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PARTICLE SIZE:
The rate increases as the smaller the size of
reacting particles .
CATALYSTS:
Catalysts speed up reactions.
Factors affecting rate of reaction
A) CONCENTRATIONS OF REACTANTS
REMINDER!
)nly in zero order reactions, the rate of reaction is not
dependant upon the concentration of the reactants.
(depending on its rate order)
Reaction rate % k & A '
*
% k (constant)
B) TEMPERATURE
RT
#here$
k % rate constant
% constant +nown as the collision f!"#!nc$ f%c&o
e % natural log e1ponent
E
a
% activation energy for the reaction
! % universal gas constant 3/.4.5 6 mol
7.
8
7.
9
" % asolute temperature
ARRHENIUS EQUATION
RT
#$" (K
%#
9
ARRHENIUS EQUATION ) DERI*ATION
=
A
T R
E
k
a
ln ) ( ln +
=
.
Natural log both ends
(But ln e = 1)
Thus
See the linear relationship?
y %
m x
:
C
raph !epresentation "# The Arrhenius $%uation
;lotting a ln k &s
#
$
"
graph would show a clearer
relationship etween k 3Rate constant9 and te&perature
B) TEMPERATURE
A
T R
E
k
a
ln ) ( ln +
=
.
#here,
!
a
% Activation !nergy
R % /.4.5 6mol
7.
8
7.
T % Asolute Temp
A % Collision freq. factor
-f the value of A 3collision frequency factor9 is not +nown and the same reaction
conducted at two different temperatures.The Arrhenius equation at each temperature
can e written and comined to formed the equation shown in the o1.
B) TEMPERATURE
A
T R
E
k
a
ln ) ( ln +
=
.
.
.
Since 'A+ is a constant
A
T R
E
k
a
ln ) ( ln +
=
<
<
.
A
T R
E
k
a
ln ) ( ln = +
<
<
.
A
T R
E
k
a
ln ) ( ln = +
.
.
.
and
!earranging the e%uations (ould give
) ( ln ) ( ln
<
<
.
.
. .
T R
E
k
T R
E
k
a a
+ = +
) ( ) ( ln ln
. <
< .
. .
T R
E
T R
E
k k
a a
=
) ( ln
. < <
.
. .
T T R
E
k
k
a
=
DATA:
SOLUTION,
E-!cis!, &.! Ac&i/%&ion !n!0$
The decomposition of hydrogen iodide,
has rate constants of 0.=. 1 .*
70
" mol
7.
s
7.
at =** 8 and
...*1.*
7=
" mol
7.
s
7.
at >** 8. Find $
a
.
$
a
% ..?> 1 .*
=
6@mol % .?> +6@mol
2 HI (g) H
2
(g) + I
2
(g)
k
.
% 0.=. 1 .*
70
" mol
7.
s
7.
T
.
% =**8
k
<
% ...* 1 .*
7=
" mol
7.
s
7.
T
.
% >**8
) ( ln
. < <
.
. .
T T R
E
k
k
a
=
.
. < <
.
. .
= ) )( ln(
T T k
k
R E
a
.
0
=
=**
.
>**
.
.* =. 0
.* .* .
4.5 /
= ) )(
.
.
ln( ) . (
a
E
=
.
uncatalyzed catalyzed
rate
uncataly'ed
( rate
cataly'ed
#hen E
%
decreases, k increases,
!$A)T*"N !AT$ increases
C) CATALYST
E
%
1 E2
%
Reaction pathway
D) PARTICLE SIZE
The smaller the size of reacting particles, the greater is
the total surface area e1posed for reaction and
consequently the faster the reaction. -n the case of
heterogeneous systems, in which the reactants are in
different phases, the area of contact etween the reacting
sustances will influence the reaction rate consideraly.