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Photovoltaic system
NOMINAL POWER EQUAL TO 5!" #WP
PRO$E%T NAME&
RE'I(ENTIAL )OME IN A(ELAI(E
Located in
A(ELAI(E
)A*WAR( A+E ,-5
Customer
$O)N 'MIT)
.. '*MON(' PL
5/// - A(ELAI(E 0'A1
TECHNICAL REPORT
Designer
MR2 RAP)AEL MOL3E'E
'OLARWARE
1,/ $ELLI%OE 'T
5/// - A(ELAI(E 0'A1
(ATE&
A(ELAI(E 1,4/54,/1,
Technical report - Residential home in Adelaide ,
PURPOE O! THI DOCU"ENT
The doc6ment 7i8es the technical report o9 the photo8oltaic s:stem2 In the doc6ment ;ill <e
identi9ied the plant ;ill <e pro8ided pro=ect data the characteristics o9 the materials 6sed
0photo8oltaic mod6les in8erters1 the criteria 9or the choice o9 s:stem sol6tions and desi7n
criteria o9 ma=or components2 In addition the: ;ill <e reported to preliminar: calc6lations
needed to si>in7 <ill o9 ?6antities and dra;in7s 0circ6it dia7rams and la:o6t o9 s:stem12
Technical report - Residential home in Adelaide .
# $ TECHNICAL REPORT
The photo8oltaic s:stem o9 nominal po;er
1
5!" @W ;ill <e located at Adelaide 0'A1 )a:;ard
A8e ,-5 and ;ill <e connected to the electrical distri<6tion 7rid in Lo; 8olta7e 'in7le-phase
alternatin7 c6rrent a ,./// + the responsi<ilit: o9 the 7rid operator2
1.1 PROJECT DATA
The pro=ect data are reported <elo; and relate to the c6stomer the installation site the data
on the electricit: s6ppl: and the presence or a<sence o9 o<=ects shadin72
Customer
Name $ohn
'6rname 'mith
%ompan:
Address .. ':monds Pl
%it: 5/// - Adelaide 0'A1
Installation site
Location Adelaide
Address )a:;ard A8e ,-5
Latit6de -.-5.A
Lon7it6de 1.B"/A
Altit6de 5" metri
MaCim6m temperat6re ,B,! A%
Minim6m temperat6re "!" A%
Dlo<al irradiation on a hori>ontal
plane
-"- @Wh4mE
Irradiance data NA'A-''E
Al<edo ,/F
The photo8oltaic s:stem ;ill <e connected to a 6ser s:stem ser8ed <: a electrical s6ppl:
ha8in7 the 9ollo;in7 characteristics&
Electricity su%%ly
Drid operator AEMO
%onnection t:pe GT - Mono
Nominal 8olta7e ,./// +
A8aila<le po;er "// @W
1
The nominal po;er o9 a photo8oltaic s:stem is intended as the s6m o9 the nominal po;er o9 each
mod6le meas6red at standard test conditions 0'T%12
Technical report - Residential home in Adelaide -
A8era7e ann6al cons6mption !2.//// @Wh
%6stomer code 1,.-5"5
%ontract n6m<er D3-!-B.-
1.2 DESCRIPTION OF THE PHOTOVOLTAIC SYSTEM
The photo8oltaic s:stem ;ith nominal po;er 5!" @W ;ill <e connected to electrical
distri<6tion 7rid in Lo; 8olta7e 'in7le-phase in alternatin7 c6rrent o9 t:pe Mono a ,./// +
competence o9 AEMO2
The characteristics o9 the s:stem are s6mmari>ed <elo; in partic6lar in 3i76re 1 sho;s the
electrical dia7ram sin7le-;ire o9 s:stem2
In it are distin76ished&
The photo8oltaic 7enerator consists o9&
, strin7s o9 1" mod6les connected in series
The 7ro6p o9 con8ersion 9ormed <: 1 in8erter 'in7le-phase
The 7ro6p o9 inter9ace
The s:stems o9 meas6rement o9 ener7:
1.2.1 PHOTOVOLTAIC GENERATOR
It ;ill consist o9&
- P+ mod6les connected in series 9or the reali>ation o9 the strin7s
- Electric ca<les 9or connection <et;een mod6les and <et;een these to electrical panels
Gelo; are the characteristics o9 photo8oltaic 7enerator and o9 its main components namel:
strin7s and mod6les2
Electrical characteristics o& the %hotovoltaic generator
Nominal po;er 5!" @Wp
N6m<er o9 P+ mod6les .,
Interceptin7 s6r9ace -/ mE
N6m<er o9 strin7s ,
MaCim6m 8olta7e H'T% 0+oc1 !1"B +
+olta7e at maCim6m po;er H'T% 0+mpp1 55B- +
'hort circ6it c6rrent H'T% 0Isc1 115 A
%6rrent at maCim6m po;er H'T% 0Impp1 1/1, A
In the case o9 the plant in ?6estion the photo8oltaic 7enerator has di99erent eCpos6res 0tilt
an7le and a>im6th an7le di99erent dependin7 on the photo8oltaic 9ield ta@en into acco6nt1
namel:&
ECpos6re o9 the P+ 7enerator&
3ield 1&
A>im6th & ,5 I
Tilt & ,,!I
Technical report - Residential home in Adelaide 5
In order to a8oid electrical losses 9or mismatchin7 the P+ 9ields ;ith di99erent eCpos6res ;ill
<e connected to in8erters distinct or alternati8el: to in8erters ;ith independent inp6ts
0independent MPPT12
In the case o9 the plant in ?6estion the photo8oltaic 7enerator presents a sin7le eCpos6re 0tilt
an7le and a>im6th an7le e?6al 9or all P+ mod6les1 namel:&
ECpos6re o9 the P+ 7enerator&
A>im6th & ,5 I
Tilt & ,,!I
The photo8oltaic 7enerator o9 the nominal po;er o9 5!" @W 6ses the series-parallel
con9i76ration and ;ill <e di8ided into , strin7s o9 mod6les connected in series2 The 9ollo;in7
lists the compositions o9 the strin7s o9 the s:stem2
Electrical characteristics o& the strings
N6m<er o9 P+ mod6les in series 1"
Nominal po;er ,BB @W
Open circ6it 8olta7e 0+oc1 !1"B +
'hort circ6it c6rrent 0Isc1 5!5 A
%6rrent at maCim6m po;er 0Impp1 5/" A
%onstr6ction data o9 the mod6les&
Construction data o& the modules
Man69act6rer '6n Tech 'olar %o2 Ltd2
Model JTP 1B/-.-
Tecnolo7: 'i-Mono
Nominal po;er 1B/// W
Tollerance 5//F
Open circ6it 8olta7e 0+oc1 --B/ +
+olta7e at maCim6m po;er 0+mpp1 .-5/ +
'hort circ6it c6rrent 0Isc1 5!5 A
%6rrent at maCim6m po;er 0Impp1 5/" A
Area 1,5 mE
E99icienc: 1--F
1.2.2 GROUP OF CONVERSION DC/AC
The con8ersion 7ro6p o9 the photo8oltaic s:stem ;ill consist o9 1 in8erter 'in7le-phase 9or a
total o6tp6t o9 a<o6t 5!" @W2
The main technical characteristics o9 the in8erter are s6mmari>ed <elo;2
Construction details o& the inverter
Man69act6rer AGG A6tomation Prod6cts Dm<)
Technical report - Residential home in Adelaide "
Model P+'.//-TL-"///W-,
Nominal po;er "1/ @W
MaCim6m po;er "!/ @W
MaCim6m e99icienc: 5!1/F
E6ropean e99icienc: 5""/F
MaCim6m 8olta7e 9rom P+ 5//// +
Minim6m 8olta7e MPPT ..5// +
MaCim6m 8olta7e MPPT B//// +
MaCim6m inp6t c6rrent 15// A
N6m<er o9 MPPT 1
A% o6tp6t 8olta7e ,./// +
O6tp6t 'in7le-phase
Isolation trans9ormer Tr6e
3re?6enc: 5/4"/ )>
1.2.3 ELECTRICAL DC PANELS
The photo8oltaic s:stem consists o9 1 panels (% as 9ollo;s are listed the di99erent
compositions o9 the electrical panels in the s:stem&
Electrical DC %anel
N6m<er o9 inp6ts ,
MaC c6rrent 9or each inp6t 5!5 A
MaC inp6t 8olta7e !5,/" +
MaC o6tp6t c6rrent 115/ A
Inp6t de8ice AGG OT1"3B
Nominal c6rrent o9 the inp6t de8ice 1"// A
Protection None
Nominal c6rrent protection /// A
Gloc@in7 diode None
Nominal c6rrent o9 the <loc@in7 diode /// A
O6tp6t de8ice AGG OT1"3B
Nominal c6rrent o9 the o6tp6t de8ice 1"// A
(ischar7er AGG O+R P+ -/ 1/// P
%ate7or: o9 dischar7er II
(ischar7er 8olta7e 12///// +
Technical report - Residential home in Adelaide !
