SPH4U - Kinematics

Multiple Choice (1 mark each)

Identify the letter of the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.

____ 1. A football player successfully kicks a field goal through the uprights situated at the south end of the stadium.
What are the directions of the instantaneous velocity and acceleration, respectively, of the football at the peak
of its trajectory?
a. south, south d. south, up
b. up, south e. down, down
c. south, down


____ 2. Three identical objects are thrown from the same height through a window at the same time. Object A is
thrown horizontally at 4.0 m/s, object B is thrown horizontally at 8.0 m/s, and object C is simply dropped. If
air resistance is negligible, which object will reach the ground first?
a. object A
b. object B
c. object C
d. objects B and C will land first and together
e. all three will land at the same time


____ 3. To cross a river with a current in the least amount of time, a boat should point
a. directly at the opposite shore
b. somewhat upstream
c. somewhat downstream
d. in a direction that will take the boat directly across
e. in a direction that will take the boat slightly upstream


____ 4. For an object travelling with uniform circular motion, its acceleration is
a. zero because the speed is constant
b. directed tangent to the circle
c. directed toward the centre of the circle
d. changing in magnitude depending on its position in the circle
e. directed outward from the centre of the circle


____ 5. An object moves with a speed of 2.4 m/s in a circle of radius 1.6 m. Its centripetal acceleration is
a. 9.2 m/s
2
d. 1.5 m/s
2

b. 7.4 m/s
2
e. 0.94 m/s
2

c. 3.6 m/s
2



Short Answer

1. What is meant by the term terminal speed? Provide some examples to illustrate the difference in the terminal
speeds of various objects. (2 marks)

Problems (Show full solutions)

1. An object is pushed from rest across a sheet of ice, accelerating at 5.0 m/s
2
over a distance of 80.0 cm. The
object then slides with a constant speed for 4.0 s until it reaches a rough section which causes it to stop in
2.5 s.
(a) What is the speed of the object when it reaches the rough section? (3 marks)
(b) At what rate does the object slow down once it reaches the rough section? (3 marks)
(c) What total distance does the object slide throughout its entire trip? (4 marks)

2. A car leaves point A and drives at 80.0 km/h [E] for 1.50 h. It then heads north at 60.0 km/h for 1.00 h and
finally [30.0 W of N] at 100.0 km/h for 0.50 h, arriving at point B.
(a) Determine the displacement of point B from point A. (4 marks)
(b) A plane flies directly from point A to point B, leaving 2.00 h after the car has departed from point A. It
arrives at point B at the same time the car arrives. There is a wind blowing at 60.0 km/h due south for the
entire trip. What is the airplanes airspeed? (4 marks)
(c) What direction must the plane head in order to arrive at point B? (2 marks)

3. A football quarterback attempts a pass to one of the receivers. As the ball is snapped, the receiver leaves the
line of scrimmage and runs directly down field. The quarterback releases the ball 2.0 s later and from a
position 3.0 m behind the line of scrimmage. He throws the ball with a speed of 26 m/s at an elevation of 60
above the horizontal. The receiver makes a diving reception, catching the ball just as it reaches the ground.
See the diagram below.

(a) What is the time of flight of the football? (4 marks)
(b) What is the average speed of the receiver? (4 marks)

Data Analysis (5 marks)

1.
Length L (m) 0.15 0.30 0.45 0.60 0.75
Period T (s) 0.77 1.10 1.34 1.55 1.73
The above data was collected for a pendulum. The length of the pendulum was varied and the period of the
pendulum was measured at each new length. Find the equation that relates the pendulums period to its
length. Use the grid below for an appropriate graph.
























