REVIEW OF IMPACT GIS-T APPLICATION TO LOGISTIC MANAGEMENT

Nurul Hidayah Mohd Kamaruddin,

Department of Infrastructure and Geomatic Engineering,
Universiti Tun Hussein nn Malaysia !UTHM"#
ABSTRACT
$ogistics management is the part of the supply chain %hich plans, implements and
controls the efficient, effective for%ard, reverse flo%, storage of goods, services and
related information &et%een the point of origin and the point of consumption in order to
meet customer and legal re'uirements# Mean%hile, Geographic Information (ystems for
Transportation !GI()T" refers to the principles and applications of applying geographic
technologies to transportation pro&lems !Millers and (ha%, *++,"# In order to provide
good services of logistic management sector, relationship of transportation analysis %ith
logistic management need to &e understand# This article provide an overvie% impact of
logistic management using GI()T application &ased on the case study at Northern (tates
and -estern .anada# The impact of the GI()T to logistic management determined as
enhance control logistic movement and traffic statistic, time management and easily
determine shortest path for vehicle routing#
Key %ords/ logistic management, GI()T,transportation
,
1.0 Introduction
.ouncil of $ogistics Management !.$M", a professional organi0ation of logistics
give the definition of logistic as/
Logistics is that part of the supply chain process that plans, implements, and
controls the efficient, effective flow and storage of goods, services, and related
information from the point of origin to the point of consumption in order to meet
customers requirements.
$ogistics is also concerned %ith the flo% of services as %ell as physical goods and
suggests that logistics is a process, meaning that it includes all the activities that have an
impact on ma1ing goods and services availa&le to customers %hen and %here they %ish
to ac'uire them#!2allou, 3#H#"# $ogistics can connected %ith geographical information
%hich can enhance &oard management level decisions a&out the location such as for
manufacturing and %arehousing to operational level decisions a&out the &est route for a
vehicle or transport !Mi1e 4orster,*+++"#
$ogistics management is the part of the supply chain %hich plans, implements
and controls the efficient, effective for%ard and reverse flo% and storage of goods,
services and related information &et%een the point of origin and the point of consumption
in order to meet customer and legal re'uirements# Good management of logistic can
affected the &usiness cycle especially involved %ith mar1eting perisha&le or non)
perisha&le products# If any &arriers or road&loc1 %hich hampers the distri&uting goods in
timely manner, the product such non)perisha&le is out of stoc1 and the customers %ill
re5ected the products# 6ll this situation can ma1e the company loss &ecause the pro&lem
of logistic management#
6s solution for this pro&lem, transportation analysis can &e conducted to improve
the freight and cargo movement# 3ecently, transportation analysis %as conducted using
GI()T application for more good, enhance and accurate results# This analysis used to
ma7imi0e e7isting roads for freight usage, analy0e cho1e points, analy0ing effectiveness
of costs and gather diversity of data for analysis re'uirements#
*
The aim of this paper is to provide an overvie% of the impact of transportation
analysis using GI()T to logistic management at Northern (tates and -estern .anada#
2.0 GIS-Trn!"orttion S#!t$%
Geographic Information (ystems for Transportation!GI()T" refers to the principles and
applications of applying geographic technologies to transportation pro&lems !Millers and
(ha%, *++,"# This mean, the data gathering process is &ecome easier and effectively
using this technology rather than conventional method of transportation analysis#
Mean%hile, refer to 6hmed El)3a&&any *++*, GI( is a computer)&ased capa&le of
ac'uiring, storing, manipulating, analy0ing and displaying spatially referenced data#
(patially referenced data is data that is identified according to its geographic location# 4or
e7ample, features such as streets, light poles and fire hydrants are lin1ed &y geography#
This data can &e o&tained from a variety of sources such as e7isting maps, satellite
imagery and G8(# 4igure , sho%ed the integration data of GI( and G8(# nce the
information is collected, a GI( stores it as a collection of layers in the GI( data&ase and
then can &e used to analy0e the information and decision can &e made efficiently# 4or
e7ample, the decision to &uild a ne% road can &e made &y studying the effect of one
feature, such as traffic volume#
