GUIDE SPECIFICATIONS FOR

CONSTRUCTION OF INTERLOCKING
CONCRETE PAVEMENTS
SECTION 02780
INTERLOCKING CONCRETE PAVERS
PART 1 GENERAL
1.01 SECTION INCLUDES
A. Concrete paver units. [Concrete paver edge units.]
B. Bedding and joint sand.
Note: This guide specification for concrete paver applications in North America should be edited to fit project
conditions and location. Notes are given on the use of a compacted aggregate base under the bedding sand and
pavers. Other base materials ma be used.
1.02 RELATED SECTIONS
A. !ection: [ " ]"Curbs and #rains.
B. !ection: [ " ]"Aggregate Base.
C. !ection: [ " ]"Cement Treated Base.
#. !ection: [ " ]"Asphalt Treated Base.
$. !ection: [ " ]"%avements& Asphalt and Concrete.
'. !ection: [ " ]"(oofing )aterials.
*. !ection: [ " ]"Bitumen and Neoprene !etting Bed& Acrlic 'ortified )ortar !etting Bed.
+. !ection: [ " ]"*eote,tiles.
1.3 REFERENCES
Note: %avements subject to vehicles should be designed in consultation -ith a .ualified civil engineer& in
accordance -ith established fle,ible pavement design procedures& %avespec soft-are& and in accordance -ith the
/C%/ 0Tech !pec1 Technical Bulletins. This specification should be edited b an engineer2architect2landscape
architect to conform to project conditions.
A. American !ociet of Testing and )aterials 3A!T)4:
5. C 66& !pecification for Concrete Aggregates.
7. C 568& )ethod for !ieve Analsis for 'ine and Coarse Aggregate.
6. C 59:& !ampling and Testing Concrete )asonr ;nits.
9. C 599& !tandard !pecification for Aggregate for )asonr )ortar.
<. C =68& !pecification for !olid /nterloc>ing Concrete %aving ;nits.
8. C =?=& !pecification for %igments for /ntegrall Colored Concrete.
?. # 8=@& Test )ethods for )oisture #ensit (elations of !oil and !oil Aggregate
)i,tures using a <.<"lb 37.9= >g4 (ammer and 57 in. 36:< mm4 drop.
@. # 5<<?& Test )ethods for )oisture #ensit (elations of !oil and !oil Aggregate
)i,tures using a 5:"lb 39.<9 >g4 (ammer and 5@ in. 39<? mm4 drop.
=. # 7=9:& *raded Aggregate )aterial for Bases or !ubbases for +igh-as or Airports.

B. Canadian !tandards Association 3C!A4:
5. C!A"A765.7"=<& %recast Concrete %avers.
7. C!A"A76.7A !ieve Analsis of 'ine and Coarse Aggregates.
6. CAN2C!A"A76.5")=9& Concrete )aterials and )ethods of Concrete Construction.
9. CAN2C!A"A@7.<8)"5=?8& Aggregate for )asonr )ortar.
1.04 QUALITY ASSURANCE
A. /nstallation shall be b a contractor and cre- -ith at least one ear of e,perience in placing
interloc>ing concrete pavers on projects of similar nature or dollar cost.
B. Contractor shall conform to all local& state2provincial licensing and bonding re.uirements.
1.05 SUBMITTALS
A. !hop or product dra-ings& and product data.
B. 'ull siAe samples of concrete paving units to indicate color and shape selections. Color -ill be
selected b the Architect2$ngineer2Bandscape Architect and2or O-ner from Abbotsford
Concrete %roductsC available colors. Call toll free 5"@::"886"9:=5.
C. !ieve analsis for grading of bedding and joint sand.
#. Test results from an independent testing laborator for compliance of paving unit re.uirements
to [A!T) C =68] [C!A] or other applicable re.uirements.
$. /ndicate laout& pattern& and relationship of paving joints to fi,tures and project formed details.
1.0 MOCK!UPS
A. /nstall a ? ft. , ? ft. 37 m , 7 m4 paver area as described in Article 6.:7.
B. This area -ill be used to determine surcharge of the bedding sand laer& joint siAes& lines& laing
pattern3s4& color3s4& and te,ture of the job.
C. This area shall be the standard form -hich the -or> -ill be judged and shall be incorporated
into the -or>.
1.07 DELIVERY" STORAGE" AND #ANDLING
A. #eliver concrete pavers to the site in steel banded& plastic banded& or plastic -rapped cubes
capable of transfer b for> lift or clamp lift. ;nload pavers at job site in such a manner that no
damage occurs to the product.
B. Cover sand -ith -aterproof covering to prevent e,posure to rainfall or removal b -ind. !ecure
the covering in place.
C. Coordinate deliver and paving schedule to minimiAe interference -ith normal use of buildings
adjacent to paving.
1.08 ENVIRONMENTAL CONDITIONS
A. #o not install sand or pavers during heav rain or sno-fall.
B. #o not install sand and pavers over froAen base materials.
C. #o not install froAen sand.
PART 2 PRODUCTS
2.01 CONCRETE PAVERS
Note: Concrete pavers ma have spacer bars on each unit. The are highl recommended for mechanicall
installed pavers. )anuall installed pavers ma be installed -ith or -ithout spacer bars.
A. !upplied b a member of the /nterloc>ing Concrete %avement /nstitute 3/C%/4. The /C%/
supplier: A$$%&'(%)* C%+,)-&- P)%*.,&' L&*.
Toll 'ree: 5"@::"886"9:=5 'a,: 38:94@<7"9@5=
B. %roduct name3s42shape3s4& color3s4& overall dimensions& and thic>ness:
[Din.2mm ,Din.2mm ,Din.2mm thic>.]
[Din.2mm ,Din.2mm ,Din.2mm thic>.]
[Din.2mm ,Din.2mm ,Din.2mm thic>.]
C. )eet the follo-ing re.uirements set forth in A!T) C =68& !tandard !pecification for
/nterloc>ing Concrete %aving ;nits:
5. Average compressive strength of @&::: psi 3<< )%a4 -ith no individual unit under ?&7::
psi 3<: )%a4.
7. Average absorption of <E -ith no unit greater than ?E -hen tested in accordance -ith
A!T) C 59:.
6. (esistance to <: freeAe"tha- ccles -hen tested according to A!T) C 8?.
"""O("""
C. )eet the follo-ing re.uirements set forth in C!A"A765.7"=<& %recast Concrete %avers:
5. )inimum average cube compressive strength of ?&7<: psi 3<: )%a4.
7. (esistance to <: freeAe tha- ccles -hile immersed in a 6E saline solution.
#. %igment shall conform to A!T) C =?=.
2.02 BEDDING AND /OINT SAND
Note: The tpe of sand used for bedding is often called concrete sand. !ands var regionall. !creenings and stone
dust can be unevenl graded and have an e,cess amount of material passing the No. 7:: 3:.:?< mm4 sieve.
Bedding sands -ith these characteristics should not be used. Contact paver contractors local to the project and
confirm sand3s4 successfull used in previous similar applications.

A. Clean& non"plastic& free from deleterious or foreign matter& natural or manufactured from
crushed roc>. #o not use limestone screenings or stone dust that do not conform to the grading
re.uirements in Table 5. Fhen concrete pavers are subject to vehicular traffic& the sands shall be
as hard as practicall available.
Note: /f the hardness of the bedding sand is not sufficient or .uestionable for the application 3usuall a heavil
traffic>ed thoroughfare4& contact the /C%/ for information and specifications on assessing bedding sand durabilit
under heav traffic loads.
B. !ieve according to [A!T) C 568] [C!A"A76.7A].
C. Conform to the grading re.uirements of as sho-n in Table 5.
Note: ;se A!T) or C!A standards as applicable.
T0$1- 1
G)0*2+3 R-4.2)-5-+&' (%) B-**2+3 S0+*
ASTM C 33 CSA A23.1!M64
!ieve !iAe %ercent %assing !ieve !iAe %ercent %assing
62@ in. 3=.< mm4 5:: 5:. mm 5::
No. 9 39.?< mm4 =< to 5:: <. mm =< to 5::
No. @ 37.68 mm4 @< to 5:: 7.< mm @: to 5::
No. 58 35.5@ mm4 <: to @< 5.7< mm <: to =:
No. 6: 3:.8:: mm4 7< to 8: :.86: mm 7< to 8<
No. <: 3:.6:: mm4 5: to 6: :.65< mm 5: to 6<
No. 5:: 3:.5<: mm4 7 to 5: :.58: mm 7 to 5:

Note: Bedding sand ma be used for joint sand. +o-ever& e,tra effort in s-eeping and compacting the pavers ma
be re.uired in order to completel fill the joints. /f joint sand other than bedding sand is used& the gradations
sho-n in Table 7 are recommended. Goint sand should never be used for bedding sand.
#. The joint sand shall conform to the grading re.uirements as sho-n in Table 7 belo-:
Note: ;se A!T) or C!A standards as applicable.
T0$1- 2
G)0*2+3 (%) /%2+& S0+*
ASTM C 144 CSA A82.5M
Natural !and )anufactured !and
!ieve !iAe %ercent %assing %ercent %assing !ieve !iAe %ercent %assing
No. 9 39.?< mm4 5:: 5:: < mm 5::
No. @ 37.68 mm4 =< to 5:: =< to 5:: 7.< mm =< to 5::
No. 58 35.5@ mm4 ?: to 5:: ?: to 5:: 5.7< mm =: to 5::
No. 6: 3:.8:: mm4 9: to ?< 9: to 5:: :.8:: mm 6< to @:
No. <: 3:.6:: mm4 5: to 6< 7: to 9: :.6:: mm 5< to <:
No. 5:: 3:.5<: mm4 7 to 5< 5: to 7< :.5<: mm 7 to 5<
No. 7:: 3:.:?< mm4 : : to 5:
2.03 EDGE RESTRAINTS
Note: !ee /C%/ Tech !pec 6& 0$dge (estraints for /nterloc>ing Concrete %avements&1 for guidance selecting on
edge restraints for various applications.