Technical report - Residential home in Adelaide B
'( Dra)ings
2.1 - SINGLE-LINE CIRCUIT DIAGRAM
3i76re 1& sin7le-line circ6it dia7ram
Technical report - Residential home in Adelaide 5
2.2 - GENERAL LAYOUT OF SYSTEM
3i76re ,& Placement o9 the P+ 7enerator and 7ro6p con8ersion
Technical report - Residential home in Adelaide 1/
*( Preliminary calculations
3.1 - ANNUAL PRODUCIBILITY
Site installation
The plant ;ill <e installed in locations Adelaide 0'A1 )a:;ard A8e ,-52
The ta<le <elo; sho;s the main 7eo7raphical data o9 the installation site2
+eogra%hic data o& the site
Location Adelaide
Latit6de -.-5.A
Lon7it6de 1.B"/A
Altit6de 5" metri
MaCim6m temperat6re ,B,! A%
Minim6m temperat6re "!" A%
Irradiance data NA'A-''E
At this location ;e ha8e the 9ollo;in7 dail: irradiation on a hori>ontal s6r9ace o<tained
accordin7 to the so6rce NA'A-''E2
"onth
Di&&use
daily
,-.h/m0
Direct
daily
,-.h/m0
+lo1al
daily
,-.h/m0
$an6ar: ,.! --B "B5
3e<r6ar: ,/5 -1" ",1
March 1"! .., -55
April 1,- ,5- .!B
Ma: /5- 1B, ,!"
$6ne /B/ 151 ,.1
$6l: /B5 1!1 ,5"
A676st 111 ,,/ ..1
'eptem<er 151 ,B" -.!
Octo<er 15" .51 5-!
No8em<er ,.- .5B ".,
(ecem<er ,5, -,/ "!,
2early #34# *35* 6346
%onsiderin7 the monthl: a8era7e dail: irradiation and the n6m<er o9 da:s ;hich ma@e 6p the
t;el8e months o9 the :ear :o6 can determine the 8al6e o9 the ann6al 7lo<al irradiation on a
hori>ontal s6r9ace 9or the location o9 Adelaide 0'A12 This 8al6e is e?6al to -"- K@Wh4mEL22
Technical report - Residential home in Adelaide 11
Far shadings
Normall: in a photo8oltaic s:stem the shadin7 sho6ld <e a8oided <eca6se the: ca6se loss o9
po;er and there9ore o9 ener7: prod6ced2 )o;e8er limited phenomena are <e permitted ;here
the: ade?6atel: assessed2
In case o9 the plant in ?6estion not eCist shado;in72
Calculation of producibility
The prod6ci<ilit: o9 the s:stem ;as calc6lated on the <asis o9 data deri8ates 9rom so6rce o9
climate data NA'A-''E o9 the installation site relati8e to the a8era7e monthl: 7lo<al o9 solar
radiation incident on hori>ontal s6r9ace2
The proced6re 9or the calc6lation o9 the ener7: prod6ced <: the s:stem ta@es into acco6nt the
nominal po;er 05!" @W1 the an7le o9 tilt and a>im6th 0 ,,!I ,5I 1 o9 the P+ 7enerator
the losses on the P+ 7enerator 0resisti8e losses losses d6e to di99erence in temperat6re o9 the
mod6les 9or re9lection and 9or mismatchin7 <et;een strin7s1 the e99icienc: o9 the in8erter as
;ell as the coe99icient re9lectance o9 the 7ro6nd in 9ront o9 the mod6les 0,/F1 0al<edo12
There9ore the ener7: prod6ced <: the s:stem on an ann6al <asis 0Ep :1 is calc6lated as
9ollo;s&
Ep: M Pnom N Irr N 01-Losses1 M B2B1!,5 @Wh
Where&
Pnom M Nominal po;er o9 s:stem& 5!" @W
Irr M Ann6al irradiation on the s6r9ace o9 the mod6les& 1B"".- @Wh4mE
Losses M Po;er losses& 1!5B F
The po;er losses are d6e to 8ario6s 9actors2 The ta<le <elo; lists these loss 9actors and their
8al6es ass6med <: the proced6re 9or the calc6lation o9 s:stem prod6ci<ilit:2
Losses
Temperat6re losses 5// F
Mismatchin7 losses 5// F
Resisti8e losses -// F
Losses 9or (%4A% con8ersion .-/ F
Other losses ,// F
'hadin7 losses /// F
Total losses #7389 :
The 7raph <elo; sho;s the trend o9 monthl: prod6ction o9 ener7: eCpected d6rin7 the :ear2
Technical report - Residential home in Adelaide 1,
3.2 - VERIFICATION OF PROPER ELECTRICAL CONNECTIONS BETWEEN THE
PHOTOVOLTAIC GENERATOR AND THE GROUP OF CONVERSION DC AC.
In order to choose an in8erter is normall: necessar: to 8eri9: the compati<ilit: <et;een the
in8erters 6sed and the P+ 9ields2
The 8eri9ications on in8erters re9er to the section in (% c6rrent o9 the photo8oltaic s:stem and
concern&
The 8eri9ication o9 the (% 8olta7e
The 8eri9ication o9 the (% c6rrent
The 8eri9ication o9 the po;er
Verification of DC voltage
The 8eri9ication o9 the (% 8olta7e is to chec@ that the set o9 8olta7es s6pplied <: the
photo8oltaic 9ield is compati<le ;ith the ran7e o9 8ariation o9 the inp6t 8olta7e o9 the in8erter2
In other ;ords it is necessar: to calc6late the minim6m and maCim6m 8olta7e o9 the
photo8oltaic 9ield and 8eri9: that the 9irst is 7reater than the minim6m inp6t 8olta7e accepta<le
9or the in8erter and the second is less than the maCim6m inp6t 8olta7e allo;ed <: the
in8erter2
Verification of DC current
The 8eri9ication o9 the (% c6rrent is to chec@ that the short circ6it c6rrent o9 the P+ 9ield H
'T% is less than the maCim6m permissi<le inp6t c6rrent o9 the in8erter2
Verification of the power
The 8eri9ication on the po;er o9 is to chec@ the nominal po;er o9 con8ersion 7ro6p (% 4 A%
0s6m o9 nominal po;er o9 the in8erter1 is more than B///F and less than 1,///F o9 the
nominal po;er o9 the photo8oltaic s:stem 0s6m o9 nominal po;er mod6les photo8oltaic12
The 9ollo;in7 ta<les sho; the res6lt o9 these 8eri9ications2
Inverter;#
Technical report - Residential home in Adelaide 1.
+olta7e limits
Minim6m 8olta7e at mod6le temperat6re o9 "5!!I% 0-!/!. +1 O Minim6m MPPT 8olta7e
0..5 +1
+olta7e limits
MaCim6m 8olta7e at mod6le temperat6re o9 -1/I% 0".."" +1 P MaCim6m 8olta7e o9 MPPT
0B// +1
+olta7e limits
Open circ6it 8olta7e at mod6le temperat6re o9 -1/I% 0!5,/" +1 P MaCim6m in8erter 8olta7e
05// +1
Limits on c6rrent 'hort circ6it c6rrent 0115 A1 P MaCim6m in8erter c6rrent 015 A1
Po;er limits 'i>in7 9actor on po;er 0B/ F1 P 05-F1 P 01,/ F1
3.3 - ELECTRICAL PIPES
The si>in7 o9 the electric ca<les in8ol8es the 9ollo;in7 calc6lations&
%alc6lation o9 the 8olta7e drop
Calculation of the voltage drop
#no;n the len7th o9 the pipeline t:pe o9 ca<le and the maCim6m c6rrent on it the calc6lation
o9 the percenta7e 8olta7e drop 9or a ca<le in (% c6rrent it o<tained ;ith the relation&
1000
2
%
L
I
V
R
V
nom
nom
=
;here&
L is the len7th o9 the pipeline in meters
I
nom
is the c6rrent in the ca<le H'T%
V
nom
is the 8olta7e on the ca<le H'T%
R is the resistance per @m o9 ca<le at a temperat6re o9 B/ I%
Note la l6n7he>>a della cond6tt6ra il tipo di ca8o e la corrente massima che 8i scorre il
calcolo della cad6ta di tensione percent6ale per 6na cond6tt6ra in corrente alternata Q
otteni<ile con la rela>ioni&
3or a sin7le-phase line&
1000
2
2 2
%
L
I
V
X R
V
nom
AC
+
=
3or a three-phase line&
1000
73 , 1
2 2
%
L
I
V
X R
V
nom
AC
+
=
;here&
L is the len7th o9 the pipeline in meters
I
nom
is the c6rrent in the ca<le H'T%
V
AC
is the 8olta7e o9 Drid
R ! are the resistance and reactance o9 the line per @m at a temperat6re o9 B/ I%
The 9ollo;in7 ta<les sho; the list o9 ca<les 6sed in the s:stem2
3or more details please re9er to the doc6ment RGill o9 ca<lesR
Ta1le o& ca1les
La1el Code Descri%tion !ormation <oltage dro% Length
Technical report - Residential home in Adelaide 1-
%1 PR*D!P.J/1/ 3rom& Main panel To& Electricit: 7rid .C1/ /1BF .-1 m
%, PR*D!P.J/1/ 3rom& In8erter&1 To& Main panel .C1/ /1BF .5, m
%. PR*P'UN/1/
3rom& Q(%-(% - In8erter&1&1 To&
In8erter&1
1C1/ //.F .5. m
%- PR*D!P1J//"
3rom& 'tr&, To& Q(%-(% -
In8erter&1&1
1C" //"F B! m
%5 PR*P'UN//- 'trin7 ca<le& 'tr&, 1C- /1.F 1,!- m
%" PR*P'UN//"
3rom& 'tr&1 To& Q(%-(% -
In8erter&1&1
1C" //5F "B! m
%! PR*P'UN//- 'trin7 ca<le& 'tr&1 1C- /1.F 1,!- m
ummary o& the ca1les used in the system
Code "anu&acturer Descri%tion !ormation ection Length
PR*D!P.J/1/ Pr:smian 3D!0O1R D-'ETTES /2"41 @+ .C1/ .C1/
1///
mmE
"5. m
PR*P'UN/1/ Pr:smian 3D,1M,1 P-'6n 12, @+ 1C1/ 1C1/
1///
mmE
!/" m
PR*D!P1J//" Pr:smian 3D!0O1R D-'ETTES /2"41 @+ 1C" 1C" "// mmE 1!- m
PR*P'UN//- Pr:smian 3D,1M,1 P-'6n 12, @+ 1C- 1C- -// mmE ,5-B m
PR*P'UN//" Pr:smian 3D,1M,1 P-'6n 12, @+ 1C" 1C" "// mmE 1.!- m