SPH4U - Kinematics
Answer Section

MULTIPLE CHOICE

1. ANS: C REF: K/U OBJ: 1.4 LOC: FM1.03

2. ANS: E REF: K/U OBJ: 1.4 LOC: FM1.03

3. ANS: A REF: K/U OBJ: 1.5 LOC: FM1.02

4. ANS: C REF: K/U OBJ: 3.1 LOC: FM1.04

5. ANS: C REF: K/U OBJ: 3.1 LOC: FM1.04

SHORT ANSWER

1. ANS:
When the effects of air resistance are recognized, it is shown that objects in free fall will accelerate only to a
point beyond which they will fall no faster. When an object has reached this terminal speed, the
gravitational force acting downward on it is just balanced by the upward force exerted by the air the object is
falling through. For people, terminal speed is about 190 km/h without a parachute and anywhere from 18
km/h to 36 km/h with a parachute. This can be compared to the terminal speed of a dust particle which is
about 0.07 km/h.

REF: C OBJ: 1.3 LOC: FM1.05

PROBLEM

1. ANS:
(a)
v
1
= 0.0 m/s
a = 5.0 m/s
2

d = 80.0 cm = 0.800 m
v
2
= ?


The speed of the object upon reaching the rough section is 2.8 m/s.

(b)
v
1
= 2.83 m/s
v
2
= 0.0 m/s
t = 2.5 s
a = ?

The objects acceleration is 1.1 m/s
2
and slowing.

(c)
During the period of acceleration:
d = 0.800 m

During the period of uniform motion:
v = 2.83 m/s
t = 4.0 s
d = vt = 2.83 m/s(4.0 s) = 11.32 m

During the period of deceleration:
v
1
= 2.83 m/s
v
2
= 0.0 m/s
t = 2.5 s

Total distance the object slides: 0.800 m + 11.32 m + 3.54 m = 16 m
The object slides a total distance of 16 m.

REF: K/U OBJ: 1.2 LOC: FM1.02

2. ANS:
(a)
The car drives the following displacements:
= 80.0 km/h [E](1.50 h) = 120 km [E]
= 60.0 km/h [N](1.00 h) = 60.0 km [N]
= 100.0 km/h [30W of N](0.50 h) = 50 km [30W of N]

Using the component method for the displacement of A to B:
north-south components: 60 km [N] + 50 km(cos 30) [N] = 103.3 km [N]
east-west components: 120 km [E] + 50 km(sin 30) [W] = 95 km [E]
Using Pythagoras Theorem, the magnitude of the displacement is 140 km
Using trigonometry, the direction is: [43 E of N]
The displacement of point B from point A is 1.4 10
2
km [43 E of N].

(b)
A vector diagram showing the relationship among the vectors is drawn:
v
PG
= velocity of plane with respect to the ground
v
PA
= velocity of plane with respect to the air
v
AG
= velocity of the air with respect to the ground

Since the car takes a total of 3.00 h to reach point B and the plane leaves 2.00 h later but arrives at the same
time, the time it takes the plane to make the flight is 1.00 h.
= 1.4 10
2
km/h [43 E of N]

Using cosine law:

The planes speed is 1.9 10
2
km/h.

(c)
Using sine law:
, = 13


The plane must head in a direction of [30E of N]. (90 13

47 )

REF: K/U OBJ: 1.5 LOC: FM1.05

3. ANS:
(a)
Time of flight: let up be () and down be (+)
v
1
= 26 m/s(sin 60) = 22.5 m/s
a = 9.8 m/s
2

d = 2.0 m
t = ?

2.0 = (22.5)t + 4.9(t)
2

Solving the quadratic: t = 4.68 s
The time of flight is 4.7 s.

(b)
Horizontal range: d = vt = 26 m/s(cos 60)(4.68 s) = 60.8 m
The receiver must run: 60.8 m 3.0 m = 57.8 m.
The time the receiver has to reach the football: 4.68 s + 2.0 s = 6.68 s.
The average speed of the receiver:
The receiver must run with an average speed of 8.7 m/s.

REF: K/U OBJ: 1.4 LOC: FM1.03

OTHER

1. ANS: