held.
Glycine Principal Cells
Medial Nucleus
Trapezoid Body
Trapezoid body
Medial nucleus of
trapezoid body
Trapezoid body
medial nucleus
principal neuron
Trapezoid body
principal cell
Trapezoid body
principal neuron
Trigeminal nucleus
intrinsic cell
Trigeminal nucleus
intrinsic neuron
Trigeminal nucleus
Trigeminal nucleus
motor neuron
Motor neuron whose cell soma lies within the Motor
nucleus of trigeminal nerve
Acetylcholine trigeminal nucleus
motor cell
5th nerve motor
neuron
Vth nerve motor
neuron
Motor nucleus of
trigeminal nerve
Tritonia dorsal swim
interneuron
One of three serotonergic neurons on the dorsal surface
of the Tritonia cerebral ganglion. Projects an axon
contralaterally to the pedal ganglion. Fires stereotypical
bursts of action potentials during a swim motor pattern.
Serotonin Cerebral
Serotonergic
Posterior Neuron
Dorsal swim
interneuron
DSI
Cerebral ganglion Category:Spherical Unknown
Trochlear nucleus
motor neuron
Motor neuron whose cell soma lies within the trochlear
nucleus.
trochlear nucleus
motor cell
4th nerve motor
neuron
IVth nerve motor
neuron
Trochlear nucleus
Tuberomammillary
nucleus large
histamine neuron
Large neuron in the tubermammillary nucleus that contains
histamine and projects widely to the cerebral cortex
Histamine
GABA
Tubermammillary
histaminergic
neuron
Tuberomammillary
nucleus
Tuberomammillary
nucleus medium
histamine neuron
Tuberomammillary
nucleus
Twin sensillum of
margin 1 neuron
Neuron innervating the twin sensillum of margin 1. This
neuron, which begins axonogenesis 1hr AP, pioneers the
segment of nerve L1 which joins the L3 bundle (Murray
et al., 1984).
Twin sensillum of
margin 2 neuron
Neuron innervating the twin sensillum of margin 2. This
neuron begins axonogenesis at approximately 9-10 hours
AP (Murray et al., 1984).
Type A interneuron
Type A lLN An Ipsilateral local interneuron of the adult antennal lobe
Type A lLN An Ipsilateral local interneuron of the adult antennal lobe
that is derived from the lateral antennal lobe neuroblast
and whose terminal arbors do not form glomerular
shapes.
Type B interneuron
Type B lLN A local interneuron of the adult antennal lobe that is
derived from the lateral antennal lobe neuroblast and
whose terminal arbors form glomerular shapes. Many of
these neurons are oligo-glomerular - making connections
with only subsets of glomeruli.
Type C interneuron
Type D interneuron
Type I sensory
neuron of coiled
fibers
Type II sensory
neuron of shrubby
fibers
Type III sensory
neuron of ventral
ipsilateral fibers
Type IV sensory
neuron of dorsal
ipsilateral fibers
Type V sensory
neuron of ventral
contralateral fibers
Type VI sensory
neuron of dorsal
contralateral fibers
Type VII sensory
neuron of central
fibers
Tyraminergic
neuron
neurotransmitter, some tyramine (CHEBI:15760).
U neuron Motor neuron developing from the neuroblast NB7-1
lineage. The U neurons collectively innervate the following
muscles: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 15, 16, 17,
19, and 20.
U / CQ neuron
U1 neuron Motor neuron developing from the first ganglion mother
U1 neuron Motor neuron developing from the first ganglion mother
cell that differentiates from neuroblast NB7-1.
U1sib neuron Sibling neuron to the U1 neuron developing from the first
ganglion mother cell that differentiates from neuroblast
NB7-1.
U2 neuron Motor neuron developing from the second ganglion
mother cell that differentiates from neuroblast NB7-1.
U2sib neuron Sibling neuron to the U2 neuron developing from the
second ganglion mother cell that differentiates from
neuroblast NB7-1.
U3 neuron Motor neuron developing from the third ganglion mother
U3sib neuron Sibling neuron to the U3 neuron developing from the third
NB7-1.
U4 neuron Motor neuron developing from the fourth ganglion mother
U4sib neuron Sibling neuron to the U4 neuron developing from the
fourth ganglion mother cell that differentiates from
neuroblast NB7-1.