4igure ,/ Integration G8(9GI( !6hmed El)3a&&any,*++*"
:
In GI()T studies, it has employed * &asic approaches %hich are o&5ect)&ased data
and field)&ased data models# 6n o&5ect)&ased data model treats geographic space as
populated &y discrete and identifia&le o&5ects# 4eatures are often represented as points,
lines and polygons# n the other hand, field)data &ased model is treats geographic space
as populated &y real)%orld features that very continuously over space# 4eatures can &e
represented as regular tessellation or irregular tessellations# The com&ination &oth model
in GI()T, it is representing the relevant geographic data#
The collection data also &ecome easier using GI()T for transportation analysis in
logistics management# The planners do not need to spend some of the time to conduct the
analysis manually &ut using the application of GI()T and com&ined %ith G8(, all the
data can &e recorded continuously %ithout conventional monitoring# 4or e7ample, the
movement of the cargo on the route can &e monitor and recorded easily using this
technology#
GI()T cover much of the &road scope of transportation and logistics such as
infrastructure planning and management, transportation safety analysis, travel demand
analysis, traffic monitoring and control, pu&lic transit planning and operations,
environment impact assessment, intelligent transportation system !IT(", routing and
scheduling, vehicle trac1ing and dispatching, fleet management, site selection and service
area analysis and supply chain management# Ho%ever, these different applications need
its specific data and analysis re'uirements#
The technology of GI()Transportation is a valua&le tool in integrating
transportation system &ased on cartographic data %ith other forms of ta&ular data in a
visual format facilities# The dynamic nature of GI()T data&ase allo%s the analyst and
transportation professional such as engineer to understand the efficiency of the system in
terms of infrastructure conditions, freight movements, overall performance and uses of
the system# The GI()T may &e used as a tool not only to produce visual representations
of data that are useful to different sectors of transportation professionals to create
customi0ed maps &y specifying their o%n parameters %ithin simplified GI()T
applications#
;
2.1 O""ortuniti$! o& GIS in 'o(i!tic!
GI( often has a geographical data and can add value in almost any area of
&usiness including logistic management# Hendric1s,,<<= suggests that a companies can
identify opportunities %ithin the five primary and four supporting activities of the value
chain# His indication sho%ed in the ta&le , as &elo%/
Ta&le ,/GI( Indication !Hendric1s,,<<="
There is a strong logistics focus including route planning, optimi0ation,
modeling, net%or1 maintenance, fleet management and delivery assessment# The
>spatiali0ation? of process or product might &e ta1en to mean the %ay in %hich demand
varies geographically# It is possi&le to divide the potential logistics opportunities
according to the level of decision)ma1ing that they support#
@
2.2 C!$ Stud# R$)i$*+ I%"ct o& Trn!"orttion An'#!i! u!in( GIS-T t
Nort,$rn Stt$! nd W$!t$rn Cnd
Transportation analysis can &e done after the GI()T data&ase is developed# The
synthesi0ed information from many 5urisdictions allo%s transportation operations to &e
analy0ed# The impact of the transportation analysis to logistic management is revie%ed
&ased on the case study in Nort,$rn Stt$! nd W$!t$rn Cnd !Marina Melchiorre,
Mohammed 6lam and 6lan .layton, ,<<="# The follo%ing are descriptions of some areas
of high%ay activity %here GI()T applications can facilitate the analysis and the impact
also discussed#
!a" .ontrol logistic movement and traffic statistic
GI()T can create a scaled)sym&ol or color)coded themes to indicate the
volumes of vehicles along the high%ay systems# 6 traffic flo% map is created
&y scaling the %idth of high%ays segments as a function of traffic volume,
measured in 6verage 6nnual Traffic !66DT"# This allo%s an overall
comparison of the utili0ation of the entire high%ay net%or1 and indentifies
routes or areas %ith a high density of traffic#
Therefore, it %ill enhance the logistic management to control the logistic
movement and avoided the congestion or high density traffic %hich can
interrupt the movement flo%s# 2ased on the data, the management can decide
the &est route to the deliver freight to customer and improving freight
movement# The cho1e points %hich severely impair the movement of cargo
and goods can &e determined#
A
4igure */
Traffic flo% on the
high%ay net%or1
serving the Northern
(tates and -estern .anada
The numerous varia&les can &e related and esta&lished &y portraying more
