I REAL CONDITIONALS: Factual/Predictive

1.1 Zero/Factual (if = when) Typical pattern in the preent !r the pat
1.1a "er!#$act%al (if&preent tene & preent tene): a fi'e( c!nnecti!n that e'it )etween
tw! e*ent n!w !r alway
If I wah the (ihe+ he (rie the,.
If the fr%it feel !ft+ it- rea(y t! eat.
What happens if there i a l!t !f (e,an(. If (e,an( increae+ price %%ally /! %p.
1.1) "er!#$act%al (if&pat tene & pat tene): a c!nnecti!n that e'ite( )ef!re n!w
If it raine(+ we went )y )%.
If ,y %ncle ca%/ht fih+ he alway /a*e % !,e.
0hat happene( if there wa )a( weather. If it wa really )a(+ cr!p faile( an( pe!ple tar*e(.
1.1 Predictive/First Conditional 0hat will happen if2 .
1.1a (if&preent tene & f%t%re tene): a li3ely c!nnecti!n that e'it )etween !ne e*ent
(if&preent tene) an( an!ther p!i)le e*ent (f%t%re tene):
If y!%r frien( (!n-t arri*e )y fi*e+ we-ll lea*e with!%t the,.
If I ee E*a+ I-ll tell her.
1.1) (if&preent tene & ,!(al#phraal ,!(al)
If we /et there early+ we can it at the fr!nt.
If he ay that a/ain+ I a, /!in/ t! crea,4
1.1c (if&preent tene & i,perati*e)
1.1( (if&will & f%t%re tene): we (!n-t %%ally p%t will in the if5cla%e %nle we are %in/ the
f%ll e,phatic f!r, t! ,ean 6if you insist- !r when it i part !f a polite invitation and
request
If y!% will p%t !ff (!in/ y!%r h!,ew!r3+ then !f c!%re y!%-ll /et )a( ,ar3.
If y!%-ll 7%t f!ll!w ,e+ I-ll ta3e y!% t! y!%r r!!,.
If y!%-ll !pen the (!!r+ I-ll )rin/ thee in.
8Prevod na srpski
if + present tense + future tense
ako + srp. prezent + srp. udu!e vre"e#
$f y!%r frien( don%t arrive )y fi*e+ we%ll leave with!%t the,.
&ko t*!7i pri7atel7i ne sti'nu (! 9+ oti!i!e"o )e: n7ih.
$f I ee E*a+ $%ll tell her.
&ko *i(i, E*%+ re!i!u 7!7.
$$ ()*+&, C-).$/$-)&,0 1ypothetical/Counterfactual 2with
reference to preent

3. 1ypothetical/0econd Conditional 0hat w!%l( happen if 2.
1a ;yp!thetical#Sec!n( C!n(iti!nal (if&past tense/past su4unctive & f%t%re in the pat): a
(itant an( %nli3ely c!nnecti!n )etween !ne i,a/inary e*ent (if&pat %)7%ncti*e) an(
an!ther i,a/inary e*ent (w!%l():
If I /!t the 7!)+ I-( ,!*e t! L!n(!n.
If y!% li*e( cl!er+ we-( *iit y!% ,!re !ften.
If I were y!%+ I-( /!.
8the ,!t c!,,!n ,!(al in the ,ain cla%e i would.
1) (if&past tense/past su4unctive & CO<LD#=I>;T)
If y!% ca,e in the %,,er+ y!% c!%l( tay with % an( y!% ,i/ht e*en /et y!%r !wn r!!,.
1c (if&would & f%t%re in the pat): t! e'pre a (eire( !%tc!,e
If he w!%l( !nly )eha*e hi,elf+ I-( ta3e hi, with ,e.
If it w!%l( t!p rainin/+ we-( /!.
8Pevod na srpski
if +past tense/past su4unctive + future in the past
a5 da + srp. prezent + srp. potenci4al 6ih/i5
5 kad + srp. potenci4al + srp. potenci4al
$f I 'ot the 7!)+ I%d "ove t! L!n(!n.
a) .a i"a" p!a!+ preselila ih se % L!n(!n.
)) 7ad ih i"ala p!a!+ preselila ih se % L!n(!n.
$f y!% ca"e in the %,,er+ y!% could tay with %.
a) .a dolazi8 na let!+ "o'la i (a !(e(ne? 3!( na.
)) 7ad i (!la:ila na let!+ "o'la i (a !(e(ne? 3!( na.
@. Counterfactual/ /hird Conditional What would have happened if 9:
5 with reference to past
@a (if&past perfect tense/past su4unctive & w!%l( & perfect infiniti*e): an i,a/inary
c!nnecti!n )etween !ne e*ent that ne*er happene( (if&pat perfectt tene) an( an!ther e*ent
that ne*er happene( (w!%l( & perfect infiniti*e):
;e (i(n-t call ,e. I (i(n-t help hi,.
If he ha( calle(+ I w!%l( ha*e helpe( hi,.
8the ,!t c!,,!n ,!(al in the ,ain cla%e i would.
@) (if&past perfect tense/past su4unctive & could/"i'ht & perfect infiniti*e):
If he ha( a3e( %+ we ,i/ht ha*e 3n!wn h!w t! fi' it+ !r we c!%l( ha*e trie( at leat.