U5 neuron Motor neuron developing from the fifth ganglion mother
U5sib neuron Sibling neuron to the U5 neuron developing from the fifth
NB7-1.
Unilateral intrinsic
neuron
An intrinsic neuron that does not cross the midline. ipsilateral local
interneuron
Usib neuron Sibling neuron to the U neuron deriving from a ganglion
mother cell. Differentiation from the ganglion mother cell
initially produces eve (FBgn0000606) positive cells.
Whereas the Usib neuron remains eve positive, the Usib
cell rapidly downregulates eve.
VesA neuron Sensory PNS neuron of embryonic / larval prothoracic
segment (Dambly-Chaudiere and Ghysen, 1986). It lies
on the anterior border, ventral to vesB.
VesB neuron Sensory PNS neuron of embryonic / larval prothoracic
segment (Dambly-Chaudiere and Ghysen, 1986). It lies
on the anterior border, dorsal to vesA.
V'es2 neuron Sensory PNS neuron of embryonic / larval abdominal
segments 1-7 (Dambly-Chaudiere and Ghysen, 1986). It
is located posterioventral to lesA.
is located posterioventral to lesA.
V'es3 neuron Sensory PNS neuron of embryonic / larval pro-, meta- or
mesothoracic segments (Dambly-Chaudiere and Ghysen,
1986). It is located dorsal to v'esB neuron.
V'esA neuron Sensory PNS neuron of embryonic / larval abdominal
segments 1-7, the pro-, meta- or mesothoracic segments
(Dambly-Chaudiere and Ghysen, 1986). In the abdominal
segments it is located dorsal to vesC, and ventral to
v'esB. In the thoracic segments 2 and 3 it is located
ventral to the cluster of vesA-E neurons, but is located
anterior to it in thoracic segment T1.
V'esB neuron Sensory PNS neuron of embryonic / larval abdominal
segments it is located anterodorsal to v'esA. In the
thoracic segments it is located ventral to v'es3.
VLN Local interneuron of the adult antennal lobe, from the
ventral AL neuroblast lineage.
Ventral brain cluster
neuron
Ventral cibarial
sense organ neuron
of distal sensillum
Neurons that innervates the distal sensillum of the ventral
cibarial sense organ. There are four of these per sensillum.
Ventral cibarial
sense organ neuron
of middle sensillum
Neuron that innervates the middle sensillum of the ventral
cibarial sense organ. There are two of these per sensillum.
Ventral cibarial
sense organ neuron
of proximal
sensillum
One of two neurons innervating the proximal sensillum of
the ventral cibarial sense organ.
Ventral
dopaminergic cell
Principal neuron of the ventral tegmental area Category:Fusiform
Ventral group vA
neuron
Peptidergic neuron located at the ventral surface of the
larval ventral nerve cord in abdominal segments A2-A4.
VA neuron
Ventral humeral
crossvein
campaniform
sensillum neuron
Neuron innervating the ventral humeral crossvein
campaniform sensillum.
Ventral midline
neuron
Ventral
multidendritic
neuron
Any multidendritic neuron (FBbt_00005209) that is part
of some embryonic / larval thoracic / abdominal ventral
sensory cluster (FBbt_00007295).
Ventral sensillum of
wing vein 3 neuron
Neuron innervating the ventral sensillum of wing vein 3.
Ventral tegmental
area dopamine
neuron
Principal neuron of the ventral tegmental area Dopamine Ventral tegmental
area DA cell
ventral tegmental
area dopaminergic
neuron
VTA dopaminergic
neuron
Ventral tegmental
area
Ventral tp motor
neuron
Vertical fiber
system neuron
Small field neuron of the central complex that arborizes in
a single glomerulus of the protocerebral bridge, layer one
or two of the fan-shaped body and the contralateral
nodulus. Fibers of two adjacent glomeruli join into
bundles that run ipsilaterally to the fan-shaped body and
enter it in the fourth layer without crossing each other.
VFS
Vertical fiber
system neuron pb1
Vertical fiber system neuron that innervates protocerebral
bridge glomerulus 1, the ipsilateral fan-shaped body
segment X and the contralateral nodulus.