than one attri&ute on the net%or1# 4or e7ample, the issue such as truc1 flo%s as a
function of enforcement locations are evaluated &y sho%ing &oth scaled truc1
flo%s and locations of %eigh scale sites# Data&ase management function of GI()T
can cross)ta&ulated values %ithin the data&ase# 2esides, data&ase %ith different
identifiers can &e &rought together %ithin the same frame%or1 &y the GI()T strip
chart# The chart can sho% the multiple characteristic of a route and ho% they vary
along the length of the route# Truc1 accidents, truc1 flo%s, and pavement
conditions rating are the e7ample of interfacing three separate data&ase#
!&" Enhance Time Management
B
Time is one of the main factors in the logistic management# It can &e the
constraint that can interrupt the logistic process if not properly managed# rigin)
Distance !)D" distance matrices %as develop follo%ed &y shortest path routing
from one origin to many destinations to o&tain a matri7 %ith the high%ay
distances &et%een t%o locations# Then, travel times %ere calculated &y assuming
interstate travel at regular operating speeds# The resulting travel time contours
%ere developed from the )D travel time matrices using Digital Terrain Modeling
!DTM" tools# Timing for freight deliveries effectively managed to ensure
effectiveness cost# Time delay can increased the operation cost and promote the
poor service 'uality# 6ir freight logistic can &ecome alternative provides the
delivery %ith speed, lo%er ris1 of damage, security, fle7i&ility, accessi&ility and
good fre'uency for regular destinations, yet the disadvantage is high delivery fee
!Cung)yu Tseng, -en $ong Cue and Taylor, M#6#8# *++@"
=
4igure :/ Travel time contours in hours from .algary, 6l&erta to ma5or cities in
North 6merica
!c" Easily Determine shortest path for vehicle routing
The shortest path for vehicle routing can produce the good services in term of
deliveries# 6n application %as developed %hich automates the shortest path of a
truc1 given user)specified vehicle characteristics !for land logistic"# Net%or1
possessed restrictions such as underpass clearance, &ridge %eight, ha0ardous good
routes and turn restrictions that %ould impede a truc1?s driver selected route#
Using GI()T, it %ill as1 the user for the height, %idth, %eight and configuration
of a truc1, along %ith its origin, destination and end route stops# The &enefit of
this application is that it 'uic1ly allo%s the comparison of the shortest non)
restricted route to oversi0e vehicle# 4rom this data, the management agencies that
issuing permits can offer truc1ing companies the optimum route on the high%ay
net%or1#
<
4igure ;/ Interface of the application that allo% user to enter the truc1
characteristic and o&tain the &est route
-.0 CONCL.SIONS
GI()T is a tool %hich allo% the integration data of transportation into seamless data&ase
for continuous analysis in the many various type of &usiness including logistic# In the
logistics system, transportation cost could &e regarded as a restriction of the o&5ective
mar1et# This paper cover a&out the GI()T in transportation analysis and also the impacts#
4rom the revie%, the impact of the GI()T to logistic management are enhance control
logistic movement and traffic statistic, time management and easily determine shortest
path for vehicle routing# 2y means of %ell)handled transport system, goods could &e sent
to the right place at right time in order to satisfy customers? demands# In addition, a good
transport system performing in logistics activities &rings &enefits not only to service
'uality &ut also to company competitiveness#
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REFERENCES
2allou, 3#H# $ogistics, (upply .hain and Transport Management# 8earson# .am&ridge
2ritain#
Mi1e 4orster,*+++# 3evie% of the use of Geographical Information (ystems in the
Mar1eting and 8lanning of $ogistics (ervices# .hristian (alvesen $ogistics 3esearch
8aper no# :#
6hmed El)3a&&any, *++*# Introduction to G8( The Glo&al 8ositioning (ystem# 6rtech
House# $ondon#
Hendri1s, 8#H#D#, ,<<=, Information (trategies for Geographical Information (ystems#
International Dournal of Geographical Information (cience vol# ,*, no# A/ A*,)A:<
,,
Marina Melchiorre, Mohammed 6lam and 6lan .layton, ,<<=# Geographic Information
(ystem 6pplications in Transportation 6nalysis# Ur&an and 3egional Information (ystem
6ssociation !U3I(6"#
Cung)yu Tseng, -en $ong Cue and Taylor, M#6#8# *++@# The 3ole of Transportation in
$ogistic .hain# 8roceedings of the Eastern 6sia (ociety for Transportation (tudies, Eol#
@, pp# ,A@B F ,AB*#
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