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0e-( ha*e )een really (iapp!inte( if they-( l!t (=0e would have een really (iapp!inte(
if they had lost)
8Prevod na srpski
if&past perfect tense/past su4unctive & w!%l( & perfect infiniti*e
A (a & pr. perfe3at & srp. potenci4al
$f he had called+ I would have helped hi,.
.a 7e pozvao+ 7a ih ,% po"o'la.
;$<+. /ype $$$ and /ype $$
=IBED Type III an( Type II: (if&past perfect tense & would + infinitive): an i,a/inary
pat e*ent (if&pat perfect tene) i c!nnecte( t! a preent e*ent !r it%ati!n %in/ would.
(w!%l( & infiniti*e):
If y!%r parent ha(n-t ,et+ y!% w!%l(n-t )e ittin/ here now.
I w!%l(n-t feel ! f%ll n!w if I ha(n-t eaten ! ,%ch at l%nch.
If Cla%e C In(irect Speech
1. If cla%e /ype = pat rep!rtin/ *er) & If cla%e /ype 3
After a pat rep!rtin/ *er)+ real it%ati!n incl%(e tene chan/e
If we lea*e n!w+ we-ll catch the train.
I told hi, that if we left we%d catch the train.
If we catch the early train+ we-ll /et there )y l%nch5ti,e.
I thou'ht that if we cau'ht the early train+ we%d 'et there )y l%nch5ti,e.
1.
1a) If cla%e /ype 3 pat rep!rtin/ *er) & If cla%e /ype >
If the e*ent i clearly hyp!thetical an( i,p!i)le+ ti,e chan/e are ,a(e after a pat
rep!rtin/ *er).
If I ha( a panner+ I c!%l( fi' thi.
;e said that if he had had a panner+ he could have fi?ed it.
@spanner n!%n #-pDnE F 5Er# Gc!%nta)leH British English
1. a ,etal t!!l that fit !*er a n%t+ %e( f!r t%rnin/ the n%t (,atica ?rafa) t! ,a3e it ti/ht !r t! %n(! it G=
wrench American EnglishH 3l7%I+ :a*i7aI :a ,atrice#?raf!*e
1)) If cla%e /ype 3 pat rep!rtin/ *er) & If cla%e /ype 3
In rep!rte( hyp!thetical c!n(iti!n+ tene chan/e are n!t ,a(e after a pat rep!rtin/ *er)+ if
the e*ent ha reference to a possile future
If y!% ca,e )ac3 t!,!rr!w+ I-( )e a)le help y!%.
;e ai( that if $ ca"e ack the ne?t day+ she%d e ale to help ,e.
@. If cla%e /ype > pat rep!rtin/ *er) & If cla%e /ype >
;yp!thetical pat c!n(iti!nal entence do not chan'e.
If wed caught the early train, wed have got there by lunch-time.
In thi type !f entence+ the tene necearily re,ain the a,e in rep!rte( peech.
L!!3 %p the anwer in the 3ey !nly if it is really i,p!i)le f!r y!% t! w!r3 it !%t y!%relf.
... t! l!!3 %p ... !nly if it was really
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/ype 3 "ore aout
a) If we caught the early train, wed get there by lunch-time. a %pp!iti!n !r a tentati*e
%//eti!n !f what c!%l( happen at !,e ti,e in the f%t%re.
The tene (! n!t chan/e in rep!rte( peech+ ince the ,eanin/ w!%l( chan/e if we rep!rte(
I th!%/ht that if we ha( ca%/ht the early train+ we-( ha*e /!t there )y l%nch5ti,e.
Thi rep!rte( *eri!n /i*e the i,prei!n that we (i(n-t+ in fact+ catch the early train+ an(
that we (i(n-t /et there )y l%nch5ti,e. 0e can ay !nly:
I %//ete( that if we caught the early train, wed get there by lunch-time.
I %//ete( that if we were to cach the early train, wed get there by lunch-time.
b) If I came into a fortune, Id give up woring.
A/ain+ the entence i c!ncerne( with what could conceivaly happen at so"e ti"e in the
future+ an( the tene w!%l( re,ain %nchan/e( in rep!rte( peech:
;e ai( that if he came into a fortune, hed give up woring.
c) If I new how it wored, I could tell you what to do.
A we ha*e alrea(y een+ thi entence (iffer fr!, 1a an( 1) in that it repreent present
unreality+ an( in thi cae the tene ,ay chan/e in rep!rte( peech:
I ai( that if Id nown how it wored, I could have told him what to do.
S%ch chan/e are n!t eential+ h!we*er+ an( in !,e cae w!%l( )e inc!rrect:
If I new the answer to all !uestions, Id be a genious.
Alth!%/h thi entence+ li3e 1c+ preent % with an i,a/inary (!r unreal) it%ati!n+ the
it%ati!n in thi cae i c!ncei*e( in 'eneral ter"s (i.e. without reference to a particular
"o"ent). I(ea !f thi nat%re cann!t )e e'pree( in any !ther f!r,+ whether rep!rte( !r n!t.
8888888888888
8881))=any *er) (ecri)e a f%ncti!n+ rather than rep!rt *er).
L!!3+ if I were y!% I-( lea*e early.
She a(*ie( ,e t! lea*e early.
(!ther e'a,ple: a(,it+ c!,plain+ reJ%et+ %//et+ a(*ie+ in*ite+ re,in(+ warn+ a/ree+
per%a(e+ threaten)