Vertical fiber
system neuron pb2
Vertical fiber
system neuron pb3
Vertical fiber
system neuron pb4
Vertical fiber
system neuron pb5
Vertical fiber
system neuron pb6
Vertical fiber Vertical fiber system neuron that innervates protocerebral
system neuron pb7 bridge glomerulus 7, the ipsilateral fan-shaped body
segment W and the contralateral nodulus.
Vertical fiber
system neuron pb8
segment W and the contralateral nodulus.
Ves3 neuron
VesA neuron Sensory PNS neuron of embryonic / larval abdominal
segments it is located ventral to vesB.
VesB neuron Sensory PNS neuron of embryonic / larval abdominal
segments it is located dorsal to vesA and ventral to vesC.
VesC neuron Sensory PNS neuron of embryonic / larval abdominal
segments it is located dorsal to vesB.
VesD neuron
VesE neuron
VesM neuron
Vestibular ganglion
cell
Glutamate Vestibular ganglion
neuron
Scarpa's ganglion
cell
Vestibular
ganglion
Vestibular type 1
hair cell
A mechanoreceptor hair cell located in the acoustic
maculae and the semicircular canals that mediates the
sense of balance, movement, and head position. The
vestibular hair cells are connected to accessory structures
in such a way that movements of the head displace their
stereocilia. This influences the membrane potential of the
cells which relay information about movements via the
vestibular part of the vestibulocochlear nerve to the brain
stem.
Glutamate Vestibular hair cell Otolith organs
Semicircular canal
Category:Pear-
shaped
Calretinin
Parvalbumin
Oncomodulin
Myosin VI
Myosin VII
Myosin 1c
Vestibular type 2
hair cell
A mechanoreceptor hair cell located in the acoustic
maculae and the semicircular canals that mediates the
sense of balance, movement, and head position. The
vestibular hair cells are connected to accessory structures
in such a way that movements of the head displace their
stereocilia. This influences the membrane potential of the
Glutamate Otolith organs
Semicircular
canals
Category:Pear-
shaped
Calretinin
Parvalbumin
Oncomodulin
Myosin VI
Myosin VII
Myosin 1c
cells which relay information about movements via the
vestibular part of the vestibulocochlear nerve to the brain
stem.
W cell Gustatory receptor neuron responsive to water (Montell,
2009).
Zoidberg Neuron The "Zoidberg Neuron" is a name for a recently mapped
Starburst Amacrine Cell. The name was chosen via
EyeWire, a neural mapping 'game', to any player who
completed over 100 cubes. Prior to the competition, the
specific neuron was known as the 'n00b neuron' by
EyeWirers. However, the name was soon officially
dubbed as the 'Zoidberg Neuron' during YouTube Geek
Week. The name 'Zoidberg' is a reference to the
Futurama character, Zoidberg.
GABA
Acetylcholine
Starburst Neuron
Starburst Amacrine
Cell
n00b neuron
Zoidberg cell
Category:Spherical
Zone A Johnston
organ neuron
Johnston's organ neuron that innervates zone A of the
antennal mechanosensory and motor center (AMMC).
The cell bodies of these neurons are located mainly in the
inner layer of Johnston's organ, directly surrounding the
antennal nerve.
zone A JON
Zone B Johnston
organ neuron
Johnston's organ neuron that innervates zone B of the
The cell bodies of zone B Johnston organ neurons are
distributed as a ring in the middle layer of cells within the
Johnston's organ (Kamikouchi et al., 2006).
zone B JON
Zone C Johnston
organ neuron
Johnston's organ neuron that innervates zone C of the
The cell bodies of these neurons are co-mingled with
those of zone E Johnston organ neurons, forming a broad
ring mainly in the medial and outer layers of the Johnston's
organ.
zone C JON
Zone D Johnston
organ neuron
Johnston's organ neuron that innervates zone D of the
zone D JON
Zone E Johnston
organ neuron
Johnston's organ neuron that innervates zone E of the
The cell bodies of these neurons are co-mingled with
those of zone C Johnston organ neurons, forming a broad
ring mainly in the medial and outer layers of the Johnston's
organ.
zone E JON
Contributors
Facts about All Neurons RDF feed
Contributors
Aarnaud, Akash, Slarson, Wawong
Retrieved from "http://neurolex.org/wiki/All_Neurons"

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