A. $dge restraints shall be [timber][plastic][concrete][aluminum][steel][pre"cast concrete][cut
stone][concrete] [as manufactured b][and shall conform to the follo-ing standards:]
PART 3 E7ECUTION
3.01 E7AMINATION
Note: 'or installation on a compacted aggregate base and soil subgrade& the specifier should be a-are that the top
surface of the pavers ma be 52@ to 529 in. 36 to 8 mm4 above the final elevations after compaction. This
difference in initial and final elevation is to compensate for possible minor settling.
A. Herif that subgrade preparation& compacted densit and elevations conform to the
specifications.
Note: Compaction of the soil subgrade is recommended to at least =<E !tandard %roctor #ensit per A!T) #
8=@. +igher densit& or compaction to A!T) # 5<<?& ma be necessar for areas subject to continual vehicular
traffic. !tabiliAation of the subgrade and2or base material ma be necessar -ith -ea> or saturated subgrade
soils. The Architect2$ngineer should inspect subgrade preparation& elevations& and conduct densit tests for
conformance to specifications.
B. Herif that geote,tiles& if applicable& have been placed according to specifications and dra-ings.
C. Herif that aggregate base materials& thic>ness& compaction& surface tolerances& and elevations
conform to the specifications.
Note: Bocal aggregate base materials tpical to those used for high-a fle,ible pavements are recommended& or
those conforming to A!T) # 7=9:. Compaction to not less than =<E %roctor #ensit in accordance -ith A!T)
# 8=@ is recommended for pedestrian areas. Compaction to not less than =@E )odified %roctor #ensit
according to A!T) # 5<<? is recommended for vehicular areas. The aggregate base should be spread and
compacted in uniform laers not e,ceeding 8 in. 35<: mm4 thic>ness. (ecommended base surface tolerance should
be plus or minus 62@ in. 35: mm4 over a 5: ft. 36 m4 straight edge. The Architect2$ngineer should inspect
geote,tile materials and placement 3if applicable4& base preparation& surface tolerances& elevations& and conduct
densit tests for conformance to specifications. !ee /C%/ Tech !pec 7& 0Construction of /nterloc>ing Concrete
%avements1 for further guidance on construction practices.
Note: )echanical tampers are recommended for compaction of soil subgrade and aggregate base around lamp
standards& utilit structures& building edges& curbs& tree -ells and other protrusions. /n areas not accessible to
roller compaction e.uipment& compact to specified densit -ith mechanical tampers.
#. Herif location& tpe& installation and elevations of edge restraints around the perimeter area to
be paved. """O("""
#. /nstall edge restraints per the dra-ings [and manufacturerCs recommendations][at the indicated
elevations].
$. Herif that base is dr& uniform& even& and read to support sand& pavers& and imposed loads.
'. Beginning of bedding sand and paver installation means acceptance of base and edge restraints.
3.02 INSTALLATION
A. !pread the sand evenl over the base course and screed to a nominal 5 in. 37< mm4 thic>ness&
not e,ceeding 5I in. 39: mm4 thic>ness. The screeded sand should not be disturbed. %lace
sufficient sand to sta ahead of the laid pavers. #o not use the bedding sand to fill depressions in
the base surface.
B. $nsure that pavers are free of foreign material before installation.
C. Ba the pavers in the pattern3s4 as sho-n on the dra-ings. )aintain straight pattern lines.
#. Goints bet-een the pavers on average shall be bet-een 5258 in. and 6258 in. 37 mm to < mm4
-ide.
Note: !ome paver shapes re.uire a larger joint. Consult manufacturer for recommended joint -idths.
$. 'ill gaps at the edges of the paved area -ith cut pavers or edge units.
Note: ;nits cut no smaller than one"third of a -hole paver are recommended along edged subject to vehicular
traffic.
'. Cut pavers to be placed along the edge -ith a [double blade paver splitter or] masonr sa-.
*. ;se a lo- amplitude& high fre.uenc plate vibrator to vibrate the pavers into the sand. ;se Table
6 belo- to select siAe of compaction e.uipment:
T0$1- 3
M2+25.5 C-+&)2(.301 C%580,&2%+ F%),-
%aver Thic>ness Compaction 'orce
8: mm 6::: lbs. 356 >N4
@: mm <::: lbs. 377 >N4
+. Hibrate the pavers& s-eeping dr joints sand into the joints and vibrating until the are full. This
-ill re.uire at least t-o or three passes -ith the vibrator. #o not vibrate -ithin 6 ft. 35 m4 of the
unrestrained edges of the paving units.
/. All -or> to -ithin 6 ft. 35 m4 of the laing face must be left full compacted -ith sand"filled
joints at the end of each da.
G. !-eep off e,cess sand -hen the job is complete.
J. The final surface elevations shall not deviate more than 62@ in. 35: mm4 under a 5: ft. 36 m4 long
straightedge.
B. The surface elevation of pavers shall be 52@ to 529 in. 36 to 8 mm4 above adjacent drainage
inlets& concrete collars or channels.
3.03 FIELD QUALITY CONTROL
A. After removal of e,cess sand& chec> final elevations for conformance to the dra-ings.
END OF